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Wei X, Shi Y, Wang S, Liu H, Zhang Z, Yu L, Hua W, Cui D, Chen Y, Li X, Wang W. Mucous cell histopathology and label-free quantitative proteomic analysis of skin mucus in fat greenling (Hexagrammos otakii) infected with Vibrio harveyi. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 146:109398. [PMID: 38244822 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Hexagrammos otakii is favored by consumers and aquaculture practitioners because of its strong adaptability and fast growth. However, recently, frequent outbreaks of diseases in the breeding of H. otakii have led to significant economic losses, especially due to bacterial diseases, which limit the healthy breeding of H. otakii. As a luminescent Gram-negative bacterium, Vibrio harveyi is the main pathogenic bacteria of H. otakii. In this study, the histopathology and label-free quantitative proteomics analysis were performed to reveal the changes of skin mucus proteins in H. otakii after infection with V. harveyi. The histopathological changes in the skin of H. otakii showed that when the bacteria were injected into the epithelial cells, it caused an increase in the number of mucous cells and a certain degree of damage and deformation in skin. Moreover, the quantitative proteomics analysis revealed a total of 364 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), and these DEPs were found to be involved in environmental information processing, metabolism, infectious diseases: bacteria, replication and repair. More importantly, the enrichment analysis of the DEPs revealed that these different proteins were mainly targeted immune-related pathways. After infection of bacteria, the host's immune ability will be weakened, causing V. harveyi to enter the organism more easily, resulting in increased mucus in H. otakii, which will eventually lead to a decline in its physical function. These results provided an insight into a series of physiological changes after the bacterial infection of fish at the proteomic level and basic data for further exploration of the potential mechanism of skin mucus. Taken together, the results indicated more opportunities for the future designs and discoveries of effective antibacterial vaccines and antibacterial drugs for H. otakii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Applied Biology and Aquaculture of Northern Fishes in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yanyan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Applied Biology and Aquaculture of Northern Fishes in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Biology and Aquaculture of Northern Fishes in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Biology and Aquaculture of Northern Fishes in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Biology and Aquaculture of Northern Fishes in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lina Yu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Biology and Aquaculture of Northern Fishes in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Wenyuan Hua
- Key Laboratory of Applied Biology and Aquaculture of Northern Fishes in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Dandan Cui
- Key Laboratory of Applied Biology and Aquaculture of Northern Fishes in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Biology and Aquaculture of Northern Fishes in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xuejie Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Biology and Aquaculture of Northern Fishes in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Biology and Aquaculture of Northern Fishes in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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2
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Skåne A, Edvardsen PK, Cordara G, Loose JSM, Leitl KD, Krengel U, Sørum H, Askarian F, Vaaje-Kolstad G. Chitinolytic enzymes contribute to the pathogenicity of Aliivibrio salmonicida LFI1238 in the invasive phase of cold-water vibriosis. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:194. [PMID: 35941540 PMCID: PMC9361615 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02590-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aliivibrio salmonicida is the causative agent of cold-water vibriosis in salmonids (Oncorhynchus mykiss and Salmo salar L.) and gadidae (Gadus morhua L.). Virulence-associated factors that are essential for the full spectrum of A. salmonicida pathogenicity are largely unknown. Chitin-active lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) have been indicated to play roles in both chitin degradation and virulence in a variety of pathogenic bacteria but are largely unexplored in this context. Results In the present study we investigated the role of LPMOs in the pathogenicity of A. salmonicida LFI238 in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). In vivo challenge experiments using isogenic deletion mutants of the two LPMOs encoding genes AsLPMO10A and AsLPMO10B, showed that both LPMOs, and in particular AsLPMO10B, were important in the invasive phase of cold-water vibriosis. Crystallographic analysis of the AsLPMO10B AA10 LPMO domain (to 1.4 Å resolution) revealed high structural similarity to viral fusolin, an LPMO known to enhance the virulence of insecticidal agents. Finally, exposure to Atlantic salmon serum resulted in substantial proteome re-organization of the A. salmonicida LPMO deletion variants compared to the wild type strain, indicating the struggle of the bacterium to adapt to the host immune components in the absence of the LPMOs. Conclusion The present study consolidates the role of LPMOs in virulence and demonstrates that such enzymes may have more than one function.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-022-02590-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Skåne
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Per Kristian Edvardsen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Gabriele Cordara
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1033, NO-0315, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jennifer Sarah Maria Loose
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Kira Daryl Leitl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1033, NO-0315, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ute Krengel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1033, NO-0315, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henning Sørum
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway
| | - Fatemeh Askarian
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Gustav Vaaje-Kolstad
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway.
