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Hou Y, Luo S, Li Z, Zhang H, Chen T, Liu C. Extrusion treatment of rice bran insoluble fiber generates specific niches favorable for Bacteroides during in vitro fermentation. Food Res Int 2024; 190:114599. [PMID: 38945569 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the morphological changes of insoluble fiber and their effects on microbiota modulation, particularly Bacteroides, rice bran insoluble fibers were extruded at different feed moisture levels (E20, E40, and E60). The physicochemical properties and SEM revealed that E20 exhibited the highest water holding capacity and displayed the most fragmented edges. E40 had the highest swelling holding capacity and displayed the most lamellar gaps. E60 showed minimal change in physicochemical properties but had a rough surface. After 48h fermentation, E40 showed the highest levels of Bacteroides and SCFAs. E20 and E60 resulted in a modest increase in Bacteroides abundance. SEM showed that bacteria were attached to fragmented edges, loosened lamellar gaps, and rough surfaces of the extruded insoluble fibers. The results suggested that Bacteroides gained a competitive advantage within the extrusion treatment created structural changes. Extrusion treatment can be used to generate specific niches favorable for Bacteroides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science & Technology, Nanchang University, 235 East Nanjing Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Shunjing Luo
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science & Technology, Nanchang University, 235 East Nanjing Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Zhongxia Li
- BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition & Health, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Huibin Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science & Technology, Nanchang University, 235 East Nanjing Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science & Technology, Nanchang University, 235 East Nanjing Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; International Institute of Food Innovation Co., Ltd., Nanchang University, Luozhu Road, Xiaolan Economic and Technological Development Zone, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330200, China.
| | - Chengmei Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science & Technology, Nanchang University, 235 East Nanjing Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; International Institute of Food Innovation Co., Ltd., Nanchang University, Luozhu Road, Xiaolan Economic and Technological Development Zone, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330200, China.
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Guo HX, Wang BB, Wu HY, Feng HY, Zhang HY, Gao W, Yuan B. Turtle peptide and its derivative peptide ameliorated DSS-induced ulcerative colitis by inhibiting inflammation and modulating the composition of the gut microbiota. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:112024. [PMID: 38608475 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a recurrent intestinal disease with an increasing incidence worldwide that seriously affects the life of patients. Turtle peptide (TP) is a bioactive peptide extracted from turtles that has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-aging properties. However, studies investigating the effect of TP on the progression of UC are lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate effects and underlying mechanisms of TP and its derivative peptide GPAGPIGPV (GP-9) in alleviating UC in mice. The results showed that 500 mg/kg TP treatment significantly ameliorated colitis symptoms and oxidative stress in UC mice. TP alleviated intestinal barrier damage in UC mice by promoting mucosal repair and increasing the expression of tight junction proteins (ZO1, occludin and claudin-1). TP also modulated the composition of the gut microbiota by increasing the abundance of the beneficial bacteria Anaerotignum, Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, Alistipes, and Lachno-spiraceae_NK4A136_group and decreasing the abundance of the harmful bacteria Prevotella_9 and Parasutterella. Furthermore, we characterized the peptide composition of TP and found that GP-9 ameliorated the symptoms of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, TP and its derivative peptides ameliorated DSS-induced ulcerative colitis by inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors and modulating the composition of the intestinal microbiota; this study provides a theoretical basis for the application of TP and its derivative peptides for their anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Xiang Guo
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China.
| | - Bing-Bing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China.
| | - Hong-Yu Wu
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China; Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin 132101, Jilin, China.
| | - Hao-Yuan Feng
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China.
| | - Hong-Yi Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China.
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China.
| | - Bao Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China.
