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Srinivasan S, Charan Raja MR, Kar A, Ramasamy A, Jayaraman A, Vadivel V, Kar Mahapatra S. Partial characterization of purified glycoprotein from nutshell of Arachis hypogea L. towards macrophage activation and leishmaniacidal activity. Glycoconj J 2023; 40:1-17. [PMID: 36595117 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-022-10096-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Arachis hypogea L. protein fraction-2 (AHP-F2) from the Peanut shell was extracted and characterized and its potent immunomodulatory and anti-leishmanial role was determined in this present study. AHP-F2 was found to be a glycoprotein as the presence of carbohydrates were confirmed by the analysis of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) yielded glucose, galactose, mannose, and xylose. AHP-F2 molecular mass was found to be ∼28 kDa as indicated in MALDI-TOF and peptide mass fingerprinting analysis followed by Mascot search. The peptide matches revealed the similarity of the mannose/glucose binding lectin with 71.07% in the BLAST analysis. After that, the 3D structure of the AHP-F2 model was designed and validated by the Ramachandran plot. The immunomodulatory role of AHP-F2 was established in murine peritoneal macrophages as induction of nitric oxide (NO), and stimulation of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-12 and IFN-γ) in a dose-dependent manner was observed. Interestingly, it was also found that AHP-F2 has interacted with the innate immune receptor, toll-like receptors (TLRs) as established in molecular docking as well as mRNA expression. The anti-leishmanial potential of AHP-F2 was revealed with a prominent inhibition of amastigote growth within the murine macrophages with prompt induction of nitrite release. Altogether, the isolated AHP-F2 from Arachis hypogea L. has strong immunomodulatory and anti-leishmanial potential which may disclose a new path to treat leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujatha Srinivasan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, 613 401, Thanjavur, India
| | - Mamilla R Charan Raja
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, 613 401, Thanjavur, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, 600 077, Chennai, India
| | - Amrita Kar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, 613 401, Thanjavur, India
| | - Aishwarya Ramasamy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, 613 401, Thanjavur, India
| | - Adithyan Jayaraman
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, 613 401, Thanjavur, India
| | - Vellingiri Vadivel
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, 613 401, Thanjavur, India
| | - Santanu Kar Mahapatra
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, 613 401, Thanjavur, India.
- Department of Paramedical and Allied Health Sciences, Midnapore City College, West Bengal, 721129, Midnapore, India.
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Isolation and characterization of glycoprotein (CNP) isolated from Cocos nucifera L. nutshell and its immunomodulatory role on macrophage activation. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Chen P, De Schutter K, Pauwels J, Gevaert K, Van Damme EJM, Smagghe G. Binding of Orysata lectin induces an immune response in insect cells. INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 29:717-729. [PMID: 34473412 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, plant lectinshave been shown to possess immunomodulatory properties, acting in both the innate and adaptive immune system to modulate the production of mediators of the immune response, ultimately improving host defences. At present, knowledge of immunomodulatory effects of plant lectins in insects is scarce. Treatment of insect cells with the Orysa sativa lectin, Orysata, was previously reported to induce cell aggregation, mimicking the immune process of encapsulation. In this project we investigated the potential immunomodulatory effects of this mannose-binding lectin using Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells. Identification of the Orysata binding partners on the surface of S2 cells through a pull-down assay and proteomic analysis revealed 221 putative interactors, several of which were immunity-related proteins. Subsequent qPCR analysis revealed the upregulation of Toll- and immune deficiency (IMD)-regulated antimicrobial peptides (Drs, Mtk, AttA, and Dpt) and signal transducers (Rel and Hid) belonging to the IMD pathway. In addition, the iron-binding protein Transferrin 3 was identified as a putative interactor for Orysata, and treatment of S2 cells with Orysata was shown to reduce the intracellular iron concentration. All together, we believe these results offer a new perspective on the effects by which plant lectins influence insect cells and contribute to the study of their immunomodulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Chen
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristof De Schutter
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jarne Pauwels
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els J M Van Damme
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Kumar A, Sharma A, Tirpude NV, Padwad Y, Hallan V, Kumar S. Plant-derived immuno-adjuvants in vaccines formulation: a promising avenue for improving vaccines efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 virus. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:1238-1254. [PMID: 36125739 PMCID: PMC9487851 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00418-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has posed a plethora of problems for the global healthcare system and socioeconomic burden. Despite valiant efforts to contain the COVID-19 outbreak, the situation has deteriorated to the point that there are no viable preventive therapies to treat this disease. The case count has skyrocketed globally due to the newly evolved variants. Despite vaccination drives, the re-occurrence of recent pandemic waves has reinforced the importance of innovation/utilization of immune-booster to achieve appropriate long-term vaccine protection. Plant-derived immuno-adjuvants, which have multifaceted functions, can impede infections by boosting the immune system. Many previous studies have shown that formulation of vaccines using plant-derived adjuvant results in long-lasting immunity may overcome the natural tendency of coronavirus immunity to wane quickly. Plant polysaccharides, glycosides, and glycoprotein extracts have reportedly been utilized as enticing adjuvants in experimental vaccines, such as Advax, Matrix-M, and Mistletoe lectin, which have been shown to be highly immunogenic and safe. When employed in vaccine formulation, Advax and Matrix-M generate long-lasting antibodies, a balanced robust Th1/Th2 cytokine profile, and the stimulation of cytotoxic T cells. Thus, the use of adjuvants derived from plants may increase the effectiveness of vaccines, resulting in the proper immunological response required to combat COVID-19. A few have been widely used in epidemic outbreaks, including SARS and H1N1 influenza, and their use could also improve the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines. In this review, the immunological adjuvant properties of plant compounds as well as their potential application in anti-COVID-19 therapy are thoroughly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arbind Kumar
- grid.417640.00000 0004 0500 553XCOVID-19 Testing facility, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, India
| | - Aashish Sharma
- grid.417640.00000 0004 0500 553XCOVID-19 Testing facility, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, India
| | - Narendra Vijay Tirpude
- grid.417640.00000 0004 0500 553XDietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, India
| | - Yogendra Padwad
- grid.417640.00000 0004 0500 553XDietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, India
| | - Vipin Hallan
- grid.417640.00000 0004 0500 553XBiotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- grid.417640.00000 0004 0500 553XCSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, India
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Suarez Carneiro MAM, Silva LDS, Diniz RM, Saminez WFDS, Oliveira PVD, Pereira Mendonça JS, Colasso AHM, Soeiro Silva IS, Jandú JJB, Sá JCD, Figueiredo CSSES, Correia MTDS, Nascimento da Silva LC. Immunomodulatory and anti-infective effects of Cratylia mollis lectin (Cramoll) in a model of wound infection induced by Staphylococcus aureus. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 100:108094. [PMID: 34508942 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This work evaluated the immunomodulatory and anti-infective effects of Cratylia mollis lectin (Cramoll) in a model of wound infection induced by S. aureus. Swiss mice were divided into 3 groups (n = 12/group): non-inoculated (Control group); inoculated with S. aureus (Sa group); inoculated with S. aureus and treated with Cramoll (Sa + Cramoll group). In each animal, one lesion (64 mm2) was induced on the back and contaminated with S. aureus (~4.0 × 106 CFU/wound). The treatment with Cramoll (5 μg/animal/day) started 1-day post-infection (dpi) and extended for 10 days. Clinical parameters (wound size, inflammatory aspects, etc.) were daily recorded; while cytokines levels, bacterial load and histological aspects were determined in the cutaneous tissue at 4th dpi or 11th dpi. The mice infected with S. aureus exhibited a delay in wound contraction and the highest inflammatory scores. These effects were impaired by the treatment with Cramoll which reduced the release of key inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, NO, VEGF) and the bacterial load at wound tissue. Histological evaluations showed a restauration of skin structures in the animals treated with Cramoll. Taken together, these results provide more insights about the healing and immunomodulatory properties of Cramoll and suggest this lectin as a lead compound for treatment of wound infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas Dos Santos Silva
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, 65075-120 São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Roseana Muniz Diniz
