1
|
Ravkov EV, Williams ESCP, Elgort M, Barker AP, Planelles V, Spivak AM, Delgado JC, Lin L, Hanley TM. Reduced monocyte proportions and responsiveness in convalescent COVID-19 patients. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1329026. [PMID: 38250080 PMCID: PMC10797708 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1329026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The clinical manifestations of acute severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) suggest a dysregulation of the host immune response that leads to inflammation, thrombosis, and organ dysfunction. It is less clear whether these dysregulated processes persist during the convalescent phase of disease or during long COVID. We sought to examine the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the proportions of classical, intermediate, and nonclassical monocytes, their activation status, and their functional properties in convalescent COVID-19 patients. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from convalescent COVID-19 patients and uninfected controls were analyzed by multiparameter flow cytometry to determine relative percentages of total monocytes and monocyte subsets. The expression of activation markers and proinflammatory cytokines in response to LPS treatment were measured by flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively. Results We found that the percentage of total monocytes was decreased in convalescent COVID-19 patients compared to uninfected controls. This was due to decreased intermediate and non-classical monocytes. Classical monocytes from convalescent COVID-19 patients demonstrated a decrease in activation markers, such as CD56, in response to stimulation with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In addition, classical monocytes from convalescent COVID-19 patients showed decreased expression of CD142 (tissue factor), which can initiate the extrinsic coagulation cascade, in response to LPS stimulation. Finally, we found that monocytes from convalescent COVID-19 patients produced less TNF-α and IL-6 in response to LPS stimulation, than those from uninfected controls. Conclusion SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibits a clear effect on the relative proportions of monocyte subsets, the activation status of classical monocytes, and proinflammatory cytokine production that persists during the convalescent phase of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugene V. Ravkov
- ARUP Laboratories Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Elizabeth S. C. P. Williams
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Marc Elgort
- ARUP Laboratories Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Adam P. Barker
- ARUP Laboratories Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Pathology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Vicente Planelles
- Department of Pathology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Adam M. Spivak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Julio C. Delgado
- ARUP Laboratories Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Pathology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Leo Lin
- ARUP Laboratories Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Pathology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Timothy M. Hanley
- ARUP Laboratories Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Pathology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| |
Collapse
|