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Harding E, Sullivan MP, Camic PM, Yong KXX, Stott J, Crutch SJ. Exploring experiential differences in everyday activities - A focused ethnographic study in the homes of people living with memory-led Alzheimer's disease and posterior cortical atrophy. J Aging Stud 2024; 69:101226. [PMID: 38834246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaging.2024.101226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Supporting ageing in place, quality of life and activity engagement are public health priorities for people living with dementia, but little is known about the needs and experiences of community-dwelling people with rarer forms of dementia with lesser known symptoms. Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is a rare form of dementia usually caused by Alzheimer's disease but which is characterised by diminished visual processing (rather than a dominant memory problem), which poses challenges for maintaining independence and accessing appropriate support. METHODS This study used a comparative qualitative design and focussed ethnographic methods to explore experiential differences in activity engagement for 10 people with the most common, memory-led presentation of Alzheimer's disease and 10 people with posterior cortical atrophy within their everyday home environments. RESULTS While the data collection revealed much rich variation in individual and contextual factors, some tentative high-level differences in the experiences of everyday activities could be drawn out, seemingly attributable to the different diagnoses' differing dominant symptoms. These included people with posterior cortical atrophy being less likely to use environmental cues to initiate activities, and more likely to withhold from asking for support because of preserved insight into the impact of this on carers. This lack of initiation of activities could be misinterpreted as apathy. People with posterior cortical atrophy also were discouraged from engaging in activities by disorientation within the home, and difficulties localising, identifying and manipulating objects. People with the more common, memory-led presentation of Alzheimer's disease exhibited more memory-based difficulties with engaging with activities such as forgetting planned activities, where to locate the items required for an activity and the steps involved. Despite these distinct symptom-led challenges, all participants and their family members demonstrated resourcefulness and resilience in making creative adaptations to support continued engagement in everyday activities, supporting the widely reported management strategies of people with dementia of the Alzheimer's type more generally. CONCLUSIONS These findings offer helpful insights into some the differing impacts dementia related visual and memory impairments can have on everyday activity engagement, which will be helpful for others navigating these challenges and the health and social care practitioners working with people affected by these conditions. The findings also highlight the vast individual variation in the multitude of individual and contextual factors involved in everyday activity engagement, and suggest important areas for future work utilising methods which are similarly high in ecological validity and accessibility as the home-based focussed ethnographic methods utilised here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Harding
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Mary Pat Sullivan
- School of Social Work, Faculty of Education and Professional Studies, Nipissing University, Nipissing, ON, Canada
| | - Paul M Camic
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Keir X X Yong
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joshua Stott
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, UK
| | - Sebastian J Crutch
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
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Wong KLY, Johnson G, O'Connor D. Living with dementia: Exploring the intersections of culture, race, and dementia, stigma. DEMENTIA 2024:14713012241249796. [PMID: 38656188 DOI: 10.1177/14713012241249796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Research documents the presence of stigma and discrimination as key components in the lived experience of dementia. However, to date, there is limited understanding regarding how social location, particularly as it relates to culture and race, may shape this experience of stigma and discrimination. In this qualitative exploratory study, personal interviews were held with ten Chinese Canadians living with dementia focused on better understanding how culture, race, and dementia stigma influence their experiences. From the onset, themes related to stigma and discrimination were woven into the participants' stories about living with dementia. Consistent with other research, all participants described an increased sense of vulnerability and invisibility related to how both they and others responded to their diagnosis of dementia. Participants also provided examples of how this experience of stigma was compounded by culture, race, and immigration status. Importantly, these acts of stigma and discrimination were both externally and internally imposed, resulting in feelings of lack of safety and insecurity. This research draws attention to the increased vulnerability that accompanies a diagnosis of dementia and illustrates how this may be heightened by one's culture and racism.