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, 65075-120 São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jannyson José Braz Jandú
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Proteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-570 Recife, Brazil
| | - Joicy Cortez de Sá
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, 65075-120 São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Tereza Dos Santos Correia
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Proteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-570 Recife, Brazil
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Gupta A, Gupta GS. Status of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and complement system in COVID-19 patients and therapeutic applications of antiviral plant MBLs. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:2917-2942. [PMID: 33745077 PMCID: PMC7981598 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a virus called "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)." In the majority of patients, infection with COVID-19 may be asymptomatic or may cause only mild symptoms. However, in some patients, there can also be immunological problems, such as macrophage activation syndrome (CSS) that results in cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Comprehension of host-microbe communications is the critical aspect in the advancement of new therapeutics against infectious illnesses. Endogenous animal lectins, a class of proteins, may perceive non-self glycans found on microorganisms. Serum mannose-binding lectin (sMBL), as a part of the innate immune framework, recognizes a wide range of microbial microorganisms and activates complement cascade via an antibody-independent pathway. Although the molecular basis for the intensity of SARS-CoV-2 infection is not generally understood, scientific literature indicates that COVID-19 is correlated with unregulated activation of the complement in terms of disease severity. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), inflammation, and immune paralysis contribute to unregulated complement activation. Pre-existing genetic defects in MBL and their association with complement play a major role in immune response dysregulation caused by SARS-CoV-2. In order to generate anti-complement-based therapies in Covid-19, an understanding of sMBL in immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and complement is therefore essential. This review highlights the role of endogenous sMBL and complement activation during SARS-CoV-2 infection and their therapeutic management by various agents, mainly plant lectins, since antiviral mannose-binding plant lectins (pMBLs) offer potential applications in the prevention and control of viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Gupta
- Chitkara School of Health Sciences, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - G S Gupta
- Department of Biophysics, Sector 25, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Chen P, De Schutter K, Van Damme EJM, Smagghe G. Can Plant Lectins Help to Elucidate Insect Lectin-Mediated Immune Response? INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12060497. [PMID: 34071763 PMCID: PMC8226959 DOI: 10.3390/insects12060497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Lectins are proteins that can recognize and selectively bind specific sugar structures. These proteins are present in all kingdoms of life, including plants, animals, fungi and microorganisms and play a role in a broad range of processes. The interactions between lectins and their target carbohydrates play a primordial role in plant and animal immune systems. Despite being the largest and most diverse taxa on earth, the study of lectins and their functions in insects is lagging behind. To study the role of insect lectins in the immune response, plant lectins could provide an interesting tool. Plant lectins have been well characterized and many of them possess immunomodulatory properties in vertebrate cells. The increasing knowledge on the immunomodulatory effects of plant lectins could complement the missing knowledge on the endogenous insect lectins and contribute to understanding the processes and mechanisms by which lectins participate in insect immunity. This review summarizes existing studies of immune responses stimulated by endogenous or exogenous lectins. Abstract Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that recognize and selectively bind to specific sugar structures. This group of proteins is widespread in plants, animals, and microorganisms, and exerts a broad range of functions. Many plant lectins were identified as exogenous stimuli of vertebrate immunity. Despite being the largest and most diverse taxon on earth, the study of lectins and their functions in insects is lagging behind. In insects, research on lectins and their biological importance has mainly focused on the C-type lectin (CTL) family, limiting our global understanding of the function of insect lectins and their role in insect immunity. In contrast, plant lectins have been well characterized and the immunomodulatory effects of several plant lectins have been documented extensively in vertebrates. This information could complement the missing knowledge on endogenous insect lectins and contribute to understanding of the processes and mechanisms by which lectins participate in insect immunity. This review summarizes existing studies of immune responses stimulated by endogenous or exogenous lectins. Understanding how lectins modulate insect immune responses can provide insight which, in turn, can help to elaborate novel ideas applicable for the protection of beneficial insects and the development of novel pest control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Chen
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (P.C.); (K.D.S.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Kristof De Schutter
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (P.C.); (K.D.S.)
| | - Els J. M. Van Damme
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (P.C.); (K.D.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Nascimento da Silva LC, Mendonça JSP, de Oliveira WF, Batista KLR, Zagmignan A, Viana IFT, Dos Santos Correia MT. Exploring lectin-glycan interactions to combat COVID-19: Lessons acquired from other enveloped viruses. Glycobiology 2021; 31:358-371. [PMID: 33094324 PMCID: PMC7665446 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of a new human coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has imposed great pressure on the health system worldwide. The presence of glycoproteins on the viral envelope opens a wide range of possibilities for application of lectins to address some urgent problems involved in this pandemic. In this work, we discuss the potential contributions of lectins from non-mammalian sources in the development of several fields associated with viral infections, most notably COVID-19. We review the literature on the use of non-mammalian lectins as a therapeutic approach against members of the Coronaviridae family, including recent advances in strategies of protein engineering to improve their efficacy. The applications of lectins as adjuvants for antiviral vaccines are also discussed. Finally, we present some emerging strategies employing lectins for the development of biosensors, microarrays, immunoassays and tools for purification of viruses from whole blood. Altogether, the data compiled in this review highlights the importance of structural studies aiming to improve our knowledge about the basis of glycan recognition by lectins and its repercussions in several fields, providing potential solutions for complex aspects that are emerging from different health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Cláudio Nascimento da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Microbiana, Laboratório de Patogenicidade Bacteriana, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal, Laboratório de Patogenicidade Bacteriana, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
| | - Juliana Silva Pereira Mendonça
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Microbiana, Laboratório de Patogenicidade Bacteriana, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
| | - Weslley Felix de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50.670-901, Brazil
| | - Karla Lílian Rodrigues Batista
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal, Laboratório de Patogenicidade Bacteriana, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
| | - Adrielle Zagmignan
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal, Laboratório de Patogenicidade Bacteriana, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
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Butle AB, Talmale SA, Jadhao VV, Patil MB, Lambat TL. Immunostimulatory and anti-allergic potential of novel heterotrimeric lectin from seeds of Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 171:389-397. [PMID: 33428960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. seeds (ZMS) have been used medicinally as sedative or hypnotic drugs in most of Asian countries. ZMS has significant benefits to the human health. Therefore, we have evaluated immunomodulatory effect of lectin extracted from these ZMSL in both in vitro and in vivo study. Anaphylaxis is a severe life-threatening allergic reaction and Arthus reaction is deposition of immune complex and complement system activation, so we hypothesized that if ZMSL can protect these severe allergic diseases. We have studied the effect of ZMSL on macrophages and Wistar albino rats and confirmed its protective effect against anaphylaxis and Arthus reaction. Results of this study suggest ZMSL have immunostimulatory and antiallergic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin B Butle
- Department of Biochemistry, RashtrasantTukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Suhas A Talmale
- Department of Biochemistry, RashtrasantTukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vivek V Jadhao
- Department of Biochemistry, RashtrasantTukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mandakini B Patil
- Department of Biochemistry, RashtrasantTukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Trimurti L Lambat
- Department of Chemistry, Manoharbhai Patel College of Arts, Commerce & Science, Deori, dist-Gondia 441901, Maharashtra, India.
