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Elwood BW, Godwin CR, Anders JJ, Kardon RH, Gramlich OW. Correlation of Visual System Biomarkers With Motor Deficits in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis-Optic Neuritis. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2024; 13:1. [PMID: 39087931 PMCID: PMC11305423 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.13.8.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) scoring, the most commonly used primary outcome metric for an in vivo model of multiple sclerosis (MS), is highly variable and subjective. Here we explored the use of visual biomarkers in EAE as more objective and clinically relevant primary outcomes. Methods Motor impairment in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-immunized C57BL/6J mice was quantified using a five-point EAE grading scale. Pattern electroretinography (pERG) and retinal ganglion cell/inner plexiform layer (RGC/IPL) complex thickness were measured 60 days after induction. Optic nerve histopathology was analyzed at endpoint. Results EAE mice displayed motor impairments ranging from mild to severe. Significant correlations were seen between pERG amplitude and last EAE score, mean EAE score, and cumulative EAE score. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between thinning of the RGC/IPL complex and both EAE score and pERG amplitude. Optic nerve histopathology showed significant correlations between demyelination and cumulative EAE score, pERG amplitude, and RGC/IPL complex thickness, as well as between immune cell infiltration and cumulative EAE score, pERG amplitude, and RGC/IPL complex thickness in EAE mice. Conclusions Unlike EAE scoring, pERG and OCT show direct measurement of retinal structure and function. Therefore we conclude that visual outcomes are well suited as a direct assessment of optic nerve involvement in this EAE model of MS while also being indicative of motor impairment. Translational Relevance Standardizing directly translatable measurements as primary outcome parameters in the murine EAE model could lead to more rapid and relevant testing of new therapeutic approaches for mitigating MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W. Elwood
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Cheyanne R. Godwin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jeffrey J. Anders
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Randy H. Kardon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Oliver W. Gramlich
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Oertel FC, Hastermann M, Paul F. Delimiting MOGAD as a disease entity using translational imaging. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1216477. [PMID: 38333186 PMCID: PMC10851159 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1216477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The first formal consensus diagnostic criteria for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) were recently proposed. Yet, the distinction of MOGAD-defining characteristics from characteristics of its important differential diagnoses such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and aquaporin-4 antibody seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is still obstructed. In preclinical research, MOG antibody-based animal models were used for decades to derive knowledge about MS. In clinical research, people with MOGAD have been combined into cohorts with other diagnoses. Thus, it remains unclear to which extent the generated knowledge is specifically applicable to MOGAD. Translational research can contribute to identifying MOGAD characteristic features by establishing imaging methods and outcome parameters on proven pathophysiological grounds. This article reviews suitable animal models for translational MOGAD research and the current state and prospect of translational imaging in MOGAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederike Cosima Oertel
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Neuroscience Clinical Research Center, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Hastermann
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Neuroscience Clinical Research Center, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friedemann Paul
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Neuroscience Clinical Research Center, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Sindi M, Hecker C, Issberner A, Ruck T, Meuth SG, Albrecht P, Dietrich M. S1PR-1/5 modulator RP-101074 shows beneficial effects in a model of central nervous system degeneration. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1234984. [PMID: 37638037 PMCID: PMC10450045 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1234984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In multiple sclerosis (MS), chronic disability primarily stems from axonal and neuronal degeneration, a condition resistant to conventional immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory treatments. Recent research has indicated that selective sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor S1PR-1 and -5 modulators yield positive effects in progressive MS and mechanistic models of inflammation-driven neurodegeneration and demyelination. Methods In this study, the S1PR-1/-5 modulator RP-101074 was evaluated as a surrogate for ozanimod in the non-inflammatory, primary degenerative animal model of light-induced photoreceptor loss (LI-PRL) in CX3CR1-GFP mice to assess potential neuroprotective effects, independent of its immunomodulatory mechanism of action. Results Prophylactic administration of RP-101074 demonstrated protective effects in the preclinical, non-inflammatory LI-PRL animal model, following a bell-shaped dose-response curve. RP-101074 treatment also revealed activity-modulating effects on myeloid cells, specifically, CX3CR1+ cells, significantly reducing the marked infiltration occurring one week post-irradiation. Treatment with RP-101074 produced beneficial outcomes on both retinal layer thickness and visual function as evidenced by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optomotor response (OMR) measurements, respectively. Additionally, the myelination status and the quantity of neural stem cells in the optic nerve suggest that RP-101074 may play a role in the activation and/or recruitment of neural stem cells and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, respectively. Conclusion/Discussion The data from our study suggest that RP-101074 may have a broader role in MS treatment beyond immunomodulation, potentially offering a novel approach to mitigate neurodegeneration, a core contributor to chronic disability in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Sindi
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christina Hecker
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Issberner
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Ruck
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sven G. Meuth
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp Albrecht
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Maria Hilf Clinics, Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - Michael Dietrich
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Furman MJ, Meuth SG, Albrecht P, Dietrich M, Blum H, Mares J, Milo R, Hartung HP. B cell targeted therapies in inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1129906. [PMID: 36969208 PMCID: PMC10034856 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1129906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cumulative evidence along several lines indicates that B cells play an important role in the pathological course of multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitisoptica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and related CNS diseases. This has prompted extensive research in exploring the utility of targeting B cells to contain disease activity in these disorders. In this review, we first recapitulate the development of B cells from their origin in the bone marrow to their migration to the periphery, including the expression of therapy-relevant surface immunoglobulin isotypes. Not only the ability of B cells to produce cytokines and immunoglobulins seems to be essential in driving neuroinflammation, but also their regulatory functions strongly impact pathobiology. We then critically assess studies of B cell depleting therapies, including CD20 and CD19 targeting monoclonal antibodies, as well as the new class of B cell modulating substances, Bruton´s tyrosinekinase (BTK) inhibitors, in MS, NMOSD and MOGAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz J. Furman
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sven G. Meuth
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp Albrecht
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Maria Hilf Clinic, Moenchengladbach, Germany
| | - Michael Dietrich
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Heike Blum
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan Mares
- Department of Neurology, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Ron Milo
- Department of Neurology, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Hans-Peter Hartung
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
- Brain and Mind Center, Medical Faculty, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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