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Nikitina AA, Van Grouw A, Roysam T, Huang D, Fernández FM, Kemp ML. Mass Spectrometry Imaging Reveals Early Metabolic Priming of Cell Lineage in Differentiating Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Anal Chem 2023; 95:4880-4888. [PMID: 36898041 PMCID: PMC10034746 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold great promise in regenerative medicine; however, few algorithms of quality control at the earliest stages of differentiation have been established. Despite lipids having known functions in cell signaling, their role in pluripotency maintenance and lineage specification is underexplored. We investigated the changes in iPSC lipid profiles during the initial loss of pluripotency over the course of spontaneous differentiation using the co-registration of confocal microscopy and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging. We identified phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) species that are highly informative of the temporal stage of differentiation and can reveal iPS cell lineage bifurcation occurring metabolically. Several PI species emerged from the machine learning analysis of MS data as the early metabolic markers of pluripotency loss, preceding changes in the pluripotency transcription factor Oct4. The manipulation of phospholipids via PI 3-kinase inhibition during differentiation manifested in the spatial reorganization of the iPS cell colony and elevated expression of NCAM-1. In addition, the continuous inhibition of phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase during differentiation resulted in the enhanced maintenance of pluripotency. Our machine learning analysis highlights the predictive power of lipidomic metrics for evaluating the early lineage specification in the initial stages of spontaneous iPSC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arina A Nikitina
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Alexandria Van Grouw
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Tanya Roysam
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Danning Huang
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Facundo M Fernández
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Melissa L Kemp
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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2
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Floy ME, Shabnam F, Simmons AD, Bhute VJ, Jin G, Friedrich WA, Steinberg AB, Palecek SP. Advances in Manufacturing Cardiomyocytes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2022; 13:255-278. [PMID: 35320695 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092120-033922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) technology over the past two decades has provided a source of normal and diseased human cells for a wide variety of in vitro and in vivo applications. Notably, hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) are widely used to model human heart development and disease and are in clinical trials for treating heart disease. The success of hPSC-CMs in these applications requires robust, scalable approaches to manufacture large numbers of safe and potent cells. Although significant advances have been made over the past decade in improving the purity and yield of hPSC-CMs and scaling the differentiation process from 2D to 3D, efforts to induce maturation phenotypes during manufacturing have been slow. Process monitoring and closed-loop manufacturing strategies are just being developed. We discuss recent advances in hPSC-CM manufacturing, including differentiation process development and scaling and downstream processes as well as separation and stabilization. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Volume 13 is October 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha E Floy
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; , , , , ,
| | - Fathima Shabnam
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; , , , , ,
| | - Aaron D Simmons
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; , , , , ,
| | - Vijesh J Bhute
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; , .,Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gyuhyung Jin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA;
| | - Will A Friedrich
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; , , , , ,
| | - Alexandra B Steinberg
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; , , , , ,
| | - Sean P Palecek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; , , , , ,
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3
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Dhahri W, Sadikov Valdman T, Wilkinson D, Pereira E, Ceylan E, Andharia N, Qiang B, Masoudpour H, Wulkan F, Quesnel E, Jiang W, Funakoshi S, Mazine A, Gomez-Garcia MJ, Latifi N, Jiang Y, Huszti E, Simmons CA, Keller G, Laflamme MA. In Vitro Matured Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Cardiomyocytes Form Grafts With Enhanced Structure and Function in Injured Hearts. Circulation 2022; 145:1412-1426. [PMID: 35089805 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.053563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) have tremendous promise for application in cardiac regeneration, but their translational potential is limited by an immature phenotype. We hypothesized that large-scale manufacturing of mature hPSC-CMs could be achieved via culture on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) lined roller bottles and that the transplantation of these cells would mediate better structural and functional outcomes than with conventional immature hPSC-CM populations. METHODS We comprehensively phenotyped hPSC-CMs after in vitro maturation for 20 and 40 days on either PDMS or standard tissue culture plastic (TCP) substrates. All hPSC-CMs were generated using a transgenic hPSC line that stably expressed a voltage-sensitive fluorescent reporter to facilitate in vitro and in vivo electrophysiological studies, and cardiomyocyte populations were also analyzed in vitro by immunocytochemistry, ultrastructure and fluorescent calcium imaging, as well as bulk and single-cell transcriptomics. We next compared outcomes after the transplantation of these populations into a guinea pig model of myocardial infarction (MI) using endpoints including histology, optical mapping of graft- and host-derived action potentials, echocardiography, and telemetric electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring. RESULTS We demonstrated the economic generation of >1x108 mature hPSC-CMs per PDMS-lined roller bottle. Compared to their counterparts generated on TCP substrates, PDMS-matured hPSC-CMs exhibited increased cardiac gene expression and more mature structural and functional properties in vitro. More importantly, intra-cardiac grafts formed with PDMS-matured myocytes showed greatly enhanced structure and alignment, better host-graft electromechanical integration, less pro-arrhythmic behavior, and greater beneficial effects on contractile function. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we describe practical methods for the scaled generation of mature hPSC-CMs and provide the first evidence that the transplantation of more mature cardiomyocytes yields better outcomes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahiba Dhahri
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Eylül Ceylan
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Naaz Andharia
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Beiping Qiang
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hassan Masoudpour
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fanny Wulkan
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elya Quesnel
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wenlei Jiang
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shunsuke Funakoshi
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amine Mazine
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Juliana Gomez-Garcia
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Neda Latifi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yidi Jiang
- Biostatistics Research Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ella Huszti
- Biostatistics Research Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Craig A Simmons
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gordon Keller
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael A Laflamme
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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4