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Schematic overview of oligosaccharides, with survey on their major physiological effects and a focus on milk ones. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2020.100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Aminnezhad S, Abdi-Ali A, Ghazanfari T, Bandehpour M, Zarrabi M. Immunoinformatics design of multivalent chimeric vaccine for modulation of the immune system in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 85:104462. [PMID: 32682863 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Increasing in drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and high mortality and morbidity rate have become a health challenge worldwide; therefore, developing the novel therapeutic strategies such as immunogenic vaccine candidate are required. Despite a substantial research effort, the future of immunization against P. aeruginosa due to failure in covering two separate stages of infection, and furthermore, inducing ineffective type of immune response, still remains controversial. In this study, immunoinformatics approach was utilized to design multivalent chimeric vaccine from both stages of infection containing Lectin, HIV TAT peptide, N-terminal fragment of exotoxin A and Epi8 of outer membrane protein F (OprF) with hydrophobic linkers which have a high density of B-cell, T Lymphocytes (HTL), T Lymphocytes (CTL), and IFN-γ epitopes. The physicochemical properties, antigenicity, and allergenicity for designed vaccine were analyzed. 3D model generation and refinement further validation of the final vaccine were followed by computational docking with molecular dynamics analyses that demonstrated high- affinity interaction between vaccine and TLR-4. Finally, designed vaccine was in silico cloned in pET22b. We have expected that the designed vaccine able to elucidate innate, humoral and cellular innate immune responses and control the interaction of P. aeruginosa with host and maybe overcome to P. aeruginosa vaccines drawback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sargol Aminnezhad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahya Abdi-Ali
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Tooba Ghazanfari
- Immunoregulation Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mojgan Bandehpour
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboobe Zarrabi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
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Ribeiro CV, Rocha BFB, Oliveira E, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Martins-Filho OA, Murta SMF, Peruhype-Magalhães V. Leishmania infantum induces high phagocytic capacity and intracellular nitric oxide production by human proinflammatory monocyte. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2020; 115:e190408. [PMID: 32321156 PMCID: PMC7164402 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760190408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism of resistance to SbIII in Leishmania is complex, multifactorial and involves not only biochemical mechanisms, but also other elements, such as the immune system of the host. OBJECTIVES In this study, putative changes in the immunological profile of human monocytes infected with wild-type (WT) and antimony (SbIII)-resistant Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum lines were evaluated. METHODS Susceptibility assays WT and SbIII-resistant L. braziliensis and L. infantum were performed using lines THP-1 human monocytic lineage. Phagocytic capacity, cytokine profile, intracellular nitric oxide (NO) production and surface carbohydrate residues profile were performed in peripheral blood monocytes by flow cytometry. FINDINGS The phagocytic capacity and intracellular NO production by classical (CD14++CD16-) and proinflammatory (CD14++CD16+) monocytes were higher in the presence of L. infantum lines compared to L. braziliensis lines. The results also highlight proinflammatory monocytes as the cellular subpopulation of major relevance in a phagocytosis event and NO expression. It is important to note that L. infantum induced a proinflammatory cytokine profile characterised by higher levels of TNF-α in culture supernatant than L. braziliensis. Conversely, both Leishmania lines induce high levels of IL-6 in culture supernatant. Analysis of the expression profile of surface carbohydrates showed that L. braziliensis presents 4.3-fold higher expression of galactose(β1,4)N-acetylglucosamine than L. infantum line. Interestingly, the expression level of α-N-acetylgalactosamine residues was 2-fold lower in the SbIII-resistant L. braziliensis line than its counterpart WT line, indicating differences in surface glycoconjugates between these lines. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that L. braziliensis and L. infantum induce different innate immune responses and a highly inflammatory profile, which is characteristic of infection by L. infantum, the species associated with visceral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana Vargas Ribeiro
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto René Rachou, Grupo de Genômica Funcional e Proteômica de Leishmania spp. e Trypanosoma cruzi, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Bruna Fonte Boa Rocha
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto René Rachou, Grupo de Genômica Funcional e Proteômica de Leishmania spp. e Trypanosoma cruzi, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Edward Oliveira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto René Rachou, Grupo de Genômica Funcional e Proteômica de Leishmania spp. e Trypanosoma cruzi, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Andrea Teixeira-Carvalho
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto René Rachou, Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Olindo Assis Martins-Filho
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto René Rachou, Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Silvane Maria Fonseca Murta
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto René Rachou, Grupo de Genômica Funcional e Proteômica de Leishmania spp. e Trypanosoma cruzi, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Vanessa Peruhype-Magalhães
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto René Rachou, Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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13
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Plant lectins and their usage in preparing targeted nanovaccines for cancer immunotherapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 80:87-106. [PMID: 32068087 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant lectins, a natural source of glycans with a therapeutic potential may lead to the discovery of new targeted therapies. Glycans extracted from plant lectins are known to act as ligands for C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) that are primarily present on immune cells. Plant-derived glycosylated lectins offer diversity in their N-linked oligosaccharide structures that can serve as a unique source of homogenous and heterogenous glycans. Among the plant lectins-derived glycan motifs, Man9GlcNAc2Asn exhibits high-affinity interactions with CLRs that may resemble glycan motifs of pathogens. Thus, such glycan domains when presented along with antigens complexed with a nanocarrier of choice may bewilder the immune cells and direct antigen cross-presentation - a cytotoxic T lymphocyte immune response mediated by CD8+ T cells. Glycan structure analysis has attracted considerable interest as glycans are looked upon as better therapeutic alternatives than monoclonal antibodies due to their cost-effectiveness, reduced toxicity and side effects, and high specificity. Furthermore, this approach will be useful to understand whether the multivalent glycan presentation on the surface of nanocarriers can overcome the low-affinity lectin-ligand interaction and thereby modulation of CLR-dependent immune response. Besides this, understanding how the heterogeneity of glycan structure impacts the antigen cross-presentation is pivotal to develop alternative targeted therapies. In the present review, we discuss the findings on structural analysis of glycans from natural lectins performed using GlycanBuilder2 - a software tool based on a thorough literature review of natural lectins. Additionally, we discuss how multiple parameters like the orientation of glycan ligands, ligand density, simultaneous targeting of multiple CLRs and design of antigen delivery nanocarriers may influence the CLR targeting efficacy. Integrating this information will eventually set the ground for new generation immunotherapeutic vaccine design for the treatment of various human malignancies.
