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Bi Y, Li T, Zhang S, Yang Y, Dong M. Bioinformatics-based analysis of the dialog between COVID-19 and RSA. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30371. [PMID: 38737245 PMCID: PMC11088317 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 in early pregnancy may face an increased risk of miscarriage due to immune imbalance at the maternal-fetal interface. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between COVID-19 infection and recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) remain poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate the transcriptomic molecular dialog between COVID-19 and RSA. Based on bioinformatics analysis, 307 common differentially expressed genes were found between COVID-19 (GSE171110) and RSA (GSE165004). Common DEGs were mainly enriched in ribosome-related and cell cycle-related signaling pathways. Using degree algorithm, the top 10 hub genes (RPS27A, RPL5, RPS8, RPL4, RPS2, RPL30, RPL23A, RPL31, RPL26, RPL37A) were selected from the common DEGs based on their scores. The results of the qPCR were in general agreement with the results of the raw letter analysis. The top 10 candidate drugs were also selected based on P-values. In this study, we provide molecular markers, signaling pathways, and small molecule compounds that may associate COVID-19. These findings may increase the accurate diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Bi
- Guangxi Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530000, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530000, China
- The Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Guangxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Ting Li
- Guangxi Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530000, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530000, China
- The Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Guangxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, China
| | - Yihua Yang
- Guangxi Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530000, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530000, China
- The Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Guangxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Mingyou Dong
- Guangxi Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530000, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology (For Hepatobiliary Diseases) of Guangxi, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, China
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van Baar JAC, Kostova EB, Allotey J, Thangaratinam S, Zamora JR, Bonet M, Kim CR, Mofenson LM, Kunst H, Khalil A, van Leeuwen E, Keijzer J, Strikwerda M, Clark B, Verschuuren M, Coomarasamy A, Goddijn M, van Wely M. COVID-19 in pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis on the risk and prevalence of pregnancy loss. Hum Reprod Update 2024; 30:133-152. [PMID: 38016805 PMCID: PMC10905512 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmad030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnant women infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are more likely to experience preterm birth and their neonates are more likely to be stillborn or admitted to a neonatal unit. The World Health Organization declared in May 2023 an end to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic as a global health emergency. However, pregnant women are still becoming infected with SARS-CoV-2 and there is limited information available regarding the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection in early pregnancy on pregnancy outcomes. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE We conducted this systematic review to determine the prevalence of early pregnancy loss in women with SARS-Cov-2 infection and compare the risk to pregnant women without SARS-CoV-2 infection. SEARCH METHODS Our systematic review is based on a prospectively registered protocol. The search of PregCov19 consortium was supplemented with an extra electronic search specifically on pregnancy loss in pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 up to 10 March 2023 in PubMed, Google Scholar, and LitCovid. We included retrospective and prospective studies of pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection, provided that they contained information on pregnancy losses in the first and/or second trimester. Primary outcome was miscarriage defined as a pregnancy loss before 20 weeks of gestation, however, studies that reported loss up to 22 or 24 weeks were also included. Additionally, we report on studies that defined the pregnancy loss to occur at the first and/or second trimester of pregnancy without specifying gestational age, and for second trimester miscarriage only when the study presented stillbirths and/or foetal losses separately from miscarriages. Data were stratified into first and second trimester. Secondary outcomes were ectopic pregnancy (any extra-uterine pregnancy), and termination of pregnancy. At least three researchers independently extracted the data and assessed study quality. We calculated odds ratios (OR) and risk differences (RDs) with corresponding 95% CI and pooled the data using random effects meta-analysis. To estimate risk prevalence, we performed meta-analysis on proportions. Heterogeneity was assessed by I2. OUTCOMES We included 120 studies comprising a total of 168 444 pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection; of which 18 233 women were in their first or second trimester of pregnancy. Evidence level was considered to be of low to moderate certainty, mostly