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Cortés-Vieyra R, Gutiérrez-Castellanos S, Gómez-García A, Bravo-Patiño A, Calderón-Rico F, Martínez-Sepúlveda JD, Ortega-Flores R, Perez-Duran F, Franco-Correa LE, Zamora-Avilés AG, Nuñez-Anita RE. An observational study investigating soluble immune checkpoints as indicators of severe COVID-19. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0377623. [PMID: 38809008 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03776-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory behavior of soluble immune checkpoints (sICPs) and other biomarkers in the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study included 59 adult participants, 43 of whom tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Patients were divided into three cohorts: those with moderate disease (n = 16), recovered patients with severe disease (n = 13), and deceased patients with severe disease (n = 16). In addition, 16 participants were pre-pandemic subjects negative for SARS-CoV-2. The relative activity of neutralizing antibodies (rNAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 and the values of 14 sICPs in peripheral blood were compared between the four groups. Because the increase of markers values of inflammation [NLR > 12; CRP > 150 mg/L] and venous thromboembolism [D-dimer > 0.5 mg/L] has been associated with mortality from COVID-19, the total and differential leukocyte counts, the NLR, and CRP and D-dimer values were obtained in patients with severe disease. No differences in rNAbs were observed between the cohorts. Only the levels of five sICPs, sCD27, sHVEM sTIM-3, sPD-1, and sPDL-1, were significantly higher in patients with severe rather than moderate disease. The sPDL-2 level and NLR were higher in deceased patients than in recovered patients. However, there was no difference in CRP and D-dimer values between the two groups. Of the five soluble biomarkers compared among patients with severe disease, only sPDL-2 was higher in deceased patients than in recovered patients. This suggests that immuno-inhibitory sICPs might be used as indicators for severe COVID-19, with sPDL-2 used to assess individual risk for fatality.IMPORTANCECOVID-19, the disease caused by a SARS-CoV-2 infection, generates a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms, progressing to multiorgan failure in the most severe cases. As activation of the immune system is pivotal to eradicating the virus, future research should focus on identifying reliable biomarkers to efficiently predict the outcome in severe COVID-19 cases. Soluble immune checkpoints represent the function of the immune system and are easily determined in peripheral blood. This research could lead to implementing more effective severity biomarkers for COVID-19, which could increase patients' survival rate and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricarda Cortés-Vieyra
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de San Nicolás de Hidalgo (UMSNH), Morelia-Zinapécuaro, Mexico
| | - Sergio Gutiérrez-Castellanos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán, División de Investigación Clínica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Anel Gómez-García
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán, División de Investigación Clínica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Bravo-Patiño
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología de la FMVZ, UMSNH, Morelia-Zinapécuaro, Mexico
| | - Fernando Calderón-Rico
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de San Nicolás de Hidalgo (UMSNH), Morelia-Zinapécuaro, Mexico
| | | | - Roberto Ortega-Flores
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de San Nicolás de Hidalgo (UMSNH), Morelia-Zinapécuaro, Mexico
| | - Francisco Perez-Duran
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de San Nicolás de Hidalgo (UMSNH), Morelia-Zinapécuaro, Mexico
| | - Luis Enrique Franco-Correa
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de San Nicolás de Hidalgo (UMSNH), Morelia-Zinapécuaro, Mexico
| | - Alicia Gabriela Zamora-Avilés
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de San Nicolás de Hidalgo (UMSNH), Morelia-Zinapécuaro, Mexico
| | - Rosa Elvira Nuñez-Anita
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de San Nicolás de Hidalgo (UMSNH), Morelia-Zinapécuaro, Mexico
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Premeaux TA, Bowler S, Friday CM, Moser CB, Hoenigl M, Lederman MM, Landay AL, Gianella S, Ndhlovu LC. Machine learning models based on fluid immunoproteins that predict non-AIDS adverse events in people with HIV. iScience 2024; 27:109945. [PMID: 38812553 PMCID: PMC11134891 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART), individuals with HIV remain at risk for experiencing non-AIDS adverse events (NAEs), including cardiovascular complications and malignancy. Several surrogate immune biomarkers in blood have shown predictive value in predicting NAEs; however, composite panels generated using machine learning may provide a more accurate advancement for monitoring and discriminating NAEs. In a nested case-control study, we aimed to develop machine learning models to discriminate cases (experienced an event) and matched controls using demographic and clinical characteristics alongside 49 plasma immunoproteins measured prior to and post-ART initiation. We generated support vector machine (SVM) classifier models for high-accuracy discrimination of individuals aged 30-50 years who experienced non-fatal NAEs at pre-ART and one-year post-ART. Extreme gradient boosting generated a high-accuracy model at pre-ART, while K-nearest neighbors performed poorly all around. SVM modeling may offer guidance to improve disease monitoring and elucidate potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Premeaux
