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Henningsen K, Martinez I, Costa RJS. Exertional Stress-induced Pathogenic Luminal Content Translocation - Friend or Foe? Int J Sports Med 2024; 45:559-571. [PMID: 38286406 DOI: 10.1055/a-2235-1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
The incidence of perturbed gastrointestinal integrity, as well as resulting systemic immune responses and gastrointestinal symptoms, otherwise known as exercised-induced gastrointestinal syndrome (EIGS), is common among individuals who partake in prolonged exercise. EIGS may cause the translocation of pathogenic material, including whole bacteria and bacterial endotoxins, from the lumen into circulation, which may progress into clinical consequences such as sepsis, and potentially subsequent fatality. However, further investigation is warranted to assess the possibility of food allergen and/or digestive enzyme luminal to circulatory translocation in response to exercise, and the clinical consequences. Findings from this narrative literature review demonstrate evidence that whole bacteria and bacterial endotoxins translocation from the gastrointestinal lumen to systemic circulation occurs in response to exercise stress, with a greater propensity of translocation occurring with accompanying heat exposure. It has also been demonstrated that food allergens can translocate from the lumen to systemic circulation in response to exercise stress and initiate anaphylaxis. To date, no research investigating the effect of exercise on the translocation of digestive enzymes from the lumen into systemic circulation exists. It is evident that EIGS and consequential pathogenic translocation presents life-threatening clinical implications, warranting the development and implementation of effective management strategies in at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Henningsen
- Nutrition Dietetics & Food, Monash University Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Notting Hill, Australia
| | - Isabel Martinez
- Nutrition Dietetics & Food, Monash University Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Notting Hill, Australia
| | - Ricardo J S Costa
- Nutrition Dietetics & Food, Monash University Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Notting Hill, Australia
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2
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Vilardi A, Przyborski S, Mobbs C, Rufini A, Tufarelli C. Current understanding of the interplay between extracellular matrix remodelling and gut permeability in health and disease. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:258. [PMID: 38802341 PMCID: PMC11130177 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02015-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestinal wall represents an interactive network regulated by the intestinal epithelium, extracellular matrix (ECM) and mesenchymal compartment. Under healthy physiological conditions, the epithelium undergoes constant renewal and forms an integral and selective barrier. Following damage, the healthy epithelium is restored via a series of signalling pathways that result in remodelling of the scaffolding tissue through finely-regulated proteolysis of the ECM by proteases such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). However, chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, as occurs in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), is associated with prolonged disruption of the epithelial barrier and persistent damage to the intestinal mucosa. Increased barrier permeability exhibits distinctive signatures of inflammatory, immunological and ECM components, accompanied by increased ECM proteolytic activity. This narrative review aims to bring together the current knowledge of the interplay between gut barrier, immune and ECM features in health and disease, discussing the role of barrier permeability as a discriminant between homoeostasis and IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Vilardi
- Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Przyborski
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Mobbs
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Rufini
- Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX, United Kingdom.
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, 20133, Italy.
| | - Cristina Tufarelli
- Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX, United Kingdom.
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3
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Chen Y, Feng S, Li Y, Zhang C, Chao G, Zhang S. Gut microbiota and intestinal immunity-A crosstalk in irritable bowel syndrome. Immunology 2024; 172:1-20. [PMID: 38174581 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), one of the most prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorders, is characterized by recurrent abdominal pain and abnormal defecation habits, resulting in a severe healthcare burden worldwide. The pathophysiological mechanisms of IBS are multi-factorially involved, including food antigens, visceral hypersensitivity reactions, and the brain-gut axis. Numerous studies have found that gut microbiota and intestinal mucosal immunity play an important role in the development of IBS in crosstalk with multiple mechanisms. Therefore, based on existing evidence, this paper elaborates that the damage and activation of intestinal mucosal immunity and the disturbance of gut microbiota are closely related to the progression of IBS. Combined with the application prospect, it also provides references for further in-depth exploration and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuyan Feng
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanqun Chao
- Department of General Practice, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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4
