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Almeida LF, Gil GA, Moraes LN, Furtado FB, Kakuda L, Grotto RMT, Oliveira WP. Nanostructured lipid carriers loaded with essential oils: a strategy against SARS-CoV-2. J Microencapsul 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38686964 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2024.2348463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
This work aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Lippia sidoides and Syzygium aromaticum essential oils (EOs) encapsulated in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) as SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors through virucidal activity assessment. We developed anionic and cationic NLCs loaded with the EOs and assessed their physicochemical properties and SARS-CoV-2 virucidal activity, focusing on the effects of EO type and the NLCs composition. The NLCs exhibited particle sizes of 141.30 to 160.53 nm for anionic and 109.30 to 138.60 nm for cationic types, with PDIs between 0.16 and 0.25. High zeta potentials (>29.0 in modulus) indicated stable formulations. The NLCs effectively encapsulated the EOs, achieving encapsulation efficiencies between 84.6 to 100% w/w of marker compound. The EOs-loaded NLCs reduced the SARS-CoV-2 virion count, exceeding 2 logs over the control. NLCs loaded with Lippia sidoides and Syzygium aromaticum EOs represent an innovative strategy for combating SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Almeida
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Clinical Hospital of the Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - G A Gil
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Processes/LAPROFAR, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - L N Moraes
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Clinical Hospital of the Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
- Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology, School of Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - F B Furtado
- Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology, School of Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
- Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - L Kakuda
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Processes/LAPROFAR, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - R M T Grotto
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Clinical Hospital of the Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
- Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology, School of Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
- Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - W P Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Processes/LAPROFAR, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Zhu Y, Wei L, Zwygart ACA, Gaínza P, Khac QO, Olgiati F, Kurum A, Tang L, Correia B, Tapparel C, Stellacci F. A Synthetic Multivalent Lipopeptide Derived from Pam3CSK4 with Irreversible Influenza Inhibition and Immuno-Stimulating Effects. Small 2024:e2307709. [PMID: 38438885 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The activation of the host adaptive immune system is crucial for eliminating viruses. However, influenza infection often suppresses the innate immune response that precedes adaptive immunity, and the adaptive immune responses are typically delayed. Dendritic cells, serving as professional antigen-presenting cells, have a vital role in initiating the adaptive immune response. In this study, an immuno-stimulating antiviral system (ISAS) is introduced, which is composed of the immuno-stimulating adjuvant lipopeptide Pam3CSK4 that acts as a scaffold onto which it is covalently bound 3 to 4 influenza-inhibiting peptides. The multivalent display of peptides on the scaffold leads to a potent inhibition against H1N1 (EC50 = 20 nM). Importantly, the resulting lipopeptide, Pam3FDA, shows an irreversible inhibition mechanism. The chemical modification of peptides on the scaffold maintains Pam3CSK4's ability to stimulate dendritic cell maturation, thereby rendering Pam3FDA a unique antiviral. This is attributed to its immune activation capability, which also acts in synergy to expedite viral elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhu
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Station 12, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Lixia Wei
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Station 12, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Charles-Antoine Zwygart
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, CMU Rue Michel-Servet 1, Geneva 4, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Gaínza
- Interschool Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Station 12, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Quy Ong Khac
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Station 12, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Olgiati
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Station 12, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Armand Kurum
- Interschool Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Station 12, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Li Tang
- Interschool Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Station 12, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Correia
- Interschool Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Station 12, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Tapparel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, CMU Rue Michel-Servet 1, Geneva 4, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Stellacci
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Station 12, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
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Sabharwal N, Arora A, Upadhyaya V, Sehgal MM, Nayak K, Katyal S, Dahiya M, Pratap C, Sharma R. Impression Disinfection and Its Effect on Dimensional Accuracy and Surface Detail in the Times of COVID-19: An In Vitro Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e55931. [PMID: 38623104 PMCID: PMC11017823 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The disinfection of impressions is crucial to eliminate the viral and other microbial loads to prevent the cross contamination of diseases. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of different virucidal disinfecting methods on the dimensional accuracy and surface detail reproduction (SDR) of impression materials. Methods A total of 160 samples were fabricated with different impression materials using zinc oxide eugenol (Group 1), alginate (Group 2), polyether (Group 3), and addition silicone (Group 4) impression materials, each containing 40 samples (n=40). These groups were further divided into Subgroups A, B, C, and D (n=10) based on the disinfecting method used. Disinfection was carried out using 0.2% peracetic acid (A), a natural polymer of glucosamine (B), ultraviolet (UV) radiation (C), and ozonated water (D). The disinfected impressions were poured in type IV gypsum, and the obtained casts were checked for dimensional accuracy and surface detail reproduction (SDR). For dimensional accuracy, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and, for surface detail reproduction, the chi-square test were used to compare the different subgroups of each impression material separately. Results Zinc oxide eugenol samples showed the lowest mean dimensional change when disinfected with 0.2% peracetic acid (1A=154.1 µm), and alginate showed the lowest mean dimensional change when disinfected using ozonated water (2D=134.9 µm). On the other hand, the lowest mean dimensional change observed in polyether and addition silicone samples was those which were disinfected using UV radiation (3C=100.9 µm and 4C=113.5 µm). Surface detail was reproduced adequately in most of the samples. Conclusion A 0.2% peracetic acid could be used to disinfect zinc oxide eugenol impressions, ozonated water for alginate impressions, and UV radiation for polyether and addition silicone impressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Sabharwal
- Prosthodontics, Institute of Technology and Science (ITS) Dental College, Ghaziabad, IND
| | - Aman Arora
- Prosthodontics, JN Kapoor Dayanand Anglo Vedic (DAV) Dental College, Yamunanagar, IND
| | - Viram Upadhyaya
- Prosthodontics, JN Kapoor Dayanand Anglo Vedic (DAV) Dental College, Yamunanagar, IND
| | - Monika M Sehgal
- Prosthodontics, JN Kapoor Dayanand Anglo Vedic (DAV) Dental College, Yamunanagar, IND
| | - Karvika Nayak
- Prosthodontics, Institute of Technology and Science (ITS) Dental College, Ghaziabad, IND
| | - Setu Katyal
- Endodontics, Institute of Technology and Science (ITS) Dental College, Ghaziabad, IND
| | - Manisha Dahiya
- Prosthodontics, JN Kapoor Dayanand Anglo Vedic (DAV) Dental College, Yamunanagar, IND
| | - Chandrama Pratap
- Prosthodontics, JN Kapoor Dayanand Anglo Vedic (DAV) Dental College, Yamunanagar, IND
| | - Radhika Sharma
- Prosthodontics, JN Kapoor Dayanand Anglo Vedic (DAV) Dental College, Yamunanagar, IND
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4
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Luceri A, Francese R, Perero S, Lembo D, Ferraris M, Balagna C. Antibacterial and Antiviral Activities of Silver Nanocluster/Silica Composite Coatings Deposited onto Air Filters. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:3955-3965. [PMID: 38195426 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The indoor air quality should be better controlled and improved to avoid numerous health issues. Even if different devices are developed for air filtration, the proliferation of microorganisms under certain conditions must be controlled. For this purpose, a silver nanocluster/silica composite coating was deposited via a cosputtering technique onto fiber glass and polymeric based substrates. The aim of this work is focused on the evaluation of the antibacterial and antiviral effects of the developed coating. The preliminary results of the compositional and morphological tests showed an evenly distributed coating on filters surfaces. Several antibacterial tests were performed, confirming strong effect both in qualitative and quantitative methods, against S. epidermidis and E. coli. To understand if the coating can stop the proliferation of bacteria colonies spread on it, simulation of everyday usage of filters was performed, nebulizing bacteria solution with high colonies concentration and evaluating the inhibition of bacteria growth. Additionally, a deep understanding of the virucidal action and mechanism of Ag nanoclusters of the coating was performed. The effect of the coating both in aqueous medium and in dry methods was evaluated, in comparison with analysis on ions release. The virucidal performances are assessed against the human coronavirus OC43 strain (HCoV-OC43).
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Luceri
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Rachele Francese
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Sergio Perero
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - David Lembo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Monica Ferraris
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Balagna
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
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Feng J, Nie C, Xie E, Thongrom B, Reiter-Scherer V, Block S, Herrmann A, Quaas E, Sieben C, Haag R. Sulfated Polyglycerol-Modified Hydrogels for Binding HSV-1 and RSV. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37903283 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a highly sulfated polysaccharide on the surface of mammalian cells and in the extracellular matrix and has been found to be important for virus binding and infection. In this work, we designed synthetic hydrogels with viral binding and deactivation activities through the postfunctionalization of an HS-mimicking polyelectrolyte and alkyl chains. Three polyglycerol-based hydrogels were prepared as substrates and postfunctionalized by sulfated linear polyglycerol (lPGS) via thiol-ene click reaction. The viral binding properties were studied using herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The effect of hydrogel types and molecular weight (Mw) of conjugated lPGS on viral binding properties was also assessed, and promising binding activities were observed in all lPGS-functionalized samples. Further coupling of 11 carbons long alkyl chains to the hydrogel revealed virucidal properties caused by destruction of the viral envelope, as shown by atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Feng
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Chuanxiong Nie
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Enyu Xie
- Nanoscale Infection Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, Braunschweig 38124, Germany
| | - Boonya Thongrom
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Valentin Reiter-Scherer
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Block
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, SupraFAB, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 23a,14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisa Quaas
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Sieben
- Nanoscale Infection Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, Braunschweig 38124, Germany
- Institute of Genetics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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6
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Maaroufi I, Jamsransuren D, Hashida K, Matsuda S, Ogawa H, Takeda Y. An Abies Extract Containing Nonvolatile Polyphenols Shows Virucidal Activity against SARS-CoV-2 That Is Enhanced in Increased pH Conditions. Pathogens 2023; 12:1093. [PMID: 37764901 PMCID: PMC10534523 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Researching the beneficial health properties of wood byproducts can prevent wastage by turning them into valuable resources. In this study, the virucidal activity of two extracts from Abies sachalinensis byproducts, ASE1, and ASE2, against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was investigated. ASE1 is rich in monoterpenoid volatile compounds, whereas ASE2 contains nonvolatile polyphenols. SARS-CoV-2 solutions were mixed with ASE1 or ASE2, and viral titer reduction was evaluated. At their original acidic pH, ASE2 showed stronger virucidal activity than ASE1. The virucidal activity of ASE2 was also significantly enhanced when pH was increased to neutral or basic, which was not the case for ASE1. At a neutral pH, ASE2 induced statistically significant viral titer reduction in 1 min. HCl and NaOH solutions, which had a pH close to that of acidic and basic ASE2 test mixtures, respectively, exhibited no virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2. Among the SARS-CoV-2 variants, Omicron showed the highest vulnerability to ASE2. Western blotting, RT-PCR, and electron microscopic analysis revealed that neutral ASE2 interacts with SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins and moderately disrupts the SARS-CoV-2 genome and viral envelope. These findings reveal the virucidal potential of ASE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Maaroufi
- Graduate School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences and Agriculture, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan;
| | - Dulamjav Jamsransuren
- Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan; (D.J.); (S.M.)
| | - Koh Hashida
- Department of Forest Resources Chemistry, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba 305-8687, Japan;
| | - Sachiko Matsuda
- Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan; (D.J.); (S.M.)
| | - Haruko Ogawa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan;
| | - Yohei Takeda
- Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan; (D.J.); (S.M.)