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Inciuraite R, Gedgaudas R, Lukosevicius R, Tilinde D, Ramonaite R, Link A, Kasetiene N, Malakauskas M, Kiudelis G, Jonaitis LV, Kupcinskas J, Juzenas S, Skieceviciene J. Constituents of stable commensal microbiota imply diverse colonic epithelial cell reactivity in patients with ulcerative colitis. Gut Pathog 2024; 16:16. [PMID: 38521943 PMCID: PMC10960424 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-024-00612-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite extensive research on microbiome alterations in ulcerative colitis (UC), the role of the constituent stable microbiota remains unclear. RESULTS This study, employing 16S rRNA-gene sequencing, uncovers a persistent microbial imbalance in both active and quiescent UC patients compared to healthy controls. Using co-occurrence and differential abundance analysis, the study highlights microbial constituents, featuring Phocaeicola, Collinsella, Roseburia, Holdemanella, and Bacteroides, that are not affected during the course of UC. Co-cultivation experiments, utilizing commensal Escherichia coli and Phocaeicola vulgatus, were conducted with intestinal epithelial organoids derived from active UC patients and controls. These experiments reveal a tendency for a differential response in tight junction formation and maintenance in colonic epithelial cells, without inducing pathogen recognition and stress responses, offering further insights into the roles of these microorganisms in UC pathogenesis. These experiments also uncover high variation in patients' response to the same bacteria, which indicate the need for more comprehensive, stratified analyses with an expanded sample size. CONCLUSION This study reveals that a substantial part of the gut microbiota remains stable throughout progression of UC. Functional experiments suggest that members of core microbiota - Escherichia coli and Phocaeicola vulgatus - potentially differentially regulate the expression of tight junction gene in the colonic epithelium of UC patients and healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruta Inciuraite
- Institute for Digestive Research, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Rolandas Gedgaudas
- Institute for Digestive Research, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Gastroenterology, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rokas Lukosevicius
- Institute for Digestive Research, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Deimante Tilinde
- Institute for Digestive Research, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rima Ramonaite
- Institute for Digestive Research, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Alexander Link
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Neringa Kasetiene
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Academy of Veterinary, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Mindaugas Malakauskas
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Academy of Veterinary, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Gediminas Kiudelis
- Institute for Digestive Research, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Gastroenterology, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Laimas Virginijus Jonaitis
- Institute for Digestive Research, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Gastroenterology, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Juozas Kupcinskas
- Institute for Digestive Research, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Gastroenterology, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Simonas Juzenas
- Institute for Digestive Research, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jurgita Skieceviciene
- Institute for Digestive Research, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
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Huang TQ, Chen YX, Zeng SL, Lin Y, Li F, Jiang ZM, Liu EH. Bergenin Alleviates Ulcerative Colitis By Decreasing Gut Commensal Bacteroides vulgatus-Mediated Elevated Branched-Chain Amino Acids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:3606-3621. [PMID: 38324392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is closely associated with the dysregulation of gut microbiota. There is growing evidence that natural products may improve ulcerative colitis by regulating the gut microbiota. In this research, we demonstrated that bergenin, a naturally occurring isocoumarin, significantly ameliorates colitis symptoms in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mice. Transcriptomic analysis and Caco-2 cell assays revealed that bergenin could ameliorate ulcerative colitis by inhibiting TLR4 and regulating NF-κB and mTOR phosphorylation. 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomics analyses revealed that bergenin could improve gut microbiota dysbiosis by decreasing branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) levels. BCAA intervention mediated the mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway to exacerbate the symptoms of ulcerative colitis in mice. Notably, bergenin greatly decreased the symbiotic bacteria Bacteroides vulgatus (B. vulgatus), and the gavage of B. vulgatus increased BCAA concentrations and aggravated the symptoms of ulcerative colitis in mice. Our findings suggest that gut microbiota-mediated BCAA metabolism plays a vital role in the protective effect of bergenin on ulcerative colitis, providing novel insights for ulcerative colitis prevention through manipulation of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Qing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yu-Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Su-Ling Zeng
- Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zheng-Meng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - E-Hu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
