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Sung J, Rajendraprasad SS, Philbrick KL, Bauer BA, Gajic O, Shah A, Laudanski K, Bakken JS, Skalski J, Karnatovskaia LV. The human gut microbiome in critical illness: disruptions, consequences, and therapeutic frontiers. J Crit Care 2024; 79:154436. [PMID: 37769422 PMCID: PMC11034825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2023.154436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
With approximately 39 trillion cells and over 20 million genes, the human gut microbiome plays an integral role in both health and disease. Modern living has brought a widespread use of processed food and beverages, antimicrobial and immunomodulatory drugs, and invasive procedures, all of which profoundly disrupt the delicate homeostasis between the host and its microbiome. Of particular interest is the human gut microbiome, which is progressively being recognized as an important contributing factor in many aspects of critical illness, from predisposition to recovery. Herein, we describe the current understanding of the adverse impacts of standard intensive care interventions on the human gut microbiome and delve into how these microbial alterations can influence patient outcomes. Additionally, we explore the potential association between the gut microbiome and post-intensive care syndrome, shedding light on a previously underappreciated avenue that may enhance patient recuperation following critical illness. There is an impending need for future epidemiological studies to encompass detailed phenotypic analyses of gut microbiome perturbations. Interventions aimed at restoring the gut microbiome represent a promising therapeutic frontier in the quest to prevent and treat critical illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyun Sung
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Kemuel L Philbrick
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brent A Bauer
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ognjen Gajic
- Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Aditya Shah
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Krzysztof Laudanski
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Johan S Bakken
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Luke's Hospital, Duluth, MN, United States of America
| | - Joseph Skalski
- Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Ma L, Ji L, Wang T, Zhai Z, Su P, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhao W, Wu Z, Yu H, Zhao H. Research progress on the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine regulating intestinal microbiota to combat influenza a virus infection. Virol J 2023; 20:260. [PMID: 37957630 PMCID: PMC10644525 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02228-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAV) are a prevalent respiratory pathogen that can cause seasonal flu and global pandemics, posing a significant global public health threat. Emerging research suggests that IAV infections may disrupt the balance of gut microbiota, while gut dysbiosis can affect disease progression in IAV patients. Therefore, restoring gut microbiota balance may represent a promising therapeutic target for IAV infections. Traditional Chinese medicine, with its ability to regulate gut microbiota, offers significant potential in preventing and treating IAV. This article provides a comprehensive review of the relationship between IAV and gut microbiota, highlighting the impact of gut microbiota on IAV infections. It also explores the mechanisms and role of traditional Chinese medicine in regulating gut microbiota for the prevention and treatment of IAV, presenting novel research avenues for traditional Chinese medicine-based IAV treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- LanYing Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shangdong Province, China
| | - Lingyun Ji
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tong Wang
- School of Nursing, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhe Zhai
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shangdong Province, China
| | - PeiWei Su
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shangdong Province, China
| | - YaNan Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shangdong Province, China
- Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shangdong Province, China
- Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - WenXiao Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shangdong Province, China
- School of Nursing, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - ZhiChun Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shangdong Province, China
- Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - HuaYun Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shangdong Province, China
- Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - HaiJun Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shangdong Province, China.
- Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
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Kim J, Lee S, Moodley Y, Yagnik L, Birnie D, Dwivedi G. The role of the host-microbiome and metabolomics in sarcoidosis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C1336-C1353. [PMID: 37746695 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00316.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a complex inflammatory fibrotic disease that affects multiple organ systems. It is characterized by the infiltration of lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes, which form non-caseating granulomas in affected organs. The lungs and intrathoracic lymph nodes are the most commonly affected organs. The underlying cause of sarcoidosis is unknown, but it is believed to occur in genetically predisposed individuals who are exposed to pathogenic organisms, environmental contaminants, or self and non-self-antigens. Recent research has suggested that the microbiome may play a role in the development of respiratory conditions, including sarcoidosis. Additionally, metabolomic studies have identified potential biomarkers for monitoring sarcoidosis progression. This review will focus on recent microbiome and metabolomic findings in sarcoidosis, with the goal of shedding light on the pathogenesis and possible diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwoo Kim
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Silvia Lee
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Yuben Moodley
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lokesh Yagnik
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David Birnie
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Girish Dwivedi
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cardiology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
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Zhu M, Liu S, Zhao C, Shi J, Li C, Ling S, Cheng J, Dong W, Xu J. Alterations in the gut microbiota of AIDS patients with pneumocystis pneumonia and correlations with the lung microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1033427. [PMID: 36339339 PMCID: PMC9634167 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1033427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the inability to be cultured in vitro, the biological characteristics and pathogenicity of Pneumocystis jirovecii remain unclear. Intestinal microflora disorder is related to the occurrence and development of various pulmonary diseases. This work explores the pathogenesis of pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients from a microbiome perspective, to provide better strategies for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of PCP. METHODS Subjects were divided into three groups: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients combined with PCP, HIV-infected patients without PCP, and HIV-negative. Stool and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples were collected, total DNA was extracted, and 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing was performed using an Illumina MiSeq platform. PICRUSt and BugBase were used to predict microflora functions, and correlation analysis of intestinal and lung bacterial flora was conducted. RESULTS Compared with the HIV- group, prevotella and another 21 genera in the intestinal microbiome were statistically different in the HIV+ group; 25 genera including Escherichia-Shigella from HIV+PCP+ group were statistically different from HIV+PCP- group. The abundance of Genera such as Porphyromonas was positively or negatively correlated with CD16/CD56+ (μL). Compared with the HIV- group, identification efficiency based on area under the curve (AUC) >0.7 for the HIV+ group identified seven genera in the gut microbiota, including Enterococcus (total AUC = 0.9519). Compared with the HIV+PCP- group, there were no bacteria with AUC >0.7 in the lung or intestine of the HIV+PCP+ group. The number of shared bacteria between BALF and fecal samples was eight species in the HIV- group, 109 species in PCP- patients, and 228 species in PCP+ patients, according to Venn diagram analysis. Changes in various clinical indicators and blood parameters were also closely related to the increase or decrease in the abundance of intestinal and pulmonary bacteria, respectively. CONCLUSIONS HIV infection and PCP significantly altered the species composition of lung and intestinal microbiomes, HIV infection also significantly affected intestinal microbiome gene functions, and PCP exacerbated the changes. The classification model can be used to distinguish HIV+ from HIV- patients, but the efficiency of bacterial classification was poor between PCP+ and PCP- groups. The microbiomes in the lung and gut were correlated to some extent, providing evidence for the existence of a lung-gut axis, revealing a potential therapeutic target in patients with HIV and PCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Zhu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Microbiology, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sai Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenfei Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinchuan Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaodan Li
- Department of Microbiology, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shisheng Ling
- Research and Development Department, Assure Tech Institute of Medical Device, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianghao Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenkun Dong
- Research and Development Department, Assure Tech Institute of Medical Device, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wenkun Dong, ; Jiru Xu,
| | - Jiru Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Wenkun Dong, ; Jiru Xu,
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