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott Bowler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Courtney M. Friday
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carlee B. Moser
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research in the Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin Hoenigl
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael M. Lederman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alan L. Landay
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sara Gianella
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lishomwa C. Ndhlovu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Iacobescu M, Pop C, Uifălean A, Mogoşan C, Cenariu D, Zdrenghea M, Tănase A, Bergthorsson JT, Greiff V, Cenariu M, Iuga CA, Tomuleasa C, Tătaru D. Unlocking protein-based biomarker potential for graft-versus-host disease following allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplants. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1327035. [PMID: 38433830 PMCID: PMC10904603 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1327035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the numerous advantages of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants (allo-HSCT), there exists a notable association with risks, particularly during the preconditioning period and predominantly post-intervention, exemplified by the occurrence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Risk stratification prior to symptom manifestation, along with precise diagnosis and prognosis, relies heavily on clinical features. A critical imperative is the development of tools capable of early identification and effective management of patients undergoing allo-HSCT. A promising avenue in this pursuit is the utilization of proteomics-based biomarkers obtained from non-invasive biospecimens. This review comprehensively outlines the application of proteomics and proteomics-based biomarkers in GVHD patients. It delves into both single protein markers and protein panels, offering insights into their relevance in acute and chronic GVHD. Furthermore, the review provides a detailed examination of the site-specific involvement of GVHD. In summary, this article explores the potential of proteomics as a tool for timely and accurate intervention in the context of GVHD following allo-HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Iacobescu
- Department of Proteomics and Metabolomics, MEDFUTURE Research Center for Advanced Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Pop
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alina Uifălean
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Mogoşan
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Cenariu
- Department of Translational Medicine, MEDFUTURE Research Center for Advanced Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihnea Zdrenghea
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alina Tănase
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Jon Thor Bergthorsson
- Department of Laboratory Hematology, Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, School of Health Sciences, University Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Victor Greiff
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mihai Cenariu
- Department of Animal Reproduction, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Adela Iuga
- Department of Proteomics and Metabolomics, MEDFUTURE Research Center for Advanced Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Department of Translational Medicine, MEDFUTURE Research Center for Advanced Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dan Tătaru
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Park EJ, Lee CW. Soluble receptors in cancer: mechanisms, clinical significance, and therapeutic strategies. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:100-109. [PMID: 38182653 PMCID: PMC10834419 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01150-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Soluble receptors are soluble forms of receptors found in the extracellular space. They have emerged as pivotal regulators of cellular signaling and disease pathogenesis. This review emphasizes their significance in cancer as diagnostic/prognostic markers and potential therapeutic targets. We provide an overview of the mechanisms by which soluble receptors are generated along with their functions. By exploring their involvement in cancer progression, metastasis, and immune evasion, we highlight the importance of soluble receptors, particularly soluble cytokine receptors and immune checkpoints, in the tumor microenvironment. Although current research has illustrated the emerging clinical relevance of soluble receptors, their therapeutic applications remain underexplored. As the landscape of cancer treatment evolves, understanding and targeting soluble receptors might pave the way for novel strategies for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ji Park
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Woo Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
- SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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Li W, Xia Y, Yang J, Sanyal AJ, Shah VH, Chalasani NP, Yu Q. Disrupted balance between pro-inflammatory lipid mediators and anti-inflammatory specialized pro-resolving mediators is linked to hyperinflammation in patients with alcoholic hepatitis. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.12.15.23300034. [PMID: 38168393 PMCID: PMC10760266 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.15.23300034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Background Chronic excessive alcohol consumption leads to a spectrum of alcohol-associated liver diseases (ALD), including alcoholic hepatitis (AH). AH is characterized by intense systemic and liver inflammation, posing significant risks of health complications and mortality. While inflammation is a crucial defense mechanism against injury and infection, its timely resolution is essential to prevent tissue damage and restore tissue homeostasis. The resolution of inflammation is an actively regulated process, primarily governed by specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), lipid metabolites derived from ω-6 and ω-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). We investigated the balance between pro-inflammatory lipid mediators (PLMs) and SPMs in the ω-6 and ω-3 PUFA metabolic pathways and examined the impact of alcohol abstinence on rectifying the dysregulated biosynthesis of PLMs and SPMs in AH patients. Methods LC-MS/MS and ELISA were used to quantify levels of bioactive lipid mediators (LMs) and their precursors in the plasma samples from 58 AH patients, 29 heavy drinkers without overt liver diseases (HDCs), and 35 healthy controls (HCs). Subsequently, we assessed correlations of altered LMs with clinical parameters and various markers of inflammatory cascade andmicrobial translocation. Furthermore, we conducted a longitudinal study to track changes in levels of LMs over 6- and 12-month follow-ups in AH patients who underwent alcohol abstinence. Results AH patients exhibited significantly higher plasma levels of ω-6 PLMs (PGD 2 and LTB 4 ) and SPM RvE1 compared to HDCs and/or HCs. Conversely, key SPMs such as LXA4, RvD1, and several precursors in the ω-3 pathway were significantly downregulated in AH patients. Some of these altered LMs were found to correlate with AH disease severity, clinical parameters, and various inflammatory cytokines. In particular, the LTB4/LXA4 ratio was substantially elevated in AH patients relative to HDCs and HCs. This altered ratio displayed a positive correlation with the MELD score, suggesting its potential utility as an indicator of disease severity in AH patients. Importantly, the majority of dysregulated LMs, particularly PLMs, were normalized following alcohol abstinence. Conclusion Our study reveals significant dysregulation in the levels of PLM metabolites and anti-inflammatory SPMs in both ω-6 and ω-3 PUFA pathways in AH patients. This disrupted biosynthesis, characterized by an overabundance of PLMs and a deficiency in SPMs, is linked to the heightened inflammation observed in AH patients. Importantly, our findings suggest an important role of alcohol abstinence in restoring the balance of these LMs and the potential therapeutic benefits of SPM supplements in alleviating the inflammatory cascade in AH patients.
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Torki E, Gharezade A, Doroudchi M, Sheikhi S, Mansury D, Sullman MJM, Fouladseresht H. The kinetics of inhibitory immune checkpoints during and post-COVID-19: the knowns and unknowns. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:3299-3319. [PMID: 37697158 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01188-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is tightly regulated to prevent immune reactions to self-antigens and to avoid excessive immune responses during and after challenges from non-self-antigens. Inhibitory immune checkpoints (IICPs), as the major regulators of immune system responses, are extremely important for maintaining the homeostasis of cells and tissues. However, the high and sustained co-expression of IICPs in chronic infections, under persistent antigenic stimulations, results in reduced immune cell functioning and more severe and prolonged disease complications. Furthermore, IICPs-mediated interactions can be hijacked by pathogens in order to evade immune induction or effector mechanisms. Therefore, IICPs can be potential targets for the prognosis and treatment of chronic infectious diseases. This is especially the case with regards to the most challenging infectious disease of recent times, coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), whose long-term complications can persist long after recovery. This article reviews the current knowledge about the kinetics and functioning of the IICPs during and post-COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensiye Torki
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arezou Gharezade
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Doroudchi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shima Sheikhi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Davood Mansury
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mark J M Sullman
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Hamed Fouladseresht
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Rapoport BL, Steel HC, Benn CA, Nayler S, Smit T, Heyman L, Theron AJ, Hlatshwayo N, Kwofie LL, Meyer PW, Anderson R. Dysregulation of systemic soluble immune checkpoints in early breast cancer is attenuated following administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and is associated with recovery of CD27, CD28, CD40, CD80, ICOS and GITR and substantially increased levels of PD-L1, LAG-3 and TIM-3. