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Sesso J, Walston J, Bandeen-Roche K, Wu C, Bertoni AG, Shah S, Lima JAC, Ambale-Venkatesh B. Association of Cardiovascular Fibrosis, Remodeling, and Dysfunction With Frailty, Prefrailty, and Functional Performance: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glae142. [PMID: 38795337 PMCID: PMC11200193 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glae142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease is associated with higher incidence of frailty. However, the nature of the mechanisms underlying this association remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to identify cardiovascular phenotypes most associated with physical frailty and functional performance in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). METHODS As part of the MESA study, 3 045 participants underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance and computed tomography between 2010 and 2012. Of these, 1 743 completed a Six-Minute Walk test (6MWT) and questionnaires (follow-up exam: 2016-2018) which were used to generate a binary combined frail/prefrail versus robust score according to a modified FRAIL Scale (self-report questionnaire). Multivariable logistic (binary frail outcome) or linear (6MWT) regression assessed the association between frailty and cardiovascular structure and function, aortic stiffness, coronary artery calcium, and myocardial fibrosis (ECV, extracellular volume fraction). RESULTS Participants were 66 ± 8 years, 52% female at the time of imaging, and 29.4% were classified as frail or prefrail. Older age and female gender were associated with greater odds of being in the frail/prefrail group. Concentric left ventricular remodeling (odds ratio [OR] 1.89, p = .008; Coef. -52.9, p < .001), increased ECV (OR 1.10, p = .002; Coef. -4.0, p = .001), and worsening left atrial strain rate at early diastole (OR 1.56, p ≤ .001; Coef. -22.75, p = .027) were found to be associated with a greater likelihood of being in a frail state and lower 6MWT distance (m). All associations with 6MWT performance were attenuated with adjustments for risk factors whereas ECV and LA strain rate remained independently associated with frailty. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest a significant overlap in pathways associated with subclinical cardiac dysfunction, cardiovascular fibrosis, and physical frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Sesso
- Department of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeremy Walston
- Center on Aging and Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Geriatric Medicine & Gerontology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Karen Bandeen-Roche
- Center on Aging and Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Colin Wu
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alain G Bertoni
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sanjiv Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joao A C Lima
- Department of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Koh JYP, Li S, Koh AS. Precision Measurement of Telomere Length as a Future Guide to Improve CVD Interventions. JAMA Cardiol 2024; 9:305. [PMID: 38198169 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2023.5006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Yu Peng Koh
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Shang Li
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Angela S Koh
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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Liu Z, Liu G, Wang Y, Zheng C, Guo Y. Association between skeletal muscle and left ventricular mass in patients with hyperthyroidism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1301529. [PMID: 38356960 PMCID: PMC10864587 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1301529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to investigate the relationship between skeletal muscle and left ventricular mass (LVM) in patients with hyperthyroidism, providing theoretical and data-based foundations for further research on the interaction between secondary muscle atrophy and cardiac remodeling. Methods A retrospective data collection was conducted, including 136 patients with hyperthyroidism (Study group) and 50 healthy participants (control group). The Study group was further divided into Group A (high LVM) and Group B (low LVM) based on LVM size. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to examine the correlation between skeletal muscle and LVM, with model evaluation. Based on the results, further nonlinear regression analysis was conducted to explore the detailed relationship between skeletal muscle and LVM. Results Compared to the control group, the Study group exhibited significantly lower LVM, skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) (P<0.05). Within the subgroups, Group A had significantly higher SMI, SMM, and hand grip strength compared to Group B (P<0.05). The results of the multiple linear regression showed a certain correlation between SMI (β=0.60, P=0.042, 95% CI=0.02~1.17) and hand grip strength (β=0.34, P=0.045, 95% CI=0.01~0.67) with LVM. However, the residuals of the multiple regression did not follow a normal