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Blat A, Makowski W, Smenda J, Pięta Ł, Bania M, Zapotoczny S, Malek K. Human erythrocytes under stress. Spectroscopic fingerprints of known oxidative mechanisms and beyond. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 313:124142. [PMID: 38493515 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we investigated the oxidative stress-related biochemical alterations in red blood cells (RBCs) and their membranes with the use of spectroscopic techniques. We aimed to show their great advantage for the in situ detection of lipid classes and secondary structures of proteins without the need for their extraction in the cellular environment. The exposition of the cells to peroxides, t-butyl hydroperoxide (tBOOH) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) led to different degradation processes encompassing the changes in the composition of membranes and structural modifications of hemoglobin (Hb). Our results indicated that tBOOH is generally a stronger oxidizing agent than H2O2 and this observation was congruent with the activity of superoxide and glutathione peroxidase. ATR-FTIR and Raman spectroscopies of membranes revealed that tBOOH caused primarily the partial loss and peroxidation of the lipids resulting in loss of the integrity of membranes. In turn, both peroxides induced several kinds of damage in the protein layer, including the partial decrease of their content and irreversible aggregation of spectrin, ankyrin, and membrane-bound globin. These changes were especially pronounced on the membrane surface where stress conditions induced the formation of β-sheets and intramolecular aggregates, particularly for tBOOH. Interestingly, nano-FTIR spectroscopy revealed the lipid peroxidative damage on the membrane surface in both cases. As far as hemoglobin was concerned, tBOOH and H2O2 caused the increase of the oxyhemoglobin species and conformational alterations of its polypeptide chain into β-sheets. Our findings confirm that applied spectroscopies effectively track the oxidative changes occurring in the structural components of red blood cells and the simplicity of conducting measurements and sample preparation can be readily applied to pharmacological and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Blat
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Wojciech Makowski
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Smenda
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Prof. S. Lojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Łukasz Pięta
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Prof. S. Lojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Bania
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Szczepan Zapotoczny
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamilla Malek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
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Concerted phenotypic flexibility of avian erythrocyte size and number in response to dietary anthocyanin supplementation. Front Zool 2023; 20:9. [PMID: 36829190 PMCID: PMC9951440 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-023-00487-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endurance flight impose substantial oxidative costs on the avian oxygen delivery system. In particular, the accumulation of irreversible damage in red blood cells can reduce the capacity of blood to transport oxygen and limit aerobic performance. Many songbirds consume large amounts of anthocyanin-rich fruit, which is hypothesized to reduce oxidative costs, enhance post-flight regeneration, and enable greater aerobic capacity. While their antioxidant benefits appear most straightforward, the effects of anthocyanins on blood composition remain so far unknown. We fed thirty hand-raised European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) two semisynthetic diets (with or without anthocyanin supplement) and manipulated the extent of flight activity in a wind tunnel (daily flying or non-flying for over two weeks) to test for their interactive effects on functionally important haematological variables. RESULTS Supplemented birds had on average 15% more and 4% smaller red blood cells compared to non-supplemented individuals and these diet effects were independent of flight manipulation. Haemoglobin content was 7% higher in non-supplemented flying birds compared to non-flying birds, while similar haemoglobin content was observed among supplemented birds that were flown or not. Neither diet nor flight activity influenced haematocrit. CONCLUSION The concerted adjustments suggest that supplementation generally improved antioxidant protection in blood, which could prevent the excess removal of cells from the bloodstream and may have several implications on the oxygen delivery system, including improved gas exchange and blood flow. The flexible haematological response to dietary anthocyanins may also suggest that free-ranging species preferentially consume anthocyanin-rich fruits for their natural blood doping, oxygen delivery-enhancement effects.
