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Soler MF, Abaurrea A, Azcoaga P, Araujo AM, Caffarel MM. New perspectives in cancer immunotherapy: targeting IL-6 cytokine family. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e007530. [PMID: 37945321 PMCID: PMC10649711 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation has been recognized as a canonical cancer hallmark. It is orchestrated by cytokines, which are master regulators of the tumor microenvironment (TME) as they represent the main communication bridge between cancer cells, the tumor stroma, and the immune system. Interleukin (IL)-6 represents a keystone cytokine in the link between inflammation and cancer. Many cytokines from the IL-6 family, which includes IL-6, oncostatin M, leukemia inhibitory factor, IL-11, IL-27, IL-31, ciliary neurotrophic factor, cardiotrophin 1, and cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1, have been shown to elicit tumor-promoting roles by modulating the TME, making them attractive therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.The development of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) immunotherapies has radically changed the outcome of some cancers including melanoma, lung, and renal, although not without hurdles. However, ICB shows limited efficacy in other solid tumors. Recent reports support that chronic inflammation and IL-6 cytokine signaling are involved in resistance to immunotherapy. This review summarizes the available preclinical and clinical data regarding the implication of IL-6-related cytokines in regulating the immune TME and the response to ICB. Moreover, the potential clinical benefit of combining ICB with therapies targeting IL-6 cytokine members for cancer treatment is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Florencia Soler
- Biogipuzkoa (previously known as Biodonostia) Health Research Institute, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Andrea Abaurrea
- Biogipuzkoa (previously known as Biodonostia) Health Research Institute, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Peio Azcoaga
- Biogipuzkoa (previously known as Biodonostia) Health Research Institute, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Angela M Araujo
- Biogipuzkoa (previously known as Biodonostia) Health Research Institute, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Maria M Caffarel
- Biogipuzkoa (previously known as Biodonostia) Health Research Institute, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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Martino M, Canale FA, Porto G, Verduci C, Utano G, Policastro G, Germanò J, Alati C, Santoro L, Imbalzano L, Pitea M. Integrating CAR-T cell therapy into the management of DLBCL: what we are learning. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2023; 23:1277-1285. [PMID: 38078446 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2023.2292634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chimeric Antigen Receptor ;(CAR) T cells therapies have become part of the standard of care for patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The weakness of CAR-T therapies is that there are no comparative clinical trials, although many publications based on real-life data have confirmed the results obtained in pivotal studies. After several years of the commercialization of CAR-T, some points still need to be fully clarified. Healthcare professionals have questions about identifying patients who may benefit from therapy. There are aspects inherent in the accessibility of care related to improved relationships between CAR-T-delivering and referral centers. AREAS COVERED Open questions are inherent in the salvage and bridge therapy, predictive criteria for response and persistence of CAR-T after infusion. Managing toxicities remain a top priority and one of the points on which further knowledge is needed. EXPERT OPINION This review aims to describe the current landscape of CAR-T cells in DLBCL, outline their outcomes and toxicities, and explain the outstanding questions that remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Martino
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapies Unit (CTMO), Department of Hemato-Oncology and Radiotherapy Grande OspedaleMetropolitano "Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli", Reggio, Calabria, Italy
| | - Filippo Antonio Canale
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapies Unit (CTMO), Department of Hemato-Oncology and Radiotherapy Grande OspedaleMetropolitano "Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli", Reggio, Calabria, Italy
| | - Gaetana Porto
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapies Unit (CTMO), Department of Hemato-Oncology and Radiotherapy Grande OspedaleMetropolitano "Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli", Reggio, Calabria, Italy
| | - Chiara Verduci
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapies Unit (CTMO), Department of Hemato-Oncology and Radiotherapy Grande OspedaleMetropolitano "Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli", Reggio, Calabria, Italy
| | - Giovanna Utano
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapies Unit (CTMO), Department of Hemato-Oncology and Radiotherapy Grande OspedaleMetropolitano "Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli", Reggio, Calabria, Italy
| | - Giorgia Policastro
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapies Unit (CTMO), Department of Hemato-Oncology and Radiotherapy Grande OspedaleMetropolitano "Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli", Reggio, Calabria, Italy
| | - Jessyca Germanò
- Hematology Unit, Department of Hemato-Oncology and Radiotherapy Grande Ospedale Metropolitano "Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli", Reggio, Calabria, Italy
| | - Caterina Alati
- Hematology Unit, Department of Hemato-Oncology and Radiotherapy Grande Ospedale Metropolitano "Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli", Reggio, Calabria, Italy
| | - Ludovica Santoro
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapies Unit (CTMO), Department of Hemato-Oncology and Radiotherapy Grande OspedaleMetropolitano "Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli", Reggio, Calabria, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Imbalzano
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapies Unit (CTMO), Department of Hemato-Oncology and Radiotherapy Grande OspedaleMetropolitano "Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli", Reggio, Calabria, Italy
| | - Martina Pitea
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapies Unit (CTMO), Department of Hemato-Oncology and Radiotherapy Grande OspedaleMetropolitano "Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli", Reggio, Calabria, Italy
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