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan;
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7
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Fox CR, Kedarinath K, Neal CJ, Sheiber J, Kolanthai E, Kumar U, Drake C, Seal S, Parks GD. Broad-Spectrum, Potent, and Durable Ceria Nanoparticles Inactivate RNA Virus Infectivity by Targeting Virion Surfaces and Disrupting Virus-Receptor Interactions. Molecules 2023; 28:5190. [PMID: 37446852 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There is intense interest in developing long-lasting, potent, and broad-spectrum antiviral disinfectants. Ceria nanoparticles (CNPs) can undergo surface redox reactions (Ce3+ ↔ Ce4+) to generate ROS without requiring an external driving force. Here, we tested the mechanism behind our prior finding of potent inactivation of enveloped and non-enveloped RNA viruses by silver-modified CNPs, AgCNP1 and AgCNP2. Treatment of human respiratory viruses, coronavirus OC43 and parainfluenza virus type 5 (PIV5) with AgCNP1 and 2, respectively, prevented virus interactions with host cell receptors and resulted in virion aggregation. Rhinovirus 14 (RV14) mutants were selected to be resistant to inactivation by AgCNP2. Sequence analysis of the resistant virus genomes predicted two amino acid changes in surface-located residues D91V and F177L within capsid protein VP1. Consistent with the regenerative properties of CNPs, surface-applied AgCNP1 and 2 inactivated a wide range of structurally diverse viruses, including enveloped (OC43, SARS-CoV-2, and PIV5) and non-enveloped RNA viruses (RV14 and feline calicivirus; FCV). Remarkably, a single application of AgCNP1 and 2 potently inactivated up to four sequential rounds of virus challenge. Our results show broad-spectrum and long-lasting anti-viral activity of AgCNP nanoparticles, due to targeting of viral surface proteins to disrupt interactions with cellular receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace R Fox
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Kritika Kedarinath
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Craig J Neal
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Jeremy Sheiber
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Elayaraja Kolanthai
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Udit Kumar
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | | | - Sudipta Seal
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
- Nano Science Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
- Biionix Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Griffith D Parks
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
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8
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Han SY, Yun G, Cha HM, Lee MK, Lee H, Kang EK, Hong SP, Teahan KA, Park M, Hwang H, Lee SS, Kim M, Choi IS. A Natural Virucidal and Microbicidal Spray Based on Polyphenol-Iron Sols. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2023; 6:1981-1991. [PMID: 37083357 PMCID: PMC10152399 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Numerous disinfection methods have been developed to reduce the transmission of infectious diseases that threaten human health. However, it still remains elusively challenging to develop eco-friendly and cost-effective methods that deactivate a wide range of pathogens, from viruses to bacteria and fungi, without doing any harm to humans or the environment. Herein we report a natural spraying protocol, based on a water-dispersible supramolecular sol of nature-derived tannic acid (TA) and Fe3+, which is easy-to-use and low-cost. Our formulation effectively deactivates viruses (influenza A viruses, SARS-CoV-2, and human rhinovirus) as well as suppressing the growth and spread of pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Acinetobacter baumannii) and fungi (Pleurotus ostreatus and Trichophyton rubrum). Its versatile applicability in a real-life setting is also demonstrated against microorganisms present on the surfaces of common household items (e.g., air filter membranes, disposable face masks, kitchen sinks, mobile phones, refrigerators, and toilet seats).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gyeongwon Yun
- Department of Chemistry,
KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Min Cha
- Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Research Center,
KRICT, Daejeon 34114, Korea
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development,
Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
| | - Myoung Kyu Lee
- Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Research Center,
KRICT, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Hojae Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Hallym
University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | | | - Seok-Pyo Hong
- Department of Chemistry,
KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Kirsty A. Teahan
- School of Chemistry and Institute for Life Sciences,
Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17
1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Minjeong Park
- Hansol RootOne, Inc., 165
Myeoncheon-ro, Dangjin 31803, Korea
| | - Hansol Hwang
- Hansol RootOne, Inc., 165
Myeoncheon-ro, Dangjin 31803, Korea
| | - Seung Seo Lee
- School of Chemistry and Institute for Life Sciences,
Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17
1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Meehyein Kim
- Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Research Center,
KRICT, Daejeon 34114, Korea
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development,
Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
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9
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Teotia A, Laurén I, Borandeh S, Seppälä J. Quaternized Chitosan Derivatives as Viable Antiviral Agents: Structure-Activity Correlations and Mechanisms of Action. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:18707-18719. [PMID: 37014147 PMCID: PMC10119858 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cationic polysaccharides have demonstrated significant antimicrobial properties and have great potential in medical applications, where the antiviral activity is of great interest. As of today, alcohols and oxidizing agents are commonly used as antiviral disinfectants. However, these compounds are not environmentally safe, have short activity periods, and may cause health issues. Therefore, this study aimed to develop metal-free and environmentally friendly quaternary chitosans (QCs) with excellent long-lasting virucidal activity. To evaluate this, both single and double QCs were obtained using AETMAC ([2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl]-trimethylammonium chloride) and GTMAC (glycidyl trimethylammonium chloride) quaternary precursors. Further, this study investigated the influence of the quaternary functional group, charge density, and molecular weight (Mw) on the antiviral properties of QCs. It is proposed that the higher charge density, along with the length of alkyl linkers, and hydrophobic interactions affected the antiviral activity of QCs. The findings demonstrated that heterogeneously functionalized chitosan exhibited excellent antiviral activity against both the enveloped virus φ6 and the nonenveloped viruses φX174 and MS2. These quaternized chitosan derivatives have promising potential as viable antiviral agents, as hand/surface sanitizers, or in other biomedical applications.
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10
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Sahun M, Privat-Maldonado A, Lin A, De Roeck N, Van der Heyden L, Hillen M, Michiels J, Steenackers G, Smits E, Ariën KK, Jorens PG, Delputte P, Bogaerts A. Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Enveloped and Non-Enveloped Viruses with Non-Thermal Plasma for Hospital Disinfection. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 2023; 11:5206-5215. [PMID: 37034498 PMCID: PMC10068876 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c07622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
As recently highlighted by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, viruses have become an increasing burden for health, global economy, and environment. The control of transmission by contact with contaminated materials represents a major challenge, particularly in hospital environments. However, the current disinfection methods in hospital settings suffer from numerous drawbacks. As a result, several medical supplies that cannot be properly disinfected are not reused, leading to severe shortages and increasing amounts of waste, thus prompting the search for alternative solutions. In this work, we report that non-thermal plasma (NTP) can effectively inactivate SARS-CoV-2 from non-porous and porous materials commonly found in healthcare facilities. We demonstrated that 5 min treatment with a dielectric barrier discharge NTP can inactivate 100% of SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan and Omicron strains) from plastic material. Using porcine respiratory coronavirus (surrogate for SARS-CoV-2) and coxsackievirus B3 (highly resistant non-enveloped virus), we tested the NTP virucidal activity on hospital materials and obtained complete inactivation after 5 and 10 min, respectively. We hypothesize that the produced reactive species and local acidification contribute to the overall virucidal effect of NTP. Our results demonstrate the potential of dielectric barrier discharge NTPs for the rapid, efficient, and low-cost disinfection of healthcare materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Sahun
- Plasma
Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine—Antwerp
(PLASMANT), Department of Chemistry, University
of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Angela Privat-Maldonado
- Plasma
Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine—Antwerp
(PLASMANT), Department of Chemistry, University
of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Center
for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision
Oncology Network (IPPON), University of
Antwerp, Universiteitsplein
1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Abraham Lin
- Plasma
Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine—Antwerp
(PLASMANT), Department of Chemistry, University
of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Center
for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision
Oncology Network (IPPON), University of
Antwerp, Universiteitsplein
1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Naomi De Roeck
- Laboratory
for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical,
Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University
of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein
1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lisa Van der Heyden
- Plasma
Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine—Antwerp
(PLASMANT), Department of Chemistry, University
of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Center
for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision
Oncology Network (IPPON), University of
Antwerp, Universiteitsplein
1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Michaël Hillen
- Industrial
Vision Lab (InViLab), Department of Electromechanical Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Johan Michiels
- Virology
Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gunther Steenackers
- Industrial
Vision Lab (InViLab), Department of Electromechanical Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Evelien Smits
- Center
for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision
Oncology Network (IPPON), University of
Antwerp, Universiteitsplein
1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kevin K. Ariën
- Laboratory
for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical,
Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University
of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein
1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Virology
Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Philippe G. Jorens
- Department
of Intensive Care Medicine, Antwerp University
Hospital, Wilrijkstraat
10, 2650 Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory
of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter Delputte
- Laboratory
for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical,
Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University
of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein
1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Annemie Bogaerts
- Plasma
Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine—Antwerp
(PLASMANT), Department of Chemistry, University
of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
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11
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Zhu Y, Sysoev AA, Silva PHJ, Batista M, Stellacci F. Antiviral Mechanism of Virucidal Sialic Acid Modified Cyclodextrin. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15. [PMID: 36839904 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We have reported that CD-6'SLN [6-sialyllactosamine (6'SLN)-modified β-cyclodextrin (CD)] can be a potential anti-influenza drug because it irreversibly deactivates virions. Indeed, in vivo, CD-6'SLN improved mice survival in an H1N1 infection model even when administered 24 h post-infection. Although CD-6'SLN was designed to target the viral envelope protein hemagglutinin (HA), a natural receptor of 6'SLN, it remains unclear whether other targets exist. In this study, we confirm that CD-6'SLN inhibits the influenza virus through an extracellular mechanism by interacting with HA, but not with neuraminidase (NA), despite the latter also having a binding pocket for the sialyl group. We find that CD-6'SLN interacts with the viral envelope as it elicits the release of a fluorophore embedded in the membrane. Two similar compounds were designed to test separately the effect of 6'SLN and of the undecyl moiety that links the CD to 6'SLN. Neither showed any interaction with the membrane nor the irreversible viral inhibition (virucidal), confirming that both components are essential to membrane interaction and virucidal action. Unlike similar antiviral cyclodextrins developed against other viruses, CD-6'SLN was not able to decapsulate viral RNA. Our findings support that combining viral protein-specific epitopes with hydrophobic linkers provides a strategy for developing antiviral drugs with a virucidal mechanism.