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Floy ME, Dunn KK, Mateyka TD, Reichardt IM, Steinberg AB, Palecek SP. Direct coculture of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac progenitor cells with epicardial cells induces cardiomyocyte proliferation and reduces sarcomere organization. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 162:144-157. [PMID: 34560089 PMCID: PMC8766908 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Epicardial cells (EpiCs) are necessary for myocardium formation, yet little is known about crosstalk between EpiCs and cardiomyocytes (CMs) during development and the potential impact of EpiCs on CM maturation. To investigate the effects of EpiCs on CM commitment and maturation, we differentiated human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) and EpiCs, and cocultured EpiCs and CPCs for two weeks. When EpiCs were allowed to form epicardial-derived cells, we observed increased expression of cTnI in developing CMs. In the presence of the TGFβ inhibitor A83-01, EpiCs remained in the epicardial state and induced CM proliferation, increased MLC2v expression, and led to less organized sarcomeres. These effects were not observed if CPCs were treated with EpiC-conditioned medium or if CPCs were indirectly cocultured with EpiCs. Finally, single cell RNA sequencing identified that EpiC-CPC coculture had bi-directional effects on transcriptional programs in EpiCs and CMs, and biased EpiC lineages from a SFRP2-enriched population to a DLK1- or C3-enriched population. This work suggests important crosstalk between EpiCs and CMs during differentiation which can be used to influence cell fate and improve the ability to generate cardiac cells and tissues for in vitro models and development of cardiac cellular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha E. Floy
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States of America
| | - Kaitlin K. Dunn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States of America
| | - Taylor D. Mateyka
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States of America
| | - Isabella M. Reichardt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States of America
| | - Alexandra B. Steinberg
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States of America
| | - Sean P. Palecek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States of America,Correspondence:
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5
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Disease Modeling of Mitochondrial Cardiomyopathy Using Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10100981. [PMID: 34681080 PMCID: PMC8533352 DOI: 10.3390/biology10100981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial cardiomyopathy (MCM) is characterized as an oxidative phosphorylation disorder of the heart. More than 100 genetic variants in nuclear or mitochondrial DNA have been associated with MCM. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms linking genetic variants to MCM are not fully understood due to the lack of appropriate cellular and animal models. Patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) provide an attractive experimental platform for modeling cardiovascular diseases and predicting drug efficacy to such diseases. Here we introduce the pathological and therapeutic studies of MCM using iPSC-CMs and discuss the questions and latest strategies for research using iPSC-CMs.
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6
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Lewis-Israeli YR, Wasserman AH, Gabalski MA, Volmert BD, Ming Y, Ball KA, Yang W, Zou J, Ni G, Pajares N, Chatzistavrou X, Li W, Zhou C, Aguirre A. Self-assembling human heart organoids for the modeling of cardiac development and congenital heart disease. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5142. [PMID: 34446706 PMCID: PMC8390749 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25329-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart defects constitute the most common human birth defect, however understanding of how these disorders originate is limited by our ability to model the human heart accurately in vitro. Here we report a method to generate developmentally relevant human heart organoids by self-assembly using human pluripotent stem cells. Our procedure is fully defined, efficient, reproducible, and compatible with high-content approaches. Organoids are generated through a three-step Wnt signaling modulation strategy using chemical inhibitors and growth factors. Heart organoids are comparable to age-matched human fetal cardiac tissues at the transcriptomic, structural, and cellular level. They develop sophisticated internal chambers with well-organized multi-lineage cardiac cell types, recapitulate heart field formation and atrioventricular specification, develop a complex vasculature, and exhibit robust functional activity. We also show that our organoid platform can recreate complex metabolic disorders associated with congenital heart defects, as demonstrated by an in vitro model of pregestational diabetes-induced congenital heart defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonatan R Lewis-Israeli
- Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Aaron H Wasserman
- Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Mitchell A Gabalski
- Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Brett D Volmert
- Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Yixuan Ming
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kristen A Ball
- Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Weiyang Yang
- Division of Biomedical Devices, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jinyun Zou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Guangming Ni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Natalia Pajares
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Xanthippi Chatzistavrou
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Wen Li
- Division of Biomedical Devices, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Aitor Aguirre
- Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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7
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Charrez B, Charwat V, Siemons BA, Goswami I, Sakolish C, Luo YS, Finsberg H, Edwards AG, Miller EW, Rusyn I, Healy KE. Heart Muscle Microphysiological System for Cardiac Liability Prediction of Repurposed COVID-19 Therapeutics. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:684252. [PMID: 34421592 PMCID: PMC8378272 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.684252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite global efforts, it took 7 months between the proclamation of global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the first FDA-approved treatment for COVID-19. During this timeframe, clinicians focused their efforts on repurposing drugs, such as hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) or azithromycin (AZM) to treat hospitalized COVID-19 patients. While clinical trials are time-consuming, the exponential increase in hospitalizations compelled the FDA to grant an emergency use authorization for HCQ and AZM as treatment for COVID-19, although there was limited evidence of their combined efficacy and safety. The authorization was revoked 4 months later, giving rise to controversial political and scientific debates illustrating important challenges such as premature authorization of potentially ineffective or unsafe therapeutics, while diverting resources from screening of effective drugs. Here we report on a preclinical drug screening platform, a cardiac microphysiological system (MPS), to rapidly identify clinically relevant cardiac liabilities associated with HCQ and AZM. The cardiac MPS is a microfabricated fluidic system in which cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells self-arrange into a uniaxially beating tissue. The drug response was measured using outputs that correlate with clinical measurements such as action potential duration (proxy for clinical QT interval) and drug-biomarker pairing. The cardiac MPS predicted clinical arrhythmias associated with QT prolongation and rhythm instabilities in tissues treated with HCQ. We found no change in QT interval upon acute exposure to AZM, while still observing a significant increase in arrhythmic events. These results suggest that this MPS can not only predict arrhythmias, but it can also identify arrhythmias even when QT prolongation is absent. When exposed to HCQ and AZM polytherapy, this MPS faithfully reflected clinical findings, in that the combination of drugs synergistically increased QT interval when compared to single drug exposure, while not worsening the overall frequency of arrhythmic events. The high content cardiac MPS can rapidly evaluate the cardiac safety of potential therapeutics, ultimately accelerating patients' access to safe and effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bérénice Charrez
- Department of Bioengineering and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Verena Charwat
- Department of Bioengineering and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Brian A. Siemons
- Department of Bioengineering and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Ishan Goswami
- Department of Bioengineering and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Courtney Sakolish