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14
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de Souza Feitosa Lima IM, Zagmignan A, Santos DM, Maia HS, Dos Santos Silva L, da Silva Cutrim B, Vieira SL, Bezerra Filho CM, de Sousa EM, Napoleão TH, Krogfelt KA, Løbner-Olesen A, Paiva PMG, Nascimento da Silva LC. Schinus terebinthifolia leaf lectin (SteLL) has anti-infective action and modulates the response of Staphylococcus aureus-infected macrophages. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18159. [PMID: 31796807 PMCID: PMC6890730 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54616-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is recognized as an important pathogen causing a wide spectrum of diseases. Here we examined the antimicrobial effects of the lectin isolated from leaves of Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (SteLL) against S. aureus using in vitro assays and an infection model based on Galleria mellonella larvae. The actions of SteLL on mice macrophages and S. aureus-infected macrophages were also evaluated. SteLL at 16 µg/mL (8 × MIC) increased cell mass and DNA content of S. aureus in relation to untreated bacteria, suggesting that SteLL impairs cell division. Unlike ciprofloxacin, SteLL did not induce the expression of recA, crucial for DNA repair through SOS response. The antimicrobial action of SteLL was partially inhibited by 50 mM N-acetylglucosamine. SteLL reduced staphyloxathin production and increased ciprofloxacin activity towards S. aureus. This lectin also improved the survival of G. mellonella larvae infected with S. aureus. Furthermore, SteLL induced the release of cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, and TNF-α), nitric oxide and superoxide anion by macrophagens. The lectin improved the bactericidal action of macrophages towards S. aureus; while the expression of IL-17A and IFN-γ was downregulated in infected macrophages. These evidences suggest SteLL as important lead molecule in the development of anti-infective agents against S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrielle Zagmignan
- Programas de Pós-Graduação, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Karen Angeliki Krogfelt
- Department of Viral and Microbial Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Anders Løbner-Olesen
- Department of Biology, Section for Functional Genomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Mishra A, Behura A, Mawatwal S, Kumar A, Naik L, Mohanty SS, Manna D, Dokania P, Mishra A, Patra SK, Dhiman R. Structure-function and application of plant lectins in disease biology and immunity. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 134:110827. [PMID: 31542433 PMCID: PMC7115788 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lectins are proteins with a high degree of stereospecificity to recognize various sugar structures and form reversible linkages upon interaction with glyco-conjugate complexes. These are abundantly found in plants, animals and many other species and are known to agglutinate various blood groups of erythrocytes. Further, due to the unique carbohydrate recognition property, lectins have been extensively used in many biological functions that make use of protein-carbohydrate recognition like detection, isolation and characterization of glycoconjugates, histochemistry of cells and tissues, tumor cell recognition and many more. In this review, we have summarized the immunomodulatory effects of plant lectins and their effects against diseases, including antimicrobial action. We found that many plant lectins mediate its microbicidal activity by triggering host immune responses that result in the release of several cytokines followed by activation of effector mechanism. Moreover, certain lectins also enhance the phagocytic activity of macrophages during microbial infections. Lectins along with heat killed microbes can act as vaccine to provide long term protection from deadly microbes. Hence, lectin based therapy can be used as a better substitute to fight microbial diseases efficiently in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abtar Mishra
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Assirbad Behura
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Shradha Mawatwal
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Lincoln Naik
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Subhashree Subhasmita Mohanty
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Debraj Manna
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Puja Dokania
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342011, India
| | - Samir K Patra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India.
| | - Rohan Dhiman
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India.
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16
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Shah NM, Edey LF, Imami N, Johnson MR. Human labour is associated with altered regulatory T cell function and maternal immune activation. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 199:182-200. [PMID: 31617583 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During human pregnancy, regulatory T cell (Treg ) function is enhanced and immune activation is repressed allowing the growth and development of the feto-placental unit. Here, we have investigated whether human labour is associated with a reversal of the pregnancy-induced changes in the maternal immune system. We tested the hypothesis that human labour is associated with a decline in Treg function, specifically their ability to modulate Toll-like receptor (TLR)-induced immune responses. We studied the changes in cell number, activation status and functional behaviour of peripheral blood, myometrial (myoMC) and cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC) with the onset of labour. We found that Treg function declines and that Treg cellular targets change with labour onset. The changes in Treg function were associated with increased activation of myoMC, assessed by their expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules and CBMC inflammatory cells. The innate immune system showed increased activation, as shown by altered monocyte and neutrophil cell phenotypes, possibly to be ready to respond to microbial invasion after birth or to contribute to tissue remodelling. Our results highlight changes in the function of the adaptive and innate immune systems that may have important roles in the onset of human labour.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Shah
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - L F Edey
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - N Imami
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - M R Johnson
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
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17
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Cavada BS, Pinto-Junior VR, Osterne VJS, Nascimento KS. ConA-Like Lectins: High Similarity Proteins as Models to Study Structure/Biological Activities Relationships. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010030. [PMID: 30577614 PMCID: PMC6337138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lectins are a widely studied group of proteins capable of specific and reversible binding to carbohydrates. Undoubtedly, the best characterized are those extracted from plants of the Leguminosae family. Inside this group of proteins, those from the Diocleinae subtribe have attracted attention, in particular Concanavalin A (ConA), the best-studied lectin of the group. Diocleinae lectins, also called ConA-like lectins, present a high similarity of sequence and three-dimensional structure and are known to present inflammatory, vasoactive, antibiotic, immunomodulatory and antitumor activities, among others. This high similarity of lectins inside the ConA-like group makes it possible to use them to study structure/biological activity relationships by the variability of both carbohydrate specificity and biological activities results. It is in this context the following review aims to summarize the most recent data on the biochemical and structural properties, as well as biological activities, of ConA-like lectins and the use of these lectins as models to study structure/biological activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benildo S Cavada
- BioMol-Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza-CE 60440-970, Brazil.
| | - Vanir R Pinto-Junior
- BioMol-Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza-CE 60440-970, Brazil.
| | - Vinicius J S Osterne
- BioMol-Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza-CE 60440-970, Brazil.
| | - Kyria S Nascimento
- BioMol-Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza-CE 60440-970, Brazil.