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Zanuzzo FS, Beemelmanns A, Hall JR, Rise ML, Gamperl AK. The Innate Immune Response of Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar) Is Not Negatively Affected by High Temperature and Moderate Hypoxia. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1009. [PMID: 32536921 PMCID: PMC7268921 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is predicted to increase water temperatures and decrease oxygen levels in freshwater and marine environments, however, there is conflicting information regarding the extent to which these conditions may impact the immune defenses of fish. In this study, Atlantic salmon were exposed to: (1) normoxia (100–110% air saturation) at 12°C; (2) an incremental temperature increase (1°C per week from 12 to 20°C), and then held at 20°C for an additional 4 weeks; and (3) “2” with the addition of moderate hypoxia (~65–75% air saturation). These conditions realistically reflect what farmed salmon in some locations are currently facing, and future conditions in Atlantic Canada and Europe, during the summer months. The salmon were sampled for the measurement of head kidney constitutive anti-bacterial and anti-viral transcript expression levels, and blood parameters of humoral immune function. Thereafter, they were injected with either the multi-valent vaccine Forte V II (contains both bacterial and viral antigens) or PBS (phosphate-buffer-saline), and the head kidney and blood of these fish were sampled at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h post-injection (HPI). Our results showed that: (1) neither high temperature, nor high temperature + moderate hypoxia, adversely affected respiratory burst, complement activity or lysozyme concentration; (2) the constitutive transcript expression levels of the anti-bacterial genes il1β, il8-a, cox2, hamp-a, stlr5-a, and irf7-b were up-regulated by high temperature; (3) while high temperature hastened the peak in transcript expression levels of most anti-bacterial genes by 6–12 h following V II injection, it did not affect the magnitude of changes in transcript expression; (4) anti-viral (viperin-b, mx-b, and isg15-a) transcript expression levels were either unaffected, or downregulated, by acclimation temperature or V II injection over the 48 HPI; and (5) hypoxia, in addition to high temperature, did not impact immune transcript expression. In conclusion, temperatures up to 20°C, and moderate hypoxia, do not impair the capacity of the Atlantic salmon's innate immune system to respond to bacterial antigens. These findings are surprising, and highlight the salmon's capacity to mount robust innate immune responses (i.e., similar to control fish under optimal conditions) under conditions approaching their upper thermal limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio S Zanuzzo
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Anne Beemelmanns
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Jennifer R Hall
- Aquatic Research Cluster, CREAIT Network, Ocean Sciences Centre, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Matthew L Rise
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Anthony K Gamperl
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
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Jiang N, Lyu Q, Han S, Xu X, Walcott RR, Li J, Luo L. Evaluation of suitable reference genes for normalization of quantitative reverse transcription PCR analyses in Clavibacter michiganensis. Microbiologyopen 2019; 8:e928. [PMID: 31578822 PMCID: PMC6925165 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Clavibacter michiganensis, the causal agent of bacterial canker of tomato, is a Gram-positive bacterium and a model for studying plant diseases. The real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (real-time qRT-PCR) assay is widely used to quantify gene expression in plant pathogenic bacteria. However, accurate quantification of gene expression requires stably expressed reference genes that are consistently expressed during the experimental conditions of interest. The use of inappropriate reference genes leads to a misinterpretation of gene expression data and false conclusions. In current study, we empirically assessed the expression stability of six housekeeping genes (gyrB, rpoB, tufA, bipA, gapA, and pbpA) of C. michiganensis under five experimental conditions using two algorithms, geNorm and NormFinder. C. michiganensis expressed gyrB, bipA, and gapA stably when growing in nutrient-rich broth (TBY broth and modified M9 broth). We concluded that pbpA, tufA, and gyrB were suitable reference genes in C. michiganensis-tomato interaction studies. We also recommended bipA and rpoB to be used to study bacterial gene expression under nutrient-poor conditions. Finally, gyrB, pbpA, and rpoB can be used to normalize the quantification of C. michiganensis gene expression while the bacterium is in the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state. This study identified the most suitable reference genes depending on the experimental conditions for calibrating real-time qRT-PCR analyses of C. michiganensis and will be useful in studies that seek to understand the molecular interactions between C. michiganensis and tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Jiang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyang Lyu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sining Han
