1
|
Boraschi P, Donati F, Ambrosini I, Bruni L, Mazzeo ML, Tintori R, Tonerini M, Neri E. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiology of the GI Tract, Liver, and Pancreas in Patients with COVID. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2023; 52:185-200. [PMID: 36813425 PMCID: PMC9626443 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pulmonary involvement has been extensively reported in the literature. Current data highlight how COVID-19 is a systemic disease, affecting many other organs, including the gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary, and pancreatic organs. Recently, these organs have been investigated using imaging modalities of ultrasound and particularly computed tomography. Radiological findings of the gastrointestinal, hepatic, and pancreatic involvement in patients with COVID-19 are generally nonspecific but are nonetheless helpful to evaluate and manage COVID-19 patients with involvement of these organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piero Boraschi
- 2nd Unit of Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, and Nuclear Medicine, Pisa University Hospital, Via Paradisa 2, Pisa 56124, Italy.
| | - Francescamaria Donati
- 2nd Unit of Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, and Nuclear Medicine, Pisa University Hospital, Via Paradisa 2, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Ilaria Ambrosini
- Academic Radiology, Department of Translational Research, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Luciana Bruni
- Academic Radiology, Department of Translational Research, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Mazzeo
- Academic Radiology, Department of Translational Research, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Rachele Tintori
- 2nd Unit of Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, and Nuclear Medicine, Pisa University Hospital, Via Paradisa 2, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Michele Tonerini
- Unit of Emergency Radiology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, Pisa University Hospital, Via Paradisa 2, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Emanuele Neri
- Academic Radiology, Department of Translational Research, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, Pisa 56126, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mahdavi M, Choubdar H, Rostami Z, Niroomand B, Levine AT, Fatemi A, Bolhasani E, Vahabie AH, Lomber SG, Merrikhi Y. Hybrid feature engineering of medical data via variational autoencoders with triplet loss: a COVID-19 prognosis study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2827. [PMID: 36808151 PMCID: PMC9936112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29334-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Medical machine learning frameworks have received much attention in recent years. The recent COVID-19 pandemic was also accompanied by a surge in proposed machine learning algorithms for tasks such as diagnosis and mortality prognosis. Machine learning frameworks can be helpful medical assistants by extracting data patterns that are otherwise hard to detect by humans. Efficient feature engineering and dimensionality reduction are major challenges in most medical machine learning frameworks. Autoencoders are novel unsupervised tools that can perform data-driven dimensionality reduction with minimum prior assumptions. This study, in a novel approach, investigated the predictive power of latent representations obtained from a hybrid autoencoder (HAE) framework combining variational autoencoder (VAE) characteristics with mean squared error (MSE) and triplet loss for forecasting COVID-19 patients with high mortality risk in a retrospective framework. Electronic laboratory and clinical data of 1474 patients were used in the study. Logistic regression with elastic net regularization (EN) and random forest (RF) models were used as final classifiers. Moreover, we also investigated the contribution of utilized features towards latent representations via mutual information analysis. HAE Latent representations model achieved decent performance with an area under ROC curve of 0.921 (±0.027) and 0.910 (±0.036) with EN and RF predictors, respectively, over the hold-out data in comparison with the raw (AUC EN: 0.913 (±0.022); RF: 0.903 (±0.020)) models. The study aims to provide an interpretable feature engineering framework for the medical environment with the potential to integrate imaging data for efficient feature engineering in rapid triage and other clinical predictive models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Mahdavi
- grid.411600.2Department of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Physiology, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G1Y6 Canada
| | - Hadi Choubdar
- grid.411600.2Department of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Physiology, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G1Y6 Canada
| | - Zahra Rostami
- grid.411600.2Department of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Niroomand
- grid.411600.2Department of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alexandra T. Levine
- grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7 Canada
| | - Alireza Fatemi
- grid.411600.2Department of Internal Medicine, Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Bolhasani
- grid.411750.60000 0001 0454 365XDepartment of Physics, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 81746-73441 Iran
| | - Abdol-Hossein Vahabie
- grid.46072.370000 0004 0612 7950Cognitive Systems Laboratory, Control and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence (CIPCE), School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran ,grid.46072.370000 0004 0612 7950Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran ,grid.502999.ePasargad Institute for Advanced Innovative Solutions (PIAIS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Stephen G. Lomber
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Physiology, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G1Y6 Canada
| | - Yaser Merrikhi
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC, H3G1Y6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mohamed Afif A, Abdul Razak H, Choong AWD. COVID-19 pandemic experience of diagnostic radiographers: A Singapore survey. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2023; 54:S62-S69. [PMID: 36842892 PMCID: PMC9910016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diagnostic Radiographers (DR) are the frontline responders during the COVID-19 outbreak, providing essential diagnostic imaging services for screening and monitoring of suspected and confirmed patients. Understanding the experience and perceptions of DR towards the COVID-19 outbreak enables radiography leaders to guide changes in the approach to managing response to future health outbreaks. This study aims to document the experiences of DR in Singapore during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS All DR practising in Singapore institutions were invited to participate in an online survey, disseminated by the Singapore Society of Radiographers (SSR). The survey assessed the attitudes and perceptions of the respondents on the COVID-19 pandemic. The Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale was used to identify the respondents' life events closely related to the pandemic. Data collection took place from 5 July 2020 to 5 September 2020. RESULTS A total of 123 DR responded to the survey, where 89.4% of the respondents had been involved in the imaging of suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients. Those performing General Radiography had the highest number of cases - 300 cases a month. The fear of transmitting COVID-19 to their family presented as the primary stressor (77.2%), followed by the lack of manpower (73.2%). The global themes that emerged from the study were (1) adapting to change and (2) quality of support. CONCLUSION Radiology departments in Singapore were able to cope with the high demands of the pandemic in terms of the provision of information, supplies, and physical equipment. However, they were less prepared to handle human factors such as mental health and staff morale. The safety and well-being of staff should not be compromised to reduce staff anxiety while performing their duties. Strategies to improve their ability to adapt to changes and provision of quality support are necessary measures in future pandemic situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Mohamed Afif
- Radiography Department, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.