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Yu-Syuan Luo
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | | | - Andrew G. Edwards
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Evan W. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Kevin E. Healy
- Department of Bioengineering and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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8
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Arai K, Kitsuka T, Nakayama K. Scaffold-based and scaffold-free cardiac constructs for drug testing. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [PMID: 34233316 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac1257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The safety and therapeutic efficacy of new drugs are tested in experimental animals. However, besides being a laborious, costly process, differences in drug responses between humans and other animals and potential cardiac adverse effects lead to the discontinued development of new drugs. Thus, alternative approaches to animal tests are needed. Cardiotoxicity and responses of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) to drugs are conventionally evaluated by cell seeding and two-dimensional (2D) culture, which allows measurements of field potential duration and the action potentials of CMs using multielectrode arrays. However, 2D-cultured hiPSC-CMs lack 3D spatial adhesion, and have fewer intercellular and extracellular matrix interactions, as well as different contractile behavior from CMsin vivo. This issue has been addressed using tissue engineering to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) cardiac constructs from hiPSC-CMs culturedin vitro. Tissue engineering can be categorized as scaffold-based and scaffold-free. In scaffold-based tissue engineering, collagen and fibrin gel scaffolds comprise a 3D culture environment in which seeded cells exhibit cardiac-specific functions and drug responses, whereas 3D cardiac constructs fabricated by tissue engineering without a scaffold have high cell density and form intercellular interactions. This review summarizes the characteristics of scaffold-based and scaffold-free cardiac tissue engineering and discusses the applications of fabricated cardiac constructs to drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Arai
- Center for Regenerative Medicine Research, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.,Department of Clinical Biomaterial Applied Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kitsuka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakayama
- Center for Regenerative Medicine Research, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
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9
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Deuse T, Tediashvili G, Hu X, Gravina A, Tamenang A, Wang D, Connolly A, Mueller C, Mallavia B, Looney MR, Alawi M, Lanier LL, Schrepfer S. Hypoimmune induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cell therapeutics treat cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases in immunocompetent allogeneic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2022091118. [PMID: 34244428 PMCID: PMC8285900 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2022091118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The emerging field of regenerative cell therapy is still limited by the few cell types that can reliably be differentiated from pluripotent stem cells and by the immune hurdle of commercially scalable allogeneic cell therapeutics. Here, we show that gene-edited, immune-evasive cell grafts can survive and successfully treat diseases in immunocompetent, fully allogeneic recipients. Transplanted endothelial cells improved perfusion and increased the likelihood of limb preservation in mice with critical limb ischemia. Endothelial cell grafts transduced to express a transgene for alpha1-antitrypsin (A1AT) successfully restored physiologic A1AT serum levels in mice with genetic A1AT deficiency. This cell therapy prevented both structural and functional changes of emphysematous lung disease. A mixture of endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes was injected into infarcted mouse hearts, and both cell types orthotopically engrafted in the ischemic areas. Cell therapy led to an improvement in invasive hemodynamic heart failure parameters. Our study supports the development of hypoimmune, universal regenerative cell therapeutics for cost-effective treatments of major diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Deuse
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Transplant and Stem Cell Immunobiology Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Grigol Tediashvili
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Transplant and Stem Cell Immunobiology Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Xiaomeng Hu
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Transplant and Stem Cell Immunobiology Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Sana Biotechnology Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Alessia Gravina
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Transplant and Stem Cell Immunobiology Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Annika Tamenang
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Transplant and Stem Cell Immunobiology Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dong Wang
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Transplant and Stem Cell Immunobiology Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Andrew Connolly
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Christian Mueller
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA 01605
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Beñat Mallavia
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Mark R Looney
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Malik Alawi
- Bioinformatics Core, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lewis L Lanier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Sonja Schrepfer
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Transplant and Stem Cell Immunobiology Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143;
- Sana Biotechnology Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
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10
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Jang JH, Kim MS, Antao AM, Jo WJ, Kim HJ, Kim SJ, Choi MJ, Ramakrishna S, Kim KS. Bioactive Lipid O-cyclic phytosphingosine-1-phosphate Promotes Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells into Cardiomyocytes via ALK3/BMPR Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137015. [PMID: 34209900 PMCID: PMC8267745 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult human cardiomyocytes have an extremely limited proliferative capacity, which poses a great barrier to regenerative medicine and research. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have been proposed as an alternative source to generate large numbers of clinical grade cardiomyocytes (CMs) that can have potential therapeutic applications to treat cardiac diseases. Previous studies have shown that bioactive lipids are involved in diverse cellular responses including cardiogenesis. In this study, we explored the novel function of the chemically synthesized bioactive lipid O-cyclic phytosphingosine-1-phosphate (cP1P) as an inducer of cardiac differentiation. Here, we identified cP1P as a novel factor that significantly enhances the differentiation potential of hESCs into cardiomyocytes. Treatment with cP1P augments the beating colony number and contracting area of CMs. Furthermore, we elucidated the molecular mechanism of cP1P regulating SMAD1/5/8 signaling via the ALK3/BMP receptor cascade during cardiac differentiation. Our result provides a new insight for cP1P usage to improve the quality of CM differentiation for regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Jang
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (J.-H.J.); (M.-S.K.); (A.M.A.); (W.-J.J.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Min-Seong Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (J.-H.J.); (M.-S.K.); (A.M.A.); (W.-J.J.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Ainsley Mike Antao
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (J.-H.J.); (M.-S.K.); (A.M.A.); (W.-J.J.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Won-Jun Jo
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (J.-H.J.); (M.-S.K.); (A.M.A.); (W.-J.J.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Hyung-Joon Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (J.-H.J.); (M.-S.K.); (A.M.A.); (W.-J.J.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Su-Jin Kim
- Axceso Biopharma Co., Ltd., Yongin 16914, Korea; (S.-J.K.); (M.-J.C.)
| | - Myeong-Jun Choi
- Axceso Biopharma Co., Ltd., Yongin 16914, Korea; (S.-J.K.); (M.-J.C.)
