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Alhaddad F, Ahmed T, Jaoua S, Al-Ghouti MA, Al-Thani R, Abu-Dieyeh M. Isolation of the Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus terreus from a Halophyte ( Tetraena qatarensis) and Assessment of Its Potential in Tomato Seedling Protection. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2218. [PMID: 39204654 PMCID: PMC11359961 DOI: 10.3390/plants13162218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Living in diverse environmentally harsh conditions, the plant exhibits a unique survival mechanism. As a result, the endophytes residing within the plant produce specific compounds that promote the plant's growth and defend it against pathogens. Plants and algae symbiotically harbor endophytes, i.e., microbes and microorganisms living within them. The objective of this study is to isolate endophytic fungi, specifically strains of Aspergillus terreus, from the leaves of the salt-tolerant plant Tetraena qatarensis and to explore the salt tolerance, antagonistic activity, and growth promotion properties. Strain C A. terreus (ON117337.1) was screened for salt tolerance and antagonistic effects. Regarding salt tolerance, the isolate demonstrated the ability to thrive in a concentration of up to 10% NaCl. A. terreus showed inhibitory activity against four fungal phytopathogens, namely Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Botrytis cinerea. The GC-MS investigation of the fungal (strain C Aspergillus terreus) extract showed the presence of about 66 compounds (secondary metabolites). Secondary metabolites (SMs) are produced, like Hexadecanoic acid, which aids in controlling phytopathogens. Also produced is lovastatin, which is used to treat hypercholesterolemia. Strain C, which showed salinity tolerance and the highest inhibitory activity, was further analyzed for its effect on tomato seed germination under pathogen stress from Fusarium oxysporum. The greenhouse experiment indicated that the fungi increased the length of tomato seedlings and the plant biomass. Therefore, the selected endophytes derived from Tetraena qatarensis were scrutinized for their potential as biocontrol agents, aiming to thwart fungal pathogens and stimulate plant growth. The in vitro and in vivo assessments of strain C (Aspergillus terreus) against Fusarium oxysporum in this investigation indicate the promising role of endophytes as effective biological control agents. Investigating novel bio-products offers a sustainable approach to agriculture, gradually reducing dependence on chemical fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedae Alhaddad
- Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (F.A.); (R.A.-T.)
| | - Talaat Ahmed
- Environmental Science Center, Research and Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar;
| | - Samir Jaoua
- Environmental Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (S.J.); (M.A.A.-G.)
| | - Mohammad A. Al-Ghouti
- Environmental Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (S.J.); (M.A.A.-G.)
| | - Roda Al-Thani
- Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (F.A.); (R.A.-T.)
| | - Mohammed Abu-Dieyeh
- Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (F.A.); (R.A.-T.)
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Angelini P. Plant-Derived Antimicrobials and Their Crucial Role in Combating Antimicrobial Resistance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:746. [PMID: 39200046 PMCID: PMC11350763 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13080746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance emerged shortly after the discovery of the first antibiotic and has remained a critical public health issue ever since. Managing antibiotic resistance in clinical settings continues to be challenging, particularly with the rise of superbugs, or bacteria resistant to multiple antibiotics, known as multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. This rapid development of resistance has compelled researchers to continuously seek new antimicrobial agents to curb resistance, despite a shrinking pipeline of new drugs. Recently, the focus of antimicrobial discovery has shifted to plants, fungi, lichens, endophytes, and various marine sources, such as seaweeds, corals, and other microorganisms, due to their promising properties. For this review, an extensive search was conducted across multiple scientific databases, including PubMed, Elsevier, ResearchGate, Scopus, and Google Scholar, encompassing publications from 1929 to 2024. This review provides a concise overview of the mechanisms employed by bacteria to develop antibiotic resistance, followed by an in-depth exploration of plant secondary metabolites as a potential solution to MDR pathogens. In recent years, the interest in plant-based medicines has surged, driven by their advantageous properties. However, additional research is essential to fully understand the mechanisms of action and verify the safety of antimicrobial phytochemicals. Future prospects for enhancing the use of plant secondary metabolites in combating antibiotic-resistant pathogens will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Angelini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06122 Perugia, Italy
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Varghese S, Jisha M, Rajeshkumar K, Gajbhiye V, Alrefaei AF, Jeewon R. Endophytic fungi: A future prospect for breast cancer therapeutics and drug development. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33995. [PMID: 39091955 PMCID: PMC11292557 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, breast cancer is a primary contributor to cancer-related fatalities and illnesses among women. Consequently, there is a pressing need for safe and effective treatments for breast cancer. Bioactive compounds from endophytic fungi that live in symbiosis with medicinal plants have garnered significant interest in pharmaceutical research due to their extensive chemical composition and prospective medicinal attributes. This review underscores the potentiality of fungal endophytes as a promising resource for the development of innovative anticancer agents specifically tailored for breast cancer therapy. The diversity of endophytic fungi residing in medicinal plants, success stories of key endophytic bioactive metabolites tested against breast cancer and the current progress with regards to in vivo studies and clinical trials on endophytic fungal metabolites in breast cancer research forms the underlying theme of this article. A thorough compilation of putative anticancer compounds sourced from endophytic fungi that have demonstrated therapeutic potential against breast cancer, spanning the period from 1990 to 2022, has been presented. This review article also outlines the latest trends in endophyte-based drug discovery, including the use of artificial intelligence, machine learning, multi-omics approaches, and high-throughput strategies. The challenges and future prospects associated with fungal endophytes as substitutive sources for developing anticancer drugs targeting breast cancer are also being highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherin Varghese
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - M.S. Jisha
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - K.C. Rajeshkumar
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology (Fungi) Gr., Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agharkar Road, Pune, 411 004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Virendra Gajbhiye
- Nanobioscience Group, Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agharkar Road, Pune, 411 004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajesh Jeewon
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius
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Rodriguez C, Barrios-Jaén M, Mejía LC, Gutiérrez M. Antifungal Activity of Menisporopsin A against Relevant Plant Pathogens. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:381. [PMID: 38921369 PMCID: PMC11204650 DOI: 10.3390/jof10060381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Current agrochemicals used in crop farming mainly consist of synthetic compounds with harmful effects on the environment and human health. Crop-associated fungal endophytes, which play many ecological roles including defense against pathogens, represent a promising source for bioactive and ecologically safer molecules in agrochemical discovery. The methanolic extract of the endophyte Menisporopsis sp. LCM 1078 was evaluated in vitro against the plant pathogens Boeremia exigua, Calonectria variabilis, Colletotrichum theobromicola, Colletotrichum tropicale, and Mycena cytricolor. Bioassay-guided isolation using chromatographic techniques followed by detailed chemical characterization by NMR and mass spectrometry led to the identification of menisporopsin A, which showed inhibitory activity in a dose-dependent manner against the five fungal pathogens including an endophytic strain (Colletotrichum tropicale), with MIC values in the range of 0.63-10.0 μg/mL showing a potency equivalent to the broadly employed agrochemical mancozeb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candelario Rodriguez
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panama City 0843-01103, Panama; (C.R.); (M.B.-J.)