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1097309. [PMID: 37064132 PMCID: PMC10098332 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1097309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) may alter the immune landscape of patients with early breast cancer (BC), potentially setting the scene for more effective implementation of checkpoint-targeted immunotherapy. This issue has been investigated in the current study in which alterations in the plasma concentrations of 16 soluble co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory, immune checkpoints were measured sequentially in a cohort of newly diagnosed, early BC patients (n=72), pre-treatment, post-NAC and post-surgery using a Multiplex® bead array platform. Relative to a group of healthy control subjects (n=45), the median pre-treatment levels of five co-stimulatory (CD27, CD40, GITRL, ICOS, GITR) and three co-inhibitory (TIM-3, CTLA-4, PD-L1) soluble checkpoints were significantly lower in the BC patients vs. controls (p<0.021-p<0.0001; and p<0.008-p<0.00001, respectively). Following NAC, the plasma levels of six soluble co-stimulatory checkpoints (CD28, CD40, ICOS, CD27, CD80, GITR), all involved in activation of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, were significantly increased (p<0.04-p<0.00001), comparable with control values and remained at these levels post-surgery. Of the soluble co-inhibitory checkpoints, three (LAG-3, PD-L1, TIM-3) increased significantly post-NAC, reaching levels significantly greater than those of the control group. PD-1 remained unchanged, while BTLA and CTLA-4 decreased significantly (p<0.03 and p<0.00001, respectively). Normalization of soluble co-stimulatory immune checkpoints is seemingly indicative of reversal of systemic immune dysregulation following administration of NAC in early BC, while recovery of immune homeostasis may explain the increased levels of several negative checkpoint proteins, albeit with the exceptions of CTLA-4 and PD-1. Although a pathological complete response (pCR) was documented in 61% of patients (mostly triple-negative BC), surprisingly, none of the soluble immune checkpoints correlated with the pCR, either pre-treatment or post-NAC. Nevertheless, in the case of the co-stimulatory ICMs, these novel findings are indicative of the immune-restorative potential of NAC in early BC, while in the case of the co-inhibitory ICMs, elevated levels of soluble PD-L1, LAG-3 and TIM-3 post-NAC underscore the augmentative immunotherapeutic promise of targeting these molecules, either individually or in combination, as a strategy, which may contribute to the improved management of early BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo L. Rapoport
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Netcare Breast Care Centre, Johannesburg, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Bernardo L. Rapoport,
| | - Helen C. Steel
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Carol A. Benn
- Netcare Breast Care Centre, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Simon Nayler
- Netcare Breast Care Centre, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Drs Gritzman & Thatcher Inc. Laboratories, University of the Witwatersrand Donald Gordon Medical Centre, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Teresa Smit
- Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Liezl Heyman
- Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Annette J. Theron
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nomsa Hlatshwayo
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Immunology, Tshwane Academic Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Luyanda L.I. Kwofie
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Immunology, Tshwane Academic Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Pieter W.A. Meyer
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Immunology, Tshwane Academic Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ronald Anderson
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Chiu CY, Schou MD, McMahon JH, Deeks SG, Fromentin R, Chomont N, Wykes MN, Rasmussen TA, Lewin SR. Soluble immune checkpoints as correlates for HIV persistence and T cell function in people with HIV on antiretroviral therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1123342. [PMID: 37056754 PMCID: PMC10086427 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1123342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In people with HIV (PWH) both off and on antiretroviral therapy (ART), the expression of immune checkpoint (IC) proteins is elevated on the surface of total and HIV-specific T-cells, indicating T-cell exhaustion. Soluble IC proteins and their ligands can also be detected in plasma, but have not been systematically examined in PWH. Since T-cell exhaustion is associated with HIV persistence on ART, we aimed to determine if soluble IC proteins and their ligands also correlated with the size of the HIV reservoir and HIV-specific T-cell function. Methods We used multiplex bead-based immunoassay to quantify soluble programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3), T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3), PD-1 Ligand 1 (PD-L1) and PD-1 Ligand 2 (PD-L2) in plasma from PWH off ART (n=20), on suppressive ART (n=75) and uninfected controls (n=20). We also quantified expression of membrane-bound IC and frequencies of functional T-cells to Gag and Nef peptide stimulation on CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells using flow cytometry. The HIV reservoir was quantified in circulating CD4+ T-cells using qPCR for total and integrated HIV DNA, cell-associated unspliced HIV RNA and 2LTR circles. Results Soluble (s) PD-L2 level was higher in PWH off and on ART compared to uninfected controls. Higher levels of sPD-L2 correlated with lower levels of HIV total DNA and higher frequencies of gag-specific CD8+ T-cells expressing CD107a, IFNγ or TNFα. In contrast, the concentration of sLAG-3 was similar in uninfected individuals and PWH on ART, but was significantly elevated in PWH off ART. Higher levels of sLAG-3 correlated with higher levels of HIV total and integrated DNA, and lower frequency of gag-specific CD4+ T cells expressing CD107a. Similar to sLAG-3, levels of sPD-1 were elevated in PWH off ART and normalized in PWH on ART. sPD-1 was positively correlated with the frequency of gag-specific CD4+ T cells expressing TNF-a and the expression of membrane-bound PD-1 on total CD8+ T-cells in PWH on ART. Discussion Plasma soluble IC proteins and their ligands correlate with markers of the HIV reservoir and HIV-specific T-cell function and should be investigated further in in large population-based studies of the HIV reservoir or cure interventions in PWH on ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Y. Chiu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Maya D. Schou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James H. McMahon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Monash University and the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Steven G. Deeks
