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Mud Shukri MI, Minhat HS, Ahmad N, Ismail F, Kanthavelu C, Nurfarahin D, Ghazali WSW, Mohd Zulkefli NA. Prevalence and factors associated with depression, anxiety and stress in Malaysia during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288618. [PMID: 37471310 PMCID: PMC10358990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has had severe impacts on mental health status worldwide. Several studies have investigated the prevalence and factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress in different countries, however, a systematic review on the research topic during COVID-19 is presently lacking in Malaysia's context. To fill this gap, electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Sagepub, CINAHL, Psychology, and Behavioral Sciences Collection were searched for relevant studies. A total of 16 studies were included in the systematic review. METHODS To fill this gap, electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Sagepub, CINAHL, Psychology, and Behavioral Sciences Collection were searched for relevant studies. A total of 16 studies were included in the systematic review. RESULTS The analyses showed that the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress ranged from 14.3% to 81.7%, 8.0% to 81.7%, and 0.9% to 56.5% respectively. Adult populations demonstrated the highest prevalence of depression, whereas university students reported the highest prevalence of anxiety and stress. Several factors were associated with mental health conditions including age, gender, family income, and perception of COVID-19. CONCLUSION Differentials in mental health screening practices call for standardised screening practices. Mental health intervention should be targeted at high-risk populations with effective risk communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ikhwan Mud Shukri
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seremban, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Halimatus Sakdiah Minhat
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seremban, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norliza Ahmad
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seremban, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fatin Ismail
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seremban, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chandramalar Kanthavelu
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seremban, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Dina Nurfarahin
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seremban, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Syahirah Wan Ghazali
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seremban, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Afiah Mohd Zulkefli
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seremban, Selangor, Malaysia
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Angelini P, Postalian A, Hernandez-Vila E, Uribe C, Costello B. COVID-19 and the Heart: Could Transient Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Be Related to the Pandemic by Incidence and Mechanisms? Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:919715. [PMID: 35833183 PMCID: PMC9271702 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.919715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Typical emergency hospital care during the COVID-19 pandemic has centered on pulmonary-focused services. Nonetheless, patients with COVID-19 frequently develop complications associated with the dysfunction of other organs, which may greatly affect prognosis. Preliminary evidence suggests that cardiovascular involvement is relatively frequent in COVID-19 and that it correlates with significant worsening of clinical status and mortality in infected patients. In this article, we summarize current knowledge on the cardiovascular effects of COVID-19. In particular, we focus on the association between COVID-19 and transient takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC)—two conditions that preliminarily seem epidemiologically associated—and we highlight cardiovascular changes that may help guide future investigations toward full discovery of this new, complex disease entity. We hypothesize that coronary endothelial dysfunction, along with septic state, inflammatory storm, hypercoagulability, endothelial necrosis, and small-vessel clotting, may represent a fundamental hidden link between COVID-19 and TTC. Furthermore, given the likelihood that new genetic mutations of coronaviruses or other organisms will cause similar pandemics and endemics in the future, we must be better prepared so that a substantial complication such as TTC can be more accurately recognized, its pathophysiology better understood, and its treatment made more justifiable, timely, and effective.
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Bilotta C, Perrone G, Zerbo S, Argo A. COVID-19 Vaccination in Pediatric Population: A Necessity or Obstruction to the Protection of the Right to Health? Biojuridical Perspective. Front Public Health 2022; 10:874687. [PMID: 35707056 PMCID: PMC9191355 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.874687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most recently debated topics worldwide is the mass vaccination of children against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Next, the risk/benefit ratio of COVID-19 vaccination and infection in children are compared. Nonetheless, the real question in this debate is as follows: Does the vaccine represent a necessary tool or is it an obstacle in protecting the right to health? From a public health point of view, the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia, in Canada, recommends COVID-19 vaccination in the pediatric population. Based on Article 25 of the Draft Articles on State responsibility, vaccination can be considered a social act necessary for protecting the individual's right to health. The 1989 New York Convention on the Rights of the Child and the European Regulation number 219/1111 state that the opinion of a minor aged >12 years is considerable. However, this validity of opinion is related to age and degree of discernment. The onset of adverse events following the administration of the COVID-19 vaccine may lead to compensation in the near future. Recent studies have identified a new COVID-19-related pediatric pathology, known as multisystem inflammatory syndrome. Other studies have demonstrated that myocarditis in the pediatric population might occur following COVID-19 vaccine administration. In June 2021 in the USA, the Center for Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices declared that the benefits of vaccination against COVID-19 in the pediatric population outweighed the risks. In the meantime, whereas the bioethical debate remains open, monitoring the real risk/benefit ratio of vaccination in the pediatric population is crucial.