| | - Masiel Barrios-Jaén
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panama City 0843-01103, Panama; (C.R.); (M.B.-J.)
| | - Luis C. Mejía
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panama City 0843-01103, Panama; (C.R.); (M.B.-J.)
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón 0843-03092, Panama
| | - Marcelino Gutiérrez
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panama City 0843-01103, Panama; (C.R.); (M.B.-J.)
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Pierre HC, Amrine CSM, Doyle MG, Salvi A, Raja HA, Chekan JR, Huntsman AC, Fuchs JR, Liu K, Burdette JE, Pearce CJ, Oberlies NH. Verticillins: fungal epipolythiodioxopiperazine alkaloids with chemotherapeutic potential. Nat Prod Rep 2024. [PMID: 38629495 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00068k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Covering: 1970 through June of 2023Verticillins are epipolythiodioxopiperazine (ETP) alkaloids, many of which possess potent, nanomolar-level cytotoxicity against a variety of cancer cell lines. Over the last decade, their in vivo activity and mode of action have been explored in detail. Notably, recent studies have indicated that these compounds may be selective inhibitors of histone methyltransferases (HMTases) that alter the epigenome and modify targets that play a crucial role in apoptosis, altering immune cell recognition, and generating reactive oxygen species. Verticillin A (1) was the first of 27 analogues reported from fungal cultures since 1970. Subsequent genome sequencing identified the biosynthetic gene cluster responsible for producing verticillins, allowing a putative pathway to be proposed. Further, molecular sequencing played a pivotal role in clarifying the taxonomic characterization of verticillin-producing fungi, suggesting that most producing strains belong to the genus Clonostachys (i.e., Bionectria), Bionectriaceae. Recent studies have explored the total synthesis of these molecules and the generation of analogues via both semisynthetic and precursor-directed biosynthetic approaches. In addition, nanoparticles have been used to deliver these molecules, which, like many natural products, possess challenging solubility profiles. This review summarizes over 50 years of chemical and biological research on this class of fungal metabolites and offers insights and suggestions on future opportunities to push these compounds into pre-clinical and clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herma C Pierre
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, P.O. Box 26170, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, USA.
| | - Chiraz Soumia M Amrine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, P.O. Box 26170, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, USA.
- Department of Physical and Earth Sciences. Arkansas Tech University, 1701 N. Boulder Ave., Russellville, Arkansas 72801, USA
| | - Michael G Doyle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, P.O. Box 26170, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, USA.
| | - Amrita Salvi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 S. Ashland Ave (M/C 870), Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Huzefa A Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, P.O. Box 26170, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, USA.
| | - Jonathan R Chekan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, P.O. Box 26170, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, USA.
| | - Andrew C Huntsman
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, 500 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - James R Fuchs
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, 500 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Kebin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Joanna E Burdette
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 S. Ashland Ave (M/C 870), Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | | | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, P.O. Box 26170, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, USA.
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Dhevi V. Sundar R, Arunachalam S. Endophytic fungi of Tradescantia pallida mediated targeting of Multi-Drug resistant human pathogens. Saudi J Biol Sci 2024; 31:103937. [PMID: 38352729 PMCID: PMC10863426 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as one of the most serious worldwide public health issues of the twenty-first century. The expeditious rise of AMR has urged the development of new, natural effective therapeutic strategies against drug-resistant pathogens. Endophytic fungi, which inhabit distinctive environments like endosymbiotic relationships with plants, are gaining interest as alternative reservoirs for novel compounds that exhibit a broad range of chemical diversity and unique modes of action by releasing a variety of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial properties. The objective of the current research was to isolate and identify endophytic fungal species from leaves of Tradescantia pallida and to investigate their antagonistic effects on Multi-Drug-Resistant human pathogens. Endophytic fungus TPL11 and TPL14 showed maximum inhibition in agar plug and agar well diffusion assay. The ethyl acetate crude extract effectively suppressed growth of MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) ATCC 43300,700699 strains and VRE (Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus) with the Inhibition zone of 22 ± 0.05, 23 ± 0.11 and 24 ± 0.11 mm respectively with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 3.125 µg/mL. Whereas TPL11 fungus revealed antibiosis of 22 ± 0.05 and 21 ± 0.15 mm against MRSA(ATCC 43300,700699) and 24 ± 0.05 mm for VRE with MIC of 6.25,3.125 and 1.56 μg/mL respectively. The MIC (Minimum inhibitory concentration) index further confirmed that both the extracts were bacteriostatic against MRSA and bactericidal against VRE. The isolates TPL11 and TPL14 were identified as Fusarium oxysporum and Nigrospora sphaerica by 18S rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing. To our insight, it is the first report to reveal the presence of F.oxysporum and N.sphaerica in T.pallida and their antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjitha Dhevi V. Sundar
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 14, India
- VIT School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, VIT, Vellore, India
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Sundar RDV, Arunachalam S. Xenomyrothecium tongaense PTS8: a rare endophyte of Polianthes tuberosa with salient antagonism against multidrug-resistant pathogens. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1327190. [PMID: 38435697 PMCID: PMC10906109 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1327190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Endophytes refer to microorganisms residing within the endosphere of plants, particularly perennials, without inflicting noticeable injury or inducing obvious morphological variations to their host plant or host organism. Endophytic fungi, although often overlooked microorganisms, have garnered interest due to their significant biological diversity and ability to produce novel pharmacological substances. Methods In this study, fourteen endophytic fungi retrieved were from the stem of the perennial plant Polianthes tuberosa of the Asparagaceae family. These fungal crude metabolites were tested for antagonistic susceptibility to Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) pathogens using agar well diffusion, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) assays. The chequerboard test was used to assess the synergistic impact of active extract. Results and discussion In early antibacterial screening using the Agar plug diffusion test, three of fourteen endophytes demonstrated antagonism against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE). Three isolates were grown in liquid medium and their secondary metabolites were recovered using various organic solvents. Eight extracts from three endophytic fungi displayed antagonism against one or more human pathogens with diameters ranging from 11 to 24 mm. The highest antagonistic effect was obtained in ethyl acetate extract for PTS8 isolate against two MRSA (ATCC 43300, 700699) with 20 ± 0.27 and 22 ± 0.47 mm zones of inhibition, respectively, among different solvent extracts. The extract had MICs of 3.12 ± 0.05 and 1.56 ± 0.05 μg/mL, and MBCs of 50 ± 0.01 and 12.5 ± 0.04 μg/mL, respectively. Antagonism against VRE was 18 ± 0.23 mm Zone of Inhibition (ZOI) with MIC and MBC of 6.25 ± 0.25 and 25 ± 0.01 μg/mL. When ethyl acetate extract was coupled with antibiotics, the chequerboard assay demonstrated a synergistic impact against MDR bacteria. In an antioxidant test, it had an inhibitory impact of 87 ± 0.5% and 88.5 ± 0.5% in 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl and reducing power assay, respectively, at 150 μg/mL concentration. PTS8 was identified as a Xenomyrothecium tongaense strain by 18S rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing. To our insight, it is the foremost study to demonstrate the presence of an X. tongaense endophyte in the stem of P. tuberosa and the first report to study the antibacterial efficacy of X. tongaense which might serve as a powerful antibacterial source against antibiotic-resistant human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjitha Dhevi V. Sundar