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Yang Q, Jia B, Shang J, Wang X, Xu L, Liu X, Fang M, Zeng F, Zeng HL, Gong Z. Effects of rosmarinic acid on immune response and intestinal microbiota in ovalbumin-induced intestinal allergy mice. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:3002-3012. [PMID: 38053408 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rosmarinic acid (RA) is an active polyphenol that is widely found in various edible herbs. This study explored the potential anti-allergic activities and the underlying mechanisms of RA in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced intestinal allergic mice. RESULTS Forty female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups: control group, model group (OVA sensitized/challenged), RA-Low group (OVA sensitized/challenged, 30 mg kg-1 RA intervention), RA-Middle group (OVA sensitized/challenged, 90 mg kg-1 RA intervention) and RA-High group (OVA sensitized/challenged, 270 mg kg-1 RA intervention). RA effectively attenuated allergic reactions, including alleviating allergic symptoms and regulating the hypothermia of mice in the model group. Moreover, the anaphylactic mediator (OVA-specific IgE, histamine and mMCP-1) levels of OVA allergic mice were markedly decreased after RA intervention. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that RA significantly inhibited Th2 cytokine expression, while Th1 and Treg cytokines were markedly increased. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that RA effectively regulated the richness and diversity of the intestinal microbiota in OVA allergic mice. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio were altered by RA intervention. At the genus level, RA was found to regulate the disturbances in the relative abundance of Muribaculaceae, Lactobacillus and Prevotella. CONCLUSION RA exhibited potential anti-allergic activity in OVA allergic mice by regulating hypersensitive immune responses and the intestinal microbiota structure. These results provide important evidence that RA can be developed into a novel functional food-derived ingredient against food allergy. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yang
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
- Food Safety Research Center, Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Binmei Jia
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
- Food Safety Research Center, Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Jieli Shang
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
- Food Safety Research Center, Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuanpei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
- Food Safety Research Center, Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
- Food Safety Research Center, Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
- Food Safety Research Center, Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Fang
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
- Food Safety Research Center, Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Fengbo Zeng
- Wuhan BioCSi Tech Laboratory Co. Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao-Long Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiyong Gong
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
- Food Safety Research Center, Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
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Abstract
The remarkable diversity of lymphocytes, essential components of the immune system, serves as an ingenious mechanism for maximizing the efficient utilization of limited host defense resources. While cell adhesion molecules, notably in gut-tropic T cells, play a central role in this mechanism, the counterbalancing molecular details have remained elusive. Conversely, we've uncovered the molecular pathways enabling extracellular vesicles secreted by lymphocytes to reach the gut's mucosal tissues, facilitating immunological regulation. This discovery sheds light on immune fine-tuning, offering insights into immune regulation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunari Matsuzaka
- Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Administrative Section of Radiation Protection, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Ryu Yashiro
- Administrative Section of Radiation Protection, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Higashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Shichkin VP, Kurchenko OV, Okhotnikova EN, Chopyak VV, Delfino DV. Enterosorbents in complex therapy of food allergies: a focus on digestive disorders and systemic toxicity in children. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1210481. [PMID: 37901242 PMCID: PMC10611465 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1210481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The review analyzes mechanisms and concomitant factors in developing IgE-associated allergic diseases provoked by food allergens and discusses clinical symptoms and current approaches for the treatment of food allergies. The expediency of using enterosorbents in complex therapy of food allergies and skin and respiratory manifestations associated with gastroenterological disorders is substantiated. The review summarizes the experience of using enterosorbents in post-Soviet countries to detoxify the human body. In this regard, special attention is paid to the enterosorbent White Coal (Carbowhite) based on silicon dioxide produced by the Ukrainian company OmniFarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena N. Okhotnikova
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Allergology, Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Valentyna V. Chopyak
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Domenico V. Delfino