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Migliori GB, Thong PM, Alffenaar JW, Denholm J, Tadolini M, Alyaquobi F, Al-Abri S, Blanc FX, Buonsenso D, Chakaya J, Cho JG, Codecasa LR, Danila E, Duarte R, Dukpa R, García-García JM, Gualano G, Kurhasani X, Manika K, Mello FCDQ, Pahl K, Rendon A, Sotgiu G, Souleymane MB, Thomas TA, Tiberi S, Kunst H, Udwadia ZF, Goletti D, Centis R, D’Ambrosio L, Silva DR. Country-specific lockdown measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on tuberculosis control: a global study. J Bras Pneumol 2022; 48:e20220087. [PMID: 35475873 PMCID: PMC9064628 DOI: 10.36416/1806-3756/e20220087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to describe country-specific lockdown measures and tuberculosis indicators collected during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data on lockdown/social restrictions (compulsory face masks and hand hygiene; international and local travel restrictions; restrictions to family visits, and school closures) were collected from 24 countries spanning five continents. The majority of the countries implemented multiple lockdowns with partial or full reopening. There was an overall decrease in active tuberculosis, drug-resistant tuberculosis, and latent tuberculosis cases. Although national lockdowns were effective in containing COVID-19 cases, several indicators of tuberculosis were affected during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pei Min Thong
- . National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jan-Willem Alffenaar
- . The University of Sydney, Pharmacy School, Sydney (NSW) Australia
- . The University of Sidney at Westmead Hospital, Sydney (NSW) Australia
- . Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, Sydney (NSW) Australia
| | - Justin Denholm
- . Melbourne Health Victorian Tuberculosis Program, Melbourne (VIC) Australia
- . Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne (VIC) Australia
| | - Marina Tadolini
- . Infectious Diseases Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri - IRCCS - Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico di Sant’Orsola, Bologna, Italia
- . Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fatma Alyaquobi
- . TB and Acute Respiratory Diseases Section, Department of Communicable Diseases, Directorate General of Disease Surveillance and Control, National TB Programme, MoH Oman, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Seif Al-Abri
- . Directorate General for Disease Surveillance and Control, MoH Oman, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - François-Xavier Blanc
- . Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Service de Pneumologie, L’Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Danilo Buonsenso
- . Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli - IRCCS - Roma, Italia
| | - Jeremiah Chakaya
- . Department of Medicine, Dermatology and Therapeutics, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
- . Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jin-Gun Cho
- . The University of Sidney at Westmead Hospital, Sydney (NSW) Australia
- . Parramatta Chest Clinic, Parramatta (NSW) Australia
| | - Luigi Ruffo Codecasa
- . TB Reference Centre of Villa Marelli Institute, Niguarda Hospital, Milano, Italia
| | - Edvardas Danila
- . Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Kilinkos, Vilinius, Lithuania
| | - Raquel Duarte
- . National Reference Centre for MDR-TB, Serviço de Pneumologia, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal e Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses, e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rada Dukpa
- . National TB Control Program, Ministry of Health, Timbu, Bhutan
| | - José-María García-García
- . Programa Integrado de Investigación en Tuberculosis - PII-TB - Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica - SEPAR - Barcelona, España
| | - Gina Gualano
- . Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive “Lazzaro Spallanzani” - INMI - IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - Xhevat Kurhasani
- . UBT - Higher Education Institution, Prishtina, Kosovo
- . NGO KeA, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Katerina Manika
- . Pulmonary Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, “G. Papanikolaou” Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Kristin Pahl
- . Clinton Health Access Initiative, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Adrian Rendon
- . Centro de Investigación, Prevención y Tratamiento de Infecciones Respiratorias -CIPTIR - Hospital Universitario de Monterrey, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - Giovanni Sotgiu
- . Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Tania A. Thomas
- . Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (VA) USA
| | - Simon Tiberi
- . Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- . Royal London Hospital, Barts Health National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heinke Kunst
- . Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- . Royal London Hospital, Barts Health National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zarir F. Udwadia
- . P.D. Hinduja National Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Delia Goletti
- . Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive “Lazzaro Spallanzani” - INMI - IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - Rosella Centis
- . Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri - IRCCS - Tradate, Italia
| | | | - Denise Rossato Silva
- . Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS- Porto Alegre, Brasil
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Mesotten D, Meijs DAM, van Bussel BCT, Stessel B, Mehagnoul-Schipper J, Hana A, Scheeren CIE, Strauch U, van de Poll MCG, Ghossein-Doha C, Buhre WFFA, Bickenbach J, Vander Laenen M, Marx G, van der Horst ICC. Differences and Similarities Among COVID-19 Patients Treated in Seven ICUs in Three Countries Within One Region: An Observational Cohort Study. Crit Care Med 2022; 50:595-606. [PMID: 34636804 PMCID: PMC8923276 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000005314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate healthcare system-driven variation in general characteristics, interventions, and outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients admitted to the ICU within one Western European region across three countries. DESIGN Multicenter observational cohort study. SETTING Seven ICUs in the Euregio Meuse-Rhine, one region across Belgium, The Netherlands, and Germany. PATIENTS Consecutive COVID-19 patients supported in the ICU during the first pandemic wave. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics, laboratory values, and outcome data were retrieved after ethical approval and data-sharing agreements. Descriptive statistics were performed to investigate country-related practice variation. From March 2, 2020, to August 12, 2020, 551 patients were admitted. Mean age was 65.4 ± 11.2 years, and 29% were female. At admission, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores were 15.0 ± 5.5, 16.8 ± 5.5, and 15.8 ± 5.3 (p = 0.002), and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores were 4.4 ± 2.7, 7.4 ± 2.2, and 7.7 ± 3.2 (p < 0.001) in the Belgian, Dutch, and German parts of Euregio, respectively. The ICU mortality rate was 22%, 42%, and 44%, respectively (p < 0.001). Large differences were observed in the frequency of organ support, antimicrobial/inflammatory therapy application, and ICU capacity. Mixed-multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that differences in ICU mortality were independent of age, sex, disease severity, comorbidities, support strategies, therapies, and complications. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 patients admitted to ICUs within one region, the Euregio Meuse-Rhine, differed significantly in general characteristics, applied interventions, and outcomes despite presumed genetic and socioeconomic background, admission diagnosis, access to international literature, and data collection are similar. Variances in healthcare systems' organization, particularly ICU capacity and admission criteria, combined with a rapidly spreading pandemic might be important drivers for the observed differences. Heterogeneity between patient groups but also healthcare systems should be presumed to interfere with outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Mesotten
- Department of Intensive Care, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
- UHasselt, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Daniek A M Meijs
- Department of Intensive Care, Maastricht University Medical Center +, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Intensive Care, Laurentius Ziekenhuis, Roermond, The Netherlands
| | - Bas C T van Bussel
- Department of Intensive Care, Maastricht University Medical Center +, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Björn Stessel
- UHasselt, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Intensive Care, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium
| | | | - Anisa Hana
- Department of Intensive Care, Laurentius Ziekenhuis, Roermond, The Netherlands
| | - Clarissa I E Scheeren
- Department of Intensive Care, Zuyderland Medisch Centrum, Heerlen/Sittard, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Strauch
- Department of Intensive Care, Maastricht University Medical Center +, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel C G van de Poll
- Department of Intensive Care, Maastricht University Medical Center +, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center +, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Chahinda Ghossein-Doha
- Department of Intensive Care, Maastricht University Medical Center +, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang F F A Buhre
- Division for Acute and Emergency Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center +, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Bickenbach
- Department of Intensive Care, University Hospital Rheinisch Westfälische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Gernot Marx
- Department of Intensive Care, University Hospital Rheinisch Westfälische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Iwan C C van der Horst