distribution (K-S=2.50, P<0.01). Further results from a generalized linear model and structural equation modeling regression also demonstrated a correlation between SMI (β=0.60, P=0.040, 95% CI=0.03~1.17) (β=0.60, P=0.042, 95% CI=0.02~1.17) and hand grip strength (β=0.34, P=0.043, 95% CI=0.01~0.67) (β=0.34, P=0.045, 95% CI=0.01~0.67) with LVM. Conclusion Patients with hyperthyroidism may exhibit simultaneous decreases in LVM, SMM, and SMI. The LVM in patients is correlated with SMM and hand grip strength, highlighting the need for further exploration of the causal relationship and underlying mechanisms. These findings provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of secondary sarcopenia and cardiac pathology in patients with hyperthyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenchao Liu
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Guang Liu
- Shandong Provincial Sports Center, Shandong Administration of Sports, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanzhi Wang
- Academic Affairs Office, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Chongwen Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yunliang Guo
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Duggan E, Knight SP, Xue F, Romero-Ortuno R. Haemodynamic Parameters Underlying the Relationship between Sarcopenia and Blood Pressure Recovery on Standing. J Clin Med 2023; 13:18. [PMID: 38202023 PMCID: PMC10779883 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia, delayed blood pressure (BP) recovery following standing, and orthostatic hypotension (OH) pose significant clinical challenges associated with ageing. While prior studies have established a link between sarcopenia and impaired BP recovery and OH, the underlying haemodynamic mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS We enrolled 107 participants aged 50 and above from a falls and syncope clinic, conducting an active stand test with continuous non-invasive haemodynamic measurements. Hand grip strength and five-chair stand time were evaluated, and muscle mass was estimated using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Participants were categorised as non-sarcopenic or sarcopenic. Employing mixed-effects linear regression, we modelled the effect of sarcopenia on mean arterial pressure and heart rate after standing, as well as Modelflow®-derived parameters such as cardiac output, total peripheral resistance, and stroke volume, while adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Sarcopenia was associated with diminished recovery of mean arterial pressure during the 10-20 s period post-standing (β -0.67, p < 0.001). It also resulted in a reduced ascent to peak (0-10 s) and recovery from peak (10-20 s) of cardiac output (β -0.05, p < 0.001; β 0.06, p < 0.001). Furthermore, sarcopenia was associated with attenuated recovery (10-20 s) of total peripheral resistance from nadir (β -0.02, p < 0.001) and diminished recovery from peak (10-20 s) of stroke volume (β 0.54, p < 0.001). Notably, heart rate did not exhibit a significant association with sarcopenia status at any time interval post-standing. CONCLUSION The compromised BP recovery observed in sarcopenia appears to be driven by an initial reduction in the peak of cardiac output, followed by attenuated recovery of cardiac output from its peak and total peripheral resistance from its nadir. This cardiac output finding seems to be influenced by stroke volume rather than heart rate. Possible mechanisms for these findings include cardio-sarcopenia, the impact of sarcopenia on the autonomic nervous system, and/or the skeletal muscle pump.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin Duggan
- Discipline of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
- Falls and Syncope Unit (FASU), Mercer’s Institute for Successful Ageing, St James’s Hospital, D08 KC95 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Silvin P. Knight
- Discipline of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Feng Xue
- Discipline of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Roman Romero-Ortuno
- Discipline of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
- Falls and Syncope Unit (FASU), Mercer’s Institute for Successful Ageing, St James’s Hospital, D08 KC95 Dublin, Ireland
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Rivera FB, Escolano BT, Nifas FM, Choi S, Carado GP, Lerma E, Vijayaraghavan K, Yu MG. Interrelationship of Sarcopenia and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Review of Potential Mechanisms and Management. J ASEAN Fed Endocr Soc 2023; 39:69-78. [PMID: 38863922 PMCID: PMC11163321 DOI: 10.15605/jafes.039.01.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia refers to an age-related reduction of lean body mass. It showed a reciprocal relationship with cardiovascular diseases. Thus, it is imperative to explore pathophysiological mechanisms explaining the relationship between sarcopenia and cardiovascular diseases, along with the clinical assessment, and associated management. In this review, we discuss how processes such as inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, neural and hormonal modifications, as well as other metabolic disturbances influence sarcopenia as well as its association with cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, this review provides an overview of both non-pharmacological and pharmacological management for patients with sarcopenia and cardiovascular diseases, with a focus on the potential role of cardiovascular drugs to mitigate sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sarang Choi