- Master in Musculoskeletal and Rheumatological Physiotherapy, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Liu M, Lau CYJ, Cabello IT, Garssen J, Willemsen LEM, Hennink WE, van Nostrum CF. Live Cell Imaging by Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Fluorescence to Study Trafficking of PLGA Nanoparticles and the Release of a Loaded Peptide in Dendritic Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:818. [PMID: 37375766 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that a selected β-lactoglobulin-derived peptide (BLG-Pep) loaded in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles protected mice against cow's milk allergy development. However, the mechanism(s) responsible for the interaction of the peptide-loaded PLGA nanoparticles with dendritic cells (DCs) and their intracellular fate was/were elusive. Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), a distance-dependent non-radioactive energy transfer process mediated from a donor to an acceptor fluorochrome, was used to investigate these processes. The ratio of the donor (Cyanine-3)-conjugated peptide and acceptor (Cyanine-5) labeled PLGA nanocarrier was fine-tuned for optimal (87%) FRET efficiency. The colloidal stability and FRET emission of prepared NPs were maintained upon 144 h incubation in PBS buffer and 6 h incubation in biorelevant simulated gastric fluid at 37 °C. A total of 73% of Pep-Cy3 NP was internalized by DCs as quantified using flow cytometry and confirmed using confocal fluorescence microscopy. By real-time monitoring of the change in the FRET signal of the internalized peptide-loaded nanoparticles, we observed prolonged retention (for 96 h) of the nanoparticles-encapsulated peptide as compared to 24 h retention of the free peptide in the DCs. The prolonged retention and intracellular antigen release of the BLG-Pep loaded in PLGA nanoparticles in murine DCs might facilitate antigen-specific tolerance induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chun Yin Jerry Lau
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Irene Trillo Cabello
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Department of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Nutricia Research B.V., 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Linette E M Willemsen
- Department of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim E Hennink
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelus F van Nostrum
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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8
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Ishimoto K, Konishi Y, Otani S, Maeda S, Ago Y, Hino N, Suzuki M, Nakagawa S. Suppressive effect of black tea polyphenol theaflavins in a mouse model of ovalbumin-induced food allergy. J Nat Med 2023; 77:604-609. [PMID: 36854953 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-023-01686-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Food allergy is recognized as a global medical problem with increasing prevalence in recent years. Currently, the treatment of food allergy mainly involves avoidance of allergens and allergen-specific immunotherapy. Barring the spontaneous resolution of food allergy during the growth process, this disease is difficult to treat fundamentally. In recent years, the use of functional food ingredients derived from natural products has been attracting attention for their prophylactic use in food allergy. Theaflavins, i.e., black tea polyphenols, are potent antioxidants that have inhibitory effects on a variety of diseases. However, little is known about the preventive effect of theaflavins on food allergy. In this study, we designed a mouse model of food allergy and examined the effect of theaflavins using the severity of diarrhea, a symptom of food allergy, as an indicator. The administration of a black tea extract rich in theaflavins or theaflavin 1 (subgroup of theaflavins) to mice reduced the severity of diarrhea when compared with a normal diet. A reduction in malondialdehyde levels, a key marker of lipid peroxidation, was also observed. Overall, these data suggest that theaflavins may potentially inhibit food allergy by alleviating oxidative stress in the colon and can be a potential food material for prevention of food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ishimoto
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Laboratory of Innovative Food Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Center for Supporting Drug Discovery and Life Science Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuma Konishi
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shuichi Otani
- Laboratory of Innovative Food Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Mitsui Norin Co. Ltd., R&D Group, 223-1 Miyabara, Fujieda, Shizuoka, 426-0133, Japan
| | - Soya Maeda
- Laboratory of Innovative Food Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Mitsui Norin Co. Ltd., R&D Group, 223-1 Miyabara, Fujieda, Shizuoka, 426-0133, Japan
| | - Yukio Ago
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Nobumasa Hino
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masayuki Suzuki
- Laboratory of Innovative Food Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Mitsui Norin Co. Ltd., R&D Group, 223-1 Miyabara, Fujieda, Shizuoka, 426-0133, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Laboratory of Innovative Food Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Center for Supporting Drug Discovery and Life Science Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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9
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Novel Strategy for Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment through Oral Vaccine Therapy with Amyloid Beta. Biologics 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/biologics3010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neuropathology characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and dementia. The disease is attributed to senile plaques, which are aggregates of amyloid beta (Aβ) outside nerve cells; neurofibrillary tangles, which are filamentous accumulations of phosphorylated tau in nerve cells; and loss of neurons in the brain tissue. Immunization of an AD mouse model with Aβ-eliminated pre-existing senile plaque amyloids and prevented new accumulation. Furthermore, its effect showed that cognitive function can be improved by passive immunity without side effects, such as lymphocyte infiltration in AD model mice treated with vaccine therapy, indicating the possibility of vaccine therapy for AD. Further, considering the possibility of side effects due to direct administration of Aβ, the practical use of the safe oral vaccine, which expressed Aβ in plants, is expected. Indeed, administration of this oral vaccine to Alzheimer’s model mice reduced Aβ accumulation in the brain. Moreover, almost no expression of inflammatory IgG was observed. Therefore, vaccination prior to Aβ accumulation or at an early stage of accumulation may prevent Aβ from causing AD.
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