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Windle G, Roberts J, MacLeod C, Algar-Skaife K, Sullivan MP, Brotherhood E, Jones CH, Stott J. 'I have never bounced back': resilience and living with dementia. Aging Ment Health 2023; 27:2355-2367. [PMID: 37020427 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2023.2196248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This work responds to the limited research about resilience when living with dementia and develops a conceptual model to inform service development and healthcare practices for this population. METHODS An iterative process of theory building across four phases of activity (scoping review n = 9 studies), stakeholder engagement (n = 7), interviews (n = 11) generated a combined sample of 87 people living with dementia and their carers, including those affected by rare dementias to explore their lived experiences. An existing framework of resilience developed in other populations served as the starting point to analyse and synthesise the findings, inspiring a new conceptual model of resilience unique to the experience of living with dementia. RESULTS The synthesis suggests resilience encompasses the daily struggles of living with a dementia; people are not flourishing, thriving or 'bouncing back', but are managing and adapting under pressure and stress. The conceptual model suggests resilience may be achieved through the collective and collaborative role of psychological strengths, practical approaches to adapting to life with dementia, continuing with hobbies, interests and activities, strong relationships with family and friends, peer support and education, participating in community activities and support from healthcare professionals. Most of these themes are not reflected in resilience outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS Practitioners adopting a strengths-based approach utilising the conceptual model at the point of diagnosis and post-diagnosis support may help individuals achieve resilience through appropriately tailored services and support. This 'resilience practice' could also extend to other degenerative or debilitating chronic conditions a person faces in their life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gill Windle
- Ageing and Dementia Bangor, Dementia Services Development Centre (DSDC), School of Medical and Health Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Jennifer Roberts
- Ageing and Dementia Bangor, Dementia Services Development Centre (DSDC), School of Medical and Health Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Catherine MacLeod
- Ageing and Dementia Bangor, Dementia Services Development Centre (DSDC), School of Medical and Health Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Katherine Algar-Skaife
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science (INB), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mary Pat Sullivan
- Faculty of Education and Professional Studies, School of Social Work, Nipissing University, North Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emilie Brotherhood
- Dementia Research Centre, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Catrin Hedd Jones
- Ageing and Dementia Bangor, Dementia Services Development Centre (DSDC), School of Medical and Health Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Joshua Stott
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London (UCL), London, UK
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Kaneko K, Sasamori F, Okuhara M, Maruo SJ, Ashida K, Tabuchi H, Akasaki H, Kobayashi K, Aoyagi Y, Watanabe N, Nishino T, Terasawa K. Evaluation of a dementia prevention program to improve health and social care and promote human rights among older adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN HEALTHCARE 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/ijhrh-12-2021-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to evaluate a human rights-informed dementia prevention program promoting better health and social care among older adults. In this study, the authors examined whether a dual-task training would improve cognition in healthy older adults.
Design/methodology/approach
Individuals attending the systematic health education program for older adults based in Japan were recruited for study inclusion, and divided into a dual-task training group (TG) and a control group (CG). The TG underwent 90 min of a weekly dual-task training for 12 weeks. Severity of dementia was measured using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) test. Brain function was assessed using a go/no-go task paradigm, during which cerebral blood flow was additionally measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy to quantify oxyhemoglobin (oxy-Hb).
Findings
MMSE total score, number of errors in the go/no-go tasks and oxy-Hb values showed significant improvements in the TG.
Research limitations/implications
Owing to the small number of participants allocated to the CG, the results must be interpreted with caution. Replication and further validation based on large-scale, randomized-controlled trials is warranted.
Practical implications
This study highlights potential benefits of incorporating an early prevention training for dementia into a human rights-friendly health education program.
Social implications
This study suggests a potential means to reduce costs of social security and health care by introducing a human rights-informed dementia prevention program.
Originality/value
The results suggest that dual-task training may improve cognitive function in healthy older adults, thereby contributing to better health and improvement of social health care, based on a human rights-informed health education program for the prevention of dementia.
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Huizenga J, Scheffelaar A, Fruijtier A, Wilken JP, Bleijenberg N, Van Regenmortel T. Everyday Experiences of People Living with Mild Cognitive Impairment or Dementia: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10828. [PMID: 36078544 PMCID: PMC9518176 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Increasing attention has been paid to the 'voice' of people living with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia, but there is a lack of clarity about how everyday life is perceived from this insider's perspective. This study aimed to explore the everyday life experiences, challenges and facilitators of individuals with MCI and dementia living at home. A scoping review of qualitative studies, guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers Manual, was conducted. Eight databases were searched, resulting in 6345 records, of which 58 papers published between 2011 and 2021 were included. Analysis was carried out by descriptive content analysis. Findings were categorized into seven spheres of everyday life: experiences related to the condition, self, relationships, activities, environment, health and social care and public opinions. The results show many disruptions and losses in everyday life and how people try to accommodate these changes. In all areas of everyday life, people show a deep desire to have reciprocal relationships, stay engaged through participation in activities and have a sense of belonging in the community. However, more research is needed on the factors that promote and impede the sense of reciprocity and belonging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacoba Huizenga
- Institute of Social Work, HU University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, 3507 LC Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Research Center Social Innovation, HU University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, 3507 LC Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Tranzo, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, 5000 LE Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Aukelien Scheffelaar
- Department of Tranzo, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, 5000 LE Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Agnetha Fruijtier
- Research Center Social Innovation, HU University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, 3507 LC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jean Pierre Wilken
- Research Center Social Innovation, HU University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, 3507 LC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke Bleijenberg
