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Pousty D, Ma B, Mathews C, Halanur M, Mamane H, Linden KG. Biofilm inactivation using LED systems emitting germicidal UV and antimicrobial blue light. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 267:122449. [PMID: 39316962 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Biofilms have been widely detected in water distribution and water storage systems posing potential risks to drinking water safety by harboring and shedding pathogens. Light-based disinfection methods, such as germicidal ultraviolet (UV) and antimicrobial blue light (aBL), could serve as non-chemical alternatives for biofilm control. This study investigated the inactivation of pure-culture Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms and mixed-culture biofilms using three distinct light-based disinfection methods: a low-pressure (LP) UV lamp emitting at 254 nm, a UV light emitting diode (LED) at 270 nm, and an aBL LED at 405 nm. The biofilms were developed on three commonly used materials including polycarbonate (PC), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), to assess the impact of surface characteristics on light-based biofilm inactivation. Our findings show that all selected devices can effectively inactivate pure-culture and mixed-culture biofilms. While both UV devices (LP UV lamp and UV LED) provided significant inactivation at lower fluences (>1 log reduction at 20 mJ/cm2), aBL LED achieved significant inactivation at higher fluences for pure culture (maximum log reduction of 3.8 ± 0.5 at > 200,000 mJ/cm2). Inactivation performance also varied with surface materials, likely attributed to different surface properties including roughness, hydrophobicity, and surface charge. This study provides important information on using light-based technologies for biofilm control and highlights the effect of surface materials on their inactivation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Pousty
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ben Ma
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 4001 Discovery Dr., Boulder, CO 80303, United States; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St. Reno, NV 89557, United States
| | - Christian Mathews
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 4001 Discovery Dr., Boulder, CO 80303, United States
| | - Manohara Halanur
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Hadas Mamane
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Karl G Linden
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 4001 Discovery Dr., Boulder, CO 80303, United States.
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2
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Stewart CF, McGoldrick P, Anderson JG, MacGregor SJ, Atreya CD, Maclean M. Microbial reduction of prebagged human plasma using 405 nm light and its effects on coagulation factors. AMB Express 2024; 14:66. [PMID: 38842656 PMCID: PMC11156813 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-024-01725-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial contamination is the most prevalent infectious complication of blood transfusion in the developed world. To mitigate this, several ultraviolet light-based pathogen reduction technologies (PRTs), some of which require photo-chemicals, have been developed to minimize infection transmission. Relative to UV light, visible 405-nm light is safer and has shown potential to be developed as a PRT for the in situ treatment of ex vivo human plasma and platelet concentrates, without the need for photo-chemicals. This study investigates the effect of 405-nm light on human plasma, with focus on the compatibility of antimicrobial light doses with essential plasma clotting factors. To determine an effective antimicrobial dose that is compatible with plasma, prebagged human plasma (up to 300 mL) was seeded with common microbial contaminants and treated with increasing doses of 405-nm light (16 mW cm-2; ≤ 403 J cm-2). Post-exposure plasma protein integrity was investigated using an AOPP assay, in vitro coagulation tests, and ELISA-based measurement of fibrinogen and Protein S. Microbial contamination in 300 mL prebagged human plasma was significantly reduced (P ≤ 0.05) after exposure to ≤ 288 J cm-2, with microbial loads reduced by > 96.2%. This dose did not significantly affect the plasma protein quality parameters tested (P > 0.05). Increased doses (≥ 345 J cm-2) resulted in a 4.3% increase in clot times with no statistically significant change in protein activity or levels. Overall, this study has demonstrated that the effective microbicidal 405 light dose shows little to no negative effect on plasma quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin F Stewart
- The Robertson Trust Laboratory for Electronic Sterilisation Technologies (ROLEST), Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Royal College Building, 204 George Street, Glasgow, UK
| | - Preston McGoldrick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - John G Anderson
- The Robertson Trust Laboratory for Electronic Sterilisation Technologies (ROLEST), Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Royal College Building, 204 George Street, Glasgow, UK
| | - Scott J MacGregor
- The Robertson Trust Laboratory for Electronic Sterilisation Technologies (ROLEST), Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Royal College Building, 204 George Street, Glasgow, UK
| | - Chintamani D Atreya
- Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Michelle Maclean