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Shin HJ, Yang WK, Lee YC, Kim S, Moon SO, Kwon YJ, Noh HJ, Kim KH, Kim BK, Shin CH, Chae MY, Yun SH, Kim SH. Protective effect of the mixture of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KC3 and Leonurus Japonicas Houtt extract on respiratory disorders. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 270:115856. [PMID: 38134637 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Air pollutants, such as particulate matter (PM) and diesel exhaust particles (DEP), are associated with respiratory diseases. Therefore, preventive and therapeutic strategies against PM-and DEP (PM10D)-induced respiratory diseases are needed. Herein, we evaluate the protective effects of a mixture of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KC3 and Leonurus Japonicas Houtt (LJH) extract against airway inflammation associated with exposure to PM10D. To determine the anti-inflammatory effects of the LJH extract, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the expression of inflammatory pathways were determined in PM10-induced MH-S cells. For the respiratory protective effects, BALB/c mice were exposed to PM10D via intranasal injection, and a mixture of L. plantarum KC3 and LJH extract was administered orally for 12 days. LJH extract inhibited ROS production and the phosphorylation of downstream factors of NF-κB in PM10-stimulated MH-S cells. The mixture of L. plantarum KC3 and LJH repressed the infiltration of neutrophils, reduced the immune cells number, and suppressed the proinflammatory mediators and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expressions in PM10D-induced airway inflammation with reduced phosphorylation of downstream factors of NF-κB. In addition, these effects were not observed in an alveolar macrophage depleted PM10D-induced mouse model using clodronate liposomes. The extract mixture also regulated gut microbiota in feces and upregulated the mRNA expression of Foxp3, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and interleukin (IL)-10 in the colon. The L. plantarum KC3 and LJH extract mixture may inhibit alveolar macrophage- and neutrophil-mediated inflammatory responses and regulate gut microbiota and immune response in PM10D-induced airway inflammation, suggesting it is a potential remedy to prevent and cure airway inflammation and respiratory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Jae Shin
- KT&G Research Institute, Daejeon 34128, the Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyung Yang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, the Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chul Lee
- KT&G Research Institute, Daejeon 34128, the Republic of Korea
| | - Soeun Kim
- KT&G Research Institute, Daejeon 34128, the Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ok Moon
- KT&G Research Institute, Daejeon 34128, the Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Kwon
- Chong Kun Dang Bio Research Institute (CKDBiO), Seoul 03722, the Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ji Noh
- Chong Kun Dang Bio Research Institute (CKDBiO), Seoul 03722, the Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hwan Kim
- Chong Kun Dang Bio Research Institute (CKDBiO), Seoul 03722, the Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Kook Kim
- Chong Kun Dang Bio Research Institute (CKDBiO), Seoul 03722, the Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hun Shin
- Chong Kun Dang Bio Research Institute (CKDBiO), Seoul 03722, the Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Young Chae
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, the Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyeon Yun
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, the Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyung Kim
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, the Republic of Korea.
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Jin S, Chen P, Yang J, Li D, Liu X, Zhang Y, Xia Q, Li Y, Chen G, Li Y, Tong Y, Yu W, Fan X, Lin H. Phocaeicola vulgatus alleviates diet-induced metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease progression by downregulating histone acetylation level via 3-HPAA. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2309683. [PMID: 38312099 PMCID: PMC10854360 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2309683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Diet-induced metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a prevalent metabolic disorder with limited effective interventions available. A novel approach to address this issue is through gut microbiota-based therapy. In our study, we utilized multi-omics analysis to identify Phocaeicola vulgatus (P. vulgatus) as a potential probiotic for the treatment of MASLD. Our findings from murine models clearly illustrate that the supplementation of P. vulgatus mitigates the development of MASLD. This beneficial effect is partly attributed to the metabolite 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (3-HPAA) produced by P. vulgatus, which reduces the acetylation levels of H3K27 and downregulates the transcription of Squalene Epoxidase (SQLE), a rate-limiting enzyme in steroid biosynthesis that promotes lipid accumulation in liver cells. This study underscores the significant role of P. vulgatus in the development of MASLD and the critical importance of its metabolite 3-HPAA in regulating lipid homeostasis. These findings offer a promising avenue for early intervention therapy in the context of MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxi Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Duguang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiyin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiming Xia
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiling Li
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoqiao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Tong
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weihua Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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7