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12
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Park S, Kim JY, Kwon HC, Jang DS, Song YJ. Antiviral Activities of Ethyl Pheophorbides a and b Isolated from Aster pseudoglehnii against Influenza Viruses. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010041. [PMID: 36615236 PMCID: PMC9822050 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Screening of the antiviral and virucidal activities of ethanol extracts from plants endemic to the Republic of Korea revealed the inhibitory activity of a 70% ethanol extract of the whole plant of A. pseudoglehnii (APE) against influenza virus infection. Two chlorophyll derivatives, ethyl pheophorbides a and b, isolated as active components of APE, exerted virucidal effects with no evident cytotoxicity. These compounds were effective only under conditions of direct incubation with the virus, and exerted no effects on the influenza A virus (IAV) surface glycoproteins hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Interestingly, virucidal activities of ethyl pheophorbides a and b were observed against enveloped but not non-enveloped viruses, suggesting that these compounds act by affecting the integrity of the viral membrane and reducing infectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subin Park
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Cheol Kwon
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung Institute, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (D.S.J.); (Y.-J.S.); Tel.: +82-2-961-0719 (D.S.J.); +82-31-750-8731 (Y.-J.S.)
| | - Yoon-Jae Song
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (D.S.J.); (Y.-J.S.); Tel.: +82-2-961-0719 (D.S.J.); +82-31-750-8731 (Y.-J.S.)
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13
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Jones LM, Super EH, Batt LJ, Gasbarri M, Coppola F, Bhebhe LM, Cheesman BT, Howe AM, Král P, Coulston R, Jones ST. Broad-Spectrum Extracellular Antiviral Properties of Cucurbit[ n]urils. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:2084-2095. [PMID: 36062478 PMCID: PMC9578052 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Viruses are microscopic pathogens capable of causing disease and are responsible for a range of human mortalities and morbidities worldwide. They can be rendered harmless or destroyed with a range of antiviral chemical compounds. Cucurbit[n]urils (CB[n]s) are a family of macrocycle chemical compounds existing as a range of homologues; due to their structure, they can bind to biological materials, acting as supramolecular "hosts" to "guests", such as amino acids. Due to the increasing need for a nontoxic antiviral compound, we investigated whether cucurbit[n]urils could act in an antiviral manner. We have found that certain cucurbit[n]uril homologues do indeed have an antiviral effect against a range of viruses, including herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and SARS-CoV-2. In particular, we demonstrate that CB[7] is the active homologue of CB[n], having an antiviral effect against enveloped and nonenveloped species. High levels of efficacy were observed with 5 min contact times across different viruses. We also demonstrate that CB[7] acts with an extracellular virucidal mode of action via host-guest supramolecular interactions between viral surface proteins and the CB[n] cavity, rather than via cell internalization or a virustatic mechanism. This finding demonstrates that CB[7] acts as a supramolecular virucidal antiviral (a mechanism distinct from other current extracellular antivirals), demonstrating the potential of supramolecular interactions for future antiviral disinfectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke M. Jones
- Department
of Materials and The Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M19 3PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Elana H. Super
- Department
of Materials and The Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M19 3PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Lauren J. Batt
- Department
of Materials and The Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M19 3PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Matteo Gasbarri
- Institute
of Materials, Interfaculty Bioengineering
Institute, MXG 030 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Coppola
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at
Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Lorraine M. Bhebhe
- Department
of Materials and The Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M19 3PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Benjamin T. Cheesman
- Aqdot
Limited, Iconix Park,
London Road, Pampisford, Cambridge CB22 3EG, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M. Howe
- Aqdot
Limited, Iconix Park,
London Road, Pampisford, Cambridge CB22 3EG, United Kingdom
| | - Petr Král
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at
Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States,Department
of Physics and Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Roger Coulston
- Aqdot
Limited, Iconix Park,
London Road, Pampisford, Cambridge CB22 3EG, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel T. Jones
- Department
of Materials and The Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M19 3PL, United
Kingdom,
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14
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Benedusi M, Tamburini E, Sicurella M, Summa D, Ferrara F, Marconi P, Cervellati F, Costa S, Valacchi G. The Lesson Learned from the COVID-19 Pandemic: Can an Active Chemical Be Effective, Safe, Harmless-for-Humans and Low-Cost at a Time? Evidence on Aerosolized Hypochlorous Acid. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:13163. [PMID: 36293740 PMCID: PMC9602504 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has underlined the importance of disinfectants as tools to prevent and fight against coronavirus spreading. An ideal disinfectant and sanitizer must be nontoxic to surface contact, noncorrosive, effective, and relatively inexpensive as it is hypochlorous acid (HOCl). The present work intended to evaluate, on different surfaces, the bactericidal and virucidal effectiveness of nebulized HOCl and test its safety usage in 2D and 3D skin and lung models. Our data showed that HOCl at the dose of 300 ppm did not affect cellular and tissue viability, not their morphology. The HOCl bactericidal properties varies with the surface analyzed: 69% for semi-porous, 96-99.9% for flat and porous. This discrepancy was not noticed for the virucidal properties. Overall, this study showed that nebulized HOCl can prevent virus and bacteria growth without affecting lung and skin tissues, making this compound a perfect candidate to sanitize indoor environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mascia Benedusi
- Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena Tamburini
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mariaconcetta Sicurella
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Daniela Summa
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesca Ferrara
- Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Peggy Marconi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Franco Cervellati
- Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefania Costa
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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15
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Zhang Y, Choi YW, Demir B, Ekbataniamiri F, Fulton ML, Ma M, Schang LM, Purevdorj-Gage L, Qiao M. Novel chlorine-extending polymer coating with prolonged antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 75:1346-1353. [PMID: 35965454 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported a novel polymeric surface coating, namely HaloFilmTM , that can immobilize and extend the antimicrobial activity of chlorine on surfaces. In this study, we demonstrated the continuous antiviral efficacy of HaloFilmTM when applied on stainless steel and cotton gauze as two representative models for non-porous and porous surfaces against SARS-CoV-2. Forty-eight hours post HaloFilm application and chlorination, and 2 hours post the viral challenge, the inoculum titer was reduced by 2.25±0.33 and ≥4.36±0.23 log10 TCIDA50 on non-porous and porous surfaces, respectively. The half-life of the virus was shorter (13.86 min) on a HaloFilmTM -coated surface compared to what has been reported on copper (46.44 min).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Young W Choi
- Battelle Biomedical Research Center, West Jefferson, OH
| | | | | | | | - Minglin Ma
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Luis M Schang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
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16
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Ragupathy V, Haleyurgirisetty M, Dahiya N, Stewart C, Anderson J, MacGregor S, Maclean M, Hewlett I, Atreya C. Visible 405 nm Violet-Blue Light Successfully Inactivates HIV-1 in Human Plasma. Pathogens 2022; 11:778. [PMID: 35890023 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11070778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in ensuring the safety of the blood supply, there is continued risk of transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) from newly emerging or re-emerging infections. Globally, several pathogen reduction technologies (PRTs) for blood safety have been in development as an alternative to traditional treatment methods. Despite broad spectrum antimicrobial efficacy, some of the approved ultraviolet (UV) light-based PRTs, understandably due to UV light-associated toxicities, fall short in preserving the full functional spectrum of the treated blood components. As a safer alternative to the UV-based microbicidal technologies, investigations into the use of violet-blue light in the region of 405 nm have been on the rise as these wavelengths do not impair the treated product at doses that demonstrate microbicidal activity. Recently, we have demonstrated that a 405 nm violet-blue light dose of 270 J/cm2 was sufficient for reducing bacteria and the parasite in plasma and platelets suspended in plasma while preserving the quality of the treated blood product stored for transfusion. Drawn from the previous experience, here we evaluated the virucidal potential of 405 nm violet-blue light dose of 270 J/cm2 on an important blood-borne enveloped virus, the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), in human plasma. Both test plasma (HIV-1 spiked and treated with various doses of 405 nm light) and control plasma (HIV-1 spiked, but not treated with the light) samples were cultured with HIV-1 permissive H9 cell line for up to 21 days to estimate the viral titers. Quantitative HIV-1 p24 antigen (HIV-1 p24) levels reflective of HIV-1 titers were measured for each light dose to assess virus infectivity. Our results demonstrate that a 405 nm light dose of 270 J/cm2 is also capable of 4–5 log HIV-1 reduction in plasma under the conditions tested. Overall, this study provides the first proof-of-concept that 405 nm violet-blue light successfully inactivates HIV-1 present in human plasma, thereby demonstrating its potential towards being an effective PRT for this blood component safety.
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17
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Reiss RA, Makhnin O, Lowe TC. Rapid Method to Quantify the Antiviral Potential of Porous and Nonporous Material Using the Enveloped Bacteriophage Phi6. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:8350-8362. [PMID: 35543429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic revealed significant gaps in our understanding of the antiviral potential of porous textiles used for personal protective equipment and nonporous touch surfaces. What is the fate of a microbe when it encounters an abiotic surface? How can we change the microenvironment of materials to improve antimicrobial properties? Filling these gaps requires increasing data generation throughput. A method to accomplish this leverages the use of the enveloped bacteriophage ϕ6, an adjustable spacing multichannel pipette, and the statistical design opportunities inherent in the ordered array of the 24-well culture plate format, resulting in a semi-automated small drop assay. For 100 mm2 nonporous coupons of Cu and Zn, the reduction in ϕ6 infectivity fits first-order kinetics, resulting in half-lives (T50) of 4.2 ± 0.1 and 29.4 ± 1.6 min, respectively. In contrast, exposure to stainless steel has no significant effect on infectivity. For porous textiles, differences associated with composition, color, and surface treatment of samples are detected within 5 min of exposure. Half-lives for differently dyed Zn-containing fabrics from commercially available masks ranged from 2.1 ± 0.05 to 9.4 ± 0.2 min. A path toward full automation and the application of machine learning techniques to guide combinatorial material engineering is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Reiss
- Biology Department, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, New Mexico 87801-4750, United States
| | - Oleg Makhnin
- Mathematics Department, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, New Mexico 87801-4750, United States
| | - Terry C Lowe
- Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 920 15th, Street, Golden, Colorado 80401-1887, United States
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18
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Kolanthai E, Neal CJ, Kumar U, Fu Y, Seal S. Antiviral nanopharmaceuticals: Engineered surface interactions and virus-selective activity. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2022; 14:e1823. [PMID: 35697665 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has inspired large research investments from the global scientific community in the study of viral properties and antiviral technologies (e.g., self-cleaning surfaces, virucides, antiviral drugs, and vaccines). Emerging viruses are a constant threat due to the substantial variation in viral structures, limiting the potential for expanded broad-spectrum antiviral agent development, and the complexity of targeting multiple and diverse viral species with unique characteristics involving their virulence. Multiple, more infectious variants of SARS-CoV2 (e.g., Delta, Omicron) have already appeared, necessitating research into versatile, robust control strategies in response to the looming threat of future viruses. Nanotechnology and nanomaterials have played a vital role in addressing current viral threats, from mRNA-based vaccines to nanoparticle-based drugs and nanotechnology enhanced disinfection methods. Rapid progress in the field has prompted a review of the current literature primarily focused on nanotechnology-based virucides and antivirals. In this review, a brief description of antiviral drugs is provided first as background with most of the discussion focused on key design considerations for high-efficacy antiviral nanomaterials (e.g., nanopharmaceuticals) as determined from published studies as well as related modes of biological activity. Insights into potential future research directions are also provided with a section devoted specifically to the SARS-CoV2 virus. This article is categorized under: Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomediciney > Toxicology of Nanomaterials Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Respiratory Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elayaraja Kolanthai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Craig J Neal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Udit Kumar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Yifei Fu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Sudipta Seal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA.,College of Medicine, Nanoscience Technology Center, Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
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19
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Lansky ES. A Possible Synergistic Herbal Solution for COVID-19. Front Biosci (Schol Ed) 2022; 14:12. [PMID: 35730437 DOI: 10.31083/j.fbs1402012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has provided an opportunity for repurposing of drugs, including complex, natural drugs, to meet the global need for safe and effective antiviral medicines which do not promote multidrug resistance nor inflate medical costs. The author herein describes his own repurposing of herbal tinctures, previously prepared for oncology, into a possibly synergistic, anti-COVID 41 "herb" formula of extracts derived from 36 different plants and medicinal mushrooms. A method of multi-sample in vitro testing in green monkey kidney vero cells is proposed for testing the Hypothesis that even in such a large combination, antiviral potency may be preserved, along with therapeutic synergy, smoothness, and complexity. The possibility that the formula's potency may improve with age is considered, along with a suitable method for testing it. Collaborative research inquiries are welcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ephraim Shmaya Lansky
- Laboratory of Applied Metabolomics and Pharmacognosy (LAMP), Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 3498838 Haifa, Israel
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20
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Abstract
Chemical methods of virus inactivation are used routinely to prevent viral transmission in both a personal hygiene capacity but also in at-risk environments like hospitals. Several virucidal products exist, including hand soaps, gels, and surface disinfectants. Resin acids, which can be derived from tall oil, produced from trees, have been shown to exhibit antibacterial activity. However, whether these products or their derivatives have virucidal activity is unknown. Here, we assessed the capacity of rosin soap to inactivate a panel of pathogenic mammalian viruses in vitro. We show that rosin soap can inactivate human enveloped viruses: influenza A virus (IAV), respiratory syncytial virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). For IAV, rosin soap could provide a 100,000-fold reduction in infectivity. However, rosin soap failed to affect the nonenveloped encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV). The inhibitory effect of rosin soap against IAV infectivity was dependent on its concentration but not on the incubation time or temperature. In all, we demonstrate a novel chemical inactivation method against enveloped viruses, which could be of use for preventing virus infections in certain settings. IMPORTANCE Viruses remain a significant cause of human disease and death, most notably illustrated through the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Control of virus infection continues to pose a significant global health challenge to the human population. Viruses can spread through multiple routes, including via environmental and surface contamination, where viruses can remain infectious for days. Methods for inactivating viruses on such surfaces may help mitigate infection. Here, we present evidence identifying a novel virucidal product, rosin soap, which is produced from tall oil from coniferous trees. Rosin soap was able to rapidly and potently inactivate influenza virus and other enveloped viruses.