- Department of Medicine, University California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Rémi Fromentin
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Chomont
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Thomas A. Rasmussen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sharon R. Lewin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Monash University and the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Pyo JY, Yoon T, Ahn SS, Song JJ, Park YB, Lee SW. Soluble immune checkpoint molecules in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21319. [PMID: 36494415 PMCID: PMC9734661 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25466-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint molecules balance immune effector responses with regulatory reactions. We speculated that soluble immune checkpoint molecules are involved in dysregulation of the immune response and autoimmunity. We evaluated the association between soluble immune checkpoint molecules and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). A total of 56 patients with AAV from a prospective observational cohort and 40 healthy controls (HCs) were analyzed. Soluble PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, CTLA-4, CD28, CD80, CD86, ICOS, TIM-3, BTLA, CD40, LAG-3, TLR-2, and CD27 were measured in stored sera using the Milliplex MAP assay. Paired analyses were performed before and after the treatment. AAV-specific indices, including Birmingham vasculitis activity score, five factor score , vasculitis damage index, and blood samples, were collected. Patients with AAV had higher levels of sPD-L1, sCD28, sCD80, sCD86, sICOS, sTIM-3, sLAG-3, sTLR-2, and sCD27 and lower level of sCTLA-4 than HCs (p < 0.05). Patients with AAV had higher serum sCD28, sCD80, sTIM-3, and sCD27 levels than HCs at baseline and decreased after treatment. Furthermore, the serum levels of sCD28 and sTIM-3 were significantly correlated with disease activity. This study demonstrated altered concentrations of serum soluble immune checkpoint molecules in patients with AAV. In particular, sCD28 and sTIM-3 may act as surrogate markers of AAV disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Yoon Pyo
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun–gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Taejun Yoon
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Medical Science, BK21 Plus Project, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Ahn
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun–gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Jason Jungsik Song
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun–gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea ,grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Beom Park
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun–gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea ,grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun–gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea ,grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Health influence of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) on cancer: a review. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:1395-1405. [PMID: 36269132 PMCID: PMC9828497 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus, namely, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), broke out two years ago and has caused major global health issues. Adequate treatment options are still lacking for the management of COVID-19 viral infections. Many patients afflicted with COVID-19 may range from asymptomatic to severe symptomatic, triggering poor clinical outcomes, morbidity, and mortality. Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. It is pertinent to re-examine cancer prevalence during the COVID-19 pandemic to prevent mortality and complications. Understanding the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on cancer is key to appropriate healthcare measures for the treatment and prevention of this vulnerable population. Data was acquired from PubMed using key search terms. Additional databases were utilized, such as the Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, American Cancer Society (ACS), and National Cancer Institute (NCI). Cancer patients are more prone to SARS-CoV-2 infection and exhibit poor health outcomes, possibly due to a chronic immunosuppressive state and anticancer therapies. Male sex, older age, and active cancer disease or previous cancer are risk factors for COVID-19 infection, leading to possible severe complications, including morbidity or mortality. The speculated mechanism for potentially higher mortality or COVID-19 complications is through reduced immune system function and inflammatory processes through cancer disease, anticancer therapy, and active COVID-19 infection. This review includes prostate, breast, ovarian, hematologic, lung, colorectal, esophageal, bladder, pancreatic, cervical, and head and neck cancers. This review should help better maintain the health of cancer patients and direct clinicians for COVID-19 prevention to improve the overall health outcomes.
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