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Agriculture Microbiology, VIT School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Sathiavelu Arunachalam
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Agriculture Microbiology, VIT School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
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Sharma A, Rashid M, Chauhan P, Kaur S, Kaur A. In vitro antibacterial and anti-biofilm potential of an endophytic Schizophyllum commune. AMB Express 2024; 14:10. [PMID: 38245627 PMCID: PMC10799838 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-024-01663-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistance in pathogens is one of the major health concerns facing mankind as different bacterial strains have developed resistance to antibiotics over the period of time due to overuse and misuse of antibiotics. Besides this, ability to form biofilms is another major factor contributing to antibiotic resistance, which has necessitated the need for exploration for novel and effective compounds with ability to inhibit biofilm formation. Endophytic fungi are reported to exhibit antibacterial and anti-biofilm potential and could serve as a potent source of novel antibacterial compounds. Majority of the bioactivities have been reported from fungi belonging to phylum Ascomycota. Endophytic basidiomycetes, inspite of their profound ability to serve as a source of bioactive compounds have not been exploited extensively. In present study, an attempt was made to assess the antibacterial, anti-biofilm and biofilm dispersion potential of an endophytic basidiomycetous fungus Schizophyllum commune procured from the culture collection of our lab. Ethyl acetate extract of S. commune showed good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica and Vibrio cholerae. Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of the extract were in the range of 1.25-10 mg/ml against the tested bacterial pathogens. The mode of action was determined to be bactericidal which was further confirmed by time kill studies. Good anti-biofilm activity of S. commune extract was recorded against K. pneumoniae and S. enterica, which was further validated by fluorescence microscopy. The present study highlights the importance of endophytic basidiomycetes as source of therapeutic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Muzamil Rashid
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Pooja Chauhan
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhraj Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Amarjeet Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India.
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Li WY, Hu CC, Liu JH, Wang HJ, Lu LP, Qiao M, Jiang YL, Wu R. Botryorhodine J, a new anti-MRSA depsidone isolated from endophytic fungus Alternaria alternata Pas11. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-7. [PMID: 38148164 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2298727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
A new depsidone derivative botryorhodine J (1), along with six known compounds (2-7) were obtained from solid rice cultures of Alternaria alternata Pas11 that was isolated from leaves of Phragmites australis. The structure of the new compound was elucidated on the basis of combination of NMR spectroscopic data and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). All the isolated compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activities against a panel of Gram-positive bacterial strains (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA], Bacillus subtilis and S. aureus). Compounds 1 and 6 displayed antibacterial activity against the three bacterial strains with the minimum inhibitory concentration values (MICs) of 14 - 32 μg/mL, while compound 5 showed good antibacterial activity against above bacterial strains with MIC values of 5 - 8 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yuan Li
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Water Environment and Health, Zhengzhou University of Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou, PR China
- School of Pharmacy and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, PR China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Hu
- School of Pharmacy and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Jin-Hai Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Heng-Jie Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Ling-Pan Lu
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Water Environment and Health, Zhengzhou University of Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou, PR China
- School of Pharmacy and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Min Qiao
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Water Environment and Health, Zhengzhou University of Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou, PR China
- School of Pharmacy and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Ya-Ling Jiang
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Water Environment and Health, Zhengzhou University of Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou, PR China
- School of Pharmacy and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Rui Wu
- School of Pharmacy and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou, PR China
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Chua RW, Song KP, Ting ASY. Comparative analysis of antimicrobial compounds from endophytic Buergenerula spartinae from orchid. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2023; 116:1057-1072. [PMID: 37597137 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-023-01870-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
A rare fungal endophyte, identified as Buergenerula spartinae (C28), was isolated from the roots of Cymbidium orchids and was characterised and evaluated for its antimicrobial activities. Bio-guided fractionation revealed 4 fractions from B. spartinae (C28) having antibacterial activities against at least one bacterial pathogen tested (Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus). However, inhibitory activities were absent against pathogenic fungi (Ganoderma boninense, Pythium ultimum and Fusarium solani). Fraction 2 and fraction 4 of B. spartinae (C28) exhibited potent antibacterial activities against S. aureus (MIC: 0.078 mg/mL) and B. cereus (MIC: 0.313 mg/mL), respectively. LCMS analysis revealed the presence of antibacterial agents and antibiotics in fraction 2 (benoxinate, pyropheophorbide A, (-)-ormosanine and N-undecylbenzenesulfonic acid) and fraction 4 (kaempferol 3-p-coumarate, 6-methoxy naphthalene acetic acid, levofuraltadone, hinokitiol glucoside, 3-α(S)-strictosidine, pyropheophorbide A, 5'-hydroxystreptomycin, kanzonol N and 3-butylidene-7-hydroxyphthalide), which may be responsible for the antibacterial activities observed. Most of the bioactive compounds profiled from the antibacterial fractions were discovered for the first time from endophytic isolates (i.e. from B. spartinae (C28)). Buergenerula spartinae (C28) from Cymbidium sp. is therefore, an untapped resource of bioactive compounds for potential applications in healthcare and commercial industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Wei Chua