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21
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Bello-Lopez JM, Silva-Bermudez P, Prado G, Martínez A, Ibáñez-Cervantes G, Cureño-Díaz MA, Rocha-Zavaleta L, Manzo-Merino J, Almaguer-Flores A, Ramos-Vilchis C, Rodil SE. Biocide effect against SARS-CoV-2 and ESKAPE pathogens of a noncytotoxic silver-copper nanofilm. Biomed Mater 2021; 17. [PMID: 34673548 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac3208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanometric materials with biocidal properties effective against severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and pathogenic bacteria could be used to modify surfaces, reducing the risk of touching transmission. In this work, we showed that a nanometric layer of bimetallic AgCu can be effectively deposited on polypropylene (PP) fibers. The virucidal properties of the AgCu nanofilm were evaluated by comparing the viral loads remaining on uncoated and coated PP after contact times between 2 and 24 h. Quantification of virion numbers for different initial concentrations indicated a reduction of more than 95% after 2 h of contact. The bactericidal action of the AgCu nanofilm was also confirmed by inoculating uncoated and coated PP with a pool of pathogenic bacteria associated with pneumonia (ESKAPE). Meanwhile, no cytotoxicity was observed for human fibroblasts and keratinocyte cells, indicating that the nanofilm could be in contact with human skin without threat. The deposition of the AgCu nanofilm on the nonwoven component of reusable cloth masks might help to prevent virus and bacterial infection while reducing the pollution burden related to the disposable masks. The possible mechanism of biocide contact action was studied by quantum chemistry calculations that show that the addition of Ag and/or Cu makes the polymeric fiber a better electron acceptor. This can promote the oxidation of the phospholipids present at both the virus and bacterial membranes. The rupture at the membrane exposes and damages the genetic material of the virus. More studies are needed to determine the mechanism of action, but the results reported here indicate that Cu and Ag ions are good allies, which can help protect us from the virus that has caused this disturbing pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Bello-Lopez
- Dirección de Investigación. Hospital Juárez de México, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 5160, Magdalena de las Salinas, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, 07760 CDMX, México
| | - P Silva-Bermudez
- Unidad de ingeniería de Téjidos, Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa; Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra-Ibarra, Av. México-Xochimilco No. 289 Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, C.P. 14389 CDMX, México
| | - G Prado
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología; Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra-Ibarra, Av. México-Xochimilco No. 289 Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, C.P. 14389 CDMX, México
| | - A Martínez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Circuito Exterior sn, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 CDMX, México
| | - Gabriela Ibáñez-Cervantes
- Dirección de Investigación. Hospital Juárez de México, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 5160, Magdalena de las Salinas, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, 07760 CDMX, México
| | - Mónica Alethia Cureño-Díaz
- Dirección de Investigación. Hospital Juárez de México, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 5160, Magdalena de las Salinas, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, 07760 CDMX, México
| | - L Rocha-Zavaleta
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Escolar sn, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 CDMX, México
| | - J Manzo-Merino
- Cátedras CONACyT-Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, CDMX, México
| | - A Almaguer-Flores
- Laboratorio de Biointerfases, Facultad de Odontología, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 CDMX, México
| | - C Ramos-Vilchis
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Circuito Exterior sn, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 CDMX, México
| | - S E Rodil
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Circuito Exterior sn, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 CDMX, México
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22
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Alayande AB, Kang Y, Jang J, Jee H, Lee YG, Kim IS, Yang E. Antiviral Nanomaterials for Designing Mixed Matrix Membranes. Membranes (Basel) 2021; 11:membranes11070458. [PMID: 34206245 PMCID: PMC8303748 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11070458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Membranes are helpful tools to prevent airborne and waterborne pathogenic microorganisms, including viruses and bacteria. A membrane filter can physically separate pathogens from air or water. Moreover, incorporating antiviral and antibacterial nanoparticles into the matrix of membrane filters can render composite structures capable of killing pathogenic viruses and bacteria. Such membranes incorporated with antiviral and antibacterial nanoparticles have a great potential for being applied in various application scenarios. Therefore, in this perspective article, we attempt to explore the fundamental mechanisms and recent progress of designing antiviral membrane filters, challenges to be addressed, and outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yesol Kang
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea; (Y.K.); (J.J.); (I.S.K.)
| | - Jaewon Jang
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea; (Y.K.); (J.J.); (I.S.K.)
| | - Hobin Jee
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong-si 53064, Korea;
| | - Yong-Gu Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Korea;
| | - In S. Kim
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea; (Y.K.); (J.J.); (I.S.K.)
| | - Euntae Yang
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong-si 53064, Korea;
- Correspondence:
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23
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Chuong C, DuChane CM, Webb EM, Rai P, Marano JM, Bernier CM, Merola JS, Weger-Lucarelli J. Noble Metal Organometallic Complexes Display Antiviral Activity against SARS-CoV-2. Viruses 2021; 13:v13060980. [PMID: 34070524 PMCID: PMC8227008 DOI: 10.3390/v13060980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 emerged in 2019 as a devastating viral pathogen with no available preventative or treatment to control what led to the current global pandemic. The continued spread of the virus and increasing death toll necessitate the development of effective antiviral treatments to combat this virus. To this end, we evaluated a new class of organometallic complexes as potential antivirals. Our findings demonstrate that two pentamethylcyclopentadienyl (Cp*) rhodium piano stool complexes, Cp*Rh(1,3-dicyclohexylimidazol-2-ylidene)Cl2 (complex 2) and Cp*Rh(dipivaloylmethanato)Cl (complex 4), have direct virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2. Subsequent in vitro testing suggests that complex 4 is the more stable and effective complex and demonstrates that both 2 and 4 have low toxicity in Vero E6 and Calu-3 cells. The results presented here highlight the potential application of organometallic complexes as antivirals and support further investigation into their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Chuong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (C.C.); (P.R.)
| | - Christine M. DuChane
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (C.M.D.); (C.M.B.)
| | - Emily M. Webb
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
| | - Pallavi Rai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (C.C.); (P.R.)
| | - Jeffrey M. Marano
- Department of Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
| | - Chad M. Bernier
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (C.M.D.); (C.M.B.)
| | - Joseph S. Merola
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (C.M.D.); (C.M.B.)
- Correspondence: (J.S.M.); (J.W.-L.)
| | - James Weger-Lucarelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (C.C.); (P.R.)
- Correspondence: (J.S.M.); (J.W.-L.)
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24
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Schütz D, Conzelmann C, Fois G, Groß R, Weil T, Wettstein L, Stenger S, Zelikin A, Hoffmann TK, Frick M, Müller JA, Münch J. Carrageenan-containing over-the-counter nasal and oral sprays inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection of airway epithelial cultures. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 320:L750-L756. [PMID: 33561380 PMCID: PMC8384564 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00552.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical interventions are urgently needed to prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and transmission. As SARS-CoV-2 infects and spreads via the nasopharyngeal airways, we analyzed the antiviral effect of selected nasal and oral sprays on virus infection in vitro. Two nose sprays showed virucidal activity but were cytotoxic precluding further analysis in cell culture. One nasal and one mouth spray suppressed SARS-CoV-2 infection of TMPRSS2-expressing Vero E6 cells and primary differentiated human airway epithelial cultures. The antiviral activity in both sprays could be attributed to polyanionic ι- and κ-carrageenans. Thus, application of carrageenan-containing nasal and mouth sprays may reduce the risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection and may limit viral spread, warranting further clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree Schütz
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Carina Conzelmann
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Giorgio Fois
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Groß
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tatjana Weil
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lukas Wettstein
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Steffen Stenger
- Institute for Microbiology and Hygiene, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Zelikin
- Department of Chemistry and iNano Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas K Hoffmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Manfred Frick
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Janis A Müller
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Münch
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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25
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Abstract
Although the recent advent of a vaccine and other therapeutic aids in our fight against COVID-19 has brought us a step closer to controlling the pandemic, our fight is far from over. Handwashing, masks, and social distancing practices are considered reasonable measures to control the spread of the disease have been well accepted by government officials and public health officials despite scarce and conflicting scientific evidence. Taking into consideration the aforementioned measures, there is an additional perhaps overlooked practice that warrants our attention-nasal disinfection and hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Ferrer
- Research & Development, Aventura Pulmonary Institute, Miami, FL, USA
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26
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Andreu S, Ripa I, Bello-Morales R, López-Guerrero JA. Nebulized CLODOS Technology Shows Clear Virucidal Properties against the Human Coronavirus HCoV-229E at Non-Cytotoxic Doses. Viruses 2021; 13:v13030531. [PMID: 33807081 PMCID: PMC8005127 DOI: 10.3390/v13030531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergent human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and its high infectivity rate has highlighted the strong need for new disinfection systems. Evidence has proven that airborne transmission is an important route of spreading for this virus. Therefore, this short communication introduces CLODOS Technology®, a novel strategy to disinfect contaminated surfaces. It is a product based on stable and 99% pure chlorine dioxide, already certified as a bactericide, fungicide and virucide against different pathogens. In this study, CLODOS Technology®, by direct contact or thermonebulization, showed virucidal activity against the human coronavirus HCoV-229E at non-cytotoxic doses. Different conditions such as nebulization, exposure time and product concentration have been tested to standardize and optimize this new feasible method for disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Andreu
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (I.R.); (R.B.-M.); (J.A.L.-G.)
