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Zhang F, Qi Y, Li J, Liu B, Liu Z, Cui X. Activin A induces apoptosis of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells through endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. Oncol Rep 2024; 51:29. [PMID: 38131250 PMCID: PMC10777458 DOI: 10.3892/or.2023.8688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Activin A, a member of the transforming growth factor‑β (TGF‑β) superfamily, has been implicated in the tumorigenesis and progression of various cancers. However, it remains unclear whether activin A induces apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma cells through the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway. In the present study, BrdU, flow cytometry and western blotting were used to examine cell proliferation, apoptosis and protein expression, respectively. The present study revealed that activin A inhibited human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and upregulated the protein levels of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), growth arrest and DNA damage‑inducible protein 34 (GADD34), cleaved‑caspase‑3 and caspase‑12. Furthermore, the administration of activin A did not alter the levels of suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic 3 (Smad3) or phosphorylated (p)‑Smad3 proteins, whereas, it significantly elevated the levels of ActRIIA and p‑extracellular signal regulated kinase proteins 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) proteins in A549 cells. The apoptotic effects of activin A on A549 cells were attenuated by the ERK inhibitor FR180204, which also downregulated CHOP and caspase‑12 protein levels. Additionally, activin A increased intracellular calcium flux in A549 cells, and the calcium ion chelator BAPTA acetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA‑AM) inhibited activin A‑induced A549 cell apoptosis, whereas the calcium agonist ionomycin significantly increased apoptosis of A549 cells induced by activin A. These findings indicated that the activation of the ER stress pathway resulting in apoptosis of A549 cells triggered by activin A is facilitated by the ActRIIA‑ERK1/2 signaling and calcium signaling. The present findings suggest that the agonists of ERK and calcium signaling exhibit promising clinical therapeutic potential for the induction of apoptosis in lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglin Zhang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Clinical Immunology in Jilin, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yan Qi
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Clinical Immunology in Jilin, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Clinical Immunology in Jilin, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Boyang Liu
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
- Department of Scientific Research, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, P.R. China
| | - Zhonghui Liu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Clinical Immunology in Jilin, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xueling Cui
- Key Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Clinical Immunology in Jilin, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Liu Q, Li Y, Cao Y, Gu L, Li T, Liu Y, Song J, Wang W, Wang X, Li B, Liu S. Transcriptome Analysis of Brain and Skin Reveals Immune Responses to Acute Hypoxia and Reoxygenation in Pseudobagrus ussuriensis. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:246. [PMID: 38254415 PMCID: PMC10812553 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudobagrus ussuriensis is an unscaled fish that is more susceptible to skin damage than scaled fish. To investigate the impacts of hypoxia and reoxygenation on skin and brain immunity, juvenile P. ussuriensis were subjected to hypoxia conditions (DO: 0.8 ± 0.05 mg/L) for durations of 0, 3, 6, and 12 h, followed by 12 h of reoxygenation (DO > 6 mg/L). Histological analysis showed a significant increase in the number of skin mucosal cells after 12 h of hypoxia and a significant decrease after 12 h of reoxygenation when compared to the control group. As the duration of hypoxia increased, an increase in antioxidant (SOD, CAT, GSH, MDA) and immune (cortisol, LZM) physiological parameters of the skin and brain appeared. The results of transcriptomic studies showed that the number of differential genes was greater in skin than in brain. Most of the immune pathways in both tissues under hypoxia conditions were all nonspecific immunity (TNF, IL-17, chemokines), while both tissues maintained their homeostasis through active energy supply and cell cycle regulation. Meanwhile, both physiological parameters and RNA transcriptome results showed that 12 h of reoxygenation could not completely eliminate the negative effects of 12 h of hypoxia. This study offers new insights into the immune responses of P. ussuriensis skin and brain during acute hypoxia and reoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030800, China; (Q.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (L.G.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (J.S.); (W.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Yuxing Li
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030800, China; (Q.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (L.G.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (J.S.); (W.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Yang Cao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030800, China; (Q.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (L.G.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (J.S.); (W.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Libo Gu
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030800, China; (Q.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (L.G.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (J.S.); (W.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Tongyao Li
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030800, China; (Q.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (L.G.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (J.S.); (W.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030800, China; (Q.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (L.G.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (J.S.); (W.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Jing Song
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030800, China; (Q.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (L.G.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (J.S.); (W.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Weiwei Wang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030800, China; (Q.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (L.G.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (J.S.); (W.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Xianzong Wang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030800, China; (Q.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (L.G.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (J.S.); (W.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Bugao Li
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030800, China; (Q.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (L.G.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (J.S.); (W.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Shaozhen Liu
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030800, China; (Q.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (L.G.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (J.S.); (W.W.); (X.W.)