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18
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Kang BY, Lee SS, Bang MH, Jeon H, Kim H, Chung DK. Water-based extracts of Zizania latifolia inhibit Staphylococcus aureus infection through the induction of human beta-defensin 2 expression in HaCaT cells. J Microbiol 2018; 56:910-916. [PMID: 30484159 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-018-8307-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Zizania latifolia is a perennial herb belonging to the family Gramineae that has been used as a health food in Asian countries. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial effect of Z. latifolia, which increased human beta-defensin 2 (hBD2) expression in HaCaT cells. hBD2 expression was further increased in cells treated with Z. latifolia extracts and subsequently infected with Staphylococcus aureus. Inversely, S. aureus infection decreased after treatment. The induction of hBD2 in HaCaT cells was mediated by the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling pathway, including the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and activator protein 1 (AP-1). Further study using siRNA revealed that hBD2 played an important role in the inhibition of S. aureus infection in HaCaT cells. Our data suggest that Z. latifolia extracts can be used as an antimicrobial ingredient for skin treatment formulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yeon Kang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Institute of Life Science and Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Su Lee
- Skin Biotechnology Center, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Myun-Ho Bang
- Skin Biotechnology Center, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoik Jeon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Institute of Life Science and Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Hangeun Kim
- Skin Biotechnology Center, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dae Kyun Chung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Institute of Life Science and Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea. .,Skin Biotechnology Center, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Ruas LP, Genaro LM, Justo-Junior AS, Coser LO, de Castro LF, Trabasso P, Mamoni RL, Roque-Barreira MC, Blotta MHSL. Effect of ArtinM on Human Blood Cells During Infection With Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:867. [PMID: 29780375 PMCID: PMC5945982 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by fungi are prominent in our environment and can be potentially fatal. paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), caused by fungi of the Paracoccidioides genus, is the most frequent systemic mycosis in Brazil and the main cause of death among immunocompetent individuals. The antifungal therapy for PCM is usually effective but side effects and relapses are often reported. The latter could be avoided with alternative or complementary therapies aimed at boosting the immune response to combat this pathogen. Recent reports have pointed at the importance of an effective cellular immune response, with the participation of Th1 cells, in the resistance to and control of Paracoccidioides infection. The ArtinM lectin, extracted from jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) seeds, exhibits immunomodulatory activity against several intracellular pathogens, including Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, by promoting the development of a Th1 immune response. The aim of this work was to characterize the effect of ArtinM on peripheral blood cells of patients with PCM and on those of control individuals infected with fungal yeasts cells in vitro. Our results demonstrate that ArtinM activates human neutrophils in vitro, leading to an increase in cytokine production and CD54 expression. ArtinM activated P. brasiliensis-infected neutrophils from both healthy individuals and patients with PCM. This activation was not dependent on the dectin-1 receptor, because pre-incubation with laminarin, a dectin-1 receptor blocker, did not reverse the activated state of the cells. ArtinM also stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to secrete pro-inflammatory Th1-related cytokines, which are protective against Paracoccidioides infection. These data support the immunostimulatory action of ArtinM and encourage new studies using the lectin for the immunotherapy of PCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana P Ruas
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Livia M Genaro
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Amauri S Justo-Junior
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Lilian O Coser
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Lívia F de Castro
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Plinio Trabasso
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ronei L Mamoni
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.,Department of Morphology and Basic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí, Jundiaí, Brazil
| | - Maria-Cristina Roque-Barreira
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Maria-Heloisa S L Blotta
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
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20
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Jandú JJB, Moraes Neto RN, Zagmignan A, de Sousa EM, Brelaz-de-Castro MCA, Dos Santos Correia MT, da Silva LCN. Targeting the Immune System with Plant Lectins to Combat Microbial Infections. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:671. [PMID: 29046636 PMCID: PMC5632806 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The arsenal of drugs available to treat infections caused by eukaryotic and prokaryotic microbes has been declining exponentially due to antimicrobial resistance phenomenon, leading to an urgent need to develop new therapeutic strategies. Host-directed immunotherapy has been reported as an attractive option to treat microbial infections. It consists in the improvement of host defenses by increasing the expression of inflammatory mediators and/or controlling of inflammation-induced tissue injury. Although the in vitro antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities of lectins have been extensively demonstrated, few studies have evaluated their in vivo effects on experimental models of infections. This review aims to highlight the experimental use of immunomodulatory plant lectins to improve the host immune response against microbial infections. Lectins have been used in vivo both prophylactically and therapeutically resulting in the increased survival of mice under microbial challenge. Other studies successfully demonstrated that lectins could be used in combination with parasite antigens in order to induce a more efficient immunization. Therefore, these plant lectins represent new candidates for management of microbial infections. Furthermore, immunotherapeutic studies have improved our knowledge about the mechanisms involved in host–pathogen interactions, and may also help in the discovery of new drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannyson J B Jandú
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Adrielle Zagmignan
- Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M de Sousa
- Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luís C N da Silva
- Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, Brazil
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21
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de Oliveira Figueirôa E, Aranda-Souza MÂ, Varejão N, Rossato FA, Costa RAP, Figueira TR, da Silva LCN, Castilho RF, Vercesi AE, dos Santos Correia MT. pCramoll and rCramoll lectins induce cell death in human prostate adenocarcinoma (PC-3) cells by impairment of mitochondrial homeostasis. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 43:40-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Himatanthus drasticus Leaves: Chemical Characterization and Evaluation of Their Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm, Antiproliferative Activities. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22060910. [PMID: 28561790 PMCID: PMC6152732 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived products have played a fundamental role in the development of new therapeutic agents. This study aimed to analyze antimicrobial, antibiofilm, cytotoxicity and antiproliferative potentials of the extract and fractions from leaves of Himatanthusdrasticus, a plant from the Apocynaceae family. After harvesting, H. drasticus leaves were macerated and a hydroalcoholic extract (HDHE) and fractions were prepared. Antimicrobial tests, such as agar-diffusion, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were carried out against several bacterial species. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogenes and Klebsiella pneumoniae were inhibited by at least one extract or fraction in the agar-diffusion assay (inhibition halos from 12 mm to 30 mm). However, the lowest MIC value was found for HDHE against K. pneumoniae. In addition, HDHE and its fractions were able to inhibit biofilm formation at sub-inhibitory concentrations (780 µg/mL and 1.56 µg/mL). As the best activities were found for HDHE, we selected it for further assays. HDHE was able to increase ciprofloxacin (CIP) activity against K. pneumoniae, displaying synergistic (initial concentration CIP + HDHE: 2 µg/mL + 600 µg/mL and 2.5 µg/mL + 500 µg/mL) and additive effects (CIP + HDHE: 3 µg/mL + 400 µg/mL). This action seems to be associated with the alteration in bacterial membrane permeability induced by HDHE (as seen by propidium iodide labeling). This extract was non-toxic for red blood cell or human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Additionally, it inhibited the lipopolysaccharide-induced proliferation of PBMCs. The following compounds were detected in HDHE using HPLC-ESI-MS analysis: plumieride, plumericin or isoplumericin, rutin, quercetin and derivatives, and chlorogenic acid. Based on these results we suggest that compounds from H. drasticus have antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities against K. pneumoniae and display low cytotoxicity and anti-proliferative action in PBMC stimulated with lipopolysaccharide.