| | - H Abdul Razak
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - AWD Choong
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jimenez YA, Hill S, Lewis SJ. Infection prevention and control in medical imaging surveys: The need to map to guidelines to address systemic issues? Infect Dis Health 2023; 28:102-114. [PMID: 36707351 DOI: 10.1016/j.idh.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection prevention and control (IPC) in the medical imaging (MI) setting is recognised as an important factor in providing high-quality patient care and safe working conditions. Surveys are commonly used and have advantages for IPC research. The aim of this study was to identify the core concepts in surveys published in the literature that examined IPC in MI environments. METHODS A literature review was conducted to identify studies that employed a survey relating to IPC in the MI setting. For each included study, descriptive study information and survey information were extracted. For IPC-specific survey items, directed content analysis was undertaken, using eleven pre-determined codes based on the 'Australian Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of Infection in Healthcare'. Content that related to 'Knowledge', 'Attitudes' and 'Practice' were also identified. RESULTS A total of 23 studies and 21 unique surveys were included in this review. IPC-specific survey items assessed diverse dimensions of IPC, most commonly relating to 'transmission-based precautions' and 'applying standard and transmission-based precautions during procedures'. 'Practice' and 'Knowledge' related survey items were most frequent, compared to 'Attitudes'. CONCLUSION MI research using survey methods have focused on the 'entry' points of IPC, rather than systemic IPC matters around policy, education, and stewardship. The concepts of 'Knowledge', 'Attitudes' and 'Practice' are integrated in IPC surveys in the MI context, with a greater focus evident on staff knowledge and practice. Existing topics within IPC surveys in MI are tailored to individual studies and locales, with lack of consistency to national frameworks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yobelli A Jimenez
- Susan Wakil Health Building (D18), Western Avenue, University of Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia.
| | - Suzanne Hill
- Susan Wakil Health Building (D18), Western Avenue, University of Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Sarah J Lewis
- Susan Wakil Health Building (D18), Western Avenue, University of Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xiberta P, Boada I, Thió-Henestrosa S, Pedraza S, Pineda V. Asynchronous online learning as a key tool to adapt to new educational needs in radiology during the COVID-19 pandemic. MEDICAL EDUCATION ONLINE 2022; 27:2118116. [PMID: 36066086 PMCID: PMC9467610 DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2022.2118116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The risk of contagion and the lockdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic forced a change in teaching methodologies in radiology. New knowledge about the disease that was being acquired on a daily basis needed to be rapidly spread worldwide, but the restrictions imposed made it difficult to share this information. This paper describes the methodology applied to design and launch a practice-based course on chest X-ray suggestive of COVID-19 right after the pandemic started, and aims to determine whether asynchronous online learning tools for radiology education are useful and acceptable to general practitioners and other medical personnel during a pandemic. The study was carried out from April to October 2020 and involved 2632 participants. Pre- and post-testing was used to assess the participants' gain of knowledge in the course content (paired t-tests and chi-squared tests of independence). A five-point Likert scale questionnaire inspired by the technological acceptance model (TAM) was provided to evaluate the e-learning methodology (ANOVA tests). The results from the pre- and post-tests showed that there were significant differences in the scores before and after completing the course (sample size = 2632, response rate = 56%, p<0.001). As for the questionnaire, all questions surpassed 4.5 out of 5, including those referring to perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, and no significant differences were found between experienced and inexperienced participants (sample size = 2535, response rate = 53%, p=0.85). The analysis suggests that the applied methodology is flexible enough to adapt to complex situations, and is useful to improve knowledge on the subject of the course. Furthermore, a wide acceptance of the teaching methodology is confirmed for all technological profiles, pushing for and endorsing a more widespread use of online platforms in the domain of radiology continuing education.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pau Xiberta
- Graphics and Imaging Laboratory, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Catalonia
| | - Imma Boada
- Graphics and Imaging Laboratory, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Catalonia
| | - Santiago Thió-Henestrosa
- Departament d’Informàtica, Matemàtica Aplicada i Estadística, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Catalonia
| | - Salvador Pedraza
- Centre de Diagnòstic per la Imatge, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia
| | - Víctor Pineda