- The Robertson Trust Laboratory for Electronic Sterilisation Technologies (ROLEST), Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Royal College Building, 204 George Street, Glasgow, UK.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
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3
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Jackson JW, Kaldhone PR, Parunov LA, Stewart CF, Anderson JG, MacGregor SJ, Maclean M, Atreya CD. Human platelet concentrates treated with microbicidal 405 nm light retain hemostasis activity. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 255:112922. [PMID: 38677260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Chemical and UV light-based pathogen reduction technologies are currently in use for human platelet concentrates (PCs) to enhance safety from transfusion-transmitted infections. Relative to UV light, 405 nm violet-blue light in the visible spectrum is known to be less harmful. Hence, in this report for the first time, we have assessed the global hemostasis activity of PCs stored in plasma and the activities of six plasma coagulation factors (CFs) as a measure of in vitro hemostatic activity following exposure to the microbicidal 405 nm light. Apheresis PC samples collected from each screened human donor (n = 22) were used for testing of PCs and platelet poor plasma (PPP). Both PCs and PPPs were treated for 5 h with 405 nm light to achieve a previously established microbicidal light dose of 270 J/cm2. Activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time-based potency assays using a coagulation analyzer and hemostatic capacity via Thromboelastography were analyzed. Thromboelastography analysis of the light-treated PCs and plasma present in the PCs showed little difference between the treated and untreated samples. Further, plasma present in the PCs during the light treatment demonstrated a better stability in potency assays for several coagulation factors compared to the plasma alone prepared from PCs first and subjected to the light treatment separately. Overall, PCs stored in plasma treated with 405 nm violet-blue light retain activity for hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W Jackson
- Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Pravin R Kaldhone
- Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Leonid A Parunov
- Office of Therapeutic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Caitlin F Stewart
- The Robertson Trust Laboratory for Electronic Sterilization Technologies, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - John G Anderson
- The Robertson Trust Laboratory for Electronic Sterilization Technologies, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Scott J MacGregor
- The Robertson Trust Laboratory for Electronic Sterilization Technologies, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michelle Maclean
- The Robertson Trust Laboratory for Electronic Sterilization Technologies, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Chintamani D Atreya
- Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
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Moura RS, Afonso JPR, Fonseca AL, Cereta AD, Mello DACPG, Oliveira MC, Oliveira-Silva I, Oliveira RF, Oliveira DAAP, Vieira RP, Palma RK, Insalaco G, Oliveira LVF. Extracellular matrix of lung scaffolds submitted to different means of sterilization: a systematic review. F1000Res 2024; 13:554. [PMID: 39155967 PMCID: PMC11329863 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.147670.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic respiratory diseases often necessitate lung transplantation due to irreversible damage. Organ engineering offers hope through stem cell-based organ generation. However, the crucial sterilization step in scaffold preparation poses challenges. This study conducted a systematic review of studies that analysed the extracellular matrix (ECM) conditions of decellularised lungs subjected to different sterilisation processes. A search was performed for articles published in the PubMed, Web of Sciences, Scopus, and SciELO databases according to the PRISMA guidelines. Overall, five articles that presented positive results regarding the effectiveness of the sterilisation process were selected, some of which identified functional damage in the ECM. Was possible concluded that regardless of the type of agent used, physical or chemical, all of them demonstrated that sterilisation somehow harms the ECM. An ideal protocol has not been found to be fully effective in the sterilisation of pulmonary scaffolds for use in tissue and/or organ engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo S. Moura
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Evangelical University of Goiás - UniEVANGELICA, Anapolis, Goias, 75075-580, Brazil
| | - Joao Pedro R. Afonso
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Evangelical University of Goiás - UniEVANGELICA, Anapolis, Goias, 75075-580, Brazil
| | - Adriano L. Fonseca
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Evangelical University of Goiás - UniEVANGELICA, Anapolis, Goias, 75075-580, Brazil
| | - Andressa D. Cereta
- Departament of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego A. C. P. G. Mello
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Evangelical University of Goiás - UniEVANGELICA, Anapolis, Goias, 75075-580, Brazil
| | - Miria C. Oliveira
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Evangelical University of Goiás - UniEVANGELICA, Anapolis, Goias, 75075-580, Brazil
| | - Iransé Oliveira-Silva
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Evangelical University of Goiás - UniEVANGELICA, Anapolis, Goias, 75075-580, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo F. Oliveira
