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Tkachenko A. Hemocompatibility studies in nanotoxicology: Hemolysis or eryptosis? (A review). Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 98:105814. [PMID: 38582230 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Hemocompatibility evaluation is an important step in nanotoxicological studies. It is generally accepted that nanomaterials promote lysis of erythrocytes, blood clotting, alter phagocytosis, and upregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, there are no standardized guidelines for testing nanomaterials hemocompatibility despite the fact that nanomaterials enter the bloodstream and interact with blood cells. In this review, the current knowledge on the ability of nanomaterials to induce distinct cell death modalities of erythrocytes is highlighted primarily focusing on hemolysis and eryptosis. This review aims to summarize the molecular mechanisms underlying erythrotoxicity of nanomaterials and critically compare the sensitivity and efficiency of hemolysis or eryptosis assays for nanomaterials blood compatibility testing. The list of eryptosis-inducing nanomaterials is growing, but it is still difficult to generalize how physico-chemical properties of nanoparticles affect eryptosis degree and molecular mechanisms involved. Thus, another aim of this review is to raise the awareness of eryptosis as a nanotoxicological tool to encourage the corresponding studies. It is worthwhile to consider adding eryptosis to in vitro nanomaterials hemocompatibility testing protocols and guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Tkachenko
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Průmyslová 595, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic.
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Virzì GM, Morisi N, Marturano D, Milan Manani S, Tantillo I, Ronco C, Zanella M. Peritoneal Inflammation in PD-Related Peritonitis Induces Systemic Eryptosis: In Vitro and In Vivo Assessments. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4284. [PMID: 38673869 PMCID: PMC11049828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Erythrocytes (RBCs) have a highly specialized and organized membrane structure and undergo programmed cell death, known as eryptosis. Our preliminary data show a significant increase in the eryptosis during peritoneal dialysis (PD)-associated peritonitis. The objectives of the present study were assessment of the incrementation of eryptosis in PD patients with peritonitis, evaluation of the relationship between systemic eryptosis in peritonitis and specific peritonitis biomarkers in PD effluent (PDE), and confirmation of the induction of eryptosis by peritonitis in a vitro setting. We enrolled 22 PD patients with peritonitis and 17 healthy subjects (control group, CTR). For the in vivo study, eryptosis was measured in freshly isolated RBCs. For the in vitro study, healthy RBCs were exposed to the plasma of 22 PD patients with peritonitis and the plasma of the CTR group for 2, 4, and 24 h. Eryptosis was evaluated by flow cytometric analyses in vivo and in vitro. PDE samples were collected for biomarkers analysis.The percentage of eryptotic RBCs was significantly higher in PD patients with peritonitis than in CTR (PD patients with peritonitis: 7.7; IQR 4.3-14.2, versus CTR: 0.8; IQR 0.7-1.3; p < 0.001). We confirmed these in vivo results by in vitro experiments: healthy RBCs incubated with plasma from PD patients with peritonitis demonstrated a significant increase in eryptosis compared to healthy RBCs exposed to plasma from the control group at all times. Furthermore, significant positive correlations were observed between eryptosis level and all analyzed peritoneal biomarkers of peritonitis. We investigated a potential connection between systemic eryptosis and peritoneal biomarkers of peritonitis. Up-regulation of inflammatory markers could explain the increased rate of systemic eryptosis during PD-related peritonitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Maria Virzì
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, St Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, Italy; (D.M.); (S.M.M.); (I.T.); (M.Z.)
- IRRIV—International Renal Research Institute, 36100 Vicenza, Italy; (N.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Niccolò Morisi
- IRRIV—International Renal Research Institute, 36100 Vicenza, Italy; (N.M.); (C.R.)
- Nephrology Dialysis and Renal Transplantation Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Davide Marturano
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, St Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, Italy; (D.M.); (S.M.M.); (I.T.); (M.Z.)
- IRRIV—International Renal Research Institute, 36100 Vicenza, Italy; (N.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Sabrina Milan Manani
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, St Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, Italy; (D.M.); (S.M.M.); (I.T.); (M.Z.)
- IRRIV—International Renal Research Institute, 36100 Vicenza, Italy; (N.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Ilaria Tantillo
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, St Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, Italy; (D.M.); (S.M.M.); (I.T.); (M.Z.)
- IRRIV—International Renal Research Institute, 36100 Vicenza, Italy; (N.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Claudio Ronco
- IRRIV—International Renal Research Institute, 36100 Vicenza, Italy; (N.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Monica Zanella
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, St Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, Italy; (D.M.); (S.M.M.); (I.T.); (M.Z.)