- Department of Intensive Care, Maastricht University Medical Center +, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Rogalska A, Syrkiewicz-Świtała M. COVID-19 and Mortality, Depression, and Suicide in the Polish Population. Front Public Health 2022; 10:854028. [PMID: 35372182 PMCID: PMC8965814 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.854028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AimThe study was aimed at assessing the mortality of the population, the occurrence of the phenomenon of depression and suicide before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsData on total mortality in Poland in 2017–2021 came from the report of the Ministry of Health. Data on the number of sick leave due to mental disorders were taken from the report of the ZUS (Social Insurance Institution in Poland). Data on the number of suicides came from police statistics.ResultsIncrease in the number of deaths in Poland in 2021 compared to the 2017–2019 average – 26.86%. In 2018–2020, the greatest number of fatal suicides was recorded in the age group – 60–64 years (in 2018 N = 565; 10.90%; in 2020 N = 524; 10.15%).ConclusionsIn the years 2020-2021, an increase in mortality was observed in Poland compared to the previous years. Moreover, in 2020 there was an increase in sickness absence due to ICD-10 F.32 and an increase in the number of suicide attempts.
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Zakar R, Momina AU, Shahzad S, Hayee M, Shahzad R, Zakar MZ. COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy or Acceptance and Its Associated Factors: Findings from Post-Vaccination Cross-Sectional Survey from Punjab Pakistan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:1305. [PMID: 35162328 PMCID: PMC8835289 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 has posed massive challenges related to health, economy, and the social fabric of the entire human population. To curb the spread of the virus, the Government of Pakistan initiated a vaccination campaign against COVID-19. The objective of this research was to assess the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance or hesitancy. The data were collected telephonically using a cross-sectional survey design through a close-ended structured questionnaire from a sample of 1325 vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals with a response rate of 38%. SPSS v. 26 was used to analyze the data. The study revealed that 73% of the respondents were male, half in the 40-49 age group, 78% living in urban areas, and 45% had a monthly income between 20,001-50,000 Pakistani rupees. People felt reluctant to get vaccinated because of myths and misinformation related to it. The socio-demographic factors including male, age 60-69, middle or higher level of education, marital status, currently employed, from middle socio-economic status, living in urban areas, high access to mass media, history of influenza vaccination, physical activity, and perceived good health status were significantly associated with COVID-19 vaccination uptake. Concerted efforts are needed to achieve vaccine targets for the broader population through understanding and identifying barriers to vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubeena Zakar
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Social and Cultural Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan;
| | - Ain ul Momina
- Health Service Delivery in Punjab, King Edward Medical University and Oxford Policy Management, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Sara Shahzad
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK;
| | - Mahwish Hayee
- Oxford Policy Management, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Ruhma Shahzad
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Social and Cultural Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan;
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Principi N, Esposito S. Reasons in favour of universal vaccination campaign against COVID-19 in the pediatric population. Ital J Pediatr 2022; 48:4. [PMID: 35012590 PMCID: PMC8743738 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-021-01192-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the growing evidence of the extreme efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in adults and the elderly, the administration of the same prophylactic measures to pediatric subjects is debated by some parents and by a number of researchers. The aim of this manuscript is to explain the reasons for overcoming hesitancy towards COVID-19 vaccination in children and adolescents and to highlight the importance of universal COVID-19 vaccination in the pediatric population. MAIN FINDINGS Recent epidemiological data suggest that the risk that a child with COVID-19 is hospitalized or admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit is greater than initially thought. Children may also suffer from long COVID and school closure because of COVID-19 can cause relevant mental health problems in the pediatric population. Placebo-controlled, observer-blinded, clinical trials showed appropriate efficacy, safety and tolerability of authorized mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in children and adolescents 12-17 years old. Vaccination in children younger than 12 years of age will allow further benefits . CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 vaccine administration seems mandatory in all the children and adolescents because of COVID-19 related complications as well as the efficacy, safety and tolerability of COVID-19 vaccines in this population. Due to the recent approval of COVID-9 vaccines for children 5-10 years old, it is desirable that vaccine opponents can understand how important is the universal immunization against COVID-19 for the pediatric subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pietro Barilla Children's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