- Department of Radiology and IDIBGI, Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta (Institut de Diagnòstic per la Imatge), Girona, Catalonia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rossi C, Ruggiero R, Sportiello L, Pentella C, Gaio M, Pinto A, Rafaniello C. Did the COVID-19 Pandemic Affect Contrast Media-Induced Adverse Drug Reaction’s Reporting? A Pharmacovigilance Study in Southern Italy. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11175104. [PMID: 36079034 PMCID: PMC9457281 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11175104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical imaging is required for a complete clinical evaluation to identify lung involvement or pulmonary embolism during SARS-CoV-2 infection or pulmonary and cardiovascular sequelae. Contrast media (CM) have undoubtedly been useful in clinical practice due to their ability to improve medical imaging in COVID-19 patients. Considering their important use, especially in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, and that increased use of a medical tool could also be associated with its deeper knowledge, we chose to explore if new information emerged regarding CM safety profiles. We analyzed all Individual Case Safety Reports (ICSRs) validated by Campania Pharmacovigilance Regional Centre from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2021 and reported a CM (ATC code V08) as a suspected drug. We compared CM-related reporting between 2 years before (period 1) and 2 years during (period 2) the COVID-19 pandemic. From our analysis, it emerged that, during the COVID-19 pandemic, CM-related ADR reporting decreased, but a significant increase in reporting of serious cases emerged. Serious ADRs were mainly related to iodinated CM (V08A ATC) compared to magnetic resonance imaging CM (V08C ATC). Cutaneous and respiratory disorders were the most frequently reported in both periods. No new or unknown ADRs were reported in the overall study period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Rossi
- Department of Radiology, CTO Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera dei Colli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosanna Ruggiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Campania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Liberata Sportiello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Campania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ciro Pentella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Campania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Gaio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Campania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Pinto
- Department of Radiology, CTO Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera dei Colli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Concetta Rafaniello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Campania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, 80138 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alafeef M, Pan D. Diagnostic Approaches For COVID-19: Lessons Learned and the Path Forward. ACS NANO 2022; 16:11545-11576. [PMID: 35921264 PMCID: PMC9364978 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c01697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a transmitted respiratory disease caused by the infection of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although humankind has experienced several outbreaks of infectious diseases, the COVID-19 pandemic has the highest rate of infection and has had high levels of social and economic repercussions. The current COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the limitations of existing virological tests, which have failed to be adopted at a rate to properly slow the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2. Pandemic preparedness has developed as a focus of many governments around the world in the event of a future outbreak. Despite the largely widespread availability of vaccines, the importance of testing has not diminished to monitor the evolution of the virus and the resulting stages of the pandemic. Therefore, developing diagnostic technology that serves as a line of defense has become imperative. In particular, that test should satisfy three criteria to be widely adopted: simplicity, economic feasibility, and accessibility. At the heart of it all, it must enable early diagnosis in the course of infection to reduce spread. However, diagnostic manufacturers need guidance on the optimal characteristics of a virological test to ensure pandemic preparedness and to aid in the effective treatment of viral infections. Nanomaterials are a decisive element in developing COVID-19 diagnostic kits as well as a key contributor to enhance the performance of existing tests. Our objective is to develop a profile of the criteria that should be available in a platform as the target product. In this work, virus detection tests were evaluated from the perspective of the COVID-19 pandemic, and then we generalized the requirements to develop a target product profile for a platform for virus detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maha Alafeef
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental
Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Interdisciplinary
Health Sciences Facility, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250,
United States
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear
Medicine and Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis,
University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Health Sciences
Research Facility III, 670 W Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201,
United States
- Department of Bioengineering, the
University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801,
United States
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Jordan
University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110,
Jordan
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental
Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Interdisciplinary
Health Sciences Facility, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250,
United States
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear
Medicine and Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis,
University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Health Sciences
Research Facility III, 670 W Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201,
United States
- Department of Bioengineering, the
University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801,
United States
| |
Collapse
|