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李 雨, 王 瑗, 袁 泉. [Latest Findings on the Role of α-Ketoglutarate in Metabolic Syndrome]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2024; 55:783-792. [PMID: 38948289 PMCID: PMC11211801 DOI: 10.12182/20240560302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG), an endogenous intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, is involved in a variety of cellular metabolic pathways. It serves as an energy donor, a precursor of amino acid biosynthesis, and an epigenetic regulator. α-KG plays physiological functions in immune regulation, oxidative stress, and anti-aging as well. In recent years, it has been reported that the level of α-KG in the body is closely associated with metabolic syndrome, including obesity, hyperglycemia, and other pathological factors. Exogenous supplementation of α-KG improves obesity, blood glucose levels, and cardiovascular disease risks associated with metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, α-KG regulates the common pathological mechanisms of metabolic syndrome, suggesting the potential application prospect of α-KG in metabolic syndrome. In order to provide a theoretical basis for further exploration of the application of α-KG in metabolic syndrome, we focused on α-KG and metabolic syndrome in this article and summarized the latest research progress in the role of α-KG in improving the pathological condition and disease progression of metabolic syndrome. For the next step, researchers may focus on the co-pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and investigate whether α-KG can be used to achieve the therapeutic goal of "homotherapy for heteropathy" in the treatment of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- 雨含 李
- 口腔疾病防治全国重点实验室 国家口腔医学中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 种植科 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Implant, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 瑗 王
- 口腔疾病防治全国重点实验室 国家口腔医学中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 种植科 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Implant, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 泉 袁
- 口腔疾病防治全国重点实验室 国家口腔医学中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 种植科 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Implant, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Du Y, Lin X, Shao X, Zhao J, Xu H, de Cruz CR, Xu Q. Effects of supplementing coated methionine in a high plant-protein diet on growth, antioxidant capacity, digestive enzymes activity and expression of TOR signaling pathway associated genes in gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1319698. [PMID: 38646543 PMCID: PMC11026611 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1319698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explored the impacts of supplementation of different levels of coated methionine (Met) in a high-plant protein diet on growth, blood biochemistry, antioxidant capacity, digestive enzymes activity and expression of genes related to TOR signaling pathway in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibeilo). A high-plant protein diet was formulated and used as a basal diet and supplemented with five different levels of coated Met at 0.15, 0.30, 0.45, 0.60 and 0.75%, corresponding to final analyzed Met levels of 0.34, 0.49, 0.64, 0.76, 0.92 and 1.06%. Three replicate groups of fish (initial mean weight, 11.37 ± 0.02 g) (20 fish per replicate) were fed the test diets over a 10-week feeding period. The results indicated that with the increase of coated Met level, the final weight, weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate initially boosted and then suppressed, peaking at 0.76% Met level (P< 0.05). Increasing dietary Met level led to significantly increased muscle crude protein content (P< 0.05) and reduced serum alanine aminotransferase activity (P< 0.05). Using appropriate dietary Met level led to reduced malondialdehyde concentration in hepatopancreas (P< 0.05), improved superoxide dismutase activity (P< 0.05), and enhanced intestinal amylase and protease activities (P< 0.05). The expression levels of genes associated with muscle protein synthesis such as insulin-like growth factor-1, protein kinase B, target of rapamycin and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein-1 mRNA were significantly regulated, peaking at Met level of 0.76% (P< 0.05). In conclusion, supplementing optimal level of coated Met improved on fish growth, antioxidant capacity, and the expression of TOR pathway related genes in muscle. The optimal dietary Met level was determined to be 0.71% of the diet based on quadratic regression analysis of WG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Du
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Lin
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Xianping Shao
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Bioresource Conservation and Development Technology, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Nation Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Huzhou Universityy, Huzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Bioresource Conservation and Development Technology, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Nation Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Huzhou Universityy, Huzhou, China