owing to selection bias. We did not find evidence of an association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and miscarriage (OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.81-1.48; I2 = 0.0%; RD 0.0012, 95% CI -0.0103 to 0.0127; I2 = 0%; 9 studies, 4439 women). Miscarriage occurred in 9.9% (95% CI 6.2-14.0%; I2 = 68%; 46 studies, 1797 women) of the women with SARS CoV-2 infection in their first trimester and in 1.2% (95% CI 0.3-2.4%; I2 = 34%; 33 studies; 3159 women) in the second trimester. The proportion of ectopic pregnancies in women with SARS-CoV-2 infection was 1.4% (95% CI 0.02-4.2%; I2 = 66%; 14 studies, 950 women). Termination of pregnancy occurred in 0.6% of the women (95% CI 0.01-1.6%; I2 = 79%; 39 studies; 1166 women). WIDER IMPLICATIONS Our study found no indication that SARS-CoV-2 infection in the first or second trimester increases the risk of miscarriages. To provide better risk estimates, well-designed studies are needed that include pregnant women with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection at conception and early pregnancy and consider the association of clinical manifestation and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection with pregnancy loss, as well as potential confounding factors such as previous pregnancy loss. For clinical practice, pregnant women should still be advised to take precautions to avoid risk of SARS-CoV-2 exposure and receive SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janneke A C van Baar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elena B Kostova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cochrane Gynaecology and Fertility Satellite, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John Allotey
- Birmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Shakila Thangaratinam
- Birmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Global Women’s Health, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Javier R Zamora
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Global Women’s Health, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Clinical Biostatistics Unit, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Bonet
- UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Caron Rahn Kim
- UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Heinke Kunst
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Elisabeth van Leeuwen
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Women and Childrens Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julia Keijzer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marije Strikwerda
- Department Vrouw & Baby, Utrecht UMC, location University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bethany Clark
- Department Vrouw & Baby, Utrecht UMC, location University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maxime Verschuuren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arri Coomarasamy
- Birmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Tommy's Centre for Miscarriage Research, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mariëtte Goddijn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Madelon van Wely
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cochrane Gynaecology and Fertility Satellite, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Chrysanthopoulos I, Potiris A, Drakaki E, Mavrogianni D, Machairiotis N, Zarogoulidis P, Karampitsakos T, Machairoudias P, Vrachnis D, Panagopoulos P, Drakakis P, Stavros S. Association between COVID-19 Infection and Miscarriages, What We Really Know? Diseases 2023; 11:173. [PMID: 38131979 PMCID: PMC10742925 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11040173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is a modern worldwide pandemic that affected and continues to affect millions of people around the world. Since the discovery that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the binding site for COVID-19 to achieve cell entry, there has been a continuous debate about the effect of COVID-19 infection in first and second trimester abortions. The aim of this review is to investigate the impact of COVID-19 infection on the incidence of miscarriage. Furthermore, we seek to identify potential pathophysiological mechanisms of early pregnancy loss present in infected women. METHODS A literature review was conducted on different databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Ovid, Science Direct, Scopus, and Cochrane library, between 1 January 2020 and 31 August 2023. A total of 364 articles were identified and 32 articles were ultimately included in the review. RESULTS There are several case studies that provide evidence that early pregnancy loss is associated with COVID-19 infection. These findings are not further confirmed by the majority of systematic reviews and meta-analyses, which demonstrate that the total number of miscarriages do not differ significantly between infected and non-infected groups. Furthermore, there are also case reports that associate COVID-19 infection with late second trimester abortions. CONCLUSIONS Given that the virus persists globally, it is important to gain a better understanding of its associated risks in the reproductive process, and larger, more homogeneous, and controlled studies are required to obtain more robust data that can be meta-analyzed to obtain an overview of this potential relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Chrysanthopoulos
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandra Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 28 Athens, Greece; (I.C.); (E.D.); (D.M.); (P.D.)