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Evangelical University of Goiás - UniEVANGELICA, Anapolis, Goias, 75075-580, Brazil
| | - Deise A. A. P. Oliveira
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Evangelical University of Goiás - UniEVANGELICA, Anapolis, Goias, 75075-580, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo P. Vieira
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Evangelical University of Goiás - UniEVANGELICA, Anapolis, Goias, 75075-580, Brazil
| | - Renata K. Palma
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Evangelical University of Goiás - UniEVANGELICA, Anapolis, Goias, 75075-580, Brazil
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de Manresa, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya - UVic-UCC, Manresa, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Insalaco
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council - CNR, Palermo, SI, Italy
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Ang BJ, Suardi N, Ong EBB, Khasim SNH, Gemanam SJ, Mustafa IS, Fong JH. Exploring the role of impedance spectroscopy in assessing 405 nm laser-induced inactivation of saccharomyces cerevisiae. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:931-940. [PMID: 38592591 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-024-00564-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Impedance spectroscopy was employed to assess the electrical properties of yeast following 405 nm laser irradiation, exploring the effects of visible, non-ionizing laser-induced inactivation as a more selective and safer alternative for photoinactivation applications compared to the use of DNA targeting, ionizing UV light. Capacitance and impedance spectra were obtained for yeast suspensions irradiated for 10, 20, 30, and 40 min using 100 and 200 mW laser powers. Noticeable differences in capacitance spectra were observed at lower frequencies (40 Hz to 1 kHz), with a significant increase at 40 min for both laser powers. β-dispersion was evident in the impedance spectra in the frequency range of 10 kHz to 10 MHz. The characteristic frequency of dielectric relaxation steadily shifted to higher frequencies with increasing irradiation time, with a drastic change observed at 40 min for both laser powers. These changes signify a distinct alteration in the physical state of yeast. A yeast spot assay demonstrated a decrease in cell viability with increasing laser irradiation dose. The results indicate a correlation between changes in electrical properties, cell viability, and the efficacy of 405 nm laser-induced inactivation. Impedance spectroscopy is shown to be an efficient, non-destructive, label-free method for monitoring changes in cell viability in photobiological effect studies. The development of impedance spectroscopy-based real-time studies in photoinactivation holds promise for advancing our understanding of light-cell interactions in medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beng Jiong Ang
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nursakinah Suardi
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Eugene Boon Beng Ong
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
| | | | | | | | - Jing Heng Fong
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
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Kaldhone PR, Azodi N, Markle HL, Dahiya N, Stewart C, Anderson J, MacGregor S, Maclean M, Nakhasi HL, Gannavaram S, Atreya C. The Preclinical Validation of 405 nm Light Parasiticidal Efficacy on Leishmania donovani in Ex Vivo Platelets in a Rag2 -/- Mouse Model. Microorganisms 2024; 12:280. [PMID: 38399684 PMCID: PMC10893240 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Violet-blue light of 405 nm in the visible spectrum at a dose of 270 J/cm2 alone has been shown to be an effective microbicidal tool for inactivating several bacteria, HIV-1, and Trypanosoma cruzi in ex vivo plasma and platelets. Unlike chemical- and ultraviolet (UV)-based pathogen inactivation methods for plasma and platelet safety, 405 nm light is shown to be less toxic to host cells at light doses that are microbicidal. In this report, we evaluated the parasiticidal activity of a 405 nm light treatment on platelets spiked with the Leishmania donovani parasite. Following the light treatment, parasite viability was observed to be near zero in both low- and high-titer-spiked platelets relative to controls. Furthermore, to test the residual infectivity after inactivation in vivo, the light-treated low-titer L. donovani-spiked platelets were evaluated in an immunodeficient Rag2-/- mouse model and monitored for 9 weeks. The parasiticidal efficacy of 405 nm light was evident from the lack of a presence of parasites in the mice spleens. Parasiticidal activity was confirmed to be mediated through 405 nm light-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), as quantitatively measured by a 2',7'-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA)-based assay. Overall, these results confirm the complete inactivation of L. donovani spiked in ex vivo platelets by 405 nm light treatment and exemplify the utility of the Rag2-/- mouse infection model for the preclinical validation of the parasiticidal efficacy of 405 nm light and this light-based technology as a potential PRT for ex vivo platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin R. Kaldhone
- Division of Blood Components and Devices, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA; (P.R.K.); (N.D.)