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ronald R Walcott
- Department of Plant Pathology, 4315 Miller Plant Sciences, the University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jianqiang Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Laixin Luo
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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5
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Aliivibrio salmonicida requires O-antigen for virulence in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Microb Pathog 2018; 124:322-331. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Nørstebø SF, Paulshus E, Bjelland AM, Sørum H. A unique role of flagellar function in Aliivibrio salmonicida pathogenicity not related to bacterial motility in aquatic environments. Microb Pathog 2017; 109:263-273. [PMID: 28602841 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aliivibrio salmonicida is the causative agent of cold-water vibriosis, a septicemia of farmed salmonid fish. The mechanisms of disease are not well described, and few virulence factors have been identified. However, a requirement for motility in the pathogenesis has been reported. Al. salmonicida is motile by the means of lophotrichous polar flagella, consisting of multiple flagellin subunits that are expressed simultaneously. Here we show that flagellin subunit FlaA, but not FlaD, is of major importance for motility in Al. salmonicida. Deletion of flaA resulted in 62% reduction in motility, as well as a reduction in the fraction of flagellated cells and number of flagella per cell. Similarly, deletion of the gene encoding motor protein motA gave rise to an aflagellate phenotype and cessation of motility. Surprisingly, we found that Al. salmonicida does not require motility for invasion of Atlantic salmon. Nevertheless, in-frame deletion mutants defective of motA and flaA were less virulent in Atlantic salmon challenged by immersion, whereas an effect on virulence after i.p. challenge was only seen for the latter. Our results indicate a complex requirement for motility and/or flagellation in the pathogenesis of cold-water vibriosis, but the mechanisms involved remain unknown. We hypothesize that the differences in virulence observed after immersion and i.p. challenge are related to the immune response of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simen Foyn Nørstebø
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 8146 Dep, 0033, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Erik Paulshus
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 8146 Dep, 0033, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ane Mohn Bjelland
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 8146 Dep, 0033, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Henning Sørum
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 8146 Dep, 0033, Oslo, Norway.
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Meng L, Du Y, Liu P, Li X, Liu Y. Involvement of LuxS in Aeromonas salmonicida metabolism, virulence and infection in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 64:260-269. [PMID: 28279794 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Quorum sensing is a bacterial density dependent communication system, which regarded to regulate co-operative behaviors of community and mediated by extracellular signal molecules named autoinducers (AI). Among various signals, autoinducer-2 (AI-2) is believed to be the messengers inter species and produced by LuxS. For Aeromonas salmonicida (A. salmonicida), an opportunistic pathogen to many cold-water teleost, little information has been known about the function of AI-2 and LuxS. Therefore, our aim was to preliminarily clarify the function of LuxS in A. salmonicida. The consequences demonstrated that wild type A. salmonicida exhibited AI-2 activity and luxS defective mutant strain fail to produce AI-2 signals. Furthermore, it was suggested that luxS deficiency could impact bacterial morphology, surface properties and virulence dramatically. Challenge experiment showed a tendency that immune factors expressed earlier when Atlantic salmon was infected with ΔluxS strain. Overall, we hypothesis that AI-2 quorum sensing could regulate the expression of A-layer protein coding gene vapA, and then influence bacterial survival ability when suffered from attack of the host immune system. Though additional studies are warranted, our study will supply a new thinking to control the damage caused by A. salmonicida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjie Meng
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, PR China.
| | - Yishuai Du
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, PR China
| | - Xian Li
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, PR China.