| | - Hong Xu
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Bioresource Conservation and Development Technology, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Nation Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Huzhou Universityy, Huzhou, China
| | - Clement R. de Cruz
- Laboratory of Sustainable Aquaculture, International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Qiyou Xu
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Bioresource Conservation and Development Technology, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Nation Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Huzhou Universityy, Huzhou, China
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Ma S, Wang L, Zeng Y, Tan P, Chen R, Hu W, Xu H, Xu D. Reparative effect of different dietary additives on soybean meal-induced intestinal injury in yellow drum ( Nibea albiflora). Front Immunol 2023; 14:1296848. [PMID: 38143747 PMCID: PMC10748416 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1296848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean meal (SBM) is an acceptable replacement for unsustainable marine fish meal (FM) in aquaculture. However, we previously reported that high dietary SBM supplementation causes intestinal inflammatory injury in yellow drum (Nibea albiflora). Accordingly, a 4-week SBM-induced enteritis (SBMIE) in yellow drum trial was conducted first, followed by a 4-week additive-supplemented reparative experiment to evaluate the reparative effect of five additives on SBMIE in yellow drum. The control diet comprised 50% FM protein substituted with SBM. The additive-supplemented diet was added with 0.02% curcumin (SBMC), 0.05% berberine (SBM-BBR), 0.5% tea polyphenols (SBM-TPS), 1% taurine (SBM-TAU), or 0.8% glutamine (SBM-GLU) based on the control diet, respectively. The weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency ratio (FER), and survival rate (SR) of fish fed the additive-supplemented diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed the SBM diet. The WG, SGR, and FER of fish fed the SBMC, SBM-GLU and SBM-TAU diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed other diets. Moreover, fish fed the additive-supplemented diets SBMC and SBM-GLU, exhibited significantly increased intestinal villus height (IVH), intestinal muscular thickness (IMRT), and intestinal mucosal thickness (IMLT) and significantly decreased crypt depth (CD) in comparison with those fed the SBM diets. The relative expression of intestinal tight junction factors (ocln, zo1), cytoskeletal factors (f-actin, arp2/3), and anti-inflammatory cytokines (il10, tgfb) mRNA was remarkably elevated in fish fed additive-supplemented diets than those of fish fed the SBM diet. Whereas, the relative expression of intestinal myosin light chain kinase (mlck) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (il1, il6, tnfa) mRNA was markedly lower in fish fed the additive-supplemented diets. The highest relative expression of intestinal ocln, f-actin, and arp2/3 and the lowest relative expression of intestinal mlck were found in fish fed the SBMC diet. Hence, all five dietary additives effectively repaired the intestinal injury induced by SBM, with curcumin exhibiting the strongest repair effect for SBMIE in yellow drum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng Ma
- Fisheries College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Ligai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Enhancement, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan, China
| | - Yanqing Zeng
- Fisheries College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Peng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Enhancement, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan, China
| | - Ruiyi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Enhancement, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan, China
| | - Weihua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Enhancement, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan, China
| | - Hanxiang Xu
- Fisheries College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Dongdong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Enhancement, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan, China