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Garcia‐Herreros A, Yeh Y, Peng Z, del Álamo JC. Cyclic Mechanical Stresses Alter Erythrocyte Membrane Composition and Microstructure and Trigger Macrophage Phagocytosis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201481. [PMID: 35508805 PMCID: PMC9284186 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) are cleared from the circulation when they become damaged or display aging signals targeted by macrophages. This process occurs mainly in the spleen, where blood flows through submicrometric constrictions called inter-endothelial slits (IES), subjecting RBCs to large-amplitude deformations. In this work, RBCs are circulated through microfluidic devices containing microchannels that replicate the IES. The cyclic mechanical stresses experienced by the cells affect their biophysical properties and molecular composition, accelerating cell aging. Specifically, RBCs quickly transition to a more spherical, less deformable phenotype that hinders microchannel passage, causing hemolysis. This transition is associated with the release of membrane vesicles, which self-extinguishes as the spacing between membrane-cytoskeleton linkers becomes tighter. Proteomics analysis of the mechanically aged RBCs reveals significant losses of essential proteins involved in antioxidant protection, gas transport, and cell metabolism. Finally, it is shown that these changes make mechanically aged RBCs more susceptible to macrophage phagocytosis. These results provide a comprehensive model explaining how physical stress induces RBC clearance in the spleen. The data also suggest new biomarkers of early "hemodamage" and inflammation preceding hemolysis in RBCs subjected to mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Garcia‐Herreros
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringUniversity of California9500 Gilman Dr.La JollaCA92093USA
| | - Yi‐Ting Yeh
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringUniversity of California9500 Gilman Dr.La JollaCA92093USA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California9500 Gilman Dr.La JollaCA92093USA
- Institute of Engineering in MedicineUniversity of California9500 Gilman Dr.La JollaCA92093USA
| | - Zhangli Peng
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Illinois at Chicago1200 W Harrison StChicagoIL60607USA
| | - Juan C. del Álamo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringUniversity of California9500 Gilman Dr.La JollaCA92093USA
- Institute of Engineering in MedicineUniversity of California9500 Gilman Dr.La JollaCA92093USA
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Washington850 Republican StSeattleWA98109USA
- Center for Cardiovascular BiologyUniversity of Washington850 Republican StSeattleWA98109USA
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4
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Ameri Z, Farsinejad A, Vahidi R, Sheikh Rezaei
Z, Khaleghi M, Parvizi P, Moghadari M. Band 3 Protein: An Effective Interrogation Tool of Storage Lesions in RBC Units. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2021; 38:373-380. [PMID: 35496977 PMCID: PMC9001803 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-021-01447-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the changes in different parameters related to the storage time of red blood cell (RBC) units. Microscopic, flow cytometric, and electrophoretic assessments were employed every few days for 60 days to investigate the alterations in morphology, size, phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, and membrane proteins over time. Morphological transformation from discocytes to spherocytes progressed as the storage time increased, which was accompanied by an increment of cellular size. However, this storage period did not result in the externalization of significant amounts of PS (p > 0.05). Mean Fluorescence Intensity (MFI) values increased by 11% to 23% between days 21 and 35 compared to the day 1 sample (p < 0.001). By day 60, the MFI decreased to about 70% of the day 1 sample. The analysis of membrane proteins' distribution showed a significant drop in band 3 expression after 35 days (p < 0.05 and 0.001 on days 42 and 60, respectively); however, no significant change was observed up to five weeks (p > 0.05). The inconsistency observed between Eosin-5-Maleimide (5-EMA) binding and the relative band 3 content could be due to additional accessibility of 5-EMA to hidden domains of other membrane proteins on RBCs as a result of increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and changes in morphology. Overall, our present study represents a step-wise and time-dependent series of events that progressively affects stored RBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ameri
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Comprehensive Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Alireza Farsinejad
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Comprehensive Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Hematology and Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Reza Vahidi
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zahra Sheikh Rezaei
- Department of Hematology and Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Morteza Khaleghi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Poorya Parvizi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Masoud Moghadari