| | - Nazli Azodi
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA; (N.A.); (H.L.M.); (H.L.N.)
| | - Hannah L. Markle
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA; (N.A.); (H.L.M.); (H.L.N.)
| | - Neetu Dahiya
- Division of Blood Components and Devices, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA; (P.R.K.); (N.D.)
| | - Caitlin Stewart
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XW, UK; (C.S.); (J.A.); (S.M.); (M.M.)
| | - John Anderson
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XW, UK; (C.S.); (J.A.); (S.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Scott MacGregor
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XW, UK; (C.S.); (J.A.); (S.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Michelle Maclean
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XW, UK; (C.S.); (J.A.); (S.M.); (M.M.)
- The Robertson Trust Laboratory for Electronic Sterilization Technologies, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XW, UK
| | - Hira L. Nakhasi
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA; (N.A.); (H.L.M.); (H.L.N.)
| | - Sreenivas Gannavaram
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA; (N.A.); (H.L.M.); (H.L.N.)
| | - Chintamani Atreya
- Division of Blood Components and Devices, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA; (P.R.K.); (N.D.)
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Sun J, Dahiya N, Schmitt T, Stewart C, Anderson J, MacGregor S, Maclean M, Beger RD, Atreya CD. Metabolomics evaluation of the photochemical impact of violet-blue light (405 nm) on ex vivo platelet concentrates. Metabolomics 2023; 19:88. [PMID: 37855954 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-02050-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Microbicidal violet-blue light in the visible spectrum (405 nm) has been under evaluation for pathogen inactivation in ex vivo human plasma and platelets (PLTs) stored in plasma. Results to date have demonstrated that several blood-borne infectious disease-causing pathogens can be successfully reduced to significantly low levels in the light-treated plasma and PLTs. METHOD In order to evaluate whether the microbicidal 405 nm light is safe for the treatment of PLT concentrates for pathogen inactivation, LC/MS-based metabolomics analyses were performed to evaluate the overall impact of 405 nm violet-blue light treatment on ex vivo PLT concentrates suspended in plasma and on plasma itself, and to identify metabolome changes in intra-platelet and extra-cellular medium (i.e., plasma). RESULTS The metabolomics data identified that platelet activating factors (PAFs), agonists and prostaglandins, which can influence PLT basic functions such as integrity, activation, and aggregation potential were unaltered, suggesting that 405 nm light illumination is safe regarding PLT basic functions. Distinct increases in hydroxyl fatty acids and aldehydes, as well as decreases in antioxidant metabolites indicated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) were generated at high levels after only one hour of exposure to 405 nm light. Distinctly changed endogenous photosensitizer metabolites after 1 h of light exposure provided good evidence that 405 nm light was an effective microbicide acting through ROS mechanism and no external additive photosensitizers were required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchun Sun
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.