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23
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Jandú JJ, Costa MC, Santos JRA, Andrade FM, Magalhães TF, Silva MV, Castro MCAB, Coelho LCBB, Gomes AG, Paixão TA, Santos DA, Correia MTS. Treatment with pCramoll Alone and in Combination with Fluconazole Provides Therapeutic Benefits in C. gattii Infected Mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:211. [PMID: 28596945 PMCID: PMC5442327 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus gattii is one of the main causative agents of cryptococcosis in immunocompetent individuals. Treatment of the infection is based on the use of antimycotics, however, the toxicity of these drugs and the increase of drug-resistant strains have driven the search for more effective and less toxic therapies for cryptococcosis. pCramoll are isolectins purified from seeds of Cratylia mollis, a native forage plant from Brazil, which has become a versatile tool for biomedical application. We evaluated the effect of pCramoll alone and in combination with fluconazole for the treatment of mice infected with C. gatti. pCramoll alone or in combination with fluconazole increased the survival, reduced the morbidity and improved mice behavior i.e., neuropsychiatric state, motor behavior, autonomic function, muscle tone and strength and reflex/sensory function. These results were associated with (i) decreased pulmonary and cerebral fungal burden and (ii) increased inflammatory infiltrate and modulatory of IFNγ, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17A cytokines in mice treated with pCramoll. Indeed, bone marrow-derived macrophages pulsed with pCramoll had increased ability to engulf C. gattii, with an enhanced production of reactive oxygen species and decrease of intracellular fungal proliferation. These findings point toward the use of pCramoll in combination with fluconazole as a viable, alternative therapy for cryptococcosis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannyson J Jandú
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de PernambucoRecife, Brazil
| | - Marliete C Costa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda M Andrade
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de PernambucoRecife, Brazil
| | - Thais F Magalhães
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Márcia V Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de PernambucoRecife, Brazil
| | - Maria C A B Castro
- Núcleo de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de PernambucoVitória de Santo Antão, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunogenética, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu MagalhãesRecife, Brazil
| | - Luanna C B B Coelho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de PernambucoRecife, Brazil
| | - Aline G Gomes
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tatiane A Paixão
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daniel A Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria T S Correia
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de PernambucoRecife, Brazil
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Marinkovic E, Djokic R, Lukic I, Filipovic A, Inic-Kanada A, Kosanovic D, Gavrovic-Jankulovic M, Stojanovic M. Modulation of functional characteristics of resident and thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal murine macrophages by a recombinant banana lectin. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172469. [PMID: 28235050 PMCID: PMC5325268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrated that a recombinant banana lectin (rBanLec), which structural characteristics and physiological impacts highly resemble those reported for its natural counterparts, binds murine peritoneal macrophages and specifically modulates their functional characteristics. By using rBanLec in concentrations ranging from 1 μg to 10 μg to stimulate resident (RMs) and thioglycollate-elicited (TGMs) peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice, we have shown that effects of rBanLec stimulation depend on its concentration but also on the functional status of macrophages and their genetic background. rBanLec, in a positive dose-dependent manner, promotes the proliferation of TGMs from both BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice, while its mitogenic influence on RMs is significantly lower (BALB/c mice) or not detectable (C57BL/6 mice). In all peritoneal macrophages, irrespective of their type and genetic background, rBanLec, in a positive dose dependent manner, enhances the secretion of IL-10. rBanLec stimulation of RMs from both BALB/c and C57BL/6 resulted in a positive dose-dependent promotion of proinflammatory phenotype (enhancement of NO production and IL-12 and TNFα secretion, reduction of arginase activity). Positive dose-dependent skewing toward proinflammatory phenotype was also observed in TGMs from C57BL/6 mice. However, the enhancement of rBanLec stimulation promotes skewing of TGMs from BALB/c mice towards anti-inflammatory profile (reduction of NO production and IL-12 secretion, enhancement of arginase activity and TGFβ and IL-4 secretion). Moreover, we established that rBanLec binds oligosaccharide structures of TLR2 and CD14 and that blocking of signaling via these receptors significantly impairs the production of TNFα and NO in BALB/c macrophages. Since the outcome of rBanLec stimulation depends on rBanLec concentration as well as on the functional characteristics of its target cells and their genetic background, further studies are needed to investigate its effects under physiological and specific pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilija Marinkovic
- Department of Research and Development; Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera–TORLAK; Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Radmila Djokic
- Department of Research and Development; Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera–TORLAK; Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Lukic
- Department of Research and Development; Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera–TORLAK; Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Filipovic
- Department of Research and Development; Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera–TORLAK; Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Inic-Kanada
- OCUVAC–Center of Ocular Inflammation and Infection, Laura Bassi Centres of Expertise; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna, Austria
| | - Dejana Kosanovic
- Department of Research and Development; Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera–TORLAK; Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Marijana Stojanovic
- Department of Research and Development; Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera–TORLAK; Belgrade, Serbia
- * E-mail:
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Batista J, Ralph MT, Vaz RV, Souza P, Silva AB, Nascimento D, Souza LT, Ramos MV, Mastroeni P, Lima-Filho JV. Plant lectins ConBr and CFL modulate expression toll-like receptors, pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduce the bacterial burden in macrophages infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 25:52-60. [PMID: 28190471 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant lectins have long been used in biomedical research as immunomodulators against tumor cells and microbial infections. PURPOSE To test the ability of plant lectins ConBr (Canavalia brasiliensis) and CFL (Cratylia argentea) to activate antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities of murine peritoneal macrophages (pMØ) infected with a virulent strain of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (STm). METHODS We incubated pMØ with non-toxic amounts of ConBr and CFL either before (preventive schedule) or after (curative schedule) exposure to STm. RESULTS In uninfected pMØ, ConBr and CFL greatly increased levels of mRNA transcripts for IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 and the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOs), but not IL-10 and IL-12. Exposure to naïve splenocytes of culture supernatants of pMØ previously stimulated with CFL resulted in expression of IL-12 and IFN-γ. Both preventive and curative treatment schedules significantly reduced the intracellular load of Salmonella. Experiments in infected macrophages exposed to lectins in the preventive schedule showed that mRNA transcripts for IL-6 and TNF-α were increased by CFL, whereas ConBr enhanced IL-12 (subunit p40). In the curative schedule, CFL induced significant expression of IL-12 (p40) whereas ConBr enhanced expression IL-1β and TNF-α genes. The lectin treatments did not influence on iNOs expression in pMØ infected with STm C5 regardless of the treatment schedule. Curative treatments with CFL increased approximately 130-fold expression of TLR-4 whist expression of TLR-9 was increased by treatments with ConBr. CONCLUSION We conclude that lectins ConBr and CFL have immunomodulatory properties that are beneficial on control of cells infected by Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jec Batista
- Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife-PE, CEP 52171-900 Brazil
| | - M T Ralph
- Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife-PE, CEP 52171-900 Brazil
| | - R V Vaz
- Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife-PE, CEP 52171-900 Brazil
| | - Pfc Souza
- Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife-PE, CEP 52171-900 Brazil
| | - A B Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - Dco Nascimento
- Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife-PE, CEP 52171-900 Brazil
| | - L T Souza
- Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife-PE, CEP 52171-900 Brazil
| | - M V Ramos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - P Mastroeni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES United Kingdom.