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He Y, Dong X, Yang Q, Liu H, Zhang S, Chi S, Tan B. Glutamine improves growth and intestinal health in juvenile hybrid groupers fed high-dose glycinin. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 141:109003. [PMID: 37604266 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Glutamine addition can improve immunity and intestinal development in fish. This study examined the protective roles of glutamine on growth suppression and enteritis induced by glycinin in juvenile hybrid groupers (female Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × male Epinephelus lanceolatus). The experiment set four isonitrogenous and isolipidic trial diets: a diet containing 10% glycinin (11S), 10% of 11S diet supplemented with 1% or 2% alanine-glutamine (1% or 2% Ala-Gln), and a diet containing neither 11S nor Ala-Gln (FM). A feeding trial was conducted in hybrid grouper for 8 weeks. Weight gain and specific growth rates in Groups 1% and 2% Ala-Gln were significantly higher than those of the 11S group but were similar to those of the FM group. The intestinal muscular layer thickness, plica height and width of the 2% Ala-Gln group were significantly higher than those of Group 11S. The enterocyte proliferation efficiency of the 11S group was significantly lower compared to other groups. Compared with the 11S group, Groups 1% and 2% Ala-Gln fish had increased intestinal lysozyme activities, complement 3 and immunoglobulin M as well as cathelicidin contents. The mRNA levels of tnf-α, il-1β, ifn-α, and hsp70 genes were more downregulated in Groups 1% and 2% Ala-Gln than in Group 11S. Compared with FM group, fish from the 11S group had significantly lower mRNA levels of myd88, ikkβ, and nf-κb p65 genes. These three values in the 2% Ala-Gln group were significantly lower than those in Group 11S but not significantly different from those of Group FM. The relative abundance of Vibrio in Group 11S was higher than that in Groups FM and 2% Ala-Gln. Intestinal glutamine, glutaminase, glutamic acid, α-ketoglutarate, malate dehydrogenase and ATP contents were higher in Groups 1% and 2% Ala-Gln than in Group 11S. These results suggest that glutamine is a useful feed additive to enhance growth and intestinal immunity, alleviate inflammation, and modulate gut microbiota in hybrid grouper fed high-dose glycinin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfa He
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Qihui Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Shuyan Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| | - Beiping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
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Zhou Z, Zhao J, de Cruz CR, Xu H, Wang L, Xu Q. Alpha-ketoglutaric acid mitigates the detrimental effects of soy antigenic protein on the intestinal health and growth performance of Mirror carp Cyprinus carpio. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2023; 49:951-965. [PMID: 37665506 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01234-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The study investigated the alleviated effects of Alpha-ketoglutaric acid (AKG) on the intestinal health of mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio Songpu) caused by soy antigenic protein. The diets were formulated from fishmeal (CON), 50% soybean meal (SBM), the mixture of glycinin and β-conglycinin (11 + 7S) and adding 1% AKG in the 11 + 7S (AKG). Carp (~ 4 g) in triplicate (30 fish per tank) was fed to apparent satiation thrice a day for six weeks. Compared with CON, SBM treatment resulted in significantly poor growth performance (P < 0.05), whereas 11 + 7S and AKG treatments were not significantly different from CON (P > 0.05). Gene expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) in proximal intestines (PI) and distal intestines (DI) were increased (P < 0.05), and transforming growth factor (TGF-β) in PI and middle intestines (MI) was decreased (P < 0.05) in both SBM and 11 + 7S. The caspase-3 in DI increased in SBM (P < 0.05) and the caspase-3 and caspase-9 in DI increased in 11 + 7S (P < 0.05); conversely, TGF-β in PI and MI was increased, TNF-α and IL-1β in the MI, caspase-3, and caspase-9 in DI was decreased in AKG (P < 0.05). The TOR (target of rapamycin) in PI and MI, ACC in PI, MI and DI was decreased in SBM (P < 0.05), the AMPK in the PI and DI, TOR in PI, MI and DI, ACC in PI and DI, 4E-BP in DI was reduced in 11 + 7S (P < 0.05). AMPK in the PI and DI, ACC in the PI and MI, TOR in PI, MI, and DI, 4E-BP in PI and DI was recovered by AKG supplementation (P < 0.05). Lipids and lipid-like metabolism, organic acids and derivatives metabolism increased in AKG dietary treatment. In conclusion, AKG reduces the expression of intestinal inflammation and apoptosis pathway and changes glycerophospholipid metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism in the intestine of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuliang Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Bioresource Conservation and Development Technology, Huzhou, 313000, China
- Guangdong HAID Group Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Bioresource Conservation and Development Technology, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Clement R de Cruz
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hong Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Bioresource Conservation and Development Technology, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Liansheng Wang
- Animal Nutrition Laboratory, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, 150070, China
| | - Qiyou Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Bioresource Conservation and Development Technology, Huzhou, 313000, China.
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