- Research Center Healthy & Sustainable Living, HU University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, 3507 LC Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tine Van Regenmortel
- Department of Tranzo, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, 5000 LE Tilburg, The Netherlands
- HIVA—Research Institute for Work and Society, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Taking a positive psychiatry approach to depression and cognitive decline among older adults. Int Psychogeriatr 2022; 34:605-608. [PMID: 35414374 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610222000394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Epps F, Moore MA, Chester M, Gore J, Sainz M, Adkins A, Clevenger C, Aycock DM. The Alter Program: A Nurse-Led, Dementia-Friendly Program for African American Faith Communities and Families Living With Dementia. Nurs Adm Q 2022; 46:72-80. [PMID: 34860803 PMCID: PMC8647771 DOI: 10.1097/naq.0000000000000506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Dementia is a stigmatizing condition requiring enhanced awareness and understanding. Churches are a trusted source of support for African Americans, a demographic disproportionately affected by dementia. However, many African American churches are not equipped with the knowledge and means to provide safe environments, resources, and spiritual and social support for their parishioners living with dementia and their families. This protocol is written to detail the design and implementation of a nurse-led, dementia-friendly congregation program, Alter. The Alter program was developed to increase dementia awareness, develop a supportive, faith-based dementia-friendly infrastructure, and create a community supporting the well-being of African Americans living with dementia and their families. Engagement in this program aims to improve brain health status of older adults, improve physical and mental health outcomes, reduce dementia stigma, and enhance personal agency. Improved outcomes for persons living with dementia translate into lower use of acute and emergency services due to more stability in community care. It is expected that the churches participating in this program will be recognized by their community as a great resource for dementia information and support. The long-term goal of the Alter program is to be widely adapted in various health systems to reduce health disparities associated with dementia in the African American community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayron Epps
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University
| | - Miranda A. Moore
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University
| | | | - Janelle Gore
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University
| | - Mayra Sainz
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University
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van Corven CTM, Bielderman A, Wijnen M, Leontjevas R, Lucassen PLBJ, Graff MJL, Gerritsen DL. Empowerment for people living with dementia: An integrative literature review. Int J Nurs Stud 2021; 124:104098. [PMID: 34706313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.104098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Although the concept of empowerment seems useful for good care and support for people living with dementia, there is a lack of understanding of the process of empowerment. Therefore, more insight is needed into the concept of empowerment, and the environment's role in the empowerment process. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We performed an integrative literature review (PubMed, CINAHL, PsychINFO), including studies that addressed empowerment for people living with dementia in their title or abstract. Using qualitative data analysis software ATLAS.ti, we applied open codes to describe all relevant aspects of included articles. Common themes and categories were identified using inductive reasoning and constant comparison. RESULTS Sixty-nine articles were included. We identified four themes: (1) description of the state of being empowered, (2) the process of empowerment, (3) contribution of the environment to the empowerment process, and (4) effects on other variables. We combined these results with the conceptual framework of our previous qualitative study on the definition of empowerment for people living with dementia based on stakeholders' perspectives. Subsequently, the combined information of both studies was visualized in a revised conceptual framework. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS This literature review provides more details as to the role of the environment for empowerment of people living with dementia and suggests that empowerment can be considered a dynamic process, taking place through interaction between the person living with dementia and their environment. Our revised conceptual framework of empowerment can serve as a basis for future studies on empowerment for people living with dementia, and to support (in)formal caregivers in the empowerment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte T M van Corven
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Annemiek Bielderman
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Mandy Wijnen
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Ruslan Leontjevas
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Faculty of Psychology, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter L B J Lucassen
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Maud J L Graff
- Radboud Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute for Quality of Healthcare and Department of Rehabilitation, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Debby L Gerritsen
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Defrancesco M, Bancher C, Dal-Bianco P, Hinterhuber H, Schmidt R, Struhal W, Ransmayr G, Stögmann E, Marksteiner J. [Position paper of the Austrian Alzheimer Association (Österreichische Alzheimer Gesellschaft, ÖAG) : Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in Austria on people with dementia and their care environment-problem areas, recommendations, and strategies]. NEUROPSYCHIATRIE : KLINIK, DIAGNOSTIK, THERAPIE UND REHABILITATION : ORGAN DER GESELLSCHAFT OSTERREICHISCHER NERVENARZTE UND PSYCHIATER 2021; 35:35-47. [PMID: 33123943 PMCID: PMC7594989 DOI: 10.1007/s40211-020-00363-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Older adults are particularly affected by the current COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. The risk of dying from COVID-19 increases with age and is often associated with pre-existing health conditions. Globally, more than 50 million-in Austria currently approximately 140,000 people-suffer from dementia. The co-occurrence of dementia as a "pandemic of old age" together with the COVID-19 pandemic has a double impact on persons living with dementia and their caregivers. The COVID-19 pandemic poses major challenges for individuals with dementia and their caregivers: (1) People with dementia have limited access to information on COVID-19, may have difficulties with protective measures such as wearing masks and in remembering safety regulations. (2) People with dementia live alone or with their family, or are institutionalized. To reduce the chance of infection among older people in nursing homes, Austrian local authorities have banned visitors to nursing homes and long-term care facilities and implemented strict social-distancing measures. As a result, older people lost face-to-face contact with their family members, became isolated and social activities stopped. Consequently, anxiety, stress and serious concerns about infections among staff in nursing homes increased and they developed signs of exhaustion and burnout during the full lockdown of the facilities. Thus, due to the emerging COVID-19 crisis, the Austrian Alzheimer Association (Österreichische Alzheimer Gesellschaft, ÖAG) and international societies developed recommendations to support people living with dementia and their caregivers on various issues of physical and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Defrancesco
- Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie I, Department Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Österreich.