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Keang Peng Song
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Adeline Su Yien Ting
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Tiwari P, Srivastava Y, Sharma A, Vinayagam R. Antimicrobial Peptides: The Production of Novel Peptide-Based Therapeutics in Plant Systems. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1875. [PMID: 37763279 PMCID: PMC10532476 DOI: 10.3390/life13091875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased prevalence of antibiotic resistance is alarming and has a significant impact on the economies of emerging and underdeveloped nations. The redundancy of antibiotic discovery platforms (ADPs) and injudicious use of conventional antibiotics has severely impacted millions, across the globe. Potent antimicrobials from biological sources have been extensively explored as a ray of hope to counter the growing menace of antibiotic resistance in the population. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are gaining momentum as powerful antimicrobial therapies to combat drug-resistant bacterial strains. The tremendous therapeutic potential of natural and synthesized AMPs as novel and potent antimicrobials is highlighted by their unique mode of action, as exemplified by multiple research initiatives. Recent advances and developments in antimicrobial discovery and research have increased our understanding of the structure, characteristics, and function of AMPs; nevertheless, knowledge gaps still need to be addressed before these therapeutic options can be fully exploited. This thematic article provides a comprehensive insight into the potential of AMPs as potent arsenals to counter drug-resistant pathogens, a historical overview and recent advances, and their efficient production in plants, defining novel upcoming trends in drug discovery and research. The advances in synthetic biology and plant-based expression systems for AMP production have defined new paradigms in the efficient production of potent antimicrobials in plant systems, a prospective approach to countering drug-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Tiwari
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yashdeep Srivastava
- RR Institute of Modern Technology, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226201, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Abhishek Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Institute of Advanced Research, Koba Institutional Area, Gandhinagar 392426, Gujarat, India;
| | - Ramachandran Vinayagam
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea;
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12
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Ma N, Yin D, Liu Y, Gao Z, Cao Y, Chen T, Huang Z, Jia Q, Wang D. Succession of endophytic fungi and rhizosphere soil fungi and their correlation with secondary metabolites in Fagopyrum dibotrys. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1220431. [PMID: 37601353 PMCID: PMC10434241 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1220431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Golden buckwheat (Fagopyrum dibotrys, also known as F. acutatum) is a traditional edible herbal medicinal plant with a large number of secondary metabolites and is considered to be a source of therapeutic compounds. Different ecological environments have a significant impact on their compound content and medicinal effects. However, little is known about the interactions between soil physicochemical properties, the rhizosphere, endophytic fungal communities, and secondary metabolites in F. dibotrys. In this study, the rhizosphere soil and endophytic fungal communities of F. dibotrys in five different ecological regions in China were identified based on high-throughput sequencing methods. The correlations between soil physicochemical properties, active components (total saponins, total flavonoids, proanthocyanidin, and epicatechin), and endophytic and rhizosphere soil fungi of F. dibotrys were analyzed. The results showed that soil pH, soil N, OM, and P were significantly correlated with the active components of F. dibotrys. Among them, epicatechin, proanthocyanidin, and total saponins were significantly positively correlated with soil pH, while proanthocyanidin content was significantly positively correlated with STN, SAN, and OM in soil, and total flavone content was significantly positively correlated with P in soil. In soil microbes, Mortierella, Trechispora, Exophiala, Ascomycota_unclassified, Auricularia, Plectosphaerella, Mycena, Fungi_unclassified, Agaricomycetes_unclassified, Coprinellus, and Pseudaleuria were significantly related to key secondary metabolites of F. dibotrys. Diaporthe and Meripilaceae_unclassified were significantly related to key secondary metabolites in the rhizome. This study presents a new opportunity to deeply understand soil-plant-fungal symbioses and secondary metabolites in F. dibotrys, as well as provides a scientific basis for using biological fertilization strategies to improve the quality of F. dibotrys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism Regulation in Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dengpan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism Regulation in Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism Regulation in Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ziyong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism Regulation in Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism Regulation in Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tongtong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism Regulation in Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ziyi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism Regulation in Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiaojun Jia
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism Regulation in Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dekai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism Regulation in Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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13
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Gupta A, Meshram V, Gupta M, Goyal S, Qureshi KA, Jaremko M, Shukla KK. Fungal Endophytes: Microfactories of Novel Bioactive Compounds with Therapeutic Interventions; A Comprehensive Review on the Biotechnological Developments in the Field of Fungal Endophytic Biology over the Last Decade. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1038. [PMID: 37509074 PMCID: PMC10377637 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The seminal discovery of paclitaxel from endophytic fungus Taxomyces andreanae was a milestone in recognizing the immense potential of endophytic fungi as prolific producers of bioactive secondary metabolites of use in medicine, agriculture, and food industries. Following the discovery of paclitaxel, the research community has intensified efforts to harness endophytic fungi as putative producers of lead molecules with anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, cardio-protective, and immunomodulatory properties. Endophytic fungi have been a valuable source of bioactive compounds over the last three decades. Compounds such as taxol, podophyllotoxin, huperzine, camptothecin, and resveratrol have been effectively isolated and characterized after extraction from endophytic fungi. These findings have expanded the applications of endophytic fungi in medicine and related fields. In the present review, we systematically compile and analyze several important compounds derived from endophytic fungi, encompassing the period from 2011 to 2022. Our systematic approach focuses on elucidating the origins of endophytic fungi, exploring the structural diversity and biological activities exhibited by these compounds, and giving special emphasis to the pharmacological activities and mechanism of action of certain compounds. We highlight the tremendous potential of endophytic fungi as alternate sources of bioactive metabolites, with implications for combating major global diseases. This underscores the significant role that fungi can play in the discovery and development of novel therapeutic agents that address the challenges posed by prevalent diseases worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Gupta