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8
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Kashulin A, Seredkina N, Sørum H. Cold-water vibriosis. The current status of knowledge. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2017; 40:119-126. [PMID: 27072873 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The current review for the first time summarizes the findings of the 30 years of research on cold-water vibriosis (CWV). The diseased caused by Aliivibrio salmonicida (earlier known as Vibrio salmonicida) was for the first time described in 1986 and became one of the most important bacterial diseases in salmon aquaculture. The lack of appropriate vaccine hampered development of Atlantic salmon aquaculture until the late 1980s when a novel vaccine allowed dramatic increase in the Atlantic salmon farming. In December 2007, the genus Vibrio was split into two genera and several bacterial species including V. salmonicida were transferred to genus Aliivibrio. The change of the names create significant difficulties with the designation of the CWV disease agent since its abbreviation A. salmonicida became similar to another well-known salmon pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida (A. salmonicida). The disease was considered as controlled by vaccination, but reappeared at Atlantic salmon farms in 2011, this time affecting vaccinated Atlantic salmon. The current review summarizes the knowledge on pathogenesis, vaccination and treatment of CWV and proposes further directions for studying the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kashulin
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - N Seredkina
- Department of Medical Biology, Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - H Sørum
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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9
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Brugman S, Schneeberger K, Witte M, Klein MR, van den Bogert B, Boekhorst J, Timmerman HM, Boes ML, Kleerebezem M, Nieuwenhuis EES. T lymphocytes control microbial composition by regulating the abundance of Vibrio in the zebrafish gut. Gut Microbes 2014; 5:737-47. [PMID: 25536157 PMCID: PMC4615293 DOI: 10.4161/19490976.2014.972228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbial community is considered a risk factor for development of chronic intestinal inflammation as well as other diseases such as diabetes, obesity and even cancer. Study of the innate and adaptive immune pathways controlling bacterial colonization has however proven difficult in rodents, considering the extensive cross-talk between bacteria and innate and adaptive immunity. Here, we used the zebrafish to study innate and adaptive immune processes controlling the microbial community. Zebrafish lack a functional adaptive immune system in the first weeks of life, enabling study of the innate immune system in the absence of adaptive immunity. We show that in wild type zebrafish, the initial lack of adaptive immunity associates with overgrowth of Vibrio species (a group encompassing fish and human pathogens), which is overcome upon adaptive immune development. In Rag1-deficient zebrafish (lacking adaptive immunity) Vibrio abundance remains high, suggesting that adaptive immune processes indeed control Vibrio species. Using cell transfer experiments, we confirm that adoptive transfer of T lymphocytes, but not B lymphocytes into Rag1-deficient recipients suppresses outgrowth of Vibrio. In addition, ex vivo exposure of intestinal T lymphocytes to Rag1-deficient microbiota results in increased interferon-gamma expression by these T lymphocytes, compared to exposure to wild type microbiota. In conclusion, we show that T lymphocytes control microbial composition by effectively suppressing the outgrowth of Vibrio species in the zebrafish intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Brugman
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Animal Sciences Group, Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands,Correspondence to: Sylvia Brugman;
| | - Kerstin Schneeberger
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Merlijn Witte
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Hubrecht Institute-Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark R Klein
- Laboratory of Pediatric Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bartholomeus van den Bogert
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands,Top Institute Food and Nutrition (TIFN) Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Boekhorst
- NIZO food research, Ede, The Netherlands,Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (CMBI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marianne L Boes
- Laboratory of Pediatric Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Kleerebezem
- Host Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands,NIZO food research, Ede, The Netherlands
| | - Edward ES Nieuwenhuis
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Menanteau-Ledouble S, Soliman H, Kumar G, El-Matbouli M. Use of in vivo induced antigen technology to identify genes from Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida that are specifically expressed during infection of the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:298. [PMID: 25495705 PMCID: PMC4269963 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-014-0298-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aeromonas salmonicida is a major fish pathogen associated with mass mortalities in salmonid fish. In the present study, we applied In Vivo Induced Antigen Technology (IVIAT), a technique that relies on antibodies adsorbed against in vitro cultures of the pathogen, to a clinical isolate of A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. Results The results from IVIAT allowed identification of four proteins that were upregulated in the fish samples: A UDP-3-O-acyl-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase, an RNA polymerase sigma factor D as well as TonB and a hypothetical protein. Subsequent investigations were performed using real-time PCR and cDNA synthesised from infected spleen, liver and anterior kidneys. These confirmed that the transcription level of each of these genes was significantly upregulated during the infection process compared to bacteria in vitro. Conclusions The present studied identified four genes that were upregulated during the infectious process and are likely to play a role in the virulence of A. salmonicida. Because these are antigenic they might constitute potential targets for the development of new vaccine as well as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Menanteau-Ledouble
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinarplatz 1, Vienna, 1210, Austria.
| | - Hatem Soliman
- Fish Medicine and Managements, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, 71515, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Gokhlesh Kumar
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinarplatz 1, Vienna, 1210, Austria.
| | - Mansour El-Matbouli
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinarplatz 1, Vienna, 1210, Austria.
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11
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Ceccarelli D, Colwell RR. Vibrio ecology, pathogenesis, and evolution. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:256. [PMID: 24904566 PMCID: PMC4035559 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ceccarelli
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA
| | - Rita R Colwell
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA ; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD, USA
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