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (J.-H.J.); (M.-S.K.); (A.M.A.); (W.-J.J.); (H.-J.K.)
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Correspondence: or (S.R.); (K.-S.K.)
| | - Kye-Seong Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (J.-H.J.); (M.-S.K.); (A.M.A.); (W.-J.J.); (H.-J.K.)
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Correspondence: or (S.R.); (K.-S.K.)
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11
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Kahn-Krell A, Pretorius D, Ou J, Fast VG, Litovsky S, Berry J, Liu X(M, Zhang J. Bioreactor Suspension Culture: Differentiation and Production of Cardiomyocyte Spheroids From Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:674260. [PMID: 34178964 PMCID: PMC8226172 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.674260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced-pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can be efficiently differentiated into cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) via the GiWi method, which uses small-molecule inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) and tankyrase to first activate and then suppress Wnt signaling. However, this method is typically conducted in 6-well culture plates with two-dimensional (2D) cell sheets, and consequently, cannot be easily scaled to produce the large numbers of hiPSC-CMs needed for clinical applications. Cell suspensions are more suitable than 2D systems for commercial biomanufacturing, and suspended hiPSCs form free-floating aggregates (i.e., spheroids) that can also be differentiated into hiPSC-CMs. Here, we introduce a protocol for differentiating suspensions of hiPSC spheroids into cardiomyocytes that is based on the GiWi method. After optimization based on cardiac troponin T staining, the purity of hiPSC-CMs differentiated via our novel protocol exceeded 98% with yields of about 1.5 million hiPSC-CMs/mL and less between-batch purity variability than hiPSC-CMs produced in 2D cultures; furthermore, the culture volume could be increased ∼10-fold to 30 mL with no need for re-optimization, which suggests that this method can serve as a framework for large-scale hiPSC-CM production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asher Kahn-Krell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Danielle Pretorius
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jianfa Ou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Vladimir G. Fast
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Silvio Litovsky
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Joel Berry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Xiaoguang (Margaret) Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Medicine/Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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12
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Munawar S, Turnbull IC. Cardiac Tissue Engineering: Inclusion of Non-cardiomyocytes for Enhanced Features. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:653127. [PMID: 34113613 PMCID: PMC8186263 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.653127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered cardiac tissues (ECTs) are 3D physiological models of the heart that are created and studied for their potential role in developing therapies of cardiovascular diseases and testing cardio toxicity of drugs. Recreating the microenvironment of the native myocardium in vitro mainly involves the use of cardiomyocytes. However, ECTs with only cardiomyocytes (CM-only) often perform poorly and are less similar to the native myocardium compared to ECTs constructed from co-culture of cardiomyocytes and nonmyocytes. One important goal of co-culture tissues is to mimic the native heart's cellular composition, which can result in better tissue function and maturity. In this review, we investigate the role of nonmyocytes in ECTs and discuss the mechanisms behind the contributions of nonmyocytes in enhancement of ECT features.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irene C. Turnbull
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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13
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Simmons AD, Palecek SP. Rational, Unbiased Selection of Reference Genes for Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2021; 27:322-336. [PMID: 33843289 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2021.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reverse transcription, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is a powerful technique to quantify gene expression by transcript abundance. Expression of target genes is normalized to expression of stable reference genes to account for sample preparation variability. Thus, the identification and validation of stably expressed reference genes is crucial for making accurate, quantitative, statistical conclusions in gene expression studies. Traditional housekeeping genes identified decades ago based on high and relatively stable expression are often used, although many have shown these to not be valid, particularly in highly dynamic systems such as stem cell differentiation. In this study we outline a rational approach to identify stable reference genes valid throughout human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) differentiation to hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs). Several publicly available transcriptomic data sets were analyzed to identify genes with low variability in expression throughout differentiation. These putative novel reference genes were subsequently validated in RT-qPCR analyses to assess their stability under various perturbations, including maturation during extended culture, lactate purification, and various differentiation efficiencies. Expression in hPSC-CMs was also compared with whole human heart tissue. A core set of three novel reference genes (EDF1, DDB1, and ZNF384) exhibited robust stability across the conditions tested, whereas expression of the traditional housekeeping genes tested (ACTB, B2M, GAPDH, and RPL13A) varied significantly under these conditions. Impact statement This article presents an unbiased method for the selection and validation of novel reference genes for real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction normalization using data from RNA sequencing datasets. This method identified more robust and stable reference genes for gene expression studies during human pluripotent stem cell differentiation to cardiomyocytes than commonly used reference genes. This study also provides a roadmap for identifying reference genes for assessing gene expression during other dynamic cellular processes, including stem cell differentiation to other cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Simmons
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Sean P Palecek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
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14