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Vineet Meshram
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Mahiti Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Soniya Goyal
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Kamal Ahmad Qureshi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamlesh Kumar Shukla
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India
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14
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Morehouse NJ, Flewelling AJ, Liu DY, Cavanagh H, Linington RG, Johnson JA, Gray CA. Tolypocaibols: Antibacterial Lipopeptaibols from a Tolypocladium sp. Endophyte of the Marine Macroalga Spongomorpha arcta. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:1529-1535. [PMID: 37313957 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two new lipopeptaibols, tolypocaibols A (1) and B (2), and the mixed NRPS-polyketide-shikimate natural product maximiscin [(P/M)-3)] were isolated from a Tolypocladium sp. fungal endophyte of the marine alga Spongomorpha arcta. Analysis of NMR and mass spectrometry data revealed the amino acid sequences of the lipopeptaibols, which both comprise 11 residues with a valinol C-terminus and a decanoyl acyl chain at the N-terminus. The configuration of the amino acids was determined by Marfey's analysis. Tolypocaibols A (1) and B (2) showed moderate, selective inhibition against Gram-positive and acid-fast bacterial strains, while maximiscin [(P/M)-3)] showed moderate, broad-spectrum antibiotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Morehouse
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick E2K 5E2, Canada
| | - Andrew J Flewelling
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick E2K 5E2, Canada
| | - Dennis Y Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Hannah Cavanagh
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Roger G Linington
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - John A Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick E2K 5E2, Canada
| | - Christopher A Gray
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick E2K 5E2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
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15
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Singh VK, Kumar A. Secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi: Production, methods of analysis, and diverse pharmaceutical potential. Symbiosis 2023; 90:1-15. [PMID: 37360552 PMCID: PMC10249938 DOI: 10.1007/s13199-023-00925-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of secondary metabolites is a constantly functioning metabolic pathway in all living systems. Secondary metabolites can be broken down into numerous classes, including alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, lignans, saponins, terpenes, quinones, xanthones, and others. However, animals lack the routes of synthesis of these compounds, while plants, fungi, and bacteria all synthesize them. The primary function of bioactive metabolites (BM) synthesized from endophytic fungi (EF) is to make the host plants resistant to pathogens. EF is a group of fungal communities that colonize host tissues' intracellular or intercellular spaces. EF serves as a storehouse of the above-mentioned bioactive metabolites, providing beneficial effects to their hosts. BM of EF could be promising candidates for anti-cancer, anti-malarial, anti-tuberculosis, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, etc. because EF is regarded as an unexploited and untapped source of novel BM for effective drug candidates. Due to the emergence of drug resistance, there is an urgent need to search for new bioactive compounds that combat resistance. This article summarizes the production of BM from EF, high throughput methods for analysis, and their pharmaceutical application. The emphasis is on the diversity of metabolic products from EF, yield, method of purification/characterization, and various functions/activities of EF. Discussed information led to the development of new drugs and food additives that were more effective in the treatment of disease. This review shed light on the pharmacological potential of the fungal bioactive metabolites and emphasizes to exploit them in the future for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur (CG), Raipur, 492010 Chhattisgarh India
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur (CG), Raipur, 492010 Chhattisgarh India
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16
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Santra HK, Banerjee D. Antifungal activity of volatile and non-volatile metabolites of endophytes of Chloranthus elatior Sw. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1156323. [PMID: 37265637 PMCID: PMC10229785 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1156323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture crops that have fungal infections suffer significant economic losses and reduced crop output. Chemical fungicides are used to tackle the problem, although this has additional detrimental side effects. There is an urgent need for safe and novel antifungals. Volatiles from plant-beneficial endophytic fungi are considered promising alternatives for the biological control of fungal pathogens as a sustainable approach in an agroecosystem. In the present investigation, a volatile-emitting sterile endophytic fungus, Diaporthe sp. CEL3 with bio-fumigation activity, was isolated from leaves of the ethnomedicinal plant Chloranthus elatior Sw., collected from the Passighat forest of North-East India. The camphor odor volatiles of CEL3 showed an inhibitory effect against eight fungal pathogens in vitro and minimized the infections of Monilinia fructicola, a causal agent of cherry fruit rot, in VOC-exposed cherry fruits. Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea, Pythium ultimum, and M. fructicola were maximally inhibited up to 51.5%, 55.8%, 61.9%, and 78.5%, respectively, in comparison to control by the volatiles. Another isolate, CEL7, identified as Curvularia sp., synthesized non-volatile, soluble antifungal metabolites in its cell-free extracts and exhibited antifungal action. Bioassay-guided fractionation revealed the presence of imidazole compounds- (2-aminoethyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carbaldehyde, Pyrazole 4, 5 imidazole, 1-formyl 3-ethyl, phenol compounds-Phenol, 4-[2-(methylamino) ethyl]-, 6-Nitro-3-chlorophenol, Phenol, 2,4,6-tri-tert-butyl-, etc., in the cell-free extracts, with a MIC value of 250-2,000 µg ml-1. Optimum VOC emission was achieved in a modified PDA medium with instantly smashed potato (150 g L-1), dextrose (20 g L-1), wheat husk (20 g L-1), and yeast extract (20 g L-1), with additional salts. Interestingly, endophytic CEL3 emitted different types of volatiles, and trans-verbenol (32.25%), geraniol (30.32%), trans-ocimenol (12.90%), and mentha-4,8-diene (5.16%) were the prime ones. These VOCs cause lethal leakage of protein and necessary intracellular molecules from the fungal pathogens. Thus, CEL3 could potentially be used as a bio-fumigating agent to control post-harvest infections caused by fungal pathogens. This study opens a new approach to the use of endophytic fungi in biocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiran Kanti Santra
- Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany and Forestry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, India
| | - Debdulal Banerjee
- Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany and Forestry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, India
- Center for Life Sciences, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, India
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17