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Gilliland A, Chan JJ, De Wolfe TJ, Yang H, Vallance BA. Pathobionts in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Origins, Underlying Mechanisms, and Implications for Clinical Care. Gastroenterology 2024; 166:44-58. [PMID: 37734419 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of both forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), namely, Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Although evidence suggests dysbiosis and loss of beneficial microbial species can exacerbate IBD, many new studies have identified microbes with pathogenic qualities, termed "pathobionts," within the intestines of patients with IBD. The concept of pathobionts initiating or driving the chronicity of IBD has largely focused on the putative aggravating role that adherent invasive Escherichia coli may play in CD. However, recent studies have identified additional bacterial and fungal pathobionts in patients with CD and UC. This review will highlight the characteristics of these pathobionts and their implications for IBD treatment. Beyond exploring the origins of pathobionts, we discuss those associated with specific clinical features and the potential mechanisms involved, such as creeping fat (Clostridium innocuum) and impaired wound healing (Debaryomyces hansenii) in patients with CD as well as the increased fecal proteolytic activity (Bacteroides vulgatus) seen as a biomarker for UC severity. Finally, we examine the potential impact of pathobionts on current IBD therapies, and several new approaches to target pathobionts currently in the early stages of development. Despite recognizing that pathobionts likely contribute to the pathogenesis of IBD, more work is needed to define their modes of action. Determining whether causal relationships exist between pathobionts and specific disease characteristics could pave the way for improved care for patients, particularly for those not responding to current IBD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Gilliland
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jocelyn J Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Travis J De Wolfe
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hyungjun Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bruce A Vallance
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Calvigioni M, Mazzantini D, Celandroni F, Ghelardi E. Animal and In Vitro Models as Powerful Tools to Decipher the Effects of Enteric Pathogens on the Human Gut Microbiota. Microorganisms 2023; 12:67. [PMID: 38257894 PMCID: PMC10818369 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Examining the interplay between intestinal pathogens and the gut microbiota is crucial to fully comprehend the pathogenic role of enteropathogens and their broader impact on human health. Valid alternatives to human studies have been introduced in laboratory practice to evaluate the effects of infectious agents on the gut microbiota, thereby exploring their translational implications in intestinal functionality and overall health. Different animal species are currently used as valuable models for intestinal infections. In addition, considering the recent advances in bioengineering, futuristic in vitro models resembling the intestinal environment are also available for this purpose. In this review, the impact of the main human enteropathogens (i.e., Clostridioides difficile, Campylobacter jejuni, diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica, Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei, Vibrio cholerae, and Bacillus cereus) on intestinal microbial communities is summarized, with specific emphasis on results derived from investigations employing animal and in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emilia Ghelardi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (M.C.)
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9
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Ma J, Yuan T, Gao Y, Zeng X, Liu Z, Gao J. Torreya grandis oil attenuates cognitive impairment in scopolamine-induced mice. Food Funct 2023; 14:10520-10534. [PMID: 37946597 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03800a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The oil of Torreya grandis (TGO), a common nut in China, is considered to be a bioactive edible oil and has a great value in functional food development. In this study, the neuroprotective effects of TGO were investigated on a scopolamine (SCOP)-induced C57BL/6J mouse model. The mice were pretreated with TGO for 30 days (1000 mg per kg per day and 3000 mg per kg per day, i.g.). Behavioral tests showed that the supplementation of TGO could prevent the cognitive deficits induced by SCOP. TGO rebalanced the disorder of the cholinergic system by upgrading the level of acetylcholine. TGO also alleviated the over-activation of microglia and inhibited neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Additionally, TGO could regulate the composition of gut microbiota, increase the production of short-chain fatty acids, and decrease the content of lipopolysaccharides in the serum. In conclusion, TGO has the potential to prevent loss of memory and impairment of cognition, which may be related to its regulation of the gut microbiota-metabolite-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tian Yuan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuqi Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoming Zeng
- Anhui Kangxinxiang Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd, Yuexi 246600, Anhui, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinming Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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10
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Wu X, Xu J, Li J, Deng M, Shen Z, Nie K, Luo W, Zhang C, Ma K, Chen X, Wang X. Bacteroides vulgatus alleviates dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis and depression-like behaviour by facilitating gut-brain axis balance. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1287271. [PMID: 38033588 PMCID: PMC10687441 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1287271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a higher prevalence of depression. Gut microbiota dysbiosis plays an important role in IBD and depression. However, few studies have explored the characteristic microbiota of patients with IBD and depression (IBDD), or their role in IBDD. Methods We performed deep metagenomic sequencing and 16S rDNA quantitative PCR to characterise the gut microbial communities of patients with IBDD and patients with IBD without depression (IBDND). We then assessed the effect of the microbiota on colitis and depression in mouse models of dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS)-induced colitis and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depression. Furthermore, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyse the microbiota-derived metabolites involved in gut-brain communication. Evans Blue tracer dye was used to assess blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Results Our results showed that the faecal abundance of Bacteroides vulgatus (B. vulgatus) was lower in patients with IBDD than in those with IBDND. In the DSS-induced colitis mouse model, the B. vulgatus group showed a significantly lower disease activity index score, lesser weight loss, and longer colon length than the DSS group. Moreover, B. vulgatus relieved depression-like behaviour in the DSS-induced colitis mouse model and in the LPS-induced depression mouse model. Furthermore, the key metabolite of B. vulgatus was p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4-HPAA), which was found to relieve intestinal inflammation and alleviate depression-like behaviours in mouse models. By increasing the expression of the tight junction protein claudin-5 in the vascular endothelium of the BBB, B. vulgatus and 4-HPAA play critical roles in gut-brain communication. Conclusion B. vulgatus and B. vulgatus-derived 4-HPAA ameliorated intestinal inflammation and relieved depressive symptoms through the gut-brain axis. Thus, administration of B. vulgatus or 4-HPAA supplementation is a promising therapeutic strategy for treating IBD, particularly IBDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiahao Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingbo Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Minzi Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaohua Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kai Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weiwei Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kejia Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuejie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
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11
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Kleniewska P, Kopa-Stojak PN, Hoffmann A, Pawliczak R. The potential immunomodulatory role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of asthma: an in vitro study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19721. [PMID: 37957277 PMCID: PMC10643691 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of Bacteroides vulgatus (BV), Clostridium perfringens (CP), Parabacteroides distasonis (PD) and Ruminococcus albus (RA) lysates on secretion of selected cytokines by PBMC, MDM and HT-29 cells, as well as to determine the potential mechanisms of their action in the development of asthma. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to analyze the effect of BV, CP, PD and RA lysates on the secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α by human PBMC, MDM and HT-29 cells. BV and CP lysates significantly lowered IL-1β secretion by MDM vs. control (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001 respectively) but only at a dose of 400 µg lysate. The secretions of IL-6 by PBMC and MDM were elevated significantly above control values (p < 0.05) after administration of CP and PD lysates. BV, CP and PD lysates (100 µg) significantly increased IL-10 secretion by PBMC vs. control (p < 0.05). CP, PD and RA lysates (400 µg) significantly increased IL-10 secretion by MDM vs. control (p < 0.001). BV lysate (400 µg) also significantly increased IL-10 secretion by MDM as compared to control (p < 0.05). In PBMC and MDM, the production levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine were increased by all the bacterial lysates used in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Kleniewska
- Department of Immunopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Natalia Kopa-Stojak
- Department of Immunopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Hoffmann
- Department of Immunopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafał Pawliczak
- Department of Immunopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland.
- Department of Immunopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, bldg 2, Rm 177, 90-752, Lodz, Poland.
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12
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Bosch DE, Abbasian R, Parajuli B, Peterson SB, Mougous JD. Structural disruption of Ntox15 nuclease effector domains by immunity proteins protects against type VI secretion system intoxication in Bacteroidales. mBio 2023; 14:e0103923. [PMID: 37345922 PMCID: PMC10470768 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01039-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteroidales use type VI secretion systems (T6SS) to competitively colonize and persist in the colon. We identify a horizontally transferred T6SS with Ntox15 family nuclease effector (Tde1) that mediates interbacterial antagonism among Bacteroidales, including several derived from a single human donor. Expression of cognate (Tdi1) or orphan immunity proteins in acquired interbacterial defense systems protects against Tde1-dependent attack. We find that immunity protein interaction induces a large effector conformational change in Tde nucleases, disrupting the active site and altering the DNA-binding site. Crystallographic snapshots of isolated Tde1, the Tde1/Tdi1 complex, and homologs from Phocaeicola vulgatus (Tde2/Tdi2) illustrate a conserved mechanism of immunity inserting into the central core of Tde, splitting the nuclease fold into two subdomains. The Tde/Tdi interface and immunity mechanism are distinct from all other polymorphic toxin-immunity interactions of known structure. Bacteroidales abundance has been linked to inflammatory bowel disease activity in prior studies, and we demonstrate that Tde and T6SS structural genes are each enriched in fecal metagenomes from ulcerative colitis subjects. Genetically mobile Tde1-encoding T6SS in Bacteroidales mediate competitive growth and may be involved in inflammatory bowel disease. Broad immunity is conferred by Tdi1 homologs through a fold-disrupting mechanism unique among polymorphic effector-immunity pairs of known structure. IMPORTANCE Bacteroidales are related to inflammatory bowel disease severity and progression. We identify type VI secretion system (T6SS) nuclease effectors (Tde) which are enriched in ulcerative colitis and horizontally transferred on mobile genetic elements. Tde-encoding T6SSs mediate interbacterial competition. Orphan and cognate immunity proteins (Tdi) prevent intoxication by multiple Tde through a new mechanism among polymorphic toxin systems. Tdi inserts into the effector central core, splitting Ntox15 into two subdomains and disrupting the active site. This mechanism may allow for evolutionary diversification of the Tde/Tdi interface as observed in colicin nuclease-immunity interactions, promoting broad neutralization of Tde by orphan Tdi. Tde-dependent T6SS interbacterial antagonism may contribute to Bacteroidales diversity in the context of ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin E. Bosch