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Lauretani F, Lauretani F, Maggio M. Apocalyptic COVID-19 mortality and BMI: a J-shape relationship? ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2022; 93:e2022200. [PMID: 35546019 PMCID: PMC9171893 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v93i2.11936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BMI could be considered the strongest key element for defining "frail/vulnerable" persons during SARS-COV-2 infection. National authorities should be taking into account these data for planning future preventive measured and vaccination and avoiding an increase of mortality due to COVID-19 infection. BMI is an expression of obesity and one of phenotypic criteria of undernutrition. Both of these conditions are really relevant worldwide, suggesting the need of implementing the knowledge on the importance of nutrition for general health and also for preventing severe forms of COVID-19 infection.
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Burns KEA, Laird M, Stevenson J, Honarmand K, Granton D, Kho ME, Cook D, Friedrich JO, Meade MO, Duffett M, Chaudhuri D, Liu K, D’Aragon F, Agarwal A, Adhikari NKJ, Noh H, Rochwerg B. Adherence of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Pharmacologic Treatments of Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 to Trustworthy Standards: A Systematic Review. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2136263. [PMID: 34889948 PMCID: PMC8665373 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.36263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The COVID-19 pandemic created the need for rapid and urgent guidance for clinicians to manage COVID-19 among patients and prevent transmission. OBJECTIVE To appraise the quality of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) using the National Academy of Medicine (NAM) criteria. EVIDENCE REVIEW A search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to December 14, 2020, and a search of related articles to February 28, 2021, that included CPGs developed by societies or by government or nongovernment organizations that reported pharmacologic treatments of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Teams of 2 reviewers independently abstracted data and assessed CPG quality using the 15-item National Guideline Clearinghouse Extent of Adherence to Trustworthy Standards (NEATS) instrument. FINDINGS Thirty-two CPGs were included in the review. Of these, 25 (78.1%) were developed by professional societies and emanated from a single World Health Organization (WHO) region. Overall, the CPGs were of low quality. Only 7 CPGs (21.9%) reported funding sources, and 12 (37.5%) reported conflicts of interest. Only 5 CPGs (15.6%) included a methodologist, described a search strategy or study selection process, or synthesized the evidence. Although 14 CPGs (43.8%) made recommendations or suggestions for or against treatments, they infrequently rated confidence in the quality of the evidence (6 of 32 [18.8%]), described potential benefits and harms (6 of 32 [18.8%]), or graded the strength of the recommendations (5 of 32 [15.6%]). External review, patient or public perspectives, or a process for updating were rare. High-quality CPGs included a methodologist and multidisciplinary collaborations involving investigators from 2 or more WHO regions. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this review, few COVID-19 CPGs met NAM standards for trustworthy guidelines. Approaches that prioritize engagement of a methodologist and multidisciplinary collaborators from at least 2 WHO regions may lead to the production of fewer, high-quality CPGs that are poised for updates as new evidence emerges. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO Identifier: CRD42021245239.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E. A. Burns
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Critical Care and Medicine, Unity Health Toronto, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Medicine, Critical Care Medicine, Pediatrics and Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew Laird
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James Stevenson
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kimia Honarmand
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Granton
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle E. Kho
- Departments of Medicine, Critical Care Medicine, Pediatrics and Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Physiotherapy and Division of Critical Care, St Joseph’s Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deborah Cook
- Departments of Medicine, Critical Care Medicine, Pediatrics and Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jan O. Friedrich
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Critical Care and Medicine, Unity Health Toronto, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maureen O. Meade
- Departments of Medicine, Critical Care Medicine, Pediatrics and Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Duffett
- Departments of Medicine, Critical Care Medicine, Pediatrics and Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dipayan Chaudhuri
- Departments of Medicine, Critical Care Medicine, Pediatrics and Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kuan Liu