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Spanish National Research Council—Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Inés Ripa
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (I.R.); (R.B.-M.); (J.A.L.-G.)
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Spanish National Research Council—Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Bello-Morales
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (I.R.); (R.B.-M.); (J.A.L.-G.)
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Spanish National Research Council—Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio López-Guerrero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (I.R.); (R.B.-M.); (J.A.L.-G.)
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Spanish National Research Council—Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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27
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El-Bendary MA, Abdelraof M, Moharam ME, Elmahdy EM, Allam MA. Potential of silver nanoparticles synthesized using low active mosquitocidal Lysinibacillus sphaericus as novel antimicrobial agents. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 51:926-935. [PMID: 33529084 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.1875236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using extracellular filtrates of some Lysinibacillus sphaericus (Ls) strains under simple conditions. Ls synthesized AgNPs showed the optical absorption peaks at 388-412 nm as detected by UV-visible spectrophotometer. Transmission electron micrographs of bacterial synthesized AgNPs revealed that they were polycrystalline with spherical, hexagonal, cuboidal, rod and irregular shapes. The average diameter of the tested AgNPs were ranged from 14-21 nm and they were negatively charged as detected by DLS (-18.2 to -28.9). FTIR spectra showed the presence of nitrogenous biomolecules capping the synthesized AgNPs. The filtrates of tested Ls strains showed nitrate reductase activity (1.45-2.56 µmol/ml/min). Tested AgNPs showed bactericidal activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, fungicidal activity against yeast and filamentous fungi, and virucidal activity against rotavirus. In addition, it showed synergistic antimicrobial effect to cephradine and nizoarm against all tested microorganisms. Cytotoxicity test revealed the safety of the tested nanoparticles at tested concentrations.Finally, Ls strains represent microbial sources for ecofriendly, simple and economic biosynthesis of antimicrobial AgNPs. Also, this research may contribute to the medicinal chemistry and pharmaceutical industry for the development of new products used for the public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda A El-Bendary
- Microbial Chemistry Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelraof
- Microbial Chemistry Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maysa E Moharam
- Microbial Chemistry Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Elmahdy M Elmahdy
- Water Pollution Research Department, Environmental Research Division, Environmental Virology Lab, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mousa A Allam
- Spectroscopy Department, Physics Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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28
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Kocabiyik O, Cagno V, Silva PJ, Zhu Y, Sedano L, Bhide Y, Mettier J, Medaglia C, Da Costa B, Constant S, Huang S, Kaiser L, Hinrichs WLJ, Huckriede A, Le Goffic R, Tapparel C, Stellacci F. Non-Toxic Virucidal Macromolecules Show High Efficacy Against Influenza Virus Ex Vivo and In Vivo. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:2001012. [PMID: 33552848 PMCID: PMC7856883 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Influenza is one of the most widespread viral infections worldwide and represents a major public health problem. The risk that one of the next pandemics is caused by an influenza strain is high. It is important to develop broad-spectrum influenza antivirals to be ready for any possible vaccine shortcomings. Anti-influenza drugs are available but they are far from ideal. Arguably, an ideal antiviral should target conserved viral domains and be virucidal, that is, irreversibly inhibit viral infectivity. Here, a new class of broad-spectrum anti-influenza macromolecules is described that meets these criteria and display exceedingly low toxicity. These compounds are based on a cyclodextrin core modified on its primary face with long hydrophobic linkers terminated either in 6'sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine (6'SLN) or in 3'SLN. SLN enables nanomolar inhibition of the viruses while the hydrophobic linkers confer irreversibility to the inhibition. The combination of these two properties allows for efficacy in vitro against several human or avian influenza strains, as well as against a 2009 pandemic influenza strain ex vivo. Importantly, it is shown that, in mice, one of the compounds provides therapeutic efficacy when administered 24 h post-infection allowing 90% survival as opposed to no survival for the placebo and oseltamivir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgun Kocabiyik
- Insitute of MaterialsÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneStation 12Lausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Valeria Cagno
- Insitute of MaterialsÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneStation 12Lausanne1015Switzerland
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular MedicineUniversity of GenevaRue Michel Servet 1Geneva1205Switzerland
| | - Paulo Jacob Silva
- Insitute of MaterialsÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneStation 12Lausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Yong Zhu
- Insitute of MaterialsÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneStation 12Lausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Laura Sedano
- Virologie et Immunologie MoleculaireInstitut National Recherche AgronomiqueUniversité Paris‐SaclayJouy en Josas78350France
| | - Yoshita Bhide
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and BiopharmacyUniversity of GroningenGroningen9713GZThe Netherlands
- University Medical Center GroningenDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention (internal postcode EB88)University of GroningenHanzeplein 1Groningen9713GZThe Netherlands
| | - Joelle Mettier
- Virologie et Immunologie MoleculaireInstitut National Recherche AgronomiqueUniversité Paris‐SaclayJouy en Josas78350France
| | - Chiara Medaglia
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular MedicineUniversity of GenevaRue Michel Servet 1Geneva1205Switzerland
| | - Bruno Da Costa
- Virologie et Immunologie MoleculaireInstitut National Recherche AgronomiqueUniversité Paris‐SaclayJouy en Josas78350France
| | | | - Song Huang
- Epithelix SasChemin des Aulx 18Geneva1228Switzerland
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Hopital Universitaire de GenèveRue Gabrielle Perret Gentil 4Geneva1205Switzerland
| | - Wouter L. J. Hinrichs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and BiopharmacyUniversity of GroningenGroningen9713GZThe Netherlands
| | - Anke Huckriede
- University Medical Center GroningenDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention (internal postcode EB88)University of GroningenHanzeplein 1Groningen9713GZThe Netherlands
| | - Ronan Le Goffic
- Virologie et Immunologie MoleculaireInstitut National Recherche AgronomiqueUniversité Paris‐SaclayJouy en Josas78350France
| | - Caroline Tapparel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular MedicineUniversity of GenevaRue Michel Servet 1Geneva1205Switzerland
| | - Francesco Stellacci
- Insitute of MaterialsÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneStation 12Lausanne1015Switzerland
- Bioengineering InstituteEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneStation 12Lausanne1015Switzerland
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29
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Parham S, Kharazi AZ, Bakhsheshi-Rad HR, Nur H, Ismail AF, Sharif S, RamaKrishna S, Berto F. Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Antiviral Properties of Herbal Materials. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9. [PMID: 33371338 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, increasing public concern about hygiene has been driving many studies to investigate antimicrobial and antiviral agents. However, the use of any antimicrobial agents must be limited due to their possible toxic or harmful effects. In recent years, due to previous antibiotics' lesser side effects, the use of herbal materials instead of synthetic or chemical drugs is increasing. Herbal materials are found in medicines. Herbs can be used in the form of plant extracts or as their active components. Furthermore, most of the world's populations used herbal materials due to their strong antimicrobial properties and primary healthcare benefits. For example, herbs are an excellent material to replace nanosilver as an antibiotic and antiviral agent. The use of nanosilver involves an ROS-mediated mechanism that might lead to oxidative stress-related cancer, cytotoxicity, and heart diseases. Oxidative stress further leads to increased ROS production and also delays the cellular processes involved in wound healing. Therefore, existing antibiotic drugs can be replaced with biomaterials such as herbal medicine with high antimicrobial, antiviral, and antioxidant activity. This review paper highlights the antibacterial, antiviral, and radical scavenger (antioxidant) properties of herbal materials. Antimicrobial activity, radical scavenger ability, the potential for antimicrobial, antiviral, and anticancer agents, and efficacy in eliminating bacteria and viruses and scavenging free radicals in herbal materials are discussed in this review. The presented herbal antimicrobial agents in this review include clove, portulaca, tribulus, eryngium, cinnamon, turmeric, ginger, thyme, pennyroyal, mint, fennel, chamomile, burdock, eucalyptus, primrose, lemon balm, mallow, and garlic, which are all summarized.
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30
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Sabino CP, Ball AR, Baptista MS, Dai T, Hamblin MR, Ribeiro MS, Santos AL, Sellera FP, Tegos GP, Wainwright M. Light-based technologies for management of COVID-19 pandemic crisis. J Photochem Photobiol B 2020; 212:111999. [PMID: 32855026 PMCID: PMC7435279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The global dissemination of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has accelerated the need for the implementation of effective antimicrobial strategies to target the causative agent SARS-CoV-2. Light-based technologies have a demonstrable broad range of activity over standard chemotherapeutic antimicrobials and conventional disinfectants, negligible emergence of resistance, and the capability to modulate the host immune response. This perspective article identifies the benefits, challenges, and pitfalls of repurposing light-based strategies to combat the emergence of COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caetano P Sabino
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil; BioLambda, Scientific and Commercial LTD, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Anthony R Ball
- GAMA Therapeutics LLC, Massachusetts Biomedical Initiatives, Worcester, USA
| | - Mauricio S Baptista
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil..
| | - Tianhong Dai
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Martha S Ribeiro
- Center for Lasers and Applications, Nuclear, and Energy Research Institute, National Commission for Nuclear Energy, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana L Santos
- GAMA Therapeutics LLC, Massachusetts Biomedical Initiatives, Worcester, USA; Department of Chemistry Rice University, Houston, TX, USA; IdISBA - Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares, Palma, Spain
| | - Fábio P Sellera
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; School of Veterinary Medicine, Metropolitan University of Santos, Santos, Brazil
| | - George P Tegos
- GAMA Therapeutics LLC, Massachusetts Biomedical Initiatives, Worcester, USA; Micromoria LLC, Marlborough, USA
| | - Mark Wainwright
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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31
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van Bockel D, Munier CML, Turville S, Badman SG, Walker G, Stella AO, Aggarwal A, Yeang M, Condylios A, Kelleher AD, Applegate TL, Vallely A, Whiley D, Rawlinson W, Cunningham P, Kaldor J, Guy R. Evaluation of Commercially Available Viral Transport Medium (VTM) for SARS-CoV-2 Inactivation and Use in Point-of-Care (POC) Testing. Viruses 2020; 12:E1208. [PMID: 33114233 PMCID: PMC7690900 DOI: 10.3390/v12111208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Critical to facilitating SARS-CoV-2 point-of-care (POC) testing is assurance that viruses present in specimens are inactivated onsite prior to processing. Here, we conducted experiments to determine the virucidal activity of commercially available Viral Transport Mediums (VTMs) to inactivate SARS-CoV-2. Independent testing methods for viral inactivation testing were applied, including a previously described World Health Organization (WHO) protocol, in addition to a buffer exchange method where the virus is physically separated from the VTM post exposure. The latter method enables sensitive detection of viral viability at higher viral titre when incubated with VTM. We demonstrate that VTM formulations, Primestore® Molecular Transport Medium (MTM) and COPAN eNAT™ completely inactivate high-titre SARS-CoV-2 virus (>1 × 107 copies/mL) and are compatible with POC processing. Furthermore, full viral inactivation was rapidly achieved in as little as 2 min of VTM exposure. We conclude that adding certain VTM formulations as a first step post specimen collection will render SARS-CoV-2 non-infectious for transport, or for further in-field POC molecular testing using rapid turnaround GeneXpert platforms or equivalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- David van Bockel
- Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, UNSW Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; (C.M.L.M.); (S.T.); (S.G.B.); (A.O.S.); (A.A.); (A.D.K.); (T.L.A.); (A.V.); (J.K.); (R.G.)