| | - Neetu Dahiya
- Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Schmitt
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Caitlin Stewart
- The Robertson Trust Laboratory for Electronic Sterilization Technologies, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - John Anderson
- The Robertson Trust Laboratory for Electronic Sterilization Technologies, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Scott MacGregor
- The Robertson Trust Laboratory for Electronic Sterilization Technologies, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michelle Maclean
- The Robertson Trust Laboratory for Electronic Sterilization Technologies, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Richard D Beger
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Chintamani D Atreya
- Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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Jana S, Heaven MR, Dahiya N, Stewart C, Anderson J, MacGregor S, Maclean M, Alayash AI, Atreya C. Antimicrobial 405 nm violet-blue light treatment of ex vivo human platelets leads to mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming and potential alteration of Phospho-proteome. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 241:112672. [PMID: 36871490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Continued efforts to reduce the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) through blood and blood components led to the development of ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation technologies known as pathogen reduction technologies (PRT) to enhance blood safety. While these PRTs demonstrate germicidal efficiency, it is generally accepted that these photoinactivation techniques have limitations as they employ treatment conditions shown to compromise the quality of the blood components. During ex vivo storage, platelets having mitochondria for energy production suffer most from the consequences of UV irradiation. Recently, application of visible violet-blue light in the 400-470 nm wavelength range has been identified as a relatively more compatible alternative to UV light. Hence, in this report, we evaluated 405 nm light-treated platelets to assess alterations in energy utilization by measuring different mitochondrial bioenergetic parameters, glycolytic flux, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, we employed untargeted data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry to characterize platelet proteomic differences in protein regulation after the light treatment. Overall, our analyses demonstrate that ex vivo treatment of human platelets with antimicrobial 405 nm violet-blue light leads to mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming to survive the treatment, and alters a fraction of platelet proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirsendu Jana
- Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
| | - Michael R Heaven
- Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Neetu Dahiya
- Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Caitlin Stewart
- The Robertson Trust Laboratory for Electronic Sterilization Technologies, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - John Anderson
- The Robertson Trust Laboratory for Electronic Sterilization Technologies, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Scott MacGregor
- The Robertson Trust Laboratory for Electronic Sterilization Technologies, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Maclean
- The Robertson Trust Laboratory for Electronic Sterilization Technologies, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Abdu I Alayash
- Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Chintamani Atreya
- Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
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Zhang W, Su P, Ma J, Gong M, Ma L, Wang J. A singlet state oxygen generation model based on the Monte Carlo method of visible antibacterial blue light inactivation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 239:112628. [PMID: 36610348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Visible antibacterial blue light (VABL) has received much attention recently as a nondestructive inactivation approach. However, due to the sparse distribution of bacteria, the light energy evaluation method used in existing studies is inaccurate. Thus, the sensitivity of microorganisms to VABL in different experiments cannot be compared. In this paper, a Monte Carlo-based photon transport model with the optimized scattering phase function was constructed. The model calculated the spatial light energy distribution and the temporal distribution of cumulative singlet state oxygen (CSO) under various cell and medium parameters. The simulation results show that when the cells are sparsely distributed, <30% of light energy from the light source is absorbed by microbes and participates in photochemical reactions. The CSO produced increases with cell density and cell size. Little light energy is available, and thus, the concentration of CSO produced is insufficient to inactivate microbes at deeper depths. As the light intensity and inactivation time increased, the production of singlet state oxygen tended to level off. The model proposed here can quantify the generation of singlet state oxygen and provide a more accurate light energy guide for the VABL inactivation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqing Zhang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ping Su
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianshe Ma
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Mali Gong
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liya Ma
- Shenzhen Baoan Women and Children's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518100, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Water Conservancy, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650000, China
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10
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Visible 405 nm Violet-Blue Light Successfully Inactivates HIV-1 in Human Plasma. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11070778. [PMID: 35890023 PMCID: PMC9320750 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11070778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in ensuring the safety of the blood supply, there is continued risk of transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) from newly emerging or re-emerging infections. Globally, several pathogen reduction technologies (PRTs) for blood safety have been in development as an alternative to traditional treatment methods. Despite broad spectrum antimicrobial efficacy, some of the approved ultraviolet (UV) light-based PRTs, understandably due to UV light-associated toxicities, fall short in preserving the full functional spectrum of the treated blood components. As a safer alternative to the UV-based microbicidal technologies, investigations into the use of violet-blue light in the region of 405 nm have been on the rise as these wavelengths do not impair the treated product at doses that demonstrate microbicidal activity. Recently, we have demonstrated that a 405 nm violet-blue light dose of 270 J/cm2 was sufficient for reducing bacteria and the parasite in plasma and platelets suspended in plasma while preserving the quality of the treated blood product stored for transfusion. Drawn from the previous experience, here we evaluated the virucidal potential of 405 nm violet-blue light dose of 270 J/cm2 on an important blood-borne enveloped virus, the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), in human plasma. Both test plasma (HIV-1 spiked and treated with various doses of 405 nm light) and control plasma (HIV-1 spiked, but not treated with the light) samples were cultured with HIV-1 permissive H9 cell line for up to 21 days to estimate the viral titers. Quantitative HIV-1 p24 antigen (HIV-1 p24) levels reflective of HIV-1 titers were measured for each light dose to assess virus infectivity. Our results demonstrate that a 405 nm light dose of 270 J/cm2 is also capable of 4–5 log HIV-1 reduction in plasma under the conditions tested. Overall, this study provides the first proof-of-concept that 405 nm violet-blue light successfully inactivates HIV-1 present in human plasma, thereby demonstrating its potential towards being an effective PRT for this blood component safety.