- IRRIV—International Renal Research Institute, 36100 Vicenza, Italy; (N.M.); (C.R.)
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Groomes PV, Paul AS, Duraisingh MT. Inhibition of malaria and babesiosis parasites by putative red blood cell targeting small molecules. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1304839. [PMID: 38572319 PMCID: PMC10988762 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1304839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Chemotherapies for malaria and babesiosis frequently succumb to the emergence of pathogen-related drug-resistance. Host-targeted therapies are thought to be less susceptible to resistance but are seldom considered for treatment of these diseases. Methods Our overall objective was to systematically assess small molecules for host cell-targeting activity to restrict proliferation of intracellular parasites. We carried out a literature survey to identify small molecules annotated for host factors implicated in Plasmodium falciparum infection. Alongside P. falciparum, we implemented in vitro parasite susceptibility assays also in the zoonotic parasite Plasmodium knowlesi and the veterinary parasite Babesia divergens. We additionally carried out assays to test directly for action on RBCs apart from the parasites. To distinguish specific host-targeting antiparasitic activity from erythrotoxicity, we measured phosphatidylserine exposure and hemolysis stimulated by small molecules in uninfected RBCs. Results We identified diverse RBC target-annotated inhibitors with Plasmodium-specific, Babesia-specific, and broad-spectrum antiparasitic activity. The anticancer MEK-targeting drug trametinib is shown here to act with submicromolar activity to block proliferation of Plasmodium spp. in RBCs. Some inhibitors exhibit antimalarial activity with transient exposure to RBCs prior to infection with parasites, providing evidence for host-targeting activity distinct from direct inhibition of the parasite. Conclusions We report here characterization of small molecules for antiproliferative and host cell-targeting activity for malaria and babesiosis parasites. This resource is relevant for assessment of physiological RBC-parasite interactions and may inform drug development and repurposing efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manoj T. Duraisingh
- Department of Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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Tkachenko A, Havranek O. Erythronecroptosis: an overview of necroptosis or programmed necrosis in red blood cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-04948-8. [PMID: 38427167 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-04948-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Necroptosis is considered a programmed necrosis that requires receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3), and pore-forming mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) to trigger a regulated cell membrane lysis. Membrane rupture in necroptosis has been shown to fuel innate immune response due to release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Recently published studies indicate that mature erythrocytes can undergo necroptosis as well. In this review, we provide an outline of multiple cell death modes occurring in erythrocytes, discuss possible immunological aspects of diverse erythrocyte cell deaths, summarize available evidence related to the ability of erythrocytes to undergo necroptosis, outline key involved molecular mechanisms, and discuss the potential implication of erythrocyte necroptosis in the physiology and pathophysiology. Furthermore, we aim to highlight the interplay between necroptosis and eryptosis signaling in erythrocytes, emphasizing specific characteristics of these pathways distinct from their counterparts in nucleated cells. Thus, our review provides a comprehensive summary of the current knowledge of necroptosis in erythrocytes. To reflect critical differences between necroptosis of nucleated cells and necroptosis of erythrocytes, we suggest a term erythronecroptosis for necroptosis of enucleated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Tkachenko
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prumyslova 595, 25250, Vestec, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondrej Havranek
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prumyslova 595, 25250, Vestec, Czech Republic
- First Department of Internal Medicine-Hematology, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Prokopiuk V, Onishchenko A, Tryfonyuk L, Posokhov Y, Gorbach T, Kot Y, Kot K, Maksimchuk P, Nakonechna O, Tkachenko A. Marine Polysaccharides Carrageenans Enhance Eryptosis and Alter Lipid Order of Cell Membranes in Erythrocytes. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01225-9. [PMID: 38334853 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01225-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Aim In the current study, hemocompatibility of three major commercially available types of carrageenans (ι, κ and λ) was investigated focusing on eryptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Carrageenans of ι-, κ- and λ-types were incubated with washed erythrocytes (hematocrit 0.4%) at 0-1-5-10 g/L for either 24 h or 48 h. Incubation was followed by flow cytometry-based quantitative analysis of eryptosis parameters, including cell volume, cell membrane scrambling and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lipid peroxidation markers and confocal microscopy-based evaluation of intracellular Ca2+ levels, assessment of lipid order in cell membranes and the glutathione antioxidant system. Confocal microscopy was used to assess carrageenan cellular internalization using rhodamine B isothiocyanate-conjugated carrageenans. RESULTS All three types of carrageenans were found to trigger eryptosis. Pro-eryptotic properties were type-dependent and λ-carrageenan had the strongest impact inducing phosphatidylserine membrane asymmetry, changes in cell volume, Ca2+ signaling and oxidative stress characterized by ROS overproduction, activation of lipid peroxidation and severe glutathione system depletion. Eryptosis induction by carrageenans does not require their uptake by erythrocytes. Changes in physicochemical properties of cell membrane were also type-dependent. No carrageenan-induced generation of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals was observed in cell-free milieu. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that ι-, κ- and λ-types trigger eryptosis in a type-dependent manner and indicate that carrageenans can be further investigated as potential eryptosis-regulating therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Prokopiuk
- Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Kharkiv National Medical University, 4 Nauky ave, 61022, Kharkiv, Ukraine
- Department of Cryobiochemistry, Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, 61015, Ukraine
| | - Anatolii Onishchenko
- Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Kharkiv National Medical University, 4 Nauky ave, 61022, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Liliya Tryfonyuk
- Institute of Health, National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, 11 Soborna st, 33000, Rivne, Ukraine
| | - Yevgen Posokhov
- Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Kharkiv National Medical University, 4 Nauky ave, 61022, Kharkiv, Ukraine
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry, Paints and Coatings, The National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", 2 Kyrpychova st, 61000, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Tetyana Gorbach
- Department of Biochemistry, Kharkiv National Medical University, 4 Nauky ave., 61022, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Yurii Kot
- Department of Biochemistry, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svobody sq., 61022, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Kateryna Kot
- Department of Biochemistry, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svobody sq., 61022, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Pavel Maksimchuk
- Institute for Scintillation Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 60 Nauky ave, 61072, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Oksana Nakonechna
- Department of Biochemistry, Kharkiv National Medical University, 4 Nauky ave., 61022, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Anton Tkachenko
- Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Kharkiv National Medical University, 4 Nauky ave, 61022, Kharkiv, Ukraine.
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Lamiable A, Champetier T, Leonardi F, Cohen E, Sommer P, Hardy D, Argy N, Massougbodji A, Del Nery E, Cottrell G, Kwon YJ, Genovesio A. Revealing invisible cell phenotypes with conditional generative modeling. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6386. [PMID: 37821450 PMCID: PMC10567685 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42124-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological sciences, drug discovery and medicine rely heavily on cell phenotype perturbation and microscope observation. However, most cellular phenotypic changes are subtle and thus hidden from us by natural cell variability: two cells in the same condition already look different. In this study, we show that conditional generative models can be used to transform an image of cells from any one condition to another, thus canceling cell variability. We visually and quantitatively validate that the principle of synthetic cell perturbation works on discernible cases. We then illustrate its effectiveness in displaying otherwise invisible cell phenotypes triggered by blood cells under parasite infection, or by the presence of a disease-causing pathological mutation in differentiated neurons derived from iPSCs, or by low concentration drug treatments. The proposed approach, easy to use and robust, opens the door to more accessible discovery of biological and disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Lamiable
- Computational Bioimaging and Bioinformatics, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, 46, rue d'Ulm, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Tiphaine Champetier
- Computational Bioimaging and Bioinformatics, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, 46, rue d'Ulm, 75005, Paris, France
- Ksilink, 16 rue d'Ankara, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Francesco Leonardi
- Computational Bioimaging and Bioinformatics, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, 46, rue d'Ulm, 75005, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Cité, MERIT, IRD, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Ethan Cohen
- Computational Bioimaging and Bioinformatics, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, 46, rue d'Ulm, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Peter Sommer
- Ksilink, 16 rue d'Ankara, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - David Hardy
- Histopathology Platform, Institut Pasteur, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Argy
- Université Paris-Cité, MERIT, IRD, F-75006, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, Hôpital Bichat-Claude bernard, APHP, Paris, France
| | | | - Elaine Del Nery
- Biophenics, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Department of Translational Research, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005, Paris, France
| | | | - Yong-Jun Kwon
- Ksilink, 16 rue d'Ankara, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
- Personalized Therapy Discovery, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Dudelange, Luxembourg.
| | - Auguste Genovesio
- Computational Bioimaging and Bioinformatics, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, 46, rue d'Ulm, 75005, Paris, France.