| | - Anastasios Potiris
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University General Hospital “ATTIKON”, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 124 62 Athens, Greece; (N.M.); (T.K.); (P.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Eirini Drakaki
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandra Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 28 Athens, Greece; (I.C.); (E.D.); (D.M.); (P.D.)
| | - Despoina Mavrogianni
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandra Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 28 Athens, Greece; (I.C.); (E.D.); (D.M.); (P.D.)
| | - Nikolaos Machairiotis
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University General Hospital “ATTIKON”, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 124 62 Athens, Greece; (N.M.); (T.K.); (P.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Paul Zarogoulidis
- Pulmonary Department, General Clinic Euromedica, 544 54 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Theodoros Karampitsakos
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University General Hospital “ATTIKON”, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 124 62 Athens, Greece; (N.M.); (T.K.); (P.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Pavlos Machairoudias
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University General Hospital “ATTIKON”, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 124 62 Athens, Greece; (N.M.); (T.K.); (P.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Dionysios Vrachnis
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
| | - Periklis Panagopoulos
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University General Hospital “ATTIKON”, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 124 62 Athens, Greece; (N.M.); (T.K.); (P.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Peter Drakakis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandra Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 28 Athens, Greece; (I.C.); (E.D.); (D.M.); (P.D.)
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University General Hospital “ATTIKON”, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 124 62 Athens, Greece; (N.M.); (T.K.); (P.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Sofoklis Stavros
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University General Hospital “ATTIKON”, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 124 62 Athens, Greece; (N.M.); (T.K.); (P.M.); (S.S.)
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Lee JH, Ahn EH, Kwon MJ, Ryu CS, Ha YH, Ko EJ, Lee JY, Hwang JY, Kim JH, Kim YR, Kim NK. Genetic Correlation of miRNA Polymorphisms and STAT3 Signaling Pathway with Recurrent Implantation Failure in the Korean Population. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16794. [PMID: 38069116 PMCID: PMC10706094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing prevalence of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer procedures has resulted in an increased incidence of recurrent implantation failure (RIF), necessitating focused research in this area. STAT3, a key factor in maternal endometrial remodeling and stromal proliferation, is crucial for successful embryo implantation. While the relationship between STAT3 and RIF has been studied, the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNAs, well-characterized gene expression modulators, on STAT3 in RIF cases remains uncharacterized. Here, we investigated 161 RIF patients and 268 healthy control subjects in the Korean population, analyzing the statistical association between miRNA genetic variants and RIF risk. We aimed to determine whether SNPs in specific miRNAs, namely miR-218-2 rs11134527 G>A, miR-34a rs2666433 G>A, miR-34a rs6577555 C>A, and miR-130a rs731384 G>A, were significantly associated with RIF risk. We identified a significant association between miR-34a rs6577555 C>A and RIF prevalence (implantation failure [IF] ≥ 2: adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.264, 95% CI = 1.007-5.092, p = 0.048). These findings suggest that miR-34a rs6577555 C>A may contribute to an increased susceptibility to RIF. However, further investigations are necessary to elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying the role of miR-34a rs6577555 C>A in RIF. This study sheds light on the genetic and molecular factors underlying RIF, offering new avenues for research and potential advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of this complex condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea; (J.H.L.); (M.J.K.); (C.S.R.); (Y.H.H.); (E.J.K.); (J.Y.L.)
| | - Eun Hee Ahn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Republic of Korea; (E.H.A.); (J.H.K.)
| | - Min Jung Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea; (J.H.L.); (M.J.K.); (C.S.R.); (Y.H.H.); (E.J.K.); (J.Y.L.)