| | - C. Mee Ling Munier
- Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, UNSW Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; (C.M.L.M.); (S.T.); (S.G.B.); (A.O.S.); (A.A.); (A.D.K.); (T.L.A.); (A.V.); (J.K.); (R.G.)
| | - Stuart Turville
- Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, UNSW Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; (C.M.L.M.); (S.T.); (S.G.B.); (A.O.S.); (A.A.); (A.D.K.); (T.L.A.); (A.V.); (J.K.); (R.G.)
| | - Steven G. Badman
- Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, UNSW Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; (C.M.L.M.); (S.T.); (S.G.B.); (A.O.S.); (A.A.); (A.D.K.); (T.L.A.); (A.V.); (J.K.); (R.G.)
| | - Gregory Walker
- NSW Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2052, Australia; (G.W.); (M.Y.); (A.C.); (W.R.)
| | - Alberto Ospina Stella
- Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, UNSW Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; (C.M.L.M.); (S.T.); (S.G.B.); (A.O.S.); (A.A.); (A.D.K.); (T.L.A.); (A.V.); (J.K.); (R.G.)
| | - Anupriya Aggarwal
- Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, UNSW Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; (C.M.L.M.); (S.T.); (S.G.B.); (A.O.S.); (A.A.); (A.D.K.); (T.L.A.); (A.V.); (J.K.); (R.G.)
| | - Malinna Yeang
- NSW Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2052, Australia; (G.W.); (M.Y.); (A.C.); (W.R.)
| | - Anna Condylios
- NSW Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2052, Australia; (G.W.); (M.Y.); (A.C.); (W.R.)
| | - Anthony D. Kelleher
- Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, UNSW Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; (C.M.L.M.); (S.T.); (S.G.B.); (A.O.S.); (A.A.); (A.D.K.); (T.L.A.); (A.V.); (J.K.); (R.G.)
| | - Tanya L. Applegate
- Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, UNSW Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; (C.M.L.M.); (S.T.); (S.G.B.); (A.O.S.); (A.A.); (A.D.K.); (T.L.A.); (A.V.); (J.K.); (R.G.)
| | - Andrew Vallely
- Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, UNSW Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; (C.M.L.M.); (S.T.); (S.G.B.); (A.O.S.); (A.A.); (A.D.K.); (T.L.A.); (A.V.); (J.K.); (R.G.)
| | - David Whiley
- NSW State Reference Laboratory for HIV-AIDS/St Vincent’s Hospital Sydney, St Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent’s Hospital Sydney Limited, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia;
- Australia Pathology Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - William Rawlinson
- NSW Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2052, Australia; (G.W.); (M.Y.); (A.C.); (W.R.)
| | - Phillip Cunningham
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital Campus, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia;
| | - John Kaldor
- Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, UNSW Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; (C.M.L.M.); (S.T.); (S.G.B.); (A.O.S.); (A.A.); (A.D.K.); (T.L.A.); (A.V.); (J.K.); (R.G.)
| | - Rebecca Guy
- Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, UNSW Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; (C.M.L.M.); (S.T.); (S.G.B.); (A.O.S.); (A.A.); (A.D.K.); (T.L.A.); (A.V.); (J.K.); (R.G.)
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Westover JB, Ferrer G, Vazquez H, Bethencourt-Mirabal A, Go CC. In Vitro Virucidal Effect of Intranasally Delivered Chlorpheniramine Maleate Compound Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. Cureus 2020; 12:e10501. [PMID: 32963923 PMCID: PMC7500730 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The initial global outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) pandemic, which is responsible for the severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), shares similarities with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and behaves similarly to influenza with a high intranasal viral load. The genome sequence of COVID-19 opened the opportunity for multiple in vitro and clinical trials, but we still do not have a clear path to treatment. Chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) is a safe and effective antihistamine with potent antiviral activity against various strains of influenza A/B, thus suggesting that CPM has broad antiviral activity. We tested the virucidal potential of CPM in a nasal spray composition currently in development as an anti-allergy medication. Methods The virucidal activity of CPM was tested using viral stock of SARS-CoV-2, USA-WA1/2020 strain in Vero 76 infected cells. The endpoint titer 50% cell culture infection dose (CCID50) values were calculated using the Reed-Muench (1948) equation. Three independent replicates of each sample were tested, and the average and standard deviation were calculated. Results were compared with untreated controls using one-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) with Dunnett's multiple comparison test in GraphPad Prism (version 8) software. Results After 25 minutes of contact time, the nasal spray reduced the levels of the virus from 4.2 to 1.7 log10 CCID50 per 0.1 mL, a statistically significant 2.5 log reduction value or 99.7% reduction in the viral load. Conclusions This study demonstrates the strong virucidal effect against SARS-CoV-2 of a nasal spray containing CPM. Given that CPM has broad antiviral effects against influenza and virucidal effect against SARS-CoV-2, we propose two further studies: a randomized placebo-controlled study of intranasally delivered chlorpheniramine in patients with mild-to-moderate SARS-CoV-2 and a second study aiming to determine the potential antiviral and adjuvant effects of CPM plus hydroxychloroquine, versus hydroxychloroquine alone, in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonna B Westover
- Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Utah, USA
| | - Gustavo Ferrer
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Pulmonary Institute, Aventura, USA
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Hector Vazquez
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Pulmonary Institute, Aventura, USA
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, USA
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Reina G, Peng S, Jacquemin L, Andrade AF, Bianco A. Hard Nanomaterials in Time of Viral Pandemics. ACS Nano 2020; 14:9364-9388. [PMID: 32667191 PMCID: PMC7376974 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-Cov-2 pandemic has spread worldwide during 2020, setting up an uncertain start of this decade. The measures to contain infection taken by many governments have been extremely severe by imposing home lockdown and industrial production shutdown, making this the biggest crisis since the second world war. Additionally, the continuous colonization of wild natural lands may touch unknown virus reservoirs, causing the spread of epidemics. Apart from SARS-Cov-2, the recent history has seen the spread of several viral pandemics such as H2N2 and H3N3 flu, HIV, and SARS, while MERS and Ebola viruses are considered still in a prepandemic phase. Hard nanomaterials (HNMs) have been recently used as antimicrobial agents, potentially being next-generation drugs to fight viral infections. HNMs can block infection at early (disinfection, entrance inhibition) and middle (inside the host cells) stages and are also able to mitigate the immune response. This review is focused on the application of HNMs as antiviral agents. In particular, mechanisms of actions, biological outputs, and limitations for each HNM will be systematically presented and analyzed from a material chemistry point-of-view. The antiviral activity will be discussed in the context of the different pandemic viruses. We acknowledge that HNM antiviral research is still at its early stage, however, we believe that this field will rapidly blossom in the next period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Reina
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572,
University of Strasbourg ISIS, 67000 Strasbourg,
France
| | - Shiyuan Peng
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572,
University of Strasbourg ISIS, 67000 Strasbourg,
France
| | - Lucas Jacquemin
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572,
University of Strasbourg ISIS, 67000 Strasbourg,
France
| | - Andrés Felipe Andrade
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572,
University of Strasbourg ISIS, 67000 Strasbourg,
France
| | - Alberto Bianco
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572,
University of Strasbourg ISIS, 67000 Strasbourg,
France
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Behzadinasab S, Chin A, Hosseini M, Poon L, Ducker W. A Surface Coating that Rapidly Inactivates SARS-CoV-2. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:34723-34727. [PMID: 32657566 PMCID: PMC7385996 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes the disease COVID-19, remains viable on solids for periods of up to 1 week, so one potential route for human infection is via exposure to an infectious dose from a solid. We have fabricated and tested a coating that is designed to reduce the longevity of SARS-CoV-2 on solids. The coating consists of cuprous oxide (Cu2O) particles bound with polyurethane. After 1 h on coated glass or stainless steel, the viral titer was reduced by about 99.9% on average compared to the uncoated sample. An advantage of a polyurethane-based coating is that polyurethane is already used to coat a large number of everyday objects. Our coating adheres well to glass and stainless steel as well as everyday items that people may fear to touch during a pandemic, such as a doorknob, a pen, and a credit card keypad button. The coating performs well in the cross-hatch durability test and remains intact and active after 13 days of being immersed in water or after exposure to multiple cycles of exposure to the virus and disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Behzadinasab
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Alex Chin
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Mohsen Hosseini
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Leo Poon
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - William Ducker
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, VA, 24061, USA
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Lin Q, Lim JYC, Xue K, Yew PYM, Owh C, Chee PL, Loh XJ. Sanitizing agents for virus inactivation and disinfection. View (Beijing) 2020; 1:e16. [PMID: 34766164 PMCID: PMC7267133 DOI: 10.1002/viw2.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral epidemics develop from the emergence of new variants of infectious viruses. The lack of effective antiviral treatments for the new viral infections coupled with rapid community spread of the infection often result in major human and financial loss. Viral transmissions can occur via close human-to-human contact or via contacting a contaminated surface. Thus, careful disinfection or sanitization is essential to curtail viral spread. A myriad of disinfectants/sanitizing agents/biocidal agents are available that can inactivate viruses, but their effectiveness is dependent upon many factors such as concentration of agent, reaction time, temperature, and organic load. In this work, we review common commercially available disinfectants agents available on the market and evaluate their effectiveness under various application conditions. In addition, this work also seeks to debunk common myths about viral inactivation and highlight new exciting advances in the development of potential sanitizing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Lin
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Jason Y. C. Lim
- Soft Materials DepartmentInstitution of Materials Research and EngineeringAgency for ScienceTechnology and Research (A*STAR)InnovisSingapore
| | - Kun Xue
- Soft Materials DepartmentInstitution of Materials Research and EngineeringAgency for ScienceTechnology and Research (A*STAR)InnovisSingapore
| | - Pek Yin Michelle Yew
- Soft Materials DepartmentInstitution of Materials Research and EngineeringAgency for ScienceTechnology and Research (A*STAR)InnovisSingapore
| | - Cally Owh
- Soft Materials DepartmentInstitution of Materials Research and EngineeringAgency for ScienceTechnology and Research (A*STAR)InnovisSingapore
| | - Pei Lin Chee
- Soft Materials DepartmentInstitution of Materials Research and EngineeringAgency for ScienceTechnology and Research (A*STAR)InnovisSingapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Soft Materials DepartmentInstitution of Materials Research and EngineeringAgency for ScienceTechnology and Research (A*STAR)InnovisSingapore
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Tsai YC, Lee CL, Yen HR, Chang YS, Lin YP, Huang SH, Lin CW. Antiviral Action of Tryptanthrin Isolated from Strobilanthes cusia Leaf against Human Coronavirus NL63. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E366. [PMID: 32120929 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Strobilanthes cusia (Nees) Kuntze is a Chinese herbal medicine used in the treatment of respiratory virus infections. The methanol extract of S. cusia leaf contains chemical components such as β-sitosterol, indirubin, tryptanthrin, betulin, indigodole A, and indigodole B that have diverse biological activities. However, the antiviral action of S. cusia leaf and its components against human coronavirus remains to be elucidated. Human coronavirus NL63 infection is frequent among immunocompromised individuals, young children, and in the elderly. This study investigated the anti-Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) activity of the methanol extract of S. cusia leaf and its major components. The methanol extract of S. cusia leaf effectively inhibited the cytopathic effect (CPE) and virus yield (IC50 = 0.64 μg/mL) in HCoV-NL63-infected cells. Moreover, this extract potently inhibited the HCoV-NL63 infection in a concentration-dependent manner. Among the six components identified in the methanol extract of S. cusia leaf, tryptanthrin and indigodole B (5aR-ethyltryptanthrin) exhibited potent antiviral activity in reducing the CPE and progeny virus production. The IC50 values against virus yield were 1.52 μM and 2.60 μM for tryptanthrin and indigodole B, respectively. Different modes of time-of-addition/removal assay indicated that tryptanthrin prevented the early and late stages of HCoV-NL63 replication, particularly by blocking viral RNA genome synthesis and papain-like protease 2 activity. Notably, tryptanthrin (IC50 = 0.06 μM) and indigodole B (IC50 = 2.09 μM) exhibited strong virucidal activity as well. This study identified tryptanthrin as the key active component of S. cusia leaf methanol extract that acted against HCoV-NL63 in a cell-type independent manner. The results specify that tryptanthrin possesses antiviral potential against HCoV-NL63 infection.