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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D'Alessandro A, Fu X, Kanias T, Reisz JA, Culp-Hill R, Guo Y, Gladwin MT, Page G, Kleinman S, Lanteri M, Stone M, Busch MP, Zimring JC. Donor sex, age and ethnicity impact stored red blood cell antioxidant metabolism through mechanisms in part explained by glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase levels and activity. Haematologica 2021; 106:1290-1302. [PMID: 32241843 PMCID: PMC8094095 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.246603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Red blood cell storage in the blood bank promotes the progressive accumulation of metabolic alterations that may ultimately impact the erythrocyte capacity to cope with oxidant stressors. However, the metabolic underpinnings of the capacity of RBCs to resist oxidant stress and the potential impact of donor biology on this phenotype are not known. Within the framework of the REDS-III RBC-Omics study, RBCs from 8,502 healthy blood donors were stored for 42 days and tested for their propensity to hemolyze following oxidant stress. A subset of extreme hemolyzers donated a second unit of blood, which was stored for 10, 23, and 42 days and profiled again for oxidative hemolysis and metabolomics (599 samples). Alterations of RBC energy and redox homeostasis were noted in donors with high oxidative hemolysis. RBCs from females, donors over 60 years old, donors of Asian/South Asian race-ethnicity, and RBCs stored in additive solution-3 were each independently characterized by improved antioxidant metabolism compared to, respectively, males, donors under 30 years old, Hispanic and African American race ethnicity donors, and RBCs stored in additive solution-1. Merging metabolomics data with results from an independent GWAS study on the same cohort, we identified metabolic markers of hemolysis and G6PD-deficiency, which were associated with extremes in oxidative hemolysis and dysregulation in NADPH and glutathione-dependent detoxification pathways of oxidized lipids. Donor sex, age, ethnicity, additive solution and G6PD status impact the metabolism of the stored erythrocyte and its susceptibility to hemolysis following oxidative insults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoyun Fu
- Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Julie A Reisz
- University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rachel Culp-Hill
- University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Mark T Gladwin
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mars Stone
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Rapid clearance of storage-induced microerythrocytes alters transfusion recovery. Blood 2021; 137:2285-2298. [PMID: 33657208 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020008563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Permanent availability of red blood cells (RBCs) for transfusion depends on refrigerated storage, during which morphologically altered RBCs accumulate. Among these, a subpopulation of small RBCs, comprising type III echinocytes, spheroechinocytes, and spherocytes and defined as storage-induced microerythrocytes (SMEs), could be rapidly cleared from circulation posttransfusion. We quantified the proportion of SMEs in RBC concentrates from healthy human volunteers and assessed correlation with transfusion recovery, investigated the fate of SMEs upon perfusion through human spleen ex vivo, and explored where and how SMEs are cleared in a mouse model of blood storage and transfusion. In healthy human volunteers, high proportion of SMEs in long-stored RBC concentrates correlated with poor transfusion recovery. When perfused through human spleen, 15% and 61% of long-stored RBCs and SMEs were cleared in 70 minutes, respectively. High initial proportion of SMEs also correlated with high retention of RBCs by perfused human spleen. In the mouse model, SMEs accumulated during storage. Transfusion of long-stored RBCs resulted in reduced posttransfusion recovery, mostly due to SME clearance. After transfusion in mice, long-stored RBCs accumulated predominantly in spleen and were ingested mainly by splenic and hepatic macrophages. In macrophage-depleted mice, splenic accumulation and SME clearance were delayed, and transfusion recovery was improved. In healthy hosts, SMEs were cleared predominantly by macrophages in spleen and liver. When this well-demarcated subpopulation of altered RBCs was abundant in RBC concentrates, transfusion recovery was diminished. SME quantification has the potential to improve blood product quality assessment. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02889133.
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Marin M, Roussel C, Dussiot M, Ndour PA, Hermine O, Colin Y, Gray A, Landrigan M, Le Van Kim C, Buffet PA, Amireault P. Metabolic rejuvenation upgrades circulatory functions of red blood cells stored under blood bank conditions. Transfusion 2020; 61:903-918. [PMID: 33381865 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red blood cells (RBC) change upon hypothermic conservation, and storage for 6 weeks is associated with the short-term clearance of 15% to 20% of transfused RBCs. Metabolic rejuvenation applied to RBCs before transfusion replenishes energetic sources and reverses most storage-related alterations, but how it impacts RBC circulatory functions has not been fully elucidated. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Six RBC units stored under blood bank conditions were analyzed weekly for 6 weeks and rejuvenated on Day 42 with an adenine-inosine-rich solution. Impact of storage and rejuvenation on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, morphology, accumulation of storage-induced microerythrocytes (SMEs), elongation under an osmotic gradient (by LORRCA), hemolysis, and phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure was evaluated. The impact of rejuvenation on filterability and adhesive properties of stored RBCs was also assessed. RESULTS Rejuvenation of RBCs restored intracellular ATP to almost normal levels and decreased the PS exposure from 2.78% to 0.41%. Upon rejuvenation, the proportion of SME dropped from 28.2% to 9.5%, while the proportion of normal-shaped RBCs (discocytes and echinocytes 1) increased from 47.7% to 67.1%. In LORCCA experiments, rejuvenation did not modify the capacity of RBCs to elongate and induced a reduction in cell volume. In functional tests, rejuvenation increased RBC filterability in a biomimetic splenic filter (+16%) and prevented their adhesion to endothelial cells (-87%). CONCLUSION Rejuvenation reduces the proportion of morphologically altered and adhesive RBCs that accumulate during storage. Along with the improvement in their filterability, these data show that rejuvenation improves RBC properties related to their capacity to persist in circulation after transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël Marin
- Université de Paris, UMR_S1134, BIGR, INSERM, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Camille Roussel