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Chang Su Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea; (J.H.L.); (M.J.K.); (C.S.R.); (Y.H.H.); (E.J.K.); (J.Y.L.)
| | - Yong Hyun Ha
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea; (J.H.L.); (M.J.K.); (C.S.R.); (Y.H.H.); (E.J.K.); (J.Y.L.)
| | - Eun Ju Ko
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea; (J.H.L.); (M.J.K.); (C.S.R.); (Y.H.H.); (E.J.K.); (J.Y.L.)
| | - Jeong Yong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea; (J.H.L.); (M.J.K.); (C.S.R.); (Y.H.H.); (E.J.K.); (J.Y.L.)
| | - Ji Young Hwang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fertility Center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul 06135, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ji Hyang Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Republic of Korea; (E.H.A.); (J.H.K.)
| | - Young Ran Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Republic of Korea; (E.H.A.); (J.H.K.)
| | - Nam Keun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea; (J.H.L.); (M.J.K.); (C.S.R.); (Y.H.H.); (E.J.K.); (J.Y.L.)
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Motamed S, Anari R, Motamed S, Amani R. Vitamin D and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress among pregnant women: a systematic review of observational studies. BMC Immunol 2023; 24:41. [PMID: 37891486 PMCID: PMC10612223 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-023-00577-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to map the evidence evaluated the relationship between vitamin D and redox and inflammatory status during gestation. METHODS Three databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science (WoS)) and reference list of included documents were searched for related observational studies published until 2nd October 2023. To determine the quality of the selected observational studies, the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used. RESULTS After a primary search of three databases, 19492records were appeared. When duplicates and irrelevant documents were removed, 14 articles were found to have eligible criteria. The design of the identified studies was cross-sectional, case-control and cohort. Evidence showed an adverse association between 25(OH)D and the biomarkers of inflammation, such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor- alfa (TNF-α) during pregnancy. On the contrary, some studies represented that 25(OH)D positively correlated with hs-CRP in the cord blood. One study suggested a direct association between serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and Interleukin-8 (IL-8), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP), and TNF-α levels in mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). A case-control study showed that lower serum concentration of 25(OH)D positively correlated with total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels in participants. CONCLUSIONS Evidence confirmed the supposition of the direct relationship between vitamin D levels and biomarkers with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. However, the Existence of inconsistent evidence confirms the need for further studies in mothers with GDM and hypertensive disorders. PROSPERO REGISTRATION CODE CRD42020202600.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Razieh Anari
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Motamed
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Amani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Alves de Araujo Junior D, Motta F, Fernandes GM, Castro MECD, Sasaki LMP, Luna LP, Rodrigues TS, Kurizky PS, Soares AADSM, Nobrega ODT, Espindola LS, Zaconeta AM, Gomes CM, Martins-Filho OA, de Albuquerque CP, da Mota LMH. Neuroimaging assessment of pediatric cerebral changes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1194114. [PMID: 37292371 PMCID: PMC10244818 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1194114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 infection and perinatal neurologic outcomes are still not fully understood. However, there is recent evidence of white matter disease and impaired neurodevelopment in newborns following maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection. These appear to occur as a consequence of both direct viral effects and a systemic inflammatory response, with glial cell/myelin involvement and regional hypoxia/microvascular dysfunction. We sought to characterize the consequences of maternal and fetal inflammatory states in the central nervous system of newborns following maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods We conducted a longitudinal prospective cohort study from June 2020 to December 2021, with follow-up of newborns born to mothers exposed or not exposed to SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. Brain analysis included data from cranial ultrasound scans (CUS) with grayscale, Doppler studies (color and spectral), and ultrasound-based brain elastography (shear-wave mode) in specific regions of interest (ROIs): deep white matter, superficial white matter, corpus callosum, basal ganglia, and cortical gray matter. Brain elastography was used to estimate brain parenchymal stiffness, which is an indirect quantifier of cerebral myelin tissue content. Results A total of 219 single-pregnancy children were enrolled, including 201 born to mothers exposed to SARS-CoV-2 infection and 18 from unexposed controls. A neuroimaging evaluation was performed at 6 months of adjusted chronological age and