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Chittrakarn S, Siripaitoon P, Chusri S, Kanchanasuwan S, Charoenmak B, Hortiwakul T, Kantikit P, Kositpantawong N. Comparative immunogenicity and neutralizing antibody responses post heterologous vaccination with CoronaVac (Sinovac) and Vaxzevria (AstraZeneca) in HIV-infected patients with varying CD4+ T lymphocyte counts. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2309734. [PMID: 38297904 PMCID: PMC10841008 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2309734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune response to heterologous coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccination in people living with HIV (PLWH) is still unclear. Herein, our prospective cohort study aimed to compare the immune response of heterologous vaccination with CoronaVac (Sinovac) and Vaxzevria (AstraZeneca) between PLWH having CD4 counts ≤ 200 cells/µL (low CD4+) and > 200 cells/µL (high CD4+). Anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels and the percentage inhibition of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) were analyzed at 2 and 12 weeks after immunization. Participants in the low and high CD4+ groups had mean CD4+ counts of 139 and 575 cell/µL, respectively. Two and 12 weeks after immunization, in the low CD4 group, the median anti-RBD-IgG levels were 159 IU/mL and 143 IU/mL, respectively, whereas the nAb level was 71% and decreased to 47.2%, respectively. Contrarily, the median anti-RBD-IgG levels in the high CD4+ group were 273 IU/mL and 294 IU/mL, respectively, whereas the nAb levels were 89.3% and relatively stable at 81.6%. However, although immune responses between the two study groups were not significantly different, a decline in nAb levels was observed at 12 weeks in the low CD4+ group. Therefore, a COVID-19 booster vaccine dose is suggested for immunoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorawit Chittrakarn
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Pisud Siripaitoon
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Sarunyou Chusri
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Siripen Kanchanasuwan
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Boonsri Charoenmak
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Thanaporn Hortiwakul
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Phaiwon Kantikit
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Narongdet Kositpantawong
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
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Datwani S, Kalikawe R, Waterworth R, Mwimanzi FM, Liang R, Sang Y, Lapointe HR, Cheung PK, Omondi FH, Duncan MC, Barad E, Speckmaier S, Moran-Garcia N, DeMarco ML, Hedgcock M, Costiniuk CT, Hull M, Harris M, Romney MG, Montaner JSG, Brumme ZL, Brockman MA. T-Cell Responses to COVID-19 Vaccines and Breakthrough Infection in People Living with HIV Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy. Viruses 2024; 16:661. [PMID: 38793543 PMCID: PMC11125792 DOI: 10.3390/v16050661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
People living with HIV (PLWH) can exhibit impaired immune responses to vaccines. Accumulating evidence indicates that PLWH, particularly those receiving antiretroviral therapy, mount strong antibody responses to COVID-19 vaccines, but fewer studies have examined cellular immune responses to the vaccinations. Here, we used an activation-induced marker (AIM) assay to quantify SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells generated by two and three doses of COVID-19 vaccines in 50 PLWH receiving antiretroviral therapy, compared to 87 control participants without HIV. In a subset of PLWH, T-cell responses were also assessed after post-vaccine breakthrough infections and/or receipt of a fourth vaccine dose. All participants remained SARS-CoV-2 infection-naive until at least one month after their third vaccine dose. SARS-CoV-2 infection was determined by seroconversion to a Nucleocapsid (N) antigen, which occurred in 21 PLWH and 38 control participants after the third vaccine dose. Multivariable regression analyses were used to investigate the relationships between sociodemographic, health- and vaccine-related variables, vaccine-induced T-cell responses, and breakthrough infection risk. We observed that a third vaccine dose boosted spike-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell frequencies significantly above those measured after the second dose (all p < 0.0001). Median T-cell frequencies did not differ between PLWH and controls after the second dose (p > 0.1), but CD8+ T-cell responses were modestly lower in PLWH after the third dose (p = 0.02), an observation that remained significant after adjusting for sociodemographic, health- and vaccine-related variables (p = 0.045). In PLWH who experienced a breakthrough infection, median T-cell frequencies increased even higher than those observed after three vaccine doses (p < 0.03), and CD8+ T-cell responses in this group remained higher even after a fourth vaccine dose (p = 0.03). In multivariable analyses, the only factor associated with an increased breakthrough infection risk was younger age, which is consistent with the rapid increase in SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity that was seen among younger adults in Canada after the initial appearance of the Omicron variant. These results indicate that PLWH receiving antiretroviral therapy mount strong T-cell responses to COVID-19 vaccines that can be enhanced by booster doses or breakthrough infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Datwani
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V6A 1S6, Canada; (S.D.); (R.K.); (R.W.); (F.M.M.); (Y.S.); (P.K.C.); (F.H.O.); (M.C.D.); (E.B.)