| | - J V Lima-Filho
- Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife-PE, CEP 52171-900 Brazil.
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da Cunha CRA, da Silva LCN, Almeida FJF, Ferraz MS, Varejão N, Cartaxo MFDS, de Miranda RDCM, de Aguiar FCA, Santos NPDS, Coelho LCBB, Santos-Magalhães NS, Correia MTDS. Encapsulation into Stealth Liposomes Enhances the Antitumor Action of Recombinant Cratylia mollis Lectin Expressed in Escherichia coli. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1355. [PMID: 27695439 PMCID: PMC5026010 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the in vivo antitumor potential of the recombinant lectin from seeds of Cratylia mollis (rCramoll) expressed in Escherichia coli, free or encapsulated in stealth liposomes, using mice transplanted with sarcoma 180. rCramoll-loaded stealth liposomes (rCramoll-lipo) were formulated by hydration of the lipid film followed by cycles of freezing and thawing, and about 60% of rCramoll was encapsulated. This novel preparation showed particle size, polydispersity index, and pH suitable for the evaluation of antitumor activity in vivo. Tumor growth inhibition rates were 59% for rCramoll and 75% for rCramoll-lipo. Histopathological analysis of the experimental groups showed that both free and encapsulated lectin caused no changes in the kidneys of animals. Hematological analysis revealed that treatment with rCramoll-lipo significantly increased leukocyte concentration when compared with the untreated and rCramoll group. In conclusion, the encapsulation of rCramoll in stealth liposomes improves its antitumor activity without substantial toxicity; this approach was more successful than the previous results reported for pCramoll loaded into conventional liposomes. At this point, a crucial difference between the antitumor action of free and encapsulated rCramoll was found along with their effects on immune cells. Further investigations are required to elucidate the mechanism(s) of the antitumor effect induced by rCramoll.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássia R. A. da Cunha
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Proteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de PernambucoRecife, Brazil
| | - Luís C. N. da Silva
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Proteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de PernambucoRecife, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Universidade CeumaSão Luís, Brazil
| | - Fábio J. F. Almeida
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo-Asami, Universidade Federal de PernambucoRecife, Brazil
| | - Milena S. Ferraz
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo-Asami, Universidade Federal de PernambucoRecife, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Varejão
- Laboratório de Agregação de Proteínas e Amiloidoses, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Luana C. B. B. Coelho
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Proteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de PernambucoRecife, Brazil
| | | | - Maria T. dos Santos Correia
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Proteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de PernambucoRecife, Brazil
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pCramoll and rCramoll as New Preventive Agents against the Oxidative Dysfunction Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:520872. [PMID: 26576224 PMCID: PMC4632182 DOI: 10.1155/2015/520872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the induction of cell death and is associated with various pathologic disorders; therefore, the search for natural products that attenuate the effects produced by oxidant agents is greatly increased. Here, the protective effects of native lectin from Cratylia mollis seeds (pCramoll) and recombinant Cramoll 1 (rCramoll) against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in Vero cells were evaluated. Both lectins significantly attenuated the H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in a concentration-dependent way.
The maximum protective effects were 96.85 ± 15.59% (rCramoll) and 59.48 ± 23.44% (pCramoll). The Live/Dead analysis showed a reduction in the percentage of dead cells from 65.04 ± 3.29% (H2O2) to 39.77 ± 2.93% (pCramoll) and 13.90 ± 9.01% (rCramoll). The deleterious effects of H2O2 on cell proliferation were reduced to 10.83% (pCramoll) and 24.17% (rCramoll). Lectins treatment attenuated the excessive superoxide production, the collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential, and the lysosomal and DNA damage in H2O2-treated cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that pCramoll and rCramoll blocked H2O2-induced cytotoxicity through decreasing reactive oxygen species, restoring the mitochondrial potential, preventing the lysosomal damage and DNA fragmentation, and thus promoting cell survival and proliferation.
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Li J, Li J, Zhang F. The immunoregulatory effects of Chinese herbal medicine on the maturation and function of dendritic cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 171:184-195. [PMID: 26068430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has a long-history for treatment of various human diseases including tumors, infection, autoimmune diseases in Asian countries, especially in China, Japan, Korea and India. CHM was traditionally used as water extracts and many Chinese herbs were considered to be good for health, which can regulate immune system to protect host from diseases. With the progress of technology, the components of CHM were identified and purified, which included polysaccharides, saponins, phenolic compounds, flavonoids and so on. Recently, accumulating evidence indicates that CHM and its components can regulate immune system through targeting dendritic cells (DCs). We hereby reviewed the immunoregulatory effects of CHM on the maturation, cytokine production and function of DCs. This should help to shed light on the potential mechanism of CHM to improve the usage and clinical efficacy of CHM. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literatures about the effects of CHM on DCs were searched in electronic databases such as Pubmed, Google Scholar and Scopus from 2000 to 2014. 'CHM', 'DC' or 'immune' were used as keywords for the searches. We only reviewed literatures published in English. RESULTS Over 600 publications were found about 'CHM&immune' and around 120 literatures about 'CHM&DC' were selected and reviewed in this paper. All publications are backed by preclinical or clinical evidences both in vitro and in vivo. Some CHM and its components promote the maturation, pro-inflammatory cytokine production and function of DCs and as the adjuvant enhance immune responses against tumor and infection. In contrast, other CHM and its components suppress the activation status of DCs to induce regulatory T cells, inhibit allergic and inflammatory responses, ameliorate autoimmune diseases, and prolong the allograft survival. A large body of evidence shows that CHM and its components regulate the activation status of DCs through TLRs, NF-κB, MAPK signaling pathways. CONCLUSION This review provides useful information for understanding the mechanism of CHM on the treatment of diseases, which facilitates to improve the efficacy of CHM. Based on the immunoregulatory effects of CHM on DCs, it indicated that some CHM and its components could be use to develop adjuvant to enhance antigen-specific immune responses or tolerogenic adjuvant to generate antigen-specific immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyao Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 14 Shengli Road, Urumqi 830046, China.
