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Huang HW, Chai PR, Lee S, Kerssemakers T, Imani A, Chen J, Heim M, Bo JY, Wentworth A, Sanoudos-Dramaliotis FT, Ballinger I, Maji S, Murphy M, Alexiev A, Kang GH, Fabian N, Jenkins J, Pettinari A, Ishida K, Li J, You SS, Hayward AM, Chandrakasan A, Traverso G. An implantable system for opioid safety. DEVICE 2024; 2:100517. [PMID: 39816527 PMCID: PMC11735030 DOI: 10.1016/j.device.2024.100517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2025]
Abstract
Naloxone can effectively rescue victims from opioid overdose, but less than 5% survive due to delayed or absent first responder intervention. Current overdose reversal systems face key limitations, including low user adherence, false positive detection, and slow antidote delivery. Here, we describe a subcutaneously implanted robotic first responder to overcome these challenges. This implantable system for opioid safety continuously monitors vital signs, detecting opioid overdose through an algorithm analyzing the interplay of cardiorespiratory responses. To address battery concerns with continuous monitoring and multi-sensing modality, an adaptive algorithm dynamically adjusts sensor resolution, reducing the need for frequent charging. Furthermore, the implant includes an ultra-rapid naloxone delivery pump, delivering the 10-mg antidote within 10 s. In animal trials, the robotic first responder successfully revived 96% of overdosed pigs (n = 25) within 3.2 min, showcasing its potential to dramatically improve survival rates and combat the opioid epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hen-Wei Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrated Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Peter R. Chai
- Koch Institute for Integrated Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
- The Fenway Institute, 1340 Boylston St., Boston, MA 02215, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Seungho Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrated Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Tom Kerssemakers
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Ali Imani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Jack Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrated Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Marco Heim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jessica Y. Bo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Adam Wentworth
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrated Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Fokion T. Sanoudos-Dramaliotis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ian Ballinger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Saurav Maji
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matt Murphy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alexander Alexiev
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gloria H. Kang
- Koch Institute for Integrated Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Niora Fabian
- Koch Institute for Integrated Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Josh Jenkins
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Andrew Pettinari
- Koch Institute for Integrated Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Keiko Ishida
- Koch Institute for Integrated Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jason Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrated Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Siheng Sean You
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrated Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alison M. Hayward
- Koch Institute for Integrated Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Anantha Chandrakasan
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Giovanni Traverso
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrated Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Lead contact
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