| | - Rebecca Kalikawe
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V6A 1S6, Canada; (S.D.); (R.K.); (R.W.); (F.M.M.); (Y.S.); (P.K.C.); (F.H.O.); (M.C.D.); (E.B.)
| | - Rachel Waterworth
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V6A 1S6, Canada; (S.D.); (R.K.); (R.W.); (F.M.M.); (Y.S.); (P.K.C.); (F.H.O.); (M.C.D.); (E.B.)
| | - Francis M. Mwimanzi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V6A 1S6, Canada; (S.D.); (R.K.); (R.W.); (F.M.M.); (Y.S.); (P.K.C.); (F.H.O.); (M.C.D.); (E.B.)
| | - Richard Liang
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; (R.L.); (H.R.L.); (N.M.-G.); (M.H.); (M.H.); (J.S.G.M.)
| | - Yurou Sang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V6A 1S6, Canada; (S.D.); (R.K.); (R.W.); (F.M.M.); (Y.S.); (P.K.C.); (F.H.O.); (M.C.D.); (E.B.)
| | - Hope R. Lapointe
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; (R.L.); (H.R.L.); (N.M.-G.); (M.H.); (M.H.); (J.S.G.M.)
| | - Peter K. Cheung
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V6A 1S6, Canada; (S.D.); (R.K.); (R.W.); (F.M.M.); (Y.S.); (P.K.C.); (F.H.O.); (M.C.D.); (E.B.)
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; (R.L.); (H.R.L.); (N.M.-G.); (M.H.); (M.H.); (J.S.G.M.)
| | - Fredrick Harrison Omondi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V6A 1S6, Canada; (S.D.); (R.K.); (R.W.); (F.M.M.); (Y.S.); (P.K.C.); (F.H.O.); (M.C.D.); (E.B.)
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; (R.L.); (H.R.L.); (N.M.-G.); (M.H.); (M.H.); (J.S.G.M.)
| | - Maggie C. Duncan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V6A 1S6, Canada; (S.D.); (R.K.); (R.W.); (F.M.M.); (Y.S.); (P.K.C.); (F.H.O.); (M.C.D.); (E.B.)
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; (R.L.); (H.R.L.); (N.M.-G.); (M.H.); (M.H.); (J.S.G.M.)
| | - Evan Barad
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V6A 1S6, Canada; (S.D.); (R.K.); (R.W.); (F.M.M.); (Y.S.); (P.K.C.); (F.H.O.); (M.C.D.); (E.B.)
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; (R.L.); (H.R.L.); (N.M.-G.); (M.H.); (M.H.); (J.S.G.M.)
| | - Sarah Speckmaier
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; (R.L.); (H.R.L.); (N.M.-G.); (M.H.); (M.H.); (J.S.G.M.)
| | - Nadia Moran-Garcia
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; (R.L.); (H.R.L.); (N.M.-G.); (M.H.); (M.H.); (J.S.G.M.)
| | - Mari L. DeMarco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada (M.G.R.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | | | - Cecilia T. Costiniuk
- Division of Infectious Diseases Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Mark Hull
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; (R.L.); (H.R.L.); (N.M.-G.); (M.H.); (M.H.); (J.S.G.M.)
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Marianne Harris
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; (R.L.); (H.R.L.); (N.M.-G.); (M.H.); (M.H.); (J.S.G.M.)
- Department of Family Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Marc G. Romney
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada (M.G.R.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Julio S. G. Montaner
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; (R.L.); (H.R.L.); (N.M.-G.); (M.H.); (M.H.); (J.S.G.M.)
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Zabrina L. Brumme
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V6A 1S6, Canada; (S.D.); (R.K.); (R.W.); (F.M.M.); (Y.S.); (P.K.C.); (F.H.O.); (M.C.D.); (E.B.)
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; (R.L.); (H.R.L.); (N.M.-G.); (M.H.); (M.H.); (J.S.G.M.)
| | - Mark A. Brockman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V6A 1S6, Canada; (S.D.); (R.K.); (R.W.); (F.M.M.); (Y.S.); (P.K.C.); (F.H.O.); (M.C.D.); (E.B.)