revealed 18 grayscale and 21 Doppler abnormalities. Predominant findings were hyperechogenicity of deep brain white matter and basal ganglia (caudate nuclei/thalamus) and a reduction in the resistance and pulsatility indices of intracranial arterial flow. The anterior brain circulation (middle cerebral and pericallosal arteries) displayed a wider range of flow variation than the posterior circulation (basilar artery). Shear-wave US elastography analysis showed a reduction in stiffness values in the SARS-CoV-2 exposed group in all analyzed regions of interest, especially in the deep white matter elasticity coefficients (3.98 ± 0.62) compared to the control group (7.76 ± 0.77); p-value < 0.001. Conclusion This study further characterizes pediatric structural encephalic changes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. The maternal infection has been shown to be related to cerebral deep white matter predominant involvement, with regional hyperechogenicity and reduction of elasticity coefficients, suggesting zonal impairment of myelin content. Morphologic findings may be subtle, and functional studies such as Doppler and elastography may be valuable tools to more accurately identify infants at risk of neurologic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Alves de Araujo Junior
- Department of Medicine, University of Brasilia (UnB), Brasilia, Brazil
- Hospital Universitario de Brasília (HUB), Brasilia, Brazil
- Medical Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Felipe Motta
- Department of Medicine, University of Brasilia (UnB), Brasilia, Brazil
- Hospital Universitario de Brasília (HUB), Brasilia, Brazil
- Medical Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Magela Fernandes
- Department of Medicine, University of Brasilia (UnB), Brasilia, Brazil
- Hospital Universitario de Brasília (HUB), Brasilia, Brazil
- Medical Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda Canellas De Castro
- Department of Medicine, University of Brasilia (UnB), Brasilia, Brazil
- Hospital Universitario de Brasília (HUB), Brasilia, Brazil
- Medical Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Lizandra Moura Paravidine Sasaki
- Department of Medicine, University of Brasilia (UnB), Brasilia, Brazil
- Hospital Universitario de Brasília (HUB), Brasilia, Brazil
- Medical Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Licia Pacheco Luna
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Patricia Shu Kurizky
- Department of Medicine, University of Brasilia (UnB), Brasilia, Brazil
- Hospital Universitario de Brasília (HUB), Brasilia, Brazil
- Medical Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Ciro Martins Gomes
- Department of Medicine, University of Brasilia (UnB), Brasilia, Brazil
- Hospital Universitario de Brasília (HUB), Brasilia, Brazil
- Medical Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | - Cleandro Pires de Albuquerque
- Department of Medicine, University of Brasilia (UnB), Brasilia, Brazil
- Hospital Universitario de Brasília (HUB), Brasilia, Brazil
- Medical Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Licia Maria Henrique da Mota
- Department of Medicine, University of Brasilia (UnB), Brasilia, Brazil
- Hospital Universitario de Brasília (HUB), Brasilia, Brazil
- Medical Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
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Butera A, Maiorani C, Morandini A, Trombini J, Simonini M, Ogliari C, Scribante A. Periodontitis in Pregnant Women: A Possible Link to Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11101372. [PMID: 37239657 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11101372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis develops in 11% of pregnant women, and it is independently linked to severe complications during pregnancy such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and gestational diabetes. METHODS A literature search (Pubmed/MEDLINE, and Scopus) from 2003 to 2023 was conducted to analyze studies focused on periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS 16 articles have been included. Most of the studies showed adverse outcomes, like preterm birth and the low weight of the unborn child, are among the most frequent consequences (respectively 62.5% and 68.7% of articles); pre-eclampsia is also linked to this condition (12.5% of articles); and perinatal mortality (12.5% of articles). CONCLUSIONS Periodontal disease appears to be associated with adverse events in pregnancy due to the transport of biofilm bacteria into the bloodstream and into placental tissue; what would cause adverse events is the body's immune response to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Butera
- Unit of Dental Hygiene, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Carolina Maiorani
- Unit of Dental Hygiene, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Julia Trombini
- Member Association: "Mamme & Igieniste", 24125 Bergamo, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Scribante