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Ruenphet S, Paditporn K, Punyadarsaniya D, Jantafong T, Takehara K. Bactericidal and virucidal efficacies of food additive grade calcium hydroxide under various concentrations, organic material conditions, exposure duration, and its stability. Vet World 2019; 12:1383-1389. [PMID: 31749571 PMCID: PMC6813621 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.1383-1389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the bactericidal and virucidal activity of food additive grade calcium hydroxide (FdCa(OH)2) under various concentrations, organic material conditions, and exposure duration including its stability. Materials and Methods: The FdCa(OH)2 powder as well as the 0.17% and 3% solutions were evaluated for bacteria and virus inactivating efficacies against Salmonella infantis (SI), Escherichia coli, Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and avian influenza virus (AIV), in the absence or presence of organic materials. In addition, the stability of FdCa(OH)2, was also examined using wet-dry conditions and under sunlight. Results: The FdCa(OH)2 powder could inactivate both NDV and AIV in the absence and presence of organic materials within a 3 min exposure period. The bactericidal efficacy using solution form revealed that 0.17% and 3% of FdCa(OH)2 could inactivate SI in the absence and presence of organic materials within 3 min of exposure. However, 3% of FdCa(OH)2 inactivated E. coli both with and without organic materials within 3min, while 0.17% required 5 min to be efficacious. The virucidal efficacy also showed that 0.17% FdCa(OH)2 could inactivate NDV in the absence and presence of organic materials within 10 min and 30 min, respectively. However, AIV inactivation was achieved within 30 sec under all conditions. In addition, under wet and dry conditions, FdCa(OH)2 powder demonstrated high efficacy when re-suspended at least 16 times for NDV and 7 times for AIV. Simultaneously, the FdCa(OH)2 powder retained its efficacy under the sunlight during up to 4 months for NDV and at least 6 months for AIV. Conclusion: The present study indicates that FdCa(OH)2 powder and solutions could inactivate SI, E. coli, NDV, and AIV while retaining good stability under challenging environmental conditions. Finally, the FdCa(OH)2 is safe for consumers because it is of food additive grade and can be useful as an alternative disinfectant, especially for biosecurity enhancement on and around poultry farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakchai Ruenphet
- Department of Immunology and Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kornkamon Paditporn
- Department of Immunology and Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Darsaniya Punyadarsaniya
- Department of Immunology and Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tippawan Jantafong
- Department of Immunology and Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kazuaki Takehara
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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Morán-Santibañez K, Peña-Hernández MA, Cruz-Suárez LE, Ricque-Marie D, Skouta R, Vasquez AH, Rodríguez-Padilla C, Trejo-Avila LM. Virucidal and Synergistic Activity of Polyphenol-Rich Extracts of Seaweeds against Measles Virus. Viruses 2018; 10:v10090465. [PMID: 30200234 PMCID: PMC6164608 DOI: 10.3390/v10090465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although preventable by vaccination, Measles still causes thousands of deaths among young children worldwide. The discovery of new antivirals is a good approach to control new outbreaks that cause such death. In this study, we tested the antiviral activity against Measles virus (MeV) of Polyphenol-rich extracts (PPs) coming from five seaweeds collected and cultivated in Mexico. An MTT assay was performed to determine cytotoxicity effect, and antiviral activity was measured by syncytia reduction assay and confirmed by qPCR. PPs from Ecklonia arborea (formerly Eisenia arborea, Phaeophyceae) and Solieria filiformis (Rhodophyta) showed the highest Selectivity Index (SI), >3750 and >576.9 respectively. Both PPs extracts were selected to the subsequent experiments owing to their high efficacy and low cytotoxicity compared with ribavirin (SI of 11.57). The combinational effect of PPs with sulphated polysaccharides (SPs) and ribavirin were calculated by using Compusyn software. Synergistic activity was observed by combining both PPs with low concentrations of Solieria filiformis SPs (0.01 µg/mL). The antiviral activity of the best combinations was confirmed by qPCR. Virucidal assay, time of addition, and viral penetration evaluations suggested that PPs act mainly by inactivating the viral particle. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the virucidal effect of Polyphenol-rich extracts of seaweeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Morán-Santibañez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 66455 San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
| | - Mario A Peña-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 66455 San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico.
| | - Lucia Elizabeth Cruz-Suárez
- Programa Maricultura, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 66455 San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico.
| | - Denis Ricque-Marie
- Programa Maricultura, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 66455 San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico.
| | - Rachid Skouta
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Abimael H Vasquez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 66455 San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico.
| | - Laura M Trejo-Avila
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 66455 San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico.
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Jantafong T, Ruenphet S, Punyadarsaniya D, Takehara K. The study of effect of didecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide on bacterial and viral decontamination for biosecurity in the animal farm. Vet World 2018; 11:706-711. [PMID: 29915512 PMCID: PMC5993774 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.706-711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the fourth-generation quaternary ammonium compounds, didecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide (DDAB), on the efficacy of bacterial and viral decontamination against pathogens commonly found in livestock industry including Salmonella infantis (SI), Escherichia coli, and avian influenza virus (AIV). Materials and Methods: The DDAB was prepared at 500, 250, and 125 parts per million (ppm) for absent and present organic material. Meanwhile, 5% of fetal bovine serum in DDAB solution sample was used to mimic the presence of organic material contamination. 400 µl of each DDAB concentration was mixed with 100 µl of each pathogen (SI, E. coli, and AIV) and then incubated at room temperature or 4°C at various time points (5 s, 30 s, 1 min, 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, and 30 min). The activity of DDAB treatment was stopped using 500 µl of FBS. Each treatment sample was titrated on either deoxycholate hydrogen sulfide lactose agar plates or Madin-Darby canine kidney cells for bacteria and AIV, respectively. Each treatment was conducted in triplicates, and the pathogen inactivation was considered effective when the reduction factor was ≥3 log10. Results: Our current study revealed that the DDAB inactivated SI, E. coli, and AIV under the various concentrations of DDAB, organic material conditions, exposure temperature, and exposure timing. In addition, the comparison of bactericidal and virucidal efficacy indicated that bacteria were more susceptible to be inactivated by DDAB as compared to viruses. However, DDAB showed marked inactivated differences in the absence or presence of organic materials. Conclusions: The DDAB may be a potential disinfectant for inactivating bacteria and viruses, especially enveloped viruses, in livestock farms. It can be useful as a disinfectant for biosecurity enhancement on and around animal farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tippawan Jantafong
- Department of Immunology and Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sakchai Ruenphet
- Department of Immunology and Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Darsaniya Punyadarsaniya
- Department of Immunology and Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kazuaki Takehara
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan
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Marcocci ME, Amatore D, Villa S, Casciaro B, Aimola P, Franci G, Grieco P, Galdiero M, Palamara AT, Mangoni ML, Nencioni L. The Amphibian Antimicrobial Peptide Temporin B Inhibits In Vitro Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:e02367-17. [PMID: 29483113 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.02367-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is widespread in the population, and in most cases its infection is asymptomatic. The currently available anti-HSV-1 drugs are acyclovir and its derivatives, although long-term therapy with these agents can lead to drug resistance. Thus, the discovery of novel antiherpetic compounds deserves additional effort. Naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent an interesting class of molecules with potential antiviral properties. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first demonstration of the in vitro anti-HSV-1 activity of temporin B (TB), a short membrane-active amphibian AMP. In particular, when HSV-1 was preincubated with 20 μg/ml TB, significant antiviral activity was observed (a 5-log reduction of the virus titer). Such an effect was due to the disruption of the viral envelope, as demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, TB partially affected different stages of the HSV-1 life cycle, including the attachment and the entry of the virus into the host cell, as well as the subsequent postinfection phase. Furthermore, its efficacy was confirmed on human epithelial cells, suggesting TB as a novel approach for the prevention and/or treatment of HSV-1 infections.