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; (R.L.); (H.R.L.); (N.M.-G.); (M.H.); (M.H.); (J.S.G.M.)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V6A 1S6, Canada
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Springer DN, Daller S, Knappik M, Prüger K, Hartl S, Breyer-Kohansal R, Puchhammer-Stöckl E, Aberle JH, Weseslindtner L, Breyer MK. A Multivariant Surrogate Virus Neutralization Test Demonstrates Distinct SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibody Responses in People Living with HIV after a Fourth Monovalent mRNA Vaccination or an Omicron Breakthrough Infection. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:822. [PMID: 38667468 PMCID: PMC11049121 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14080822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
While neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) induced by monovalent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccinations are primarily directed against the wildtype (WT), subsequent exposure to the Omicron variants may increase the breadth of the antibodies' cross-neutralizing activity. Here, we analyzed the impact of an Omicron breakthrough infection (BTI) or a fourth monovalent mRNA vaccination on nAb profiles in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH). Using a multivariant surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT), we quantified nAbs in 36 three-times vaccinated PLWH, of whom 9 acquired a serologically confirmed Omicron BTI, 8 received a fourth vaccine dose, and 19 were neither infected nor additionally vaccinated. While nAbs against WT and Delta increased after the BTI and a fourth vaccination, a significant increase against BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5 was only observed after the BTI. However, there was no significant difference in nAb concentrations between the samples obtained after the BTI and fourth vaccination. In contrast, nAb levels were significantly lower in PLWH, who were neither infected nor additionally vaccinated after three vaccinations. Thus, our study demonstrates the suitability of a multivariant sVNT to assess hybrid humoral immunity after Omicron BTIs in PLWH vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Niklas Springer
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.N.S.); (K.P.); (E.P.-S.); (J.H.A.)
| | - Simon Daller
- Department of Respiratory and Pulmonary Diseases, Vienna Healthcare Group, Clinic Penzing, 1140 Vienna, Austria; (S.D.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (R.B.-K.); (M.K.B.)
| | - Michael Knappik
- Department of Respiratory and Pulmonary Diseases, Vienna Healthcare Group, Clinic Penzing, 1140 Vienna, Austria; (S.D.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (R.B.-K.); (M.K.B.)
| | - Katja Prüger
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.N.S.); (K.P.); (E.P.-S.); (J.H.A.)
| | - Sylvia Hartl
- Department of Respiratory and Pulmonary Diseases, Vienna Healthcare Group, Clinic Penzing, 1140 Vienna, Austria; (S.D.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (R.B.-K.); (M.K.B.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, 1140 Vienna, Austria
- Faculty of Medicine, Sigmund Freud University, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Robab Breyer-Kohansal
- Department of Respiratory and Pulmonary Diseases, Vienna Healthcare Group, Clinic Penzing, 1140 Vienna, Austria; (S.D.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (R.B.-K.); (M.K.B.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, 1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Puchhammer-Stöckl
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.N.S.); (K.P.); (E.P.-S.); (J.H.A.)
| | - Judith Helene Aberle
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.N.S.); (K.P.); (E.P.-S.); (J.H.A.)
| | - Lukas Weseslindtner
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.N.S.); (K.P.); (E.P.-S.); (J.H.A.)