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11
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Greer A. Violet-blue Light Induces "Natural" Photodynamic Plasma Disinfection with Endogenous Sensitizers. Photochem Photobiol 2022; 98:513-515. [PMID: 35020199 DOI: 10.1111/php.13591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Naturally, endogenous porphyrins can provide sensitized disinfection power, and to photobiologists' delight, violet-blue light has potential virtues. But progress is needed before violet-blue light treatment can used for microbe treatment of blood samples, and yet safeguard against plasma protein photooxidation. A report by Maclean et al. in this issue of Photochemistry & Photobiology on microbe reduction of blood samples showing negligible competing protein photooxidation may bring that goal a step closer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Greer
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, 11210, United States.,Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York, 10016, United States
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12
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Leanse LG, Dos Anjos C, Mushtaq S, Dai T. Antimicrobial blue light: A 'Magic Bullet' for the 21st century and beyond? Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 180:114057. [PMID: 34800566 PMCID: PMC8728809 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, antimicrobial blue light (aBL) at 400 - 470 nm wavelength has demonstrated immense promise as an alternative approach for the treatment of multidrug-resistant infections. Since our last review was published in 2017, there have been numerous studies that have investigated aBL in terms of its, efficacy, safety, mechanism, and propensity for resistance development. In addition, researchers have looked at combinatorial approaches that exploit aBL and other traditional and non-traditional therapeutics. To that end, this review aims to update the findings from numerous studies that capitalize on the antimicrobial effects of aBL, with a focus on: efficacy of aBL against different microbes, identifying endogenous chromophores and targets of aBL, Resistance development to aBL, Safety of aBL against host cells, and Synergism of aBL with other agents. We will also discuss our perspective on the future of aBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon G Leanse
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Carolina Dos Anjos
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sana Mushtaq
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad campus, Pakistan
| | - Tianhong Dai
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
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13
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Stewart CF, Tomb RM, Ralston HJ, Armstrong J, Anderson JG, MacGregor SJ, Atreya CD, Maclean M. Violet-blue 405-nm Light-based Photoinactivation for Pathogen Reduction of Human Plasma Provides Broad Antibacterial Efficacy Without Visible Degradation of Plasma Proteins. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:504-512. [PMID: 34935147 DOI: 10.1111/php.13584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In transfusion medicine, bacterial contamination can occur in ex vivo stored blood plasma, and there are continued efforts to improve blood safety and reduce the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections. Visible 405-nm violet-blue light has demonstrated potential for in situ pathogen reduction in ex vivo stored plasma and platelet concentrates. This study investigates the broad-spectrum antibacterial efficacy and compatibility potential of 405-nm light for treatment of blood plasma. Human plasma seeded with bacteria at a range of densities (101 -103 , 104 -106 , 107 -108 CFU mL-1 ) was exposed to 360 J cm-2 405-nm light (1 h at 0.1 W cm-2 ), with this fixed dose selected based on the initial analysis of inactivation kinetics. One-dimensional protein mobility analysis and measurement of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) was conducted to evaluate compatibility of the antimicrobial dose with plasma proteins and, identify upper levels at which protein degradation can be detected. Broad-spectrum antibacterial efficacy was observed with a fixed treatment of 360 J cm-2 , with 98.9-100% inactivation achieved across all seeding densities for all organisms, except E. coli, which achieved 95.1-100% inactivation. At this dose (360 J cm-2 ), no signs of protein degradation occurred. Overall, 405-nm light shows promise for broad-spectrum bacterial inactivation in blood plasma, while preserving plasma protein integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin F Stewart