- Université de Paris, UMR_S1134, BIGR, INSERM, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, U1163, Laboratory of cellular and molecular mechanisms of hematological disorders and therapeutic implications, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Michael Dussiot
- Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, U1163, Laboratory of cellular and molecular mechanisms of hematological disorders and therapeutic implications, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Papa A Ndour
- Université de Paris, UMR_S1134, BIGR, INSERM, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, U1163, Laboratory of cellular and molecular mechanisms of hematological disorders and therapeutic implications, INSERM, Paris, France.,Assistance publique des hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Yves Colin
- Université de Paris, UMR_S1134, BIGR, INSERM, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Alan Gray
- Citra labs, a Zimmer Biomet company, Braintree, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matt Landrigan
- Zimmer Biomet Southwest Ohio, Braintree, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Caroline Le Van Kim
- Université de Paris, UMR_S1134, BIGR, INSERM, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Pierre A Buffet
- Université de Paris, UMR_S1134, BIGR, INSERM, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France.,Assistance publique des hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Amireault
- Université de Paris, UMR_S1134, BIGR, INSERM, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, U1163, Laboratory of cellular and molecular mechanisms of hematological disorders and therapeutic implications, INSERM, Paris, France
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8
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Model M. Comparison of cell volume measurements by fluorescence and absorption exclusion microscopy. J Microsc 2020; 280:12-18. [PMID: 32472565 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
There are two light microscopic methods for cell volume measurement based on volume exclusion. One method, sometimes referred to as FLEX, utilises negative staining by an external fluorescent dye, and cell volume is found from attenuation of fluorescence under a wide-field microscope. The other method (TTD) is based on exclusion of an external absorbing dye, resulting in an increased intensity of transmission image. In this work, we compared these two methods. TTD measurements were consistent, reproducible and identical to those obtained by confocal scanning. In our hands, FLEX based on either sodium fluorescein of fluorescent dextran, usually resulted in underestimation of cell volume, which were insignificant in shallow chambers but became more severe with increased chamber depth. We have not been able to exactly pinpoint the source of the problem; it may have been undetected accumulation of dye in the cells or, more likely, some unappreciated aspects of image formation under epi-illumination. We also discuss applicability of both methods to in-flow volume measurements. LAY DESCRIPTION: Cell volume is a parameter important for many cell biological and physiological applications, and many different methods have been proposed for its measurement. Two light microscopic methods based on volume exclusion deserve special attention due to their speed and simplicity. In one of them (transmission-through-dye, or TTD), cells are placed in a shallow chamber, and a strongly absorbing external dye is added to the cell-containing medium. The sample is imaged in transmission at a wavelength of maximum dye absorption. Because cells with intact membranes exclude the dye, they appear brighter on a transmission image, and their contrast quantitatively reflects cell thickness. By summation of thickness values over the cell area, cell volume can be obtained. The other method sometimes referred to as FLEX utilises exclusion of a fluorescent dye. Cells appear darker than the background under wide-field fluorescence observation in accordance with their thicknesses, and cell volume is computed by thickness summation over the area, like in TTD. In this work, we compared the accuracy of TTD and FLEX for volume measurements. TTD and confocal scanning produced virtually identical results, which suggests that TTD data are accurate. On the other hand, cell volumes measured by FLEX were consistently smaller than by TTD. The discrepancy always increased with the depth of the chamber, although the exact relationship varied between experiments. By contrast, TTD results were insensitive to chamber depth. Thus, it appears that FLEX underestimates cell volume. The reason for that is not entirely clear. Accumulation of the fluorescent dye inside the cell could be a possibility, although we found no evidence for that. Most likely, the reason lies with some unappreciated aspects of wide-field fluorescence image formation, which has not been well-characterised for the type of negative staining used in FLEX. In our opinion, TTD is the method of choice, at least for stationary cells. On the other hand, due to linear dependence of intensity on volume, FLEX might offer advantages for high-throughput flow volume imaging, although realisation of such an experiment has yet to be worked out.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Model
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, U.S.A