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Watts D, Palombo EA, Jaimes Castillo A, Zaferanloo B. Endophytes in Agriculture: Potential to Improve Yields and Tolerances of Agricultural Crops. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1276. [PMID: 37317250 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi and bacteria live asymptomatically within plant tissues. In recent decades, research on endophytes has revealed that their significant role in promoting plants as endophytes has been shown to enhance nutrient uptake, stress tolerance, and disease resistance in the host plants, resulting in improved crop yields. Evidence shows that endophytes can provide improved tolerances to salinity, moisture, and drought conditions, highlighting the capacity to farm them in marginal land with the use of endophyte-based strategies. Furthermore, endophytes offer a sustainable alternative to traditional agricultural practices, reducing the need for synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, and in turn reducing the risks associated with chemical treatments. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge on endophytes in agriculture, highlighting their potential as a sustainable solution for improving crop productivity and general plant health. This review outlines key nutrient, environmental, and biotic stressors, providing examples of endophytes mitigating the effects of stress. We also discuss the challenges associated with the use of endophytes in agriculture and the need for further research to fully realise their potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Declan Watts
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Enzo A Palombo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Alex Jaimes Castillo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Bita Zaferanloo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
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18
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Shen SJ, Feng ZY, Jiang SJ, Liu L, Fu SJ, Chen WH, Sun QY, Chen JJ. Azaphilones from the Fungus Penicillium multicolor LZUC-S2 and Their Antibacterial Activity. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202201180. [PMID: 36785981 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202201180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Two new azaphilones, penimultiones A and B, together with seven known analogs were isolated from the culture of Penicillium multicolor LZUC-S2. Their structures were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic data analysis and chemical transformation. Penimultiones A and B belong to a rare class of azaphilones possessing a 1,3-dioxolane moiety. In addition, all compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against five clinically bacterial strains in vitro, and three compounds showed potent antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 12.5 to 50.0 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Yun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Song-Jie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Li Liu
- Center for Inspection of, Gansu Drug Administration, Lanzhou, 730070, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Jing Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Wan-Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Qi-Yue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
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Niu L, Qin X, Wang L, Guo N, Cao H, Li H, Zhao C, Wang H, Fu Y. Upgrading the accumulation of ginsenoside Rd in Panax notoginseng by a novel glycosidase-producing endophytic fungus G11-7. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2022; 68:441-452. [PMID: 36571675 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-022-01020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel endophytic fungus producing beta-glucosidase was isolated and characterized from pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan [L.] Millsp.), which has excellent properties in converting ginsenoside Rb1 to ginsenoside Rd in Panax notoginseng. According to the 16S rDNA gene sequence, the G11-7 strain was identified as Fusarium proliferatum, and the accession number KY303906 was confirmed in GenBank. The G11-7 immobilized spores, in which the activity of beta-glucosidase could reach 0.95 U/mL, were co-cultured with P. notoginseng plant material to obtain a continuous beta-glucosidase supply for the biotransformation of ginsenoside Rb1 to Rd. Under the liquid-solid ratio (20:1), initial pH (6.0), and temperature (30 °C) constituents, the maximum ginsenoside Rd yield was obtained as 9.15 ± 0.65 mg/g, which was 3.67-fold higher than that without fungal spore co-culture (2.49 ± 0.98 mg/g). Furthermore, immobilized G11-7 spores showed significant beta-glucosidase producing ability which could be recovered and reused for 6 cycles. Overall, these results suggested that immobilized G11-7 offered a promising and effective approach to enhance the production of ginsenoside Rd for possible nutraceutical and pharmaceutical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Niu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.,Medicinal Plant Cultivation Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiangyu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Litao Wang
- The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Guo
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Hongyan Cao
- The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanghang Li
- The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunjian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Huimei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yujie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China. .,The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Fusarium oxysporum & Fusarium solani: Identification, Characterization, and Differentiation the Fungal Phenolic Profiles by HPLC and the Fungal Lipid Profiles by GC-MS. J FOOD QUALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/4141480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium is a famous genus including a numerous species of endophytic fungi as it is known as a productive source of secondary metabolites which had various bioactivities. Fungal secondary metabolites are defined as chemical compounds produced by fungus and not essential for it. The common secondary metabolites of Fusarium sp. (e.g., phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and terpenes) had a wide range of biological properties comprising antioxidant, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxic activities. In this way, the present study was performed to evaluate the phenolic compounds and flavonoids of Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani qualitatively and quantitatively via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Moreover, lipid criteria of Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani extracts had been displayed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and their fatty acids had been identified to define the prolific species of the most biological and valuable fatty acids. In discrimination between phenols and flavonoids of Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani as natural biological constituents analyzed by HPLC, the methanolic extracts of Fusarium species revealed that phenols level was elevated in F. oxysporum than its level in F. solani as well flavonoids level was advanced in F. oxysporum compared to F. solani. Furthermore, the HPLC chromatograph showed significant detection for some phenols in F. oxysporum extract were disappeared in F. solani extract and also some flavonoids were detected in F. oxysporum extract were vanished in F. solani extract. On the other side, the quantitative lipid analysis of Fusarium species chloroform extracts showed significant elevation in F. oxysporum lipid amount compared to F. solani, as the qualitative lipid analysis by GC-MS indicated that the concentration of saturated fatty acids was receded in F. oxysporum (29.18%) than its concentration in F. solani (40.11%) and the ratio of oxidation was 3.73% in F. oxysoporum while in F. solani was 4.23%. These displayed data illustrated conclusively that Fusarium oxysporum had a wide medicinal effectiveness as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammation, and cardioprotective action due to its plentiful content from valuable phenols, flavonoids, and fatty acids in comparison with F. solani, as it may be elected as an alternative natural drug for some pharmaceutical applications.