- The Robertson Trust Laboratory for Electronic Sterilisation Technologies (ROLEST), Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rachael M Tomb
- The Robertson Trust Laboratory for Electronic Sterilisation Technologies (ROLEST), Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Heather J Ralston
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jack Armstrong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - John G Anderson
- The Robertson Trust Laboratory for Electronic Sterilisation Technologies (ROLEST), Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Scott J MacGregor
- The Robertson Trust Laboratory for Electronic Sterilisation Technologies (ROLEST), Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Chintamani D Atreya
- Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Michelle Maclean
- The Robertson Trust Laboratory for Electronic Sterilisation Technologies (ROLEST), Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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14
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Jankowska KI, Nagarkatti R, Acharyya N, Dahiya N, Stewart CF, Macpherson RW, Wilson MP, Anderson JG, MacGregor SJ, Maclean M, Dey N, Debrabant A, Atreya CD. Complete Inactivation of Blood Borne Pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi in Stored Human Platelet Concentrates and Plasma Treated With 405 nm Violet-Blue Light. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:617373. [PMID: 33330577 PMCID: PMC7732587 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.617373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of pathogen reduction technologies (PRTs) to inactivate bacteria, viruses and parasites in donated blood components stored for transfusion adds to the existing arsenal toward reducing the risk of transfusion-transmitted infectious diseases (TTIDs). We have previously demonstrated that 405 nm violet-blue light effectively reduces blood-borne bacteria in stored human plasma and platelet concentrates. In this report, we investigated the microbicidal effect of 405 nm light on one important bloodborne parasite Trypanosoma cruzi that causes Chagas disease in humans. Our results demonstrated that a light irradiance at 15 mWcm−2 for 5 h, equivalent to 270 Jcm−2, effectively inactivated T. cruzi by over 9.0 Log10, in plasma and platelets that were evaluated by a MK2 cell infectivity assay. Giemsa stained T. cruzi infected MK2 cells showed that the light-treated parasites in plasma and platelets were deficient in infecting MK2 cells and did not differentiate further into intracellular amastigotes unlike the untreated parasites. The light-treated and untreated parasite samples were then evaluated for any residual infectivity by injecting the treated parasites into Swiss Webster mice, which did not develop infection even after the animals were immunosuppressed, further demonstrating that the light treatment was completely effective for inactivation of the parasite; the light-treated platelets had similar in vitro metabolic and biochemical indices to that of untreated platelets. Overall, these results provide a proof of concept toward developing 405 nm light treatment as a pathogen reduction technology (PRT) to enhance the safety of stored human plasma and platelet concentrates from bloodborne T. cruzi, which causes Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna I Jankowska
- Laboratory of Cellular Hematology, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Rana Nagarkatti
- Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Nirmallya Acharyya
- Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Neetu Dahiya
- Laboratory of Cellular Hematology, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Caitlin F Stewart
- The Robertson Trust Laboratory for Electronic Sterilization Technologies, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ruairidh W Macpherson
- The Robertson Trust Laboratory for Electronic Sterilization Technologies, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mark P Wilson
- The Robertson Trust Laboratory for Electronic Sterilization Technologies, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - John G Anderson
- The Robertson Trust Laboratory for Electronic Sterilization Technologies, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Scott J MacGregor
- The Robertson Trust Laboratory for Electronic Sterilization Technologies, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Maclean
- The Robertson Trust Laboratory for Electronic Sterilization Technologies, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Dey
- Canary, Inc., Acton, MA, United States
| | - Alain Debrabant
- Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Chintamani D Atreya
- Laboratory of Cellular Hematology, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
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