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Depond M, Henry B, Buffet P, Ndour PA. Methods to Investigate the Deformability of RBC During Malaria. Front Physiol 2020; 10:1613. [PMID: 32038293 PMCID: PMC6990122 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a 30% decline in mortality since 2000, malaria still affected 219 million subjects and caused 435,000 deaths in 2017. Red blood cells (RBC) host Plasmodium parasites that cause malaria, of which Plasmodium falciparum is the most pathogenic. The deformability of RBC is markedly modified by invasion and development of P. falciparum. Surface membrane area is potentially impacted by parasite entry and development, the cytoskeleton is modified by parasite proteins and cytosol viscosity is altered by parasite metabolism. RBC hosting mature parasites (second half of the asexual erythrocytic cycle) are abnormally stiff but the main reason for their absence from the circulation is their adherence to endothelial cells, mediated by parasite proteins exposed at the infected-RBC surface. By contrast, the circulation of non-adherent rings and gametocytes, depends predominantly on deformability. Altered deformability of rings and of uninfected-RBC altered by malaria infection is an important determinant of malaria pathogenesis. It also impacts the response to antimalarial therapy. Unlike conventional antimalarials that target mature stages, currently recommended first-line artemisinin derivatives and the emerging spiroindolones act on circulating rings. Methods to investigate the deformability of RBC are therefore critical to understand the clearance of infected- and uninfected-RBC in malaria. Herein, we review the main methods to assess the deformability of P. falciparum infected-RBC, and their contribution to the understanding of how P. falciparum infection causes disease, how the parasite is transmitted and how antimalarial drugs induce parasite clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallorie Depond
- UMR_S1134, BIGR, Inserm, Universit de Paris, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Henry
- UMR_S1134, BIGR, Inserm, Universit de Paris, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Buffet
- UMR_S1134, BIGR, Inserm, Universit de Paris, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Papa Alioune Ndour
- UMR_S1134, BIGR, Inserm, Universit de Paris, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
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More TA, Dalal B, Devendra R, Warang P, Shankarkumar A, Kedar P. Applications of imaging flow cytometry in the diagnostic assessment of red cell membrane disorders. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2019; 98:238-249. [PMID: 31750618 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red cell membranopathies refers to phenotypically and morphologically heterogeneous disorders. High throughput imaging flow cytometry (IFC) combines the speed, sensitivity, and phenotyping abilities of flow cytometry with the detailed imagery and functional insights of microscopy to produce high content image analysis with quantitative analysis. We have evaluated the applications of IFC to examine both the morphology as well as fluorescence signal intensity in red cell membranopathies. METHODS Fluorescence intensity of eosin-5-maleimide (EMA) labeled red cells was measured for diagnosis of RBC membrane protein defect on Amnis ImageStreamX followed by Image analysis on IDEAS software to study features such as circularity and shape ratio. RESULTS The hereditary spherocytosis (HS) group showed significantly decreased MFI (52,800 ± 9,100) than normal controls (81,100 ± 4,700) (p < .05) whereas non-HS showed 78,300 ± 9,900. The shape ratio of hereditary elliptocytosis (HE) was significantly higher (43.8%) than normal controls (14.6%). The circularity score is higher in HS (64.15%) than the normal controls (44.3%) whereas the circularity score was very less in HE (10%) due to the presence of elliptocytes. CONCLUSIONS The advantages of the IFC over standard flow cytometry is its ability to provide high-content image analysis and measurement of parameters such as circularity and shape ratio allow discriminating red cell membranopathies (HS and HE) due to variations in shape and size. It could be a single, effective, and rapid IFC test for detection and differentiation of red cell membrane disorders in hematology laboratories where an IFC is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejashree Anil More
- Department of Hematogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohematology, KEM Hospital Campus, Mumbai, India
| | - Bhavik Dalal
- Department of Hematogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohematology, KEM Hospital Campus, Mumbai, India
| | - Rati Devendra
- Department of Hematogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohematology, KEM Hospital Campus, Mumbai, India
| | - Prashant Warang
- Department of Hematogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohematology, KEM Hospital Campus, Mumbai, India
| | - Aruna Shankarkumar
- Department of Hematogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohematology, KEM Hospital Campus, Mumbai, India
| | - Prabhakar Kedar
- Department of Hematogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohematology, KEM Hospital Campus, Mumbai, India
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Abonnenc M, Tissot JD, Prudent M. General overview of blood products in vitro quality: Processing and storage lesions. Transfus Clin Biol 2018; 25:269-275. [PMID: 30241785 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2018.08.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Blood products are issued from blood collection. Collected blood is immediately mixed with anticoagulant solutions that immediately induce chemical and/or biochemical modifications. Collected blood is then transformed into different blood products according to various steps of fabrication. All these steps induce either reversible or irreversible "preparation-related" lesions that combine with "storage-related" lesions. This short paper aims to provide an overview of the alterations that are induced by the "non-physiological" processes used to prepare blood products that are used in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Abonnenc
- Transfusion interrégionale CRS, laboratoire de recherche sur les produits sanguins, route de la Corniche 2, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Daniel Tissot
- Transfusion interrégionale CRS, laboratoire de recherche sur les produits sanguins, route de la Corniche 2, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland; Faculté de biologie et de médecine, université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel Prudent
- Transfusion interrégionale CRS, laboratoire de recherche sur les produits sanguins, route de la Corniche 2, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland; Faculté de biologie et de médecine, université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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