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Zeng WR, Doran PM. Interactivity of biochemical and physical stimuli during epigenetic conditioning and cardiomyocytic differentiation of stem and progenitor cells derived from adult hearts. Integr Biol (Camb) 2021; 13:73-85. [PMID: 33704437 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyab003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Mixed populations of cardiosphere-derived stem and progenitor cells containing proliferative and cardiomyogenically committed cells were obtained from adult rat hearts. The cells were cultured in either static 2D monolayers or dynamic 3D scaffold systems with fluid flow. Cardiomyocyte lineage commitment in terms of GATA4 and Nkx2.5 expression was significantly enhanced in the dynamic 3D cultures compared with static 2D conditions. Treatment of the cells with 5-azacytidine (5-aza) produced different responses in the two culture systems, as activity of this chemical epigenetic conditioning agent depended on the cell attachment and hydrodynamic conditions provided during culture. Cell growth was unaffected by 5-aza in the static 2D cultures but was significantly reduced under dynamic 3D conditions relative to untreated controls. Myogenic differentiation measured as Mef2c expression was markedly upregulated by 5-aza in the dynamic 3D cultures but downregulated in the static 2D cultures. The ability of the physical environment to modulate the cellular cardiomyogenic response to 5-aza underscores the interactivity of biochemical and physical stimuli applied for cell differentiation. Accordingly, observations about the efficacy of 5-aza as a cardiomyocyte induction agent may not be applicable across different culture systems. Overall, use of dynamic 3D rather than static 2D culture was more beneficial for cardio-specific myogenesis than 5-aza treatment, which generated a more ambiguous differentiation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy R Zeng
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Pauline M Doran
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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15
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Li J, Hua Y, Miyagawa S, Zhang J, Li L, Liu L, Sawa Y. hiPSC-Derived Cardiac Tissue for Disease Modeling and Drug Discovery. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8893. [PMID: 33255277 PMCID: PMC7727666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Relevant, predictive normal, or disease model systems are of vital importance for drug development. The difference between nonhuman models and humans could contribute to clinical trial failures despite ideal nonhuman results. As a potential substitute for animal models, human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) provide a powerful tool for drug toxicity screening, modeling cardiovascular diseases, and drug discovery. Here, we review recent hiPSC-CM disease models and discuss the features of hiPSC-CMs, including subtype and maturation and the tissue engineering technologies for drug assessment. Updates from the international multisite collaborators/administrations for development of novel drug discovery paradigms are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (J.L.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (J.Z.); (L.L.)
- Department of Cell Design for Tissue Construction, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ying Hua
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (J.L.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (J.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Shigeru Miyagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (J.L.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (J.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Jingbo Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (J.L.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (J.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (J.L.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (J.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (J.L.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (J.Z.); (L.L.)
- Department of Design for Tissue Regeneration, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (J.L.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (J.Z.); (L.L.)
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16
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Abecasis B, Canhão PGM, Almeida HV, Calmeiro T, Fortunato E, Gomes-Alves P, Serra M, Alves PM. Toward a Microencapsulated 3D hiPSC-Derived in vitro Cardiac Microtissue for Recapitulation of Human Heart Microenvironment Features. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:580744. [PMID: 33224931 PMCID: PMC7674657 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.580744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of cardiomyocytes (CM) and non-myocyte cardiac populations, such as endothelial cells (EC), and mesenchymal cells (MC), has been shown to be critical for recapitulation of the human heart tissue for in vitro cell-based modeling. However, most of the current engineered cardiac microtissues still rely on either (i) murine/human limited primary cell sources, (ii) animal-derived and undefined hydrogels/matrices with batch-to-batch variability, or (iii) culture systems with low compliance with pharmacological high-throughput screenings. In this work, we explored a culture platform based on alginate microencapsulation and suspension culture systems to develop three-dimensional (3D) human cardiac microtissues, which entails the co-culture of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) cardiac derivatives including aggregates of hiPSC–CM and single cells of hiPSC–derived EC and MC (hiPSC–EC+MC). We demonstrate that the 3D human cardiac microtissues can be cultured for 15 days in dynamic conditions while maintaining the viability and phenotype of all cell populations. Noteworthy, we show that hiPSC–EC+MC survival was promoted by the co-culture with hiPSC–CM as compared to the control single-cell culture. Additionally, the presence of the hiPSC–EC+MC induced changes in the physical properties of the biomaterial, as observed by an increase in the elastic modulus of the cardiac microtissue when compared to the hiPSC–CM control culture. Detailed characterization of the 3D cardiac microtissues revealed that the crosstalk between hiPSC–CM, hiPSC–EC+MC, and extracellular matrix induced the maturation of hiPSC–CM. The cardiac microtissues displayed functional calcium signaling and respond to known cardiotoxins in a dose-dependent manner. This study is a step forward on the development of novel 3D cardiac microtissues that recapitulate features of the human cardiac microenvironment and is compliant with the larger numbers needed in preclinical research for toxicity assessment and disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Abecasis
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Pedro G M Canhão
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Henrique V Almeida
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Tomás Calmeiro
- CENIMAT
- i3N, Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Elvira Fortunato
- CENIMAT
- i3N, Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Gomes-Alves
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Margarida Serra
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Paula M Alves
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
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17
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Tracy EP, Gettler BC, Zakhari JS, Schwartz RJ, Williams SK, Birla RK. 3D Bioprinting the Cardiac Purkinje System Using Human Adipogenic Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Purkinje Cells. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2020; 11:587-604. [PMID: 32710379 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-020-00478-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to reprogram human adipogenic mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSCs) to form Purkinje cells and to use the reprogrammed Purkinje cells to bioprint Purkinje networks. METHODS hADMSCs were reprogrammed to form Purkinje cells using a multi-step process using transcription factors ETS2 and MESP1 to first form cardiac progenitor stem cells followed by SHOX2 and TBX3 to form Purkinje cells. A novel bioprinting method was developed based on Pluronic acid as the sacrificial material and type I collagen as the structural material. The reprogrammed Purkinje cells were used in conjunction with the novel bioprinting method to bioprint Purkinje networks. Printed constructs were evaluated for retention of functional protein connexin 40 (Cx40) and ability to undergo membrane potential changes in response to physiologic stimulus. RESULTS hADMSCs were successfully reprogrammed to form Purkinje cells based on the expression pattern of IRX3, IRX5, SEMA and SCN10. Reprogrammed purkinje cells were incorporated into a collagen type-1 bioink and the left ventricular Purkinje network was printed using anatomical images of the bovine Purkinje system as reference. Optimization studies demonstrated that 1.8 mg/mL type-I collagen at a seeding density of 300,000 cells per 200 µL resulted in the most functional bioprinted Purkinje networks. Furthermore, bioprinted Purkinje networks formed continuous syncytium, retained expression of vital functional gap junction protein Cx40 post-print, and exhibited membrane potential changes in response to electric stimulation and acetylcholine evaluated by DiBAC4(5), an electrically responsive dye. CONCLUSION Based on the results of this study, hADMSCs were successfully reprogrammed to form Purkinje cells and bioprinted to form Purkinje networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan P Tracy