| | - Marie Kathrin Breyer
- Department of Respiratory and Pulmonary Diseases, Vienna Healthcare Group, Clinic Penzing, 1140 Vienna, Austria; (S.D.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (R.B.-K.); (M.K.B.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, 1140 Vienna, Austria
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Søndergaard MH, Thavarajah JJ, Churchill Henson H, Wejse CM. SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immunogenicity for people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis. HIV Med 2024; 25:16-37. [PMID: 37731375 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.13537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous publications on the immunogenicity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines in people living with HIV (PLWH) have reported inconsistent results. Additionally, a meta-analysis investigating the immunogenicity in PLWH after the third SARS-CoV-2 vaccine dose is lacking. In this article we aim to provide a systematic review and a meta-analysis studying the immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in PLWH and to identify potential drivers for antibody response in PLWH. METHODS We used three databases (PubMed, Embase and Web of Science) to conduct our review. Studies with information on numbers of PLWH producing immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies or neutralizing antibodies were included. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 59 studies and illustrated a pooled serological response of 87.09% in the 10 343 PLWH after they received a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. High CD4 T-cell counts and low viral load indicated that the study populations had HIV that was well treated, despite varying in location. The pooled effect increased to 91.62% for 8053 PLWH when excluding studies that used inactivated vaccines (BBIBP-CorV and CoronaVac). For the third vaccine dose, the pooled effect was 92.35% for 1974 PLWH. Additionally, weighted linear regression models demonstrated weak relationships between CD4 T-cell count, percentages of people with undetectable HIV load, and age compared with the percentages of PLWH producing a serological response. However, more research is needed to determine the effect of those factors on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immunogenicity in PLWH. CONCLUSION SARS-CoV-2 vaccines show a favourable effect on immunogenicity in PLWH. However, the results are not ideal. This meta-analysis suggests that a third SARS-CoV-2 vaccine dose and good HIV treatment procedures are vital to induce a good immunogenicity in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Christian Morberg Wejse
- GloHAU, Center for Global Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Region Midtjylland, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
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Jin J, Wang X, Li Y, Yang X, Wang H, Han X, Sun J, Ma Z, Duan J, Zhang G, Huang T, Zhang T, Wu H, Zhang X, Su B. Weak SARS-CoV-2-specific responses of TIGIT-expressing CD8 + T cells in people living with HIV after a third dose of a SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:2938-2947. [PMID: 37963586 PMCID: PMC10752475 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T-cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif domains (TIGIT), an inhibitory receptor expressed on T cells, plays a dysfunctional role in antiviral infection and antitumor activity. However, it is unknown whether TIGIT expression on T cells influences the immunological effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) inactivated vaccines. METHODS Forty-five people living with HIV (PLWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for more than two years and 31 healthy controls (HCs), all received a third dose of a SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine, were enrolled in this study. The amounts, activation, proportion of cell subsets, and magnitude of the SARS-CoV-2-specific immune response of TIGIT + CD4 + and TIGIT + CD8 + T cells were investigated before the third dose but 6 months after the second vaccine dose (0W), 4 weeks (4W) and 12 weeks (12W) after the third dose. RESULTS Compared to that in HCs, the frequency of TIGIT + CD8 + T cells in the peripheral blood of PLWH increased at 12W after the third dose of the inactivated vaccine, and the immune activation of TIGIT + CD8 + T cells also increased. A decrease in the ratio of both T naïve (T N ) and central memory (T CM ) cells among TIGIT + CD8 + T cells and an increase in the ratio of the effector memory (T EM ) subpopulation were observed at 12W in PLWH. Interestingly, particularly at 12W, a higher proportion of TIGIT + CD8 + T cells expressing CD137 and CD69 simultaneously was observed in HCs than in PLWH based on the activation-induced marker assay. Compared with 0W, SARS-CoV-2-specific TIGIT + CD8 + T-cell responses in PLWH were not enhanced at 12W but were enhanced in HCs. Additionally, at all time points, the SARS-CoV-2-specific responses of TIGIT + CD8 + T cells in PLWH were significantly weaker than those of TIGIT - CD8 + T cells. However, in HCs, the difference in the SARS-CoV-2-specific responses induced between TIGIT + CD8 + T cells and TIGIT - CD8 + T cells was insignificant at 4W and 12W, except at 0W. CONCLUSIONS TIGIT expression on CD8 + T cells may hinder the T-cell immune response to a booster dose of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, suggesting weakened resistance to SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially in PLWH. Furthermore, TIGIT may be used as a potential target to increase the production of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8 + T cells, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Research on Humoral Immune Response to HIV Infection, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiuwen Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Research on Humoral Immune Response to HIV Infection, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yongzheng Li
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Research on Humoral Immune Response to HIV Infection, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Research on Humoral Immune Response to HIV Infection, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaoxu Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Research on Humoral Immune Response to HIV Infection, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Research on Humoral Immune Response to HIV Infection, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhenglai Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Research on Humoral Immune Response to HIV Infection, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Junyi Duan