| | - Jinyu Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 14 Shengli Road, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Fuchun Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 14 Shengli Road, Urumqi 830046, China
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Han JW, Jung MG, Shim EY, Shim JB, Kim YM, Kim GH. Functional recombinants designed from a fetuin/asialofetuin-specific marine algal lectin, rhodobindin. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:2183-95. [PMID: 25871294 PMCID: PMC4413206 DOI: 10.3390/md13042183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant lectins have attracted much attention for biomedical applications including targeted drug delivery system and therapy against tumors and microbial infections. The main problem of using lectins as a biomedical tool is a batch-to-batch variation in isoforms content. The production of lectins using recombination tools has the advantage of obtaining high amounts of proteins with more precise properties, but there are only a handful of functional recombinant lectins presently available. A fetuin/asialo-fetuin specific lectin, Rhodobindin, has unique tandem repeats structure which makes it useful in exploiting for recombinant lectin. We developed three functional recombinant lectins using E. coli expression system: one from full cDNA sequence and two from fragmentary sequences of Rhodobindin. Hemagglutinating activity and solubility of the recombinant lectins were highest at OD 0.7 cell concentration at 20 °C. The optimized process developed in this study was suitable for the quality-controlled production of high amounts of soluble recombinant lectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Won Han
- Department of Biology, Kongju National University, Kongju 314-701, Korea; E-Mails: (J.W.H.); (M.G.J.); (E.Y.S.); (J.B.S.); (Y.M.K.)
- Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 427-100, Korea
| | - Min Gui Jung
- Department of Biology, Kongju National University, Kongju 314-701, Korea; E-Mails: (J.W.H.); (M.G.J.); (E.Y.S.); (J.B.S.); (Y.M.K.)
| | - Eun Young Shim
- Department of Biology, Kongju National University, Kongju 314-701, Korea; E-Mails: (J.W.H.); (M.G.J.); (E.Y.S.); (J.B.S.); (Y.M.K.)
| | - Jun Bo Shim
- Department of Biology, Kongju National University, Kongju 314-701, Korea; E-Mails: (J.W.H.); (M.G.J.); (E.Y.S.); (J.B.S.); (Y.M.K.)
| | - Young Min Kim
- Department of Biology, Kongju National University, Kongju 314-701, Korea; E-Mails: (J.W.H.); (M.G.J.); (E.Y.S.); (J.B.S.); (Y.M.K.)
| | - Gwang Hoon Kim
- Department of Biology, Kongju National University, Kongju 314-701, Korea; E-Mails: (J.W.H.); (M.G.J.); (E.Y.S.); (J.B.S.); (Y.M.K.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +82-41-8508504; Fax: +82-41-8508497
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Dias RDO, Machado LDS, Migliolo L, Franco OL. Insights into animal and plant lectins with antimicrobial activities. Molecules 2015; 20:519-41. [PMID: 25569512 PMCID: PMC6272381 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20010519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lectins are multivalent proteins with the ability to recognize and bind diverse carbohydrate structures. The glyco -binding and diverse molecular structures observed in these protein classes make them a large and heterogeneous group with a wide range of biological activities in microorganisms, animals and plants. Lectins from plants and animals are commonly used in direct defense against pathogens and in immune regulation. This review focuses on sources of animal and plant lectins, describing their functional classification and tridimensional structures, relating these properties with biotechnological purposes, including antimicrobial activities. In summary, this work focuses on structural-functional elucidation of diverse lectin groups, shedding some light on host-pathogen interactions; it also examines their emergence as biotechnological tools through gene manipulation and development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata de Oliveira Dias
- SInova, Programa de Pós Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, 79117-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
| | - Leandro Dos Santos Machado
- SInova, Programa de Pós Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, 79117-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
| | - Ludovico Migliolo
- SInova, Programa de Pós Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, 79117-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
| | - Octavio Luiz Franco
- SInova, Programa de Pós Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, 79117-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
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Alegre-Maller ACP, Mendonça FC, da Silva TA, Oliveira AF, Freitas MS, Hanna ES, Almeida IC, Gay NJ, Roque-Barreira MC. Therapeutic administration of recombinant Paracoccin confers protection against paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection: involvement of TLRs. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3317. [PMID: 25474158 PMCID: PMC4256291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paracoccin (PCN) is an N-acetylglucosamine-binding lectin from the human pathogenic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Recombinant PCN (rPCN) induces a T helper (Th) 1 immune response when prophylactically administered to BALB/c mice, protecting them against subsequent challenge with P. brasiliensis. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of rPCN in experimental paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) and the mechanism accounting for its beneficial action. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Four distinct regimens of rPCN administration were assayed to identify which was the most protective, relative to vehicle administration. In all rPCN-treated mice, pulmonary granulomas were less numerous and more compact. Moreover, fewer colony-forming units were recovered from the lungs of rPCN-treated mice. Although all therapeutic regimens of rPCN were protective, maximal efficacy was obtained with two subcutaneous injections of 0.5 µg rPCN at 3 and 10 days after infection. The rPCN treatment was also associated with higher pulmonary levels of IL-12, IFN-γ, TNF-α, nitric oxide (NO), and IL-10, without IL-4 augmentation. Encouraged by the pulmonary cytokine profile of treated mice and by the fact that in vitro rPCN-stimulated macrophages released high levels of IL-12, we investigated the interaction of rPCN with Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Using a reporter assay in transfected HEK293T cells, we verified that rPCN activated TLR2 and TLR4. The activation occurred independently of TLR2 heterodimerization with TLR1 or TLR6 and did not require the presence of the CD14 or CD36 co-receptors. The interaction between rPCN and TLR2 depended on carbohydrate recognition because it was affected by mutation of the receptor's N-glycosylation sites. The fourth TLR2 N-glycan was especially critical for the rPCN-TLR2 interaction. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Based on our results, we propose that PCN acts as a TLR agonist. PCN binds to N-glycans on TLRs, triggers regulated Th1 immunity, and exerts a therapeutic effect against P. brasiliensis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Claudia Paiva Alegre-Maller
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Flávia Costa Mendonça
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Thiago Aparecido da Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Aline Ferreira Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Mateus Silveira Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ebert Seixas Hanna
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Igor C. Almeida
- Border Biomedical Research Center (BBRC), Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nicholas J. Gay
- Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Cristina Roque-Barreira
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
- * E-mail: ,
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Pattern Recognition in Legume Lectins to Extrapolate Amino Acid Variability to Sugar Specificity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-11280-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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