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21
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Zhang H, Yang MF, Zhang Q, Yan B, Jiang YL. Screening for broad-spectrum antimicrobial endophytes from Rosa roxburghii and multi-omic analyses of biosynthetic capacity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1060478. [PMID: 36466255 PMCID: PMC9709285 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1060478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants with certain medicinal values are a good source for isolating function-specific endophytes. Rosa roxburghii Tratt. has been reported to be a botanical source of antimicrobial compounds, which may represent a promising candidate for screening endophytic fungi with antimicrobial potential. In this study, 54 endophytes were isolated and molecularly identified from R. roxburghii. The preliminary screening using the plate confrontation method resulted in 15 different endophytic strains showing at least one strong inhibition or three or more moderate inhibition against the 12 tested strains. Further re-screening experiments based on the disc diffusion method demonstrated that Epicoccum latusicollum HGUP191049 and Setophoma terrestris HGUP190028 had excellent antagonistic activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test for extracellular metabolites finally indicated that HGUP191049 had lower MIC values and a broader antimicrobial spectrum, compared to HGUP190028. Genomic, non-target metabolomic, and comparative genomic studies were performed to understand the biosynthetic capacity of the screened-out endophytic fungus. Genome sequencing and annotation of HGUP191049 revealed a size of 33.24 megabase pairs (Mbp), with 24 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), where the putative antimicrobial compounds, oxyjavanicin, patulin and squalestatin S1 were encoded by three different BGCs, respectively. In addition, the non-targeted metabolic results demonstrated that the strain contained approximately 120 antimicrobial secondary metabolites and was structurally diverse. Finally, comparative genomics revealed differences in pathogenicity, virulence, and carbohydrate-active enzymes in the genome of Epicoccum spp. Moreover, the results of the comparative analyses presumed that Epicoccum is a promising source of antimicrobial terpenes, while oxyjavanicin and squalestatin S1 are antimicrobial compounds shared by the genus. In conclusion, R. roxburghii and the endophytic HGUP191049 isolated from it are promising sources of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Academy of Testing and Analysis, Guiyang, China
| | - Mao-Fa Yang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yu-Lan Jiang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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22
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Elmaidomy AH, Shady NH, Abdeljawad KM, Elzamkan MB, Helmy HH, Tarshan EA, Adly AN, Hussien YH, Sayed NG, Zayed A, Abdelmohsen UR. Antimicrobial potentials of natural products against multidrug resistance pathogens: a comprehensive review. RSC Adv 2022; 12:29078-29102. [PMID: 36320761 PMCID: PMC9558262 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04884a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is one of the critical issues, describing a significant social health complication globally. Hence, the discovery of novel antibiotics has acquired an increased attention particularly against drug-resistant pathogens. Natural products have served as potent therapeutics against pathogenic bacteria since the glorious age of antibiotics of the mid 20th century. This review outlines the various mechanistic candidates for dealing with multi-drug resistant pathogens and explores the terrestrial phytochemicals isolated from plants, lichens, insects, animals, fungi, bacteria, mushrooms, and minerals with reported antimicrobial activity, either alone or in combination with conventional antibiotics. Moreover, newly established tools are presented, including prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, bacteriophages, nanoparticles, and bacteriocins, supporting the progress of effective antibiotics to address the emergence of antibiotic-resistant infectious bacteria. Therefore, the current article may uncover promising drug candidates that can be used in drug discovery in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer H Elmaidomy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University Beni-Suef 62511 Egypt
| | - Nourhan Hisham Shady
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone New Minia 61111 Egypt
| | | | | | - Hussein Hykel Helmy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone New Minia 61111 Egypt
| | - Emad Ashour Tarshan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone New Minia 61111 Egypt
| | - Abanoub Nabil Adly
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone New Minia 61111 Egypt
| | | | - Nesma Gamal Sayed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone New Minia 61111 Egypt
| | - Ahmed Zayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Elguish Street (Medical Campus) Tanta 31527 Egypt
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Kaiserslautern Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. 49 Kaiserslautern 67663 Germany
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone New Minia 61111 Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University Minia 61519 Egypt
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23
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Arun Renganathan R, Hema M, Karthik C, Lokanath N, Ravishankar Rai V. Extraction of itaconic acid by endophytic Aspergillus sp., isolated from Garcinia indica: Spectroscopic, structural and quantum computational studies. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Gakuubi MM, Ching KC, Munusamy M, Wibowo M, Liang ZX, Kanagasundaram Y, Ng SB. Enhancing the Discovery of Bioactive Secondary Metabolites From Fungal Endophytes Using Chemical Elicitation and Variation of Fermentation Media. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:898976. [PMID: 35733953 PMCID: PMC9207341 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.898976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic microorganisms are an important source of bioactive secondary metabolites. In this study, fungal endophytes obtained from A*STAR’s Natural Product Library (NPL) and previously isolated from different habitats of Singapore were investigated for their diversity, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities. A total of 222 fungal strains were identified on the basis of sequence analysis of ITS region of the rDNA gene. The identified fungal strains belong to 59 genera distributed in 20 orders. Majority of the identified strains (99%; 219 strains) belong to the phylum Ascomycota, while two strains belonged to the phylum Basidiomycota, and only one strain was from Mucoromycota phylum. The most dominant genus was Colletotrichum accounting for 27% of all the identified strains. Chemical elicitation using 5-azacytidine and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and variation of fermentation media resulted in the discovery of more bioactive strains. Bioassay-guided isolation and structure elucidation of active constituents from three prioritized fungal strains: Lophiotrema sp. F6932, Muyocopron laterale F5912, and Colletotrichum tropicicola F10154, led to the isolation of a known compound; palmarumycin C8 and five novel compounds; palmarumycin CP30, muyocopronol A-C and tropicicolide. Tropicicolide displayed the strongest antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus with an IC50 value of 1.8 μg/ml but with a weaker activity against the Candida albicans presenting an IC50 of 7.1 μg/ml. Palmarumycin C8 revealed the best antiproliferative activity with IC50 values of 1.1 and 2.1 μg/ml against MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 cells, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Muthee Gakuubi
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kuan Chieh Ching
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Madhaiyan Munusamy