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SONTHIPET S, RUENPHET S, TAKEHARA K. Bactericidal and virucidal efficacies of potassium monopersulfate and its application for inactivating avian influenza virus on virus-spiked clothes. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:568-573. [PMID: 29434116 PMCID: PMC5938180 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An acidic agent, potassium monopersulfate (PMPS), was evaluated for bactericidal and virucidal effects against Salmonella Infantis (SI), Escherichia coli, rifampicin-resistant Salmonella Infantis (SI-rif), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and avian influenza virus (AIV), in the absence or presence of organic materials. In addition, inactivation activity toward a virus on virus-spiked clothes was also examined. PMPS could inactivate SI, E. coli, and SI-rif even in the presence of organic materials under various concentrations and exposure/contact time conditions. PMPS could also inactivate NDV and AIV. In addition, PMPS could inactivate AIV on a virus-spiked rayon sheet. In conclusion, the present study showed that PMPS has good antimicrobial properties against SI, E. coli, SI-rif, NDV, and AIV when used at the optimal dosage and exposure timing. These results suggest that PMPS could be used as an alternative disinfectant for biosecurity enhancement in animal farms or hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorawot SONTHIPET
- Immunology and Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, 140 Cheum-Sampan Rd., Nong Chock, Bangkok
10530, Thailand
| | - Sakchai RUENPHET
- Immunology and Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, 140 Cheum-Sampan Rd., Nong Chock, Bangkok
10530, Thailand
| | - Kazuaki TAKEHARA
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary
Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8,
Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Widiyanti P, Prajogo B, Widodo A. EFFECT OF VARYING INCUBATION PERIODS ON CYTOTOXICITY AND VIRUCIDAL ACTIVITIES OF Justicia gendarussa Burm.f. LEAF EXTRACT ON HIV-INFECTED MOLT-4 CELLS. Afr J Infect Dis 2018; 12:133-139. [PMID: 29619444 PMCID: PMC5876775 DOI: 10.2101/ajid.12v1s.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Justicia gendarussa Burm.f. has an anti-HIV activity. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of incubation periods on the cytotoxicity and virucidal activities of the J. gendarussa leaves extract on MOLT-4 cells. Materials and Methods The cytotoxicity assay was evaluated by using the WST-1 test with incubation periods of 3 days and 5 days. The virucidal activity test was determined by measuring the inhibitory activities on the syncytium formation. Results The cytotoxicity assay showed the value of CC50 on MOLT-4 cell culture with the test material of 70% ethanol extract of J. gendarussa leaves as much as 3928.620 µg /mL and 3176.581 µg /mL (incubation day 3 and day 5, respectively); fractionated-70% ethanol extract = 81782.428 µg /mL and 12175.870 µg/mL; and water extract = 16372.689 µg/mL and 2946.117 µg/mL. The test results of the virucidal activities (inhibit ≥ 90% the formation of syncytium) of 70% ethanol extract of J. gendarussa leaves is at a concentration 250 µg/mL, 500 µg/mL and 1000 µg/mL (3-day incubation) and 250 µg/mL (5-day incubation); and fractionated-70% ethanol extract at a concentration 250 µg /mL, 500 µg/mL and 1000 µg/mL (3-day incubation) and 1000 µg/mL (5-day incubation). Conclusion 70% ethanol extract, fractionated-70% ethanol extract, and water extract of J. gendarussa leaves were relatively nontoxic toward MOLT-4 cells, and fractionated-70% ethanol extract had better potentials in virucidal activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prihartini Widiyanti
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Institute of Tropical Disease (ITD), Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Bambang Prajogo
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Agustinus Widodo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Tadulako University, Palu, Indonesia
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Vázquez-Calvo Á, Jiménez de Oya N, Martín-Acebes MA, Garcia-Moruno E, Saiz JC. Antiviral Properties of the Natural Polyphenols Delphinidin and Epigallocatechin Gallate against the Flaviviruses West Nile Virus, Zika Virus, and Dengue Virus. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1314. [PMID: 28744282 PMCID: PMC5504193 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Flavivirus genus contains important pathogens, such as West Nile virus (WNV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and Dengue virus (DENV), which are enveloped plus-strand RNA viruses transmitted by mosquitoes and constitute a worrisome threat to global human and animal health. Currently no licensed drugs against them are available, being, thus, still necessary the search for effective antiviral molecules. In this line, a novel antiviral approach (economical, simple to use, and environmental friendly) is the use of natural compounds. Consequently, we have tested the antiviral potential of different polyphenols present in plants and natural products, such as wine and tea, against WNV, ZIKV, and DENV. So that, we assayed the effect of a panel of structurally related polyphenols [delphinidin (D), cyanidin (Cy), catechin (C), epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin (EGC), and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)] on WNV infection, and found that D and EGCG inhibited more effectively the virus production. Further analysis with both compounds indicated that they mainly affected the attachment and entry steps of the virus life cycle. Moreover, D and EGCG showed a direct effect on WNV particles exerting a virucidal effect. We showed a similar inhibition of viral production of these compounds on WNV variants that differed on acidic pH requirements for viral fusion, indicating that their antiviral activity against WNV is produced by a virucidal effect rather than by an inhibition of pH-dependent viral fusion. Both polyphenols also reduced the infectivity of ZIKV and DENV. Therefore, D and EGCG impair the infectivity in cell culture of these three medically relevant flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Vázquez-Calvo
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y AlimentariaMadrid, Spain
| | - Nereida Jiménez de Oya
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y AlimentariaMadrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Martín-Acebes
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y AlimentariaMadrid, Spain
| | - Emilia Garcia-Moruno
- Centro di Ricerca Viticoltura Enologia (CREA-VE), Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia AgrariaAsti, Italy
| | - Juan-Carlos Saiz
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y AlimentariaMadrid, Spain
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Vilas Boas LCP, de Lima LMP, Migliolo L, Mendes GDS, de Jesus MG, Franco OL, Silva PA. Linear antimicrobial peptides with activity against herpes simplex virus 1 and Aichi virus. Biopolymers 2017; 108. [PMID: 27161201 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Viruses are the major cause of disease and mortality worldwide. Nowadays there are treatments based on antivirals or prophylaxis with vaccines. However, the rising number of reports of viral resistance to current antivirals and the emergence of new types of virus has concerned the scientific community. In this scenario, the search for alternative treatments has led scientists to the discovery of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) derived from many different sources. Since some of them have shown antiviral activities, here we challenged 10 synthetic peptides from different animal and plant sources against, herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), and Aichi virus. Among them, the highlight was Pa-MAP from the polar fish Pleuronectes americanus, which caused around 90% of inhibition of the HSV with a selectivity index of 5 and a virucidal mechanism of action. Moreover, LL-37 from human neutrophils showed 96% of inhibition against the Aichi virus, showing a selectivity index of 3.4. The other evaluated peptides did not show significant antiviral activity. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that Pa-MAP seems to be a reliable candidate for a possible alternative drug to treat HSV-1 infections. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 108: 1-6, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana Costa Pereira Vilas Boas
- Centro De Análises Proteômicas E Bioquímicas: Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Genômicas E Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica De Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Lídia Maria Pinto de Lima
- Centro De Análises Proteômicas E Bioquímicas: Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Genômicas E Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica De Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Ludovico Migliolo
- Centro De Análises Proteômicas E Bioquímicas: Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Genômicas E Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica De Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.,S-Inova Biotech, Pós-Graduação Em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Gabriele Dos Santos Mendes
- Centro De Análises Proteômicas E Bioquímicas: Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Genômicas E Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica De Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Maianne Gonçalves de Jesus
- Centro De Análises Proteômicas E Bioquímicas: Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Genômicas E Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica De Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- Centro De Análises Proteômicas E Bioquímicas: Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Genômicas E Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica De Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.,S-Inova Biotech, Pós-Graduação Em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Paula Andréia Silva
- Centro De Análises Proteômicas E Bioquímicas: Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Genômicas E Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica De Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
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Ryndock E, Robison R, Meyers C. Susceptibility of HPV16 and 18 to high level disinfectants indicated for semi-critical ultrasound probes. J Med Virol 2015; 88:1076-80. [PMID: 26519866 PMCID: PMC5063110 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound probes used in endocavitary procedures have been shown to be contaminated with high‐risk HPV after routine use and HPV is also known to be resistant to some high level disinfectants (HLDs). This study compared efficacy of two leading ultrasound probe HLD methods; liquid ortho‐phthalaldehyde (Cidex® OPA) and an automated device using sonicated hydrogen peroxide (trophon® EPR) against HPV16 and HPV18 in a hard‐surface carrier test. Native HPV16 and HPV18 virions were generated in organotypic epithelial raft cultures. Viral lysates were dried onto carriers with a 5% (v/v) protein soil. Efficacy tests were performed against the automated device at 35% and 31.5% H2O2 and 0.55% OPA in quadruplicate with matched input, neutralization, and cytotoxicity controls. Hypochlorite was included as a positive control. Infectivity was determined by the abundance (qRT‐PCR) of the spliced E1^E4 transcript in infected recipient cells. The automated HLD device showed excellent efficacy against HPV16 and HPV18 (>5 log10 reductions in infectivity) whereas OPA showed minimal efficacy (<0.6 log10 reductions). While HPV is highly resistant to OPA, sonicated hydrogen peroxide offers an effective disinfection solution for ultrasound probes. Disinfection methods that are effective against HPV should be adopted where possible. J. Med. Virol. 88:1076–1080, 2016. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Medical Virology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Ryndock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Richard Robison
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Craig Meyers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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Aldunate M, Tyssen D, Johnson A, Zakir T, Sonza S, Moench T, Cone R, Tachedjian G. Vaginal concentrations of lactic acid potently inactivate HIV. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013; 68:2015-25. [PMID: 23657804 PMCID: PMC3743514 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkt156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES When Lactobacillus spp. dominate the vaginal microbiota of women of reproductive age they acidify the vagina to pH <4.0 by producing ∼1% lactic acid in a nearly racemic mixture of d- and l-isomers. We determined the HIV virucidal activity of racemic lactic acid, and its d- and l-isomers, compared with acetic acid and acidity alone (by the addition of HCl). METHODS HIV-1 and HIV-2 were transiently treated with acids in the absence or presence of human genital secretions at 37°C for different time intervals, then immediately neutralized and residual infectivity determined in the TZM-bl reporter cell line. RESULTS l-lactic acid at 0.3% (w/w) was 17-fold more potent than d-lactic acid in inactivating HIVBa-L. Complete inactivation of different HIV-1 subtypes and HIV-2 was achieved with ≥0.4% (w/w) l-lactic acid. At a typical vaginal pH of 3.8, l-lactic acid at 1% (w/w) more potently and rapidly inactivated HIVBa-L and HIV-1 transmitter/founder strains compared with 1% (w/w) acetic acid and with acidity alone, all adjusted to pH 3.8. A final concentration of 1% (w/w) l-lactic acid maximally inactivated HIVBa-L in the presence of cervicovaginal secretions and seminal plasma. The anti-HIV activity of l-lactic acid was pH dependent, being abrogated at neutral pH, indicating that its virucidal activity is mediated by protonated lactic acid and not the lactate anion. CONCLUSIONS l-lactic acid at physiological concentrations demonstrates potent HIV virucidal activity distinct from acidity alone and greater than acetic acid, suggesting a protective role in the sexual transmission of HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Aldunate
- Centre for Virology, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
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Abstract
Patients and clinicians experience the frustration of cutaneous viral warts caused by infection with the human papilloma virus (HPV).Warts appear in various forms on different sites of the body and include common warts (verruca vulgaris), plane or flat warts, myrmecia, plantar warts, coalesced mosaic warts, filiform warts, periungual warts, anogenital warts (venereal or condyloma acuminata), oral warts and respiratory papillomas. Cervical infection with HPV is now known to cause cervical cancer if untreated. A review of the medical literature reveals a huge armamentarium of wart monotherapies and combination therapies. Official evidence-based guidelines exist for the treatment of warts, but very few of the reported treatments have been tested by rigorous blinded, randomized controlled trials.Therefore, official recommendations do not often include treatments with reportedly high success rates, but they should not be ignored when considering treatment options. It is the purpose of this review to provide a comprehensive overview of the wart treatment literature to expand awareness of the options available to practitioners faced with patients presenting with problematic warts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Lipke
- MPAS, PA-C, Department of Dermatology, Marshfield Clinic-Wausau Center, Wausau, WI 54401, USA.
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