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, 302 E. Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Brian C Gettler
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, 302 E. Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Joseph S Zakhari
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, 302 E. Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Robert J Schwartz
- Stem Cell Engineering, Texas Heart Institute, 6770 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX, 77225-0345, USA.,Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Science and Engineering Research Center, (SERC-Building 445), 3605 Cullen Blvd, Room 5004, Houston, TX, 77204-5060, USA
| | - Stuart K Williams
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, 302 E. Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Ravi K Birla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Engineering Research Center, (SERC-Building 445), 3605 Cullen Blvd, Room 2005, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
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18
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Karanu F, Ott L, Webster DA, Stehno-Bittel L. Improved harmonization of critical characterization assays across cell therapies. Regen Med 2020; 15:1661-1678. [PMID: 32589107 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2020-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of cell therapy has blossomed, providing exciting new options for treating a variety of diseases. While few cell therapy products have US FDA approval, there are thousands of cell treatments at various stages of development, pointing to a potential revolutionary shift in patient care. The expanding number and nature of cellular therapies necessitate greater standardization. Several international organizations are collaborating to pursue some level of global standardization, especially concerning cell banking. However, less harmonization surrounds assays used for critical quality characterization including: identity, purity, safety and potency. Frequently, there is divergence regarding the terms describing the characterization assays across regulatory authorities and guidances. This review summarizes the critical quality assays currently used for different categories of cell therapies. Areas of harmonization and an absence of standardization are highlighted. We propose potential solutions to facilitate harmonization of critical quality characterization assays and the language used to describe them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Karanu
- Likarda, LLC, 10330 Hickman Mills Drive, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Lindsey Ott
- Likarda, LLC, 10330 Hickman Mills Drive, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Debra Aub Webster
- Cardinal Health Regulatory Sciences, 7400 West 100th Street, Overland Park, KS 66210, USA
| | - Lisa Stehno-Bittel
- Likarda, LLC, 10330 Hickman Mills Drive, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Department of Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, MS 2002, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KC, USA
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19
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Paci M, Passini E, Klimas A, Severi S, Hyttinen J, Rodriguez B, Entcheva E. All-Optical Electrophysiology Refines Populations of In Silico Human iPSC-CMs for Drug Evaluation. Biophys J 2020; 118:2596-2611. [PMID: 32298635 PMCID: PMC7231889 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput in vitro drug assays have been impacted by recent advances in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte (hiPSC-CM) technology and by contact-free all-optical systems simultaneously measuring action potentials (APs) and Ca2+ transients (CaTrs). Parallel computational advances have shown that in silico simulations can predict drug effects with high accuracy. We combine these in vitro and in silico technologies and demonstrate the utility of high-throughput experimental data to refine in silico hiPSC-CM populations and to predict and explain drug action mechanisms. Optically obtained hiPSC-CM APs and CaTrs were used from spontaneous activity and under optical pacing in control and drug conditions at multiple doses. An updated version of the Paci2018 model was developed to refine the description of hiPSC-CM spontaneous electrical activity; a population of in silico hiPSC-CMs was constructed and calibrated using simultaneously recorded APs and CaTrs. We tested in silico five drugs (astemizole, dofetilide, ibutilide, bepridil, and diltiazem) and compared the outcomes to in vitro optical recordings. Our simulations showed that physiologically accurate population of models can be obtained by integrating AP and CaTr control records. Thus, constructed population of models correctly predicted the drug effects and occurrence of adverse episodes, even though the population was optimized only based on control data and in vitro drug testing data were not deployed during its calibration. Furthermore, the in silico investigation yielded mechanistic insights; e.g., through simulations, bepridil's more proarrhythmic action in adult cardiomyocytes compared to hiPSC-CMs could be traced to the different expression of ion currents in the two. Therefore, our work 1) supports the utility of all-optical electrophysiology in providing high-content data to refine experimentally calibrated populations of in silico hiPSC-CMs, 2) offers insights into certain limitations when translating results obtained in hiPSC-CMs to humans, and 3) shows the strength of combining high-throughput in vitro and population in silico approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelangelo Paci
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Elisa Passini
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Aleksandra Klimas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Stefano Severi
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi," University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Jari Hyttinen
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Blanca Rodriguez
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Emilia Entcheva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, D.C
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20