- Ateneo de Manila School of Medicine and Public Health, Pasig City, Philippines
| | - Genquen Philip Carado
- College of Medicine, University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center, Philippines
| | - Edgar Lerma
- Section of Nephrology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Marc Gregory Yu
- Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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Cacciatore S, Marzetti E. Sarcopenia and physical function: Proxies of overall health and predictors of mortality in older adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 112:105037. [PMID: 37086681 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Cacciatore
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
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Liu M, Wang Y, Shi W, Yang C, Wang Q, Chen J, Li J, Chen B, Sun G. PCDH7 as the key gene related to the co-occurrence of sarcopenia and osteoporosis. Front Genet 2023; 14:1163162. [PMID: 37476411 PMCID: PMC10354703 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1163162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia and osteoporosis, two degenerative diseases in older patients, have become severe health problems in aging societies. Muscles and bones, the most important components of the motor system, are derived from mesodermal and ectodermal mesenchymal stem cells. The adjacent anatomical relationship between them provides the basic conditions for mechanical and chemical signals, which may contribute to the co-occurrence of sarcopenia and osteoporosis. Identifying the potential common crosstalk genes between them may provide new insights for preventing and treating their development. In this study, DEG analysis, WGCNA, and machine learning algorithms were used to identify the key crosstalk genes of sarcopenia and osteoporosis; this was then validated using independent datasets and clinical samples. Finally, four crosstalk genes (ARHGEF10, PCDH7, CST6, and ROBO3) were identified, and mRNA expression and protein levels of PCDH7 in clinical samples from patients with sarcopenia, with osteoporosis, and with both sarcopenia and osteoporosis were found to be significantly higher than those from patients without sarcopenia or osteoporosis. PCDH7 seems to be a key gene related to the development of both sarcopenia and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchong Liu
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongheng Wang
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wentao Shi
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chensong Yang
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qidong Wang
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyao Chen
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Li
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingdi Chen
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guixin Sun
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Dowling P, Gargan S, Swandulla D, Ohlendieck K. Fiber-Type Shifting in Sarcopenia of Old Age: Proteomic Profiling of the Contractile Apparatus of Skeletal Muscles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2415. [PMID: 36768735 PMCID: PMC9916839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and concomitant reduction in contractile strength plays a central role in frailty syndrome. Age-related neuronal impairments are closely associated with sarcopenia in the elderly, which is characterized by severe muscular atrophy that can considerably lessen the overall quality of life at old age. Mass-spectrometry-based proteomic surveys of senescent human skeletal muscles, as well as animal models of sarcopenia, have decisively improved our understanding of the molecular and cellular consequences of muscular atrophy and associated fiber-type shifting during aging. This review outlines the mass spectrometric identification of proteome-wide changes in atrophying skeletal muscles, with a focus on contractile proteins as potential markers of changes in fiber-type distribution patterns. The observed trend of fast-to-slow transitions in individual human skeletal muscles during the aging process is most likely linked to a preferential susceptibility of fast-twitching muscle fibers to muscular atrophy. Studies with senescent animal models, including mostly aged rodent skeletal muscles, have confirmed fiber-type shifting. The proteomic analysis of fast versus slow isoforms of key contractile proteins, such as myosin heavy chains, myosin light chains, actins, troponins and tropomyosins, suggests them as suitable bioanalytical tools of fiber-type transitions during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Stephen Gargan
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Dieter Swandulla
- Institute of Physiology, University of Bonn, D53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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