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Zhang L, Tang Y, Huang P, Luo S, She Z, Peng H, Chen Y, Luo J, Duan W, Xiong J, Liu L, Liu L. Role of NLRP3 inflammasome in central nervous system diseases. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:75. [PMID: 38849934 PMCID: PMC11162045 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01256-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is the most delicate system in human body, with the most complex structure and function. It is vulnerable to trauma, infection, neurodegeneration and autoimmune diseases, and activates the immune system. An appropriate inflammatory response contributes to defence against invading microbes, whereas an excessive inflammatory response can aggravate tissue damage. The NLRP3 inflammasome was the first one studied in the brain. Once primed and activated, it completes the assembly of inflammasome (sensor NLRP3, adaptor ASC, and effector caspase-1), leading to caspase-1 activation and increased release of downstream inflammatory cytokines, as well as to pyroptosis. Cumulative studies have confirmed that NLRP3 plays an important role in regulating innate immunity and autoimmune diseases, and its inhibitors have shown good efficacy in animal models of various inflammatory diseases. In this review, we will briefly discuss the biological characteristics of NLRP3 inflammasome, summarize the recent advances and clinical impact of the NLRP3 inflammasome in infectious, inflammatory, immune, degenerative, genetic, and vascular diseases of CNS, and discuss the potential and challenges of NLRP3 as a therapeutic target for CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, HuChina, 410011, China
| | - Yufen Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, HuChina, 410011, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, HuChina, 410011, China
| | - Senlin Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, HuChina, 410011, China
| | - Zhou She
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, HuChina, 410011, China
| | - Hong Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, HuChina, 410011, China
| | - Yuqiong Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, HuChina, 410011, China
| | - Jinwen Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, HuChina, 410011, China
| | - Wangxin Duan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Jie Xiong
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, HuChina, 410011, China
| | - Lingjuan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, HuChina, 410011, China
| | - Liqun Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, HuChina, 410011, China.
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Ma Y, Liu Z, Deng L, Du J, Fan Z, Ma T, Xiong J, Xiuyun X, Gu N, Di Z, Zhang Y. FGF21 attenuates neuroinflammation following subarachnoid hemorrhage through promoting mitophagy and inhibiting the cGAS-STING pathway. J Transl Med 2024; 22:436. [PMID: 38720350 PMCID: PMC11077765 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05239-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) represents a form of cerebrovascular event characterized by a notable mortality and morbidity rate. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a versatile hormone predominantly synthesized by the hepatic tissue, has emerged as a promising neuroprotective agent. Nevertheless, the precise impacts and underlying mechanisms of FGF21 in the context of SAH remain enigmatic. METHODS To elucidate the role of FGF21 in inhibiting the microglial cGAS-STING pathway and providing protection against SAH-induced cerebral injury, a series of cellular and molecular techniques, including western blot analysis, real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, RNA sequencing, and behavioral assays, were employed. RESULTS Administration of recombinant fibroblast growth factor 21 (rFGF21) effectively mitigated neural apoptosis, improved cerebral edema, and attenuated neurological impairments post-SAH. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that SAH triggered the upregulation of numerous genes linked to innate immunity, particularly those involved in the type I interferon (IFN-I) pathway and microglial function, which were notably suppressed upon adjunctive rFGF21 treatment. Mechanistically, rFGF21 intervention facilitated mitophagy in an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent manner, thereby preventing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release into the cytoplasm and dampening the activation of the DNA-sensing cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway. Conditional knockout of STING in microglia markedly ameliorated the inflammatory response and mitigated secondary brain injuries post-SAH. CONCLUSION Our results present the initial evidence that FGF21 confers a protective effect against neuroinflammation-associated brain damage subsequent to SAH. Mechanistically, we have elucidated a novel pathway by which FGF21 exerts this neuroprotection through inhibition of the cGAS-STING signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ma
- Department of Neurology, The affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhiqin Liu
- Department of Neurology, The affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lele Deng
- Department of Scientific Research Section, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingjing Du
- Department of Neurology, The affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zenghui Fan
- Department of Scientific Research Section, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tian Ma
- Department of Scientific Research Section, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Xiong
- Department of Neurology, The affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xue Xiuyun
- Department of Neurology, The affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Naibing Gu
- Department of Neurology, The affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhengli Di
- Department of Neurology, The affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China.
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Zhao J, Chen C, Ge L, Jiang Z, Hu Z, Yin L. TAK1 inhibition mitigates intracerebral hemorrhage-induced brain injury through reduction of oxidative stress and neuronal pyroptosis via the NRF2 signaling pathway. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1386780. [PMID: 38756773 PMCID: PMC11096530 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1386780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) often triggers oxidative stress through reactive oxygen species (ROS). Transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) plays a pivotal role in regulating oxidative stress and inflammation across various diseases. 5Z-7-Oxozeaenol (OZ), a specific inhibitor of TAK1, has exhibited therapeutic effects in various conditions. However, the impact of OZ following ICH and its underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. This study aimed to explore the possible role of OZ in ICH and its underlying mechanisms by inhibiting oxidative stress-mediated pyroptosis. Methods Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to an ICH model, followed by treatment with OZ. Neurobehavioral function, blood-brain barrier integrity, neuronal pyroptosis, and oxidative stress markers were assessed using various techniques including behavioral tests, immunofluorescence staining, western blotting, transmission electron microscopy, and biochemical assays. Results Our study revealed that OZ administration significantly inhibited phosphorylated TAK1 expression post-ICH. Furthermore, TAK1 blockade by OZ attenuated blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, neuroinflammation, and oxidative damage while enhancing neurobehavioral function. Mechanistically, OZ administration markedly reduced ROS production and oxidative stress by facilitating nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) nuclear translocation. This was accompanied by a subsequent suppression of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) activation-mediated inflammatory cascade and neuronal pyroptosis. Discussion Our findings highlight that OZ alleviates brain injury and oxidative stress-mediated pyroptosis via the NRF2 pathway. Inhibition of TAK1 emerges as a promising approach for managing ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Stroke Prevention and Treatment of Hunan Province, Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunli Chen
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Stroke Prevention and Treatment of Hunan Province, Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lite Ge
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Stroke Prevention and Treatment of Hunan Province, Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Stroke Prevention and Treatment of Hunan Province, Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Stroke Prevention and Treatment of Hunan Province, Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lihong Yin
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Stroke Prevention and Treatment of Hunan Province, Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Kang J, Tian S, Zhang L, Yang G. Ferroptosis in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage: review of literature. Chin Neurosurg J 2024; 10:6. [PMID: 38347652 PMCID: PMC10863120 DOI: 10.1186/s41016-024-00357-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), mainly caused by ruptured intracranial aneurysms, is a serious acute cerebrovascular disease. Early brain injury (EBI) is all brain injury occurring within 72 h after SAH, mainly including increased intracranial pressure, decreased cerebral blood flow, disruption of the blood-brain barrier, brain edema, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. It activates cell death pathways, leading to neuronal and glial cell death, and is significantly associated with poor prognosis. Ferroptosis is characterized by iron-dependent accumulation of lipid peroxides and is involved in the process of neuron and glial cell death in early brain injury. This paper reviews the research progress of ferroptosis in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage and provides new ideas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Kang
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
| | - Shilai Tian
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
| | - Gang Yang
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China.
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