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Floy ME, Mateyka TD, Foreman KL, Palecek SP. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac stromal cells and their applications in regenerative medicine. Stem Cell Res 2020; 45:101831. [PMID: 32446219 PMCID: PMC7931507 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.101831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease is one of the leading causes of death in the United States. Recent advances in stem cell biology have led to the development and engineering of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cardiac cells and tissues for application in cellular therapy and cardiotoxicity studies. Initial studies in this area have largely focused on improving differentiation efficiency and maturation states of cardiomyocytes. However, other cell types in the heart, including endothelial and stromal cells, play crucial roles in cardiac development, injury response, and cardiomyocyte function. This review discusses recent advances in differentiation of hPSCs to cardiac stromal cells, identification and classification of cardiac stromal cell types, and application of hPSC-derived cardiac stromal cells and tissues containing these cells in regenerative and drug development applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha E Floy
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Taylor D Mateyka
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Koji L Foreman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sean P Palecek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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21
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Chu AJ, Zhao EJ, Chiao M, Lim CJ. Co-culture of induced pluripotent stem cells with cardiomyocytes is sufficient to promote their differentiation into cardiomyocytes. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230966. [PMID: 32243463 PMCID: PMC7122760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Various types of stem cells and non-stem cells have been shown to differentiate or transdifferentiate into cardiomyocytes by way of co-culture with appropriate inducer cells. However, there is a limited demonstration of a co-culture induction system utilizing stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes as a stimulatory source for cardiac reprogramming (of stem cells or otherwise). In this study, we utilized an inductive co-culture method to show that previously differentiated induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iCMs), when co-cultivated with iPS cells, constituted a sufficient stimulatory system to induce cardiac differentiation. To enable tracking of both cell populations, we utilized GFP-labeled iPS cells and non-labeled iCMs pre-differentiated using inhibitors of GSK and Wnt signaling. Successful differentiation was assessed by the exhibition of spontaneous self-contractions, structural organization of α-actinin labeled sarcomeres, and expression of cardiac specific markers cTnT and α-actinin. We found that iCM-iPS cell-cell contact was essential for inductive differentiation, and this required overlaying already adherent iPS cells with iCMs. Importantly, this process was achieved without the exogenous addition of pathway inhibitors and morphogens, suggesting that 'older' iCMs serve as an adequate stimulatory source capable of recapitulating the necessary culture environment for cardiac differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel J. Chu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - Eric Jiahua Zhao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - Mu Chiao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
- * E-mail: (CJL); (MC)
| | - Chinten James Lim
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
- * E-mail: (CJL); (MC)
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22
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Ahmed RE, Anzai T, Chanthra N, Uosaki H. A Brief Review of Current Maturation Methods for Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:178. [PMID: 32266260 PMCID: PMC7096382 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Therefore, the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and the subsequent generation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) was a pivotal point in regenerative medicine and cardiovascular research. They constituted an appealing tool for replacing dead and dysfunctional cardiac tissue, screening cardiac drugs and toxins, and studying inherited cardiac diseases. The problem is that these cells remain largely immature, and in order to utilize them, they must reach a functional degree of maturity. To attempt to mimic in vivo environment, various methods including prolonging culture time, co-culture and modulations of chemical, electrical, mechanical culture conditions have been tried. In addition to that, changing the topology of the culture made huge progress with the introduction of the 3D culture that closely resembles the in vivo cardiac topology and overcomes many of the limitations of the conventionally used 2D models. Nonetheless, 3D culture alone is not enough, and using a combination of these methods is being explored. In this review, we summarize the main differences between immature, fetal-like hiPSC-CMs and adult cardiomyocytes, then glance at the current approaches used to promote hiPSC-CMs maturation. In the second part, we focus on the evolving 3D culture model - it's structure, the effect on hiPSC-CMs maturation, incorporation with different maturation methods, limitations and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razan Elfadil Ahmed
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Anzai
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Nawin Chanthra
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Hideki Uosaki
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
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23
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Zhao Y, Rafatian N, Wang EY, Wu Q, Lai BFL, Lu RX, Savoji H, Radisic M. Towards chamber specific heart-on-a-chip for drug testing applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 165-166:60-76. [PMID: 31917972 PMCID: PMC7338250 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Modeling of human organs has long been a task for scientists in order to lower the costs of therapeutic development and understand the pathological onset of human disease. For decades, despite marked differences in genetics and etiology, animal models remained the norm for drug discovery and disease modeling. Innovative biofabrication techniques have facilitated the development of organ-on-a-chip technology that has great potential to complement conventional animal models. However, human organ as a whole, more specifically the human heart, is difficult to regenerate in vitro, in terms of its chamber specific orientation and its electrical functional complexity. Recent progress with the development of induced pluripotent stem cell differentiation protocols, made recapitulating the complexity of the human heart possible through the generation of cells representative of atrial & ventricular tissue, the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node and Purkinje fibers. Current heart-on-a-chip approaches incorporate biological, electrical, mechanical, and topographical cues to facilitate tissue maturation, therefore improving the predictive power for the chamber-specific therapeutic effects targeting adult human. In this review, we will give a summary of current advances in heart-on-a-chip technology and provide a comprehensive outlook on the challenges involved in the development of human physiologically relevant heart-on-a-chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimu Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Naimeh Rafatian
- Division of Cardiology and Peter Munk Cardiac Center, University of Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2N2, Canada
| | - Erika Yan Wang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Qinghua Wu
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Benjamin F L Lai
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Rick Xingze Lu
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Houman Savoji
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada; Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada.
