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Liongue C, Sobah ML, Ward AC. Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription Proteins at the Nexus of Immunodeficiency, Autoimmunity and Cancer. Biomedicines 2023; 12:45. [PMID: 38255152 PMCID: PMC10813391 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family of proteins has been demonstrated to perform pivotal roles downstream of a myriad of cytokines, particularly those that control immune cell production and function. This is highlighted by both gain-of-function (GOF) and loss-of-function (LOF) mutations being implicated in various diseases impacting cells of the immune system. These mutations are typically inherited, although somatic GOF mutations are commonly observed in certain immune cell malignancies. This review details the growing appreciation of STAT proteins as a key node linking immunodeficiency, autoimmunity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford Liongue
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia; (C.L.); (M.L.S.)
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Mohamed Luban Sobah
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia; (C.L.); (M.L.S.)
| | - Alister C. Ward
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia; (C.L.); (M.L.S.)
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
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Wang Z, Zhang Y, Ma W. Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis: A Case Report. CLINICAL, COSMETIC AND INVESTIGATIONAL DERMATOLOGY 2023; 16:231-236. [PMID: 36721837 PMCID: PMC9884432 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s396802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) is a rare infectious skin disease. This study reported a case of CMC in a child with clinical manifestations of oral mucosal leukoplakia and erythema and crust-like thick scabs on the skin of the face and upper limbs. Microscopic fungal examination revealed a large amount of pseudohyphae, and the fungal culture indicated Candida albicans. A drug sensitivity test indicated that it was sensitive to itraconazole and nystatin. Laboratory tests did not show significant immunodeficiency or endocrine abnormalities, and gene sequencing did not identify DNA gene mutations in the coiled-coil domain (CCD) or the DNA-binding domain (DBD) of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1). The skin lesions subsided after oral administration of itraconazole but relapsed 6 months later, and hypoparathyroidism occurred 1 year later. Patients with repeated superficial fungal infection should be alert to the possibility of CMC. CMC has numerous complications and a poor prognosis that requires the attention of clinicians. In this case, STAT1 mutation was not found, and parathyroid dysfunction was rare, providing reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of CMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhensheng Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongfeng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, People’s Republic of China,Yongfeng Zhang, Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-536-3081502, Email
| | - Weiyuan Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Weiyuan Ma, Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-536-3081272, Email
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Yang Q, Yu C, Wu Y, Cao K, Li X, Cao W, Cao L, Zhang S, Ba Y, Zheng Y, Zhang H, Wang W. Unusual Talaromyces marneffei and Pneumocystis jirovecii coinfection in a child with a STAT1 mutation: A case report and literature review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1103184. [PMID: 36891307 PMCID: PMC9986280 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1103184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Talaromyces marneffei and Pneumocystis jirovecii are the common opportunistic pathogens in immunodeficient patients. There have been no reports of T. marneffei and P. jirovecii coinfection in immunodeficient children. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) is a key transcription factor in immune responses. STAT1 mutations are predominately associated with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and invasive mycosis. We report a 1-year-2-month-old boy diagnosed with severe laryngitis and pneumonia caused by T. marneffei and P. jirovecii coinfection, which was confirmed by smear, culture, polymerase chain reaction and metagenome next-generation sequencing of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. He has a known STAT1 mutation at amino acid 274 in the coiled-coil domain of STAT1 according to whole exome sequencing. Based on the pathogen results, itraconazole and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were administered. This patient's condition improved, and he was discharged after two weeks of targeted therapy. In the one-year follow-up, the boy remained symptom-free without recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Shantou University Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chendi Yu
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Nuclear Gene Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Shantou University Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ke Cao
- Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Shantou University Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaonan Li
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Shantou University Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiguo Cao
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Shantou University Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lichao Cao
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Nuclear Gene Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Shenrui Zhang
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Nuclear Gene Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Ba
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Nuclear Gene Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuejie Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Shantou University Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hezi Zhang
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Nuclear Gene Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Wenjian Wang, ; Hezi Zhang,
| | - Wenjian Wang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Shantou University Medical College, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Wenjian Wang, ; Hezi Zhang,
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Parackova Z, Zentsova I, Vrabcova P, Sediva A, Bloomfield M. Aberrant tolerogenic functions and proinflammatory skew of dendritic cells in STAT1 gain-of-function patients may contribute to autoimmunity and fungal susceptibility. Clin Immunol 2023; 246:109174. [PMID: 36372319 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STAT1 gain-of-function (GOF) mutations underlie an inborn error of immunity hallmarked by chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC). Beyond the fungal susceptibility, attributed to Th17 failure, over half of the reported patients suffer from autoimmune manifestations, mechanism of which has not been explained yet. We hypothesized that the STAT1 mutations would affect dendritic cells' (DCs) properties and alter their inflammatory and tolerogenic functions. To test the hypothesis, we generated monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) and tolerogenic DCs (tDCs). Functional and signaling studies, co-culture experiments and RNA sequencing demonstrated that STAT1 GOF DCs were profoundly altered in their phenotype and functions, characterized by loss of tolerogenic functions, proinflammatory skew and decreased capacity to induce Th17. Cytokine signaling, autophagy and metabolic processes were identified as the most prominently altered cellular processes. The results suggest that DCs are directly involved in STAT1 GOF-associated immune pathology, possibly contributing to both autoimmune manifestations and the failure of antifungal defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Parackova
- Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital in Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Irena Zentsova
- Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital in Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Vrabcova
- Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital in Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Sediva
- Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital in Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Bloomfield
- Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital in Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague, Czech Republic
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