- Unit of Dental Hygiene, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Unit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Long J, Huang Y, Wang G, Tang Z, Shan Y, Shen S, Ni X. Mitochondrial ROS Accumulation Contributes to Maternal Hypertension and Impaired Remodeling of Spiral Artery but Not IUGR in a Rat PE Model Caused by Maternal Glucocorticoid Exposure. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12050987. [PMID: 37237853 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12050987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased maternal glucocorticoid levels have been implicated as a risk factor for preeclampsia (PE) development. We found that pregnant rats exposed to dexamethasone (DEX) showed hallmarks of PE features, impaired spiral artery (SA) remodeling, and elevated circulatory levels of sFlt1, sEng IL-1β, and TNFα. Abnormal mitochondrial morphology and mitochondrial dysfunction in placentas occurred in DEX rats. Omics showed that a large spectrum of placental signaling pathways, including oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), energy metabolism, inflammation, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system were affected in DEX rats. MitoTEMPO, a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, alleviated maternal hypertension and renal damage, and improved SA remodeling, uteroplacental blood flow, and the placental vasculature network. It reversed several pathways, including OXPHOS and glutathione pathways. Moreover, DEX-induced impaired functions of human extravillous trophoblasts were associated with excess ROS caused by mitochondrial dysfunction. However, scavenging excess ROS did not improve intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), and elevated circulatory sFlt1, sEng, IL-1β, and TNFα levels in DEX rats. Our data indicate that excess mitochondrial ROS contributes to trophoblast dysfunction, impaired SA remodeling, reduced uteroplacental blood flow, and maternal hypertension in the DEX-induced PE model, while increased sFlt1 and sEng levels and IUGR might be associated with inflammation and an impaired energy metabolism and IGF system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Long
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Medical Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Physiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhengshan Tang
- National International Joint Research Center for Medical Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yali Shan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Medical Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Shiping Shen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Medical Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xin Ni
- National International Joint Research Center for Medical Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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Perna A, Tani A, Sellitto C, Marini M, La Verde M, De Luca A, Guerra G, Lucariello A, Manetti M, Sgambati E. Sialylation status in placentas from pregnancies with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Tissue Cell 2023; 82:102074. [PMID: 36948081 PMCID: PMC10019918 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent investigations suggest the potential negative impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on pregnant women and pregnancy outcome. In addition, some studies have described pathological changes in the placental tissue of SARS-CoV-2-positive mothers, which are related or not to the infection severity and/or infection trimester. Among the various molecules involved in the normal structure and functionality of the placenta, sialic acids (Sias) seem to play an important role. Hence, we aimed to investigate possible changes in the distribution and content of Sias with different glycosidic linkages, namely α2,3 and α2,6 Galactose- or N-acetyl-Galactosamine-linked Sias and polymeric Sia (PolySia), in placentas from pregnant women infected by SARS-CoV-2 during the three different pregnancy trimesters. METHODS α2,3 and α2,6 Galactose-linked Sias were evaluated by lectin histochemistry (Maackia amurensis agglutinin (MAA) and Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA), respectively), while immunohistochemistry was used for PolySia detection. RESULTS Data showed lower levels of α2,3 Galactose-linked Sias in the trophoblast and underlying basement membrane/basal plasma membrane in placentas from women infected during the second and third infection trimester compared with uninfected cases and those infected during first trimester. On the other hand, higher levels of PolySia were detected in the trophoblast during the second and third infection trimester. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that changes in the sialylation status of trophoblast and its basement membrane/basal plasma membrane, together with other concomitant factors, could be at the basis of the most common placental histopathological alterations and gestational complications found especially in pregnancies with SARS-CoV-2 infection during the second and third trimester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Perna
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Alessia Tani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, Imaging Platform, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Carmine Sellitto
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Mirca Marini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, Imaging Platform, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Marco La Verde
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio De Luca
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Germano Guerra
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Angela Lucariello
- Department of Sport Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
| | - Mirko Manetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, Imaging Platform, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Eleonora Sgambati
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche (Isernia), Italy.