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24
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Carotenuto F, Teodori L, Maccari AM, Delbono L, Orlando G, Di Nardo P. Turning regenerative technologies into treatment to repair myocardial injuries. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:2704-2716. [PMID: 31568640 PMCID: PMC7077550 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative therapies including stem cell treatments hold promise to allow curing patients affected by severe cardiac muscle diseases. However, the clinical efficacy of stem cell therapy remains elusive, so far. The two key roadblocks that still need to be overcome are the poor cell engraftment into the injured myocardium and the limited knowledge of the ideal mixture of bioactive factors to be locally delivered for restoring heart function. Thus, therapeutic strategies for cardiac repair are directed to increase the retention and functional integration of transplanted cells in the damaged myocardium or to enhance the endogenous repair mechanisms through cell‐free therapies. In this context, biomaterial‐based technologies and tissue engineering approaches have the potential to dramatically impact cardiac translational medicine. This review intends to offer some consideration on the cell‐based and cell‐free cardiac therapies, their limitations and the possible future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Carotenuto
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Medicina Rigenerativa, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Diagnostics and Metrology (FSN-TECFIS-DIM), ENEA, C.R. Frascati, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Teodori
- Diagnostics and Metrology (FSN-TECFIS-DIM), ENEA, C.R. Frascati, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Maccari
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Medicina Rigenerativa, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano Delbono
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Giuseppe Orlando
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA.,Department of Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Paolo Di Nardo
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Medicina Rigenerativa, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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25
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Leitolis A, Robert AW, Pereira IT, Correa A, Stimamiglio MA. Cardiomyogenesis Modeling Using Pluripotent Stem Cells: The Role of Microenvironmental Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:164. [PMID: 31448277 PMCID: PMC6695570 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSC) can be used as a model to study cardiomyogenic differentiation. In vitro modeling can reproduce cardiac development through modulation of some key signaling pathways. Therefore, many studies make use of this strategy to better understand cardiomyogenesis complexity and to determine possible ways to modulate cell fate. However, challenges remain regarding efficiency of differentiation protocols, cardiomyocyte (CM) maturation and therapeutic applications. Considering that the extracellular milieu is crucial for cellular behavior control, cardiac niche studies, such as those identifying secreted molecules from adult or neonatal tissues, allow the identification of extracellular factors that may contribute to CM differentiation and maturation. This review will focus on cardiomyogenesis modeling using PSC and the elements involved in cardiac microenvironmental signaling (the secretome - extracellular vesicles, extracellular matrix and soluble factors) that may contribute to CM specification and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Leitolis
- Stem Cell Basic Biology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, FIOCRUZ-PR, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Anny W Robert
- Stem Cell Basic Biology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, FIOCRUZ-PR, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Isabela T Pereira
- Stem Cell Basic Biology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, FIOCRUZ-PR, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Correa
- Stem Cell Basic Biology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, FIOCRUZ-PR, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marco A Stimamiglio
- Stem Cell Basic Biology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, FIOCRUZ-PR, Curitiba, Brazil
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26
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Dunn KK, Reichardt IM, Simmons AD, Jin G, Floy ME, Hoon KM, Palecek SP. Coculture of Endothelial Cells with Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiac Progenitors Reveals a Differentiation Stage-Specific Enhancement of Cardiomyocyte Maturation. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1800725. [PMID: 30927511 PMCID: PMC6849481 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes (CMs) generated from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are immature in their structure and function, limiting their potential in disease modeling, drug screening, and cardiac cellular therapies. Prior studies have demonstrated that coculture of hPSC-derived CMs with other cardiac cell types, including endothelial cells (ECs), can accelerate CM maturation. To address whether the CM differentiation stage at which ECs are introduced affects CM maturation, the authors coculture hPSC-derived ECs with hPSC-derived cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) and CMs and analyze the molecular and functional attributes of maturation. ECs have a more significant effect on acceleration of maturation when cocultured with CPCs than with CMs. EC coculture with CPCs increases CM size, expression of sarcomere, and ion channel genes and proteins, the presence of intracellular membranous extensions, and chronotropic response compared to monoculture. Maturation is accelerated with an increasing EC:CPC ratio. This study demonstrates that EC incorporation at the CPC stage of CM differentiation expedites CM maturation, leading to cells that may be better suited for in vitro and in vivo applications of hPSC-derived CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin K Dunn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Engineering Drive, 53706, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Isabella M Reichardt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Engineering Drive, 53706, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Aaron D Simmons
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Engineering Drive, 53706, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gyuhyung Jin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Engineering Drive, 53706, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Martha E Floy
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Engineering Drive, 53706, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kelsey M Hoon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Engineering Drive, 53706, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sean P Palecek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Engineering Drive, 53706, Madison, WI, USA
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27
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Tomov ML, Gil CJ, Cetnar A, Theus AS, Lima BJ, Nish JE, Bauser-Heaton HD, Serpooshan V. Engineering Functional Cardiac Tissues for Regenerative Medicine Applications. Curr Cardiol Rep 2019; 21:105. [PMID: 31367922 PMCID: PMC7153535 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-019-1178-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Tissue engineering has expanded into a highly versatile manufacturing landscape that holds great promise for advancing cardiovascular regenerative medicine. In this review, we provide a summary of the current state-of-the-art bioengineering technologies used to create functional cardiac tissues for a variety of applications in vitro and in vivo. RECENT FINDINGS Studies over the past few years have made a strong case that tissue engineering is one of the major driving forces behind the accelerating fields of patient-specific regenerative medicine, precision medicine, compound screening, and disease modeling. To date, a variety of approaches have been used to bioengineer functional cardiac constructs, including biomaterial-based, cell-based, and hybrid (using cells and biomaterials) approaches. While some major progress has been made using cellular approaches, with multiple ongoing clinical trials, cell-free cardiac tissue engineering approaches have also accomplished multiple breakthroughs, although drawbacks remain. This review summarizes the most promising methods that have been employed to generate cardiovascular tissue constructs for basic science or clinical applications. Further, we outline the strengths and challenges that are inherent to this field as a whole and for each highlighted technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin L Tomov
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, 1760 Haygood Dr. NE, HSRB Bldg., Suite E480, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Carmen J Gil
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, 1760 Haygood Dr. NE, HSRB Bldg., Suite E480, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Alexander Cetnar
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, 1760 Haygood Dr. NE, HSRB Bldg., Suite E480, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Andrea S Theus
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, 1760 Haygood Dr. NE, HSRB Bldg., Suite E480, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Bryanna J Lima
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, 1760 Haygood Dr. NE, HSRB Bldg., Suite E480, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Joy E Nish
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, 1760 Haygood Dr. NE, HSRB Bldg., Suite E480, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Holly D Bauser-Heaton
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Sibley Heart Center, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Vahid Serpooshan
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, 1760 Haygood Dr. NE, HSRB Bldg., Suite E480, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30309, USA.
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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