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health and the Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frederick D’Aragon
- Canadian Donation and Transplant Research Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Arnav Agarwal
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Medicine, Critical Care Medicine, Pediatrics and Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neill K. J. Adhikari
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health and the Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Bram Rochwerg
- Departments of Medicine, Critical Care Medicine, Pediatrics and Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Khalil H, Tamara L, Rada G, Akl EA. Challenges of evidence synthesis during the 2020 COVID pandemic: a scoping review. J Clin Epidemiol 2021; 142:10-18. [PMID: 34718121 PMCID: PMC8550900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2021.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM The objectives of this scoping review are to identify the challenges to conducting evidence synthesis during the COVID-19 pandemic and to propose some recommendations addressing the identified gaps. METHODS A scoping review methodology was followed to map the literature published on the challenges and solutions of conducting evidence synthesis using the Joanna Briggs Methodology of performing scoping review. We searched several databases from the start of the Pandemic in December 2019 until 10th June 2021. RESULTS A total of 28 publications was included in the review. The challenges cited in the included studies have been categorised into four distinct but interconnected themes including: upstream, Evidence synthesis, downstream and contextual challenges. These challenges have been further refined into issues with primary studies, databases, team capacity, process, resources, and context. Several proposals to improve the above challenges included: transparency in primary studies registration and reporting, establishment of online platforms that enables collaboration, data sharing and searching, the use of computable evidence and coordination of efforts at an international level. CONCLUSION This review has highlighted the importance of including artificial intelligence, a framework for international collaboration and a sustained funding model to address many of the shortcomings and ensure we are ready for similar challenges in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Khalil
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Lotfi Tamara
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact (HEI), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Gabriel Rada
- Epistemonikos Foundation, UC Evidence Centre, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elie A Akl
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact (HEI), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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12
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Visca D, Migliori GB, Dinh-Xuan AT, Centis R, Belli S, Vitacca M, Aliani M, Zampogna E, Feci D, Pignatti P, Zappa M, Saderi L, Sotgiu G, Spanevello A. The Role of Blood Gas Analysis in the Post-Acute Phase of COVID-19 Pneumonia. Arch Bronconeumol 2021; 58:513-516. [PMID: 34188352 PMCID: PMC8223643 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dina Visca
- Division of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, 21049 Tradate, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, Respiratory Diseases, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese-Como, Italy
| | - Giovanni Battista Migliori
- Respiratory Diseases Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, 21049 Tradate, Italy
| | - Anh Tuan Dinh-Xuan
- Respiratory Physiology Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cochin Hospital, Université de Paris, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Rosella Centis
- Respiratory Diseases Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, 21049 Tradate, Italy
| | - Stefano Belli
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Respiratory Rehabilitation Unit of the Institute of 28010 Veruno, Novara, Italy
| | - Michele Vitacca
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Respiratory Rehabilitation of the Institute of Lumezzane, 25065 Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Aliani
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Respiratory Rehabilitation Unit of the Institute of Cassano Delle Murge, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Zampogna
- Division of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, 21049 Tradate, Italy
| | - Davide Feci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Respiratory Diseases, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese-Como, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pignatti
- Allergy and Immunology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Martina Zappa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Respiratory Diseases, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese-Como, Italy
| | - Laura Saderi
- Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sotgiu
- Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Spanevello
- Division of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, 21049 Tradate, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, Respiratory Diseases, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese-Como, Italy