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Yefimova S, Onishchenko A, Klochkov V, Myasoedov V, Kot Y, Tryfonyuk L, Knigavko O, Maksimchuk P, Kökbaş U, Kalashnyk-Vakulenko Y, Arkatov A, Khanzhyn V, Prokopyuk V, Vyshnytska I, Tkachenko A. Rare-earth orthovanadate nanoparticles trigger Ca 2+-dependent eryptosis. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:205101. [PMID: 36780664 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acbb7f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Introduction. Rare-earth orthovanadate nanoparticles (ReVO4:Eu3+, Re = Gd, Y or La) are promising agents for photodynamic therapy of cancer due to their modifiable redox properties. However, their toxicity limits their application.Objective. The aim of this research was to elucidate pro-eryptotic effects of GdVO4:Eu3+and LaVO4:Eu3+nanoparticles with identification of underlying mechanisms of eryptosis induction and to determine their pharmacological potential in eryptosis-related diseases.Methods. Blood samples (n= 9) were incubated for 24 h with 0-10-20-40-80 mg l-1GdVO4:Eu3+or LaVO4:Eu3+nanoparticles, washed and used to prepare erythrocyte suspensions to analyze the cell membrane scrambling (annexin-V-FITC staining), cell shrinkage (forward scatter signaling), reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation through 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) staining and intracellular Ca2+levels via FLUO4 AM staining by flow cytometry. Internalization of europium-enabled luminescent GdVO4:Eu3+and LaVO4:Eu3+nanoparticles was assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy.Results.Both nanoparticles triggered eryptosis at concentrations of 80 mg l-1. ROS-mediated mechanisms were not involved in rare-earth orthovanadate nanoparticles-induced eryptosis. Elevated cytosolic Ca2+concentrations were revealed even at subtoxic concentrations of nanoparticles. LaVO4:Eu3+nanoparticles increased intracellular calcium levels in a more pronounced way compared with GdVO4:Eu3+nanoparticles. Our data disclose that the small-sized (15 nm) GdVO4:Eu3+nanoparticles were internalized after a 24 h incubation, while the large-sized (∼30 nm) LaVO4:Eu3+nanoparticles were localized preferentially around erythrocytes.Conclusions.Both internalized GdVO4:Eu3+and non-internalized LaVO4:Eu3+nanoparticles (80 mg l-1) promote eryptosis of erythrocytes after a 24 h exposurein vitrovia Ca2+signaling without involvement of oxidative stress. Eryptosis is a promising model for assessing nanotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Yefimova
- Institute for Scintillation Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 60 Nauky ave, 61072 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Anatolii Onishchenko
- Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Kharkiv National Medical University, 4 Nauky ave, 61022 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Vladimir Klochkov
- Institute for Scintillation Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 60 Nauky ave, 61072 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Valeriy Myasoedov
- Department of Medical Biology, Kharkiv National Medical University, 4 Nauky ave, 61022 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Yurii Kot
- Department of Biochemistry, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svobody sq, 61022 Kharkiv , Ukraine
| | - Liliya Tryfonyuk
- Institute of Health, National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, 11 Soborna st,33000 Rivne, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Knigavko
- Department of Urology, Nephrology and Andrology, Kharkiv National Medical University, 195 Moskovsky ave, 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Pavel Maksimchuk
- Institute for Scintillation Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 60 Nauky ave, 61072 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Umut Kökbaş
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli University, 2000 Evler Mah. Zübeyde Hanım Cad. 50300 / Nevşehir, Turkey
| | - Yuliia Kalashnyk-Vakulenko
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kharkiv National Medical University, 4 Nauky ave, 61022 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Andrii Arkatov
- Department of Urology, Nephrology and Andrology, Kharkiv National Medical University, 195 Moskovsky ave, 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Vladyslav Khanzhyn
- Department of Urology, Nephrology and Andrology, Kharkiv National Medical University, 195 Moskovsky ave, 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Prokopyuk
- Department of Cryobiochemistry, Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 23 Pereyaslavskaya st, 61015 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Iryna Vyshnytska
- Saint James School of Medicine, Albert Lake Drive, The Quarter, A-1 2640, Anguilla
| | - Anton Tkachenko
- Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Kharkiv National Medical University, 4 Nauky ave, 61022 Kharkiv, Ukraine
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Abstract
Eryptosis is a coordinated non-lytic cell death of erythrocytes characterized by cell shrinkage, cell membrane scrambling, Ca2+ influx, ceramide accumulation, oxidative stress, activation of calpain and caspases. Physiologically, it aims at removing damaged or aged erythrocytes from circulation. A plethora of diseases are associated with enhanced eryptosis, including metabolic diseases, cardiovascular pathology, renal and hepatic diseases, hematological disorders, systemic autoimmune pathology, and cancer. This makes eryptosis and eryptosis-regulating signaling pathways a target for therapeutic interventions. This review highlights the eryptotic signaling machinery containing several protein kinases and its small molecular inhibitors with a special emphasis on casein kinase 1α (CK1α), a serine/threonine protein kinase with a broad spectrum of activity. In this review article, we provide a critical analysis of the regulatory role of CK1α in eryptosis, highlight triggers of CK1α-mediated suicidal death of red blood cells, cover the knowledge gaps in understanding CK1α-driven eryptosis and discover the opportunity of CK1α-targeted pharmacological modulation of eryptosis. Moreover, we discuss the directions of future research focusing on uncovering crosstalks between CK1α and other eryptosis-regulating kinases and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Tkachenko
- Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Kharkiv National Medical University, 4 Nauky ave, 61022, Kharkiv, Ukraine.