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Romina Abbasian
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Bishal Parajuli
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - S. Brook Peterson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Joseph D. Mougous
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Microbial Interactions and Microbiome Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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13
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Kang X, Ng SK, Liu C, Lin Y, Zhou Y, Kwong TNY, Ni Y, Lam TYT, Wu WKK, Wei H, Sung JJY, Yu J, Wong SH. Altered gut microbiota of obesity subjects promotes colorectal carcinogenesis in mice. EBioMedicine 2023; 93:104670. [PMID: 37343363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). The role of gut microbiota in mediating the cancer-promoting effect of obesity is unknown. METHODS Azoxymethane (AOM)-treated, ApcMin/+ and germ-free mice were gavaged with feces from obese individuals and control subjects respectively. The colonic tumor load and number were recorded at the endpoint in two carcinogenic models. The gut microbiota composition and colonic transcriptome were assessed by metagenomic sequencing and RNA sequencing, respectively. The anticancer effects of bacteria depleted in fecal samples of obese individuals were validated. FINDINGS Conventional AOM-treated and ApcMin/+ mice receiving feces from obese individuals showed significantly increased colon tumor formation compared with those receiving feces from control subjects. AOM-treated mice receiving feces from obese individuals showed impaired intestinal barrier function and significant upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activation of oncogenic Wnt signaling pathway. Consistently, transferring feces from obese individuals to germ-free mice led to increased colonic cell proliferation, intestinal barrier function impairment, and induction of oncogenic and proinflammatory gene expression. Moreover, germ-free mice transplanted with feces from obese human donors had increased abundance of potential pathobiont Alistipes finegoldii, and reduced abundance of commensals Bacteroides vulgatus and Akkermansia muciniphila compared with those receiving feces from human donors with normal body mass index (BMI). Validation experiments showed that B. vulgatus and A. muciniphila demonstrated anti-proliferative effects in CRC, while A. finegoldii promoted CRC tumor growth. INTERPRETATION Our results supported the role of obesity-associated microbiota in colorectal carcinogenesis and identified putative bacterial candidates that may mediate its mechanisms. Microbiota modulation in obese individuals may provide new approaches to prevent or treat obesity-related cancers including CRC. FUNDING This work was funded by National Key Research and Development Program of China (2020YFA0509200/2020YFA0509203), National Natural Science Foundation of China (81922082), RGC Theme-based Research Scheme Hong Kong (T21-705/20-N), RGC Research Impact Fund Hong Kong (R4632-21F), RGC-CRF Hong Kong (C4039-19GF and C7065-18GF), RGC-GRF Hong Kong (14110819, 14111621), and NTU Start-Up Grant (021337-00001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Kang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siu-Kin Ng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Changan Liu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yufeng Lin
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yunfei Zhou
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Thomas N Y Kwong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yunbi Ni
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Thomas Y T Lam
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - William K K Wu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Joseph J Y Sung
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Sunny H Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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14
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Compositional Alteration of Gut Microbiota in Psoriasis Treated with IL-23 and IL-17 Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054568. [PMID: 36902001 PMCID: PMC10002560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the gut microbiota composition and their associated metabolic dysfunction exist in psoriasis. However, the impact of biologics on shaping gut microbiota is not well known. This study aimed to determine the association of gut microorganisms and microbiome-encoded metabolic pathways with the treatment in patients with psoriasis. A total of 48 patients with psoriasis, including 30 cases who received an IL-23 inhibitor (guselkumab) and 18 cases who received an IL-17 inhibitor (secukinumab or ixekizumab) were recruited. Longitudinal profiles of the gut microbiome were conducted by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The gut microbial compositions dynamically changed in psoriatic patients during a 24-week treatment. The relative abundance of individual taxa altered differently between patients receiving the IL-23 inhibitor and those receiving the IL-17 inhibitor. Functional prediction of the gut microbiome revealed microbial genes related to metabolism involving the biosynthesis of antibiotics and amino acids were differentially enriched between responders and non-responders receiving IL-17 inhibitors, as the abundance of the taurine and hypotaurine pathway was found to be augmented in responders treated with the IL-23 inhibitor. Our analyses showed a longitudinal shift in the gut microbiota in psoriatic patients after treatment. These taxonomic signatures and functional alterations of the gut microbiome could serve as potential biomarkers for the response to biologics treatment in psoriasis.
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