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Kienast P, Prayer D, Binder J, Prayer F, Dekan S, Langthaler E, Sigl B, Eichinger S, Perkmann-Nagele N, Stuempflen I, Stuempflen M, Schirwani N, Pateisky P, Mitter C, Kasprian G. SARS-CoV-2 variant-related abnormalities detected by prenatal MRI: a prospective case-control study. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. EUROPE 2023; 26:100587. [PMID: 36713638 PMCID: PMC9860502 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background There are known complications for fetuses after infection with SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy. However, previous studies of SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy have largely been limited to histopathologic studies of placentas and prenatal studies on the effects of different SARS-CoV-2 variants are scarce to date. To examine the effects of SARS-CoV-2 variants on the placenta and fetus, we investigated fetal and extra-fetal structures using prenatal MRI. Methods For this prospective case-control study, two obstetric centers consecutively referred pregnant women for prenatal MRI after confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thirty-eight prenatal MRI examinations were included after confirmed infection with SARS-CoV-2 and matched 1:1 with 38 control cases with respect to sex, MRI field strength, and gestational age (average deviation 1.76 ± 1.65, median 1.5 days). Where available, the pathohistological examination and vaccination status of the placenta was included in the analysis. In prenatal MRI, the shape and thickness of the placenta, possible lobulation, and vascular lesions were quantified. Fetuses were scanned for organ or brain abnormalities. Findings Of the 38 included cases after SARS-CoV-2 infection, 20/38 (52.6%) were infected with pre-Omicron variants and 18/38 (47.4%) with Omicron. Prenatal MRIs were performed on an average of 83 days (±42.9, median 80) days after the first positive PCR test. Both pre-Omicron (P = .008) and Omicron (P = .016) groups showed abnormalities in form of a globular placenta compared to control cases. In addition, placentas in the pre-Omicron group were significantly thickened (6.35, 95% CI .02-12.65, P = .048), and showed significantly more frequent lobules (P = .046), and hemorrhages (P = .002). Fetal growth restriction (FGR) was observed in 25% (n = 5/20, P = .017) in the pre-Omicron group. Interpretation SARS-CoV-2 infections in pregnancy can lead to placental lesions based on vascular events, which can be well visualized on prenatal MRI. Pre-Omicron variants cause greater damage than Omicron sub-lineages in this regard. Funding Vienna Science and Technology Fund.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patric Kienast
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Prayer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Binder
- Department of Obstetrics and Feto-Maternal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Prayer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Dekan
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Langthaler
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin Sigl
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Eichinger
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Ingrid Stuempflen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlene Stuempflen
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nawa Schirwani
- Department of Obstetrics and Feto-Maternal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Pateisky
- Department of Obstetrics and Feto-Maternal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Mitter
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Kasprian
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Corresponding author. Universitätsklinik für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Austria
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Placental Characteristics of a Large Italian Cohort of SARS-CoV-2-Positive Pregnant Women. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071435. [PMID: 35889153 PMCID: PMC9317507 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The variety of placental morphological findings with SARS-CoV-2 maternal infections has raised the issue of poor agreement in histopathological evaluation. The aims of this study were: to describe the histopathological placental features of a large sample of SARS-CoV-2-positive women who gave birth in Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic, to analyse the factors underlying these lesions, and to analyse the impact of placental impairment on perinatal outcomes. From 25 February 2020 to 30 June 2021, experienced perinatal pathologists examined 975 placentas of SARS-CoV-2-positive mothers enrolled in a national prospective study, adopting the Amsterdam Consensus Statement protocol. The main results included the absence of specific pathological findings for SARS-CoV-2 infections, even though a high proportion of placentas showed signs of inflammation, possibly related to a cytokine storm induced by the virus, without significant perinatal consequences. Further research is needed to better define the clinical implications of placental morphology in SARS-CoV-2 infections, but the results of this large cohort suggest that placentas do not seem to be a preferential target for the new Coronavirus infection.
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