| | - Anatolii Onishchenko
- Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Kharkiv National Medical University, 4 Nauky ave, 61022, Kharkiv, Ukraine
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Tkachenko A, Havránek O. Redox Status of Erythrocytes as an Important Factor in Eryptosis and Erythronecroptosis. Folia Biol (Praha) 2023; 69:116-126. [PMID: 38410969 DOI: 10.14712/fb2023069040116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Overall, reactive oxygen species (ROS) signalling significantly contributes to initiation and mo-dulation of multiple regulated cell death (RCD) pathways. Lately, more information has become available about RCD modalities of erythrocytes, including the role of ROS. ROS accumulation has therefore been increasingly recognized as a critical factor involved in eryptosis (apoptosis of erythrocytes) and erythro-necroptosis (necroptosis of erythrocytes). Eryptosis is a Ca2+-dependent apoptosis-like RCD of erythrocytes that occurs in response to oxidative stress, hyperosmolarity, ATP depletion, and a wide range of xenobiotics. Moreover, eryptosis seems to be involved in the pathogenesis of multiple human diseases and pathological processes. Several studies have reported that erythrocytes can also undergo necroptosis, a lytic RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL-mediated RCD. As an example, erythronecroptosis can occur in response to CD59-specific pore-forming toxins. We have systematically summarized available studies regarding the involvement of ROS and oxidative stress in these two distinct RCDs of erythrocytes. We have focused specifically on cellular signalling pathways involved in ROS-mediated cell death decisions in erythrocytes. Furthermore, we have summarized dysregulation of related erythrocytic antioxidant defence systems. The general concept of the ROS role in eryptotic and necroptotic cell death pathways in erythrocytes seems to be established. However, further studies are required to uncover the complex role of ROS in the crosstalk and interplay between the survival and RCDs of erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Tkachenko
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Havránek
- 1st Department of Medicine - Department of Haematology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic.
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic.
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Jacob SS, Lukose J, Bankapur A, Mithun N, Vani Lakshmi R, Acharya M, Rao P, Kamath A, Baby PM, Rao RK, Chidangil S. Micro-Raman spectroscopy study of optically trapped erythrocytes in malaria, dengue and leptospirosis infections. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:858776. [PMID: 36275819 PMCID: PMC9582609 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.858776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria, dengue and leptospirosis are three tropical infectious diseases that present with severe hematological derangement causing significant morbidity and mortality, especially during the seasonal monsoons. During the course of these infectious diseases, circulating red blood cells are imperiled to the direct ill-effects of the infectious pathogen in the body as well as to the pro-inflammatory cytokines generated as a consequence of the infection. RBCs when exposed to such inflammatory and/or pathogenic milieu are susceptible to injuries such as RBC programmed eryptosis or RBC programmed necrosis. This research aimed to explore the Raman spectra of live red cells that were extracted from patients infected with malaria, dengue, and leptospirosis. Red cells were optically trapped and micro-Raman probed using a 785 nm Diode laser. RBCs from samples of all three diseases displayed Raman signatures that were significantly altered from the normal/healthy. Distinct spectral markers that were common across all the four groups were obtained from various standardized multivariate analytical methods. Following comprehensive examination of multiple studies, we propose these spectral wavenumbers as "Raman markers of RBC injury." Findings in our study display that anemia-triggering infections can inflict variations in the healthy status of red cells, easily identifiable by selectively analyzing specific Raman markers. Additionally, this study also highlights relevant statistical tools that can be utilized to study Raman spectral data from biological samples which could help identify the very significant Raman peaks from the spectral band. This approach of RBC analysis can foster a better understanding of red cell behavior and their alterations exhibited in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanu Susan Jacob
- Department of Physiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India,*Correspondence: Sanu Susan Jacob,
| | - Jijo Lukose
- Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Aseefhali Bankapur
- Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - N. Mithun
- Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - R. Vani Lakshmi
- Department of Data Science, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Mahendra Acharya
- Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Pragna Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Asha Kamath
- Department of Data Science, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Prathap M. Baby
- Department of Physiology, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Raghavendra K. Rao
- Department of Physiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Santhosh Chidangil
- Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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