- Tian Yuan Studio, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- Tian Yuan Studio, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Tian Yuan Studio, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Research on Humoral Immune Response to HIV Infection, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Research on Humoral Immune Response to HIV Infection, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Research on Humoral Immune Response to HIV Infection, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Bin Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Research on Humoral Immune Response to HIV Infection, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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Cheng MQ, Li R, Weng ZY, Song G. Immunogenicity and effectiveness of COVID-19 booster vaccination among people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1275843. [PMID: 37877024 PMCID: PMC10591097 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1275843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The effect of booster vaccinations with the coronavirus virus disease (COVID-19) vaccine on people living with HIV (PLWH) remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the immunogenicity and effectiveness of booster doses of the COVID-19 vaccine in PLWH. Methods Literature research was done through the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Review, and Web of Science databases up to 4 July 2023. Pooled estimates were calculated and compared using the DerSimonian and Laird method for a random effects model. Randomized control trials and observational studies were both considered for inclusion. Results We included 35 eligible studies covering 30,154 PLWH. The pooled immune response rate (IRR) of PLWH after the COVID-19 booster vaccination was 97.25% (95% confidence interval [CI], 93.81-99.49), and similar to healthy control (HC) (risk ratio [RR] = 0.98, 95% CI, 0.96-1.00). The pooled IRR for PLWH with CD4+ T-cell counts ≤ 200 was 86.27 (95% CI, 65.35-99.07). For Omicron variants, the pooled IRR for PLWH after booster dose was 74.07% (95% CI, 58.83-89.30), and the risk of IRR was reduced by 10% in PLWH compared with HC (RR = 0.90, 95% CI, 0.80-1.00). The T-cell immune response of PLWH was found to be comparable to HC (p ≥ 0.05). Subgroup analyses revealed that mRNA vaccines produced a relatively high IRR in PLWH compared to other vaccines. In addition, the results showed that booster vaccination appeared to further reduce the risk of COVID-19-related infections, hospitalizations, and deaths compared with the primary vaccination. Conclusion It was shown that booster vaccination with the COVID-19 vaccine provided a high IRR in PLWH and still produced a desirable moderate IRR in PLWH with a CD4+ T-cell count of ≤ 200. Importantly, the humoral and T-cell responses to booster vaccination in PLWH were comparable to HC, and similar results were observed with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. Our review strongly emphasizes the effect of mRNA vaccine booster vaccination in PLWH on eliciting desirable protective IRR. Furthermore, booster vaccination appears to further reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and death in PLWH compared to primary vaccination. However, more evidence is needed to confirm its effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Qun Cheng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Puer People's Hospital, Pu'er, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Puer People's Hospital, Pu'er, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Weng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Gao Song
- Department of Pharmacy, The Puer People's Hospital, Pu'er, China
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Tani Y, Takita M, Wakui M, Saito H, Nishiuchi T, Zhao T, Yamamoto C, Kawamura T, Sugiyama A, Nakayama A, Kaneko Y, Kodama T, Shinaha R, Tsubokura M. Five doses of the mRNA vaccination potentially suppress ancestral-strain stimulated SARS-CoV2-specific cellular immunity: a cohort study from the Fukushima vaccination community survey, Japan. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1240425. [PMID: 37662950 PMCID: PMC10469480 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1240425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The bivalent mRNA vaccine is recommended to address coronavirus disease variants, with additional doses suggested for high-risk groups. However, the effectiveness, optimal frequency, and number of doses remain uncertain. In this study, we examined the long-term cellular and humoral immune responses following the fifth administration of the mRNA severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine in patients undergoing hemodialysis. To our knowledge, this is the first study to monitor long-term data on humoral and cellular immunity dynamics in high-risk populations after five doses of mRNA vaccination, including the bivalent mRNA vaccine. Whereas most patients maintained humoral immunity throughout the observation period, we observed reduced cellular immune reactivity as measured by the ancestral-strain-stimulated ELISpot assay in a subset of patients. Half of the individuals (50%; 14/28) maintained cellular immunity three months after the fifth dose, despite acquiring humoral immunity. The absence of a relationship between positive controls and T-Spot reactivity suggests that these immune alterations were specific to SARS-CoV-2. In multivariable analysis, participants aged ≥70 years showed a marginally significant lower likelihood of having reactive results. Notably, among the 14 individuals who received heterologous vaccines, 13 successfully acquired cellular immunity, supporting the effectiveness of this administration strategy. These findings provide valuable insights for future vaccination strategies in vulnerable populations. However, further research is needed to evaluate the involvement of immune tolerance and exhaustion through repeated vaccination to optimize immunization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Tani
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Morihito Takita
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Wakui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Saito
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soma Central Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | | | - Tianchen Zhao
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Chika Yamamoto
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawamura
- Proteomics Laboratory, Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Sugiyama
- Proteomics Laboratory, Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Nakayama
- Proteomics Laboratory, Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yudai Kaneko
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Medical and Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kodama
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuzaburo Shinaha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soma Central Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masaharu Tsubokura
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soma Central Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
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