| | - Christian Bancher
- Abteilung für Neurologie/neurologische Rehabilitation, Landesklinikum Horn-Allentsteig, Horn, Österreich
| | - Peter Dal-Bianco
- Universitätsklinik für Neurologie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Österreich
| | - Hartmann Hinterhuber
- Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie I, Department Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Österreich
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Universitätsklinik für Neurologie, Klinische Abteilung für Neurogeriatrie, Medizinische Universität Graz, Graz, Österreich
| | - Walter Struhal
- Abteilung für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Tulln, Karl Landsteiner Privatuniversität für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Standort Tulln, Tulln, Österreich
| | - Gerhard Ransmayr
- Abteilung für Neurologie, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Österreich
| | - Elisabeth Stögmann
- Universitätsklinik für Neurologie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Österreich
| | - Josef Marksteiner
- Department für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie A, Landeskrankenhaus Hall, Hall, Österreich
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Wang Y, Chi I, Zhan Y, Chen W, Li T. Effectiveness of Resilience Interventions on Psychosocial Outcomes for Persons With Neurocognitive Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:709860. [PMID: 34489759 PMCID: PMC8416755 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.709860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neurocognitive disorders, such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI), dementia, and Alzheimer's disease, not only harm people's cognitive function but also lead to negative emotions, poor quality of life (QOL), and unsatisfactory level of well-being. Resilience can be defined as a dynamic and amendable process, which maintains or improves life satisfaction and quick recovery from own dilemma. However, no meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) has thus far examined the effectiveness of resilience interventions among persons with neurocognitive disorders, and the results of RCTs were inconsistent. This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of resilience interventions on psychosocial outcomes among persons with neurocognitive disorders. Methods: Nine electronic Chinese and English databases (the Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Web of Science, PubMed, Medline, Eric, JSTOR, CNKI, and WANGFANG) were searched through April 2021. Only RCTs were included, and the quality of the included studies was assessed by the Cochrane "Risk of Bias" tool. Meta-analysis was carried out on psychosocial outcomes, and heterogeneity was investigated by subgroup and sensitivity analysis. RevMan 5.4 was used for meta-analysis. Results: Fourteen RCT studies were identified, representing a total of 2,442 participants with neurocognitive disorders. The risk of bias was high or unclear for most included studies in the domains of allocation concealment, blinding participants, and interventionists. Meta-analysis showed that heterogeneity was low or moderate. There were significant differences in favor of resilience interventions compared with control on the outcome of QOL, using the Quality of Life-Alzheimer Disease scale (QOL-AD) [I 2 = 36%, standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.14, 95% CI (0.02, 0.26), p = 0.02], and no significant differences on depression, using the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD) [I 2 = 41%, SMD = -0.14, 95% CI (-0.34, 0.05), p = 0.16], and neuropsychiatric symptoms using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q) [I 2 = 62%, SMD = -0.10, 95% CI (-0.37, -0.16), p ≤ 0.46]. Conclusions: Resilience interventions had a significant benefit on QOL but no significant benefit on depression and neuropsychiatric behavioral symptoms. More evidence is needed to answer questions about how to implement resilience interventions and how to evaluate their effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- School of Philosophy and Sociology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Evidence Based Social Science Research Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Iris Chi
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Edward R. Roybal Institute on Aging, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yuning Zhan
- School of Economics and Management, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjang Chen
- School of Philosophy and Sociology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tongtong Li
- Edward R. Roybal Institute on Aging, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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