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Resource Utilization and Breeding, Jinzhong 030800, China
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Abasi M, Ranjbari J, Ghanbarian H. 7SK small nuclear RNA (Rn7SK) induces apoptosis through intrinsic and extrinsic pathways in human embryonic kidney cell line. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:96. [PMID: 38193993 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08934-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rn7SK, a highly conserved small nuclear non-coding RNA, controls Polymerase II transcription machinery by activating of the Positive Transcriptional Elongation Factor b (P-TEFb). Apart from its role in transcriptional regulation, the potential functions of Rn7SK in cell apoptosis are poorly understood. In a previous study, we demonstrated that overexpression of 7SK induces apoptosis in HEK cells. However, it remains unclear whether 7SK-mediated apoptosis induction is exerted through the intrinsic or extrinsic pathways. METHODS AND RESULTS Rn7SK was overexpressed in HEK 293T cell line using Lipofectamine 2000 reagent to investigate its potential apoptotic functions. The overexpression of Rn7SK resulted in reduced cell viability through the induction of apoptosis, as evidenced by MTT assay and Annexin V/PI staining. Concurrently, alterations in the expression levels of key apoptosis-related genes were observed, as determined by quantitative RT-PCR. Furthermore, Rn7SK overexpression led to a decrease in cell proliferation, as assessed by colony formation assay and growth curve analysis. This reduction was associated with downregulated expression of key proliferative-related genes. Additionally, the migration and invasion capabilities of cells were significantly inhibited upon upregulation of Rn7SK, as demonstrated by transwell assays. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests the apoptotic role of 7SK through both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, necessitating further investigation into its underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Abasi
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Javad Ranjbari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Ghanbarian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Zhao JY, Yuan XK, Luo RZ, Wang LX, Gu W, Yamane D, Feng H. Phospholipase A and acyltransferase 4/retinoic acid receptor responder 3 at the intersection of tumor suppression and pathogen restriction. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1107239. [PMID: 37063830 PMCID: PMC10102619 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1107239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase A and acyltransferase (PLAAT) 4 is a class II tumor suppressor with phospholipid metabolizing abilities. It was characterized in late 2000s, and has since been referred to as 'tazarotene-induced gene 3' (TIG3) or 'retinoic acid receptor responder 3' (RARRES3) as a key downstream effector of retinoic acid signaling. Two decades of research have revealed the complexity of its function and regulatory roles in suppressing tumorigenesis. However, more recent findings have also identified PLAAT4 as a key anti-microbial effector enzyme acting downstream of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) and interferons (IFNs), favoring protection from virus and parasite infections. Unveiling the molecular mechanisms underlying its action may thus open new therapeutic avenues for the treatment of both cancer and infectious diseases. Herein, we aim to summarize a brief history of PLAAT4 discovery, its transcriptional regulation, and the potential mechanisms in tumor prevention and anti-pathogen defense, and discuss potential future directions of PLAAT4 research toward the development of therapeutic approaches targeting this enzyme with pleiotropic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Yong Zhao
- Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Xiang-Kun Yuan
- Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Rui-Zhen Luo
- Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Li-Xin Wang
- Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Wei Gu
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Daisuke Yamane
- Department of Diseases and Infection, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hui Feng
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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In Vitro Cell Death Mechanisms Induced by Dicoma anomala Root Extract in Combination with ZnPcS 4 Mediated-Photodynamic Therapy in A549 Lung Cancer Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203288. [PMID: 36291155 PMCID: PMC9600060 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, lung cancer has remained the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in men and women. To enhance photodynamic therapeutic effects in vitro, the present study was designed to reduce dose-dependence in photodynamic therapy (PDT) and evaluate the anticancer effects of Dicoma anomala (D. anomala) root extracts (i.e., chloroform (Chl), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and methanol (MeOH)) on A549 lung cancer cells. The most active extract of D. anomala (D.A) was used to establish the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50), which was further used to evaluate the anticancer efficacy of D.A in combination with ZnPcS4-mediated PDT IC50. The study further evaluated cell death mechanisms by cell viability/ cytotoxicity (LIVE/DEADTM assay), flow cytometry (Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-propidium iodide (PI) staining), immunofluorescence (p38, p53, Bax, and caspase 3 expressions), and fluorometric multiplex assay (caspase 8 and 9) 24 h post-treatment with IC50 concentrations of ZnPcS4-mediated PDT and D.A MeOH root extract. Morphological changes were accompanied by a dose-dependent increase in cytotoxicity, decrease in viability, and proliferation in all experimental models. Apoptosis is the highly favored cell death mechanism observed in combination therapy groups. Apoptotic activities were supported by an increase in the number of dead cells in the LIVE/DEADTM assay, and the upregulation of p38, p53, Bax, caspase 3, 8, and 9 apoptotic proteins. In vitro experiments confirmed the cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects of D.A root extracts in monotherapy and in combination with ZnPcS4-mediated PDT. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that D.A could be a promising therapeutic candidate worth exploring in different types of cancer.
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