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13
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Silva DR, Mello FCDQ, D’Ambrosio L, Centis R, Dalcolmo MP, Migliori GB. Tuberculosis and COVID-19, the new cursed duet: what differs between Brazil and Europe? J Bras Pneumol 2021; 47:e20210044. [PMID: 33950095 PMCID: PMC8332832 DOI: 10.36416/1806-3756/e20210044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
On April 1st, 2020, COVID-19 surpassed tuberculosis regarding the number of deaths per day worldwide. The combination of tuberculosis and COVID-19 has great potential for morbidity and mortality. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis. In this review article, we address concurrent tuberculosis and COVID-19, with particular regard to the differences between Brazil and Europe. In addition, we discuss priorities in clinical care, public health, and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Rossato Silva
- . Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS - Porto Alegre (RS) Brasil
| | | | - Lia D’Ambrosio
- . Servizio di Epidemiologia Clinica delle Malattie Respiratorie, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Tradate, Italia
| | - Rosella Centis
- . Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Giovanni Battista Migliori
- . Servizio di Epidemiologia Clinica delle Malattie Respiratorie, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Tradate, Italia
- . Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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14
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Principi N, Esposito S. Restrictive Measures for Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Are They Scientifically Supported? Front Pediatr 2021; 9:573061. [PMID: 33968838 PMCID: PMC8100194 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.573061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Principi
- Emeritus professor of Paediatrics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children's Hospital, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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15
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Migliori GB, Visca D, van den Boom M, Tiberi S, Silva DR, Centis R, D'Ambrosio L, Thomas T, Pontali E, Saderi L, Schaaf HS, Sotgiu G. Tuberculosis, COVID-19 and hospital admission: Consensus on pros and cons based on a review of the evidence. Pulmonology 2021; 27:248-256. [PMID: 33547028 PMCID: PMC7843149 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The scientific debate on the criteria guiding hospitalization of tuberculosis (TB) and COVID-19 patients is ongoing. The aim of this review is to present the available evidence on admission for TB and TB/COVID-19 patients and discuss the criteria guiding hospitalization. Furthermore, recommendations are made as derived from recently published World Health Organization documents, based on Global Tuberculosis Network (GTN) expert opinion. The core published documents and guidelines on the topic have been reviewed. The proportion of new TB cases admitted to hospital ranges between 50% and 100% while for multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB patients it ranges between 85 and 100% globally. For TB patients with COVID-19 the proportion of cases admitted is 58%, probably reflecting different scenarios related to the diagnosis of COVID-19 before, after or at the same time of the active TB episode. The hospital length of stay for drug-susceptible TB ranges from 20 to 60 days in most of countries, ranging from a mean of 10 days (USA) to around 90 days in the Russian Federation. Hospitalization is longer for MDR-TB (50-180 days). The most frequently stated reasons for recommending hospital admission include: severe TB, infection control concerns, co-morbidities and drug adverse events which cannot be managed at out-patient level. The review also provides suggestions on hospital requirements for safe admissions as well as patient discharge criteria, while underlining the relevance of patient-centred care through community/home-based care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Battista Migliori
- Servizio di Epidemiologia Clinica delle Malattie Respiratorie, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Tradate, Italy.
| | - Dina Visca
- Division of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Tradate, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, Respiratory Diseases, University of Insubria, Tradate, Varese-Como, Italy
| | | | - Simon Tiberi
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Division of Infection, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Denise Rossato Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rosella Centis
- Servizio di Epidemiologia Clinica delle Malattie Respiratorie, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Tradate, Italy
| | | | - Tania Thomas
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, Virginia, USA
| | - Emanuele Pontali
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Galliera Hospital, Genova, Italy
| | - Laura Saderi
- Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - H Simon Schaaf
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Giovanni Sotgiu
- Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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