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mario Wibowo
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhao-Xun Liang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yoganathan Kanagasundaram
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siew Bee Ng
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Siew Bee Ng,
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25
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Sharma M, Mallubhotla S. Diversity, Antimicrobial Activity, and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Endophytic Bacteria Sourced From Cordia dichotoma L. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:879386. [PMID: 35633730 PMCID: PMC9136406 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.879386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic bacteria isolated from medicinal plants are crucial for the production of antimicrobial agents since they are capable of possessing bioactive compounds with diverse structures and activities. Cordia dichotoma, a plant of medicinal importance native to the Jammu region of India, was selected for the isolation and characterization of culturable endophytic bacteria and evaluation of their antimicrobial activities. Standardized surface sterilization methods were employed to isolate thirty-three phenotypically distinguishable endophytic bacteria from the root, stem, and leaf parts of the plant. Shannon Wiener diversity index clearly divulged diverse endophytes in roots (0.85), stem (0.61), and leaf (0.54) tissues. Physio-biochemical features of the isolates differentiated the distinct variations in their carbohydrate utilization profile and NaCl tolerance. The endophytes produced an array of enzymes, namely, catalase, oxidase, amylase, cellulase, nitrate reductase, and lipase. The bacterial isolates belong to the genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Paenibacillus, Acidomonas, Streptococcus, Ralstonia, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, and Alcalignes predominantly. However, the antibiotic susceptibility pattern indicated that the isolates were mostly sensitive to erythromycin and streptomycin, while they were resistant to rifampicin, amoxicillin, and bacitracin. Interestingly, majority of the bacterial endophytes of C. dichotoma showed antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae. The 16S rRNA sequence of Bacillus thuringiensis has been deposited in the NCBI GenBank database under accession number OM320575. The major compounds of the crude extract derived from endophytic B. thuringiensis OM320575, according to the metabolic profile examination by GC-MS, are dibutyl phthalate, eicosane, tetrapentacontane, heneicosane, and hexadecane, which possessed antibacterial activities. In conclusion, results indicated the potential of C. dichotoma to host a plethora of bacterial endophytes that produce therapeutic bioactive metabolites.
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26
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Xie F, Li HT, Chen JY, Duan HJ, Xia DD, Sun Y, Gao YH, Zhou H, Ding ZT. Talarophilone, a ring-opened azaphilone from the endophytic fungus Talaromyces sp. YUD18002. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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An C, Ma S, Shi X, Liu C, Ding H, Xue W. Diversity and Ginsenoside Biotransformation Potential of Cultivable Endophytic Fungi Associated With Panax bipinnatifidus var. bipinnatifidus in Qinling Mountains, China. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:762862. [PMID: 35444534 PMCID: PMC9014171 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.762862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To obtain novel fungi with potent β-glucosidase for minor ginsenoside production, Panax bipinnatifidus var. bipinnatifidus, which is a traditional medicinal plant containing various ginsenosides, was first employed to isolate endophytic fungi in this study. A total of 93 representative morphotype strains were isolated and identified according to ITS rDNA sequence analyses, and they were grouped into three phyla (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mucoromycota), five classes (Dothideomycetes, Sordariomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Agaricomycetes, and Mucoromycetes), and 24 genera. Plectosphaerella (RA, 19.35%) was the most abundant genus, followed by Paraphoma (RA, 11.83%) and Fusarium (RA, 9.70%). The species richness index (S, 34) and the Shannon–Wiener index (H’, 3.004) indicated that P. bipinnatifidus harbored abundant fungal resources. A total of 26 endophytic fungal ethyl acetate extracts exhibited inhibitory activities against at least one pathogenic bacterium or fungus. In total, 11 strains showed strong β-glucosidase activities and also presented with the ability of ginsenoside biotransformation with varied glycoside-hydrolyzing pathways. Excitingly, three genera, namely, Ilyonectria, Sarocladium, and Lecanicillium, and all 11 taxa were first found to have the ability to transform ginsenosides in our study. The results indicated that P. bipinnatifidus could be a new fungi resource with potential novel natural compounds with antimicrobial activity and potent β-glucosidase for varied minor ginsenoside production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao An
- Shaanxi Institute of Microbiology, Xi'an, China.,Engineering Center of QinLing Mountains Natural Products, Shaanxi Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Saijian Ma
- Shaanxi Institute of Microbiology, Xi'an, China.,Engineering Center of QinLing Mountains Natural Products, Shaanxi Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinwei Shi
- Engineering Center of QinLing Mountains Natural Products, Shaanxi Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China.,Xi'an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Shaanxi Institute of Microbiology, Xi'an, China.,Engineering Center of QinLing Mountains Natural Products, Shaanxi Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Ding
- Shaanxi Institute of Microbiology, Xi'an, China.,Engineering Center of QinLing Mountains Natural Products, Shaanxi Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjiao Xue
- Shaanxi Institute of Microbiology, Xi'an, China.,Engineering Center of QinLing Mountains Natural Products, Shaanxi Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
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28
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Li N, Xu D, Huang RH, Zheng JY, Liu YY, Hu BS, Gu YQ, Du Q. A New Source of Diterpene Lactones From Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees—Two Endophytic Fungi of Colletotrichum sp. With Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:819770. [PMID: 35295309 PMCID: PMC8918950 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.819770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi of medicinal plants are abundant, and their metabolites often have antioxidant, antibacterial, and antitumor effects and can produce secondary metabolites identical or similar to those of their hosts, which can mitigate the problem of insufficient supply of medicinal plants. In this study, we screened endophytic fungi for strains that produce the same diterpene lactones as Andrographis paniculata based on their biological activity. Firstly, the dominant group of endophytic fungi of Andrographis paniculata was screened and pathogenicity was studied using Koch’s rule. Secondly, DPPH, ABTS, OH, PTIO radical scavenging, and FRAP assays were used to detect the antioxidant activity of the extracellular extracts of the strains, and total phenol and total flavonoid contents of the strains with high antioxidant capacity were determined. S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa were used to determine the antibacterial activity of the mycelial extracts of the strains. Finally, the secondary metabolites of the mycelial extracts of the strains were examined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that 32 strains of Andrographis paniculata were relatively isolated > 70% and non-pathogenic. Extracellular extracts of strains AP-1 and AP-4 showed vigorous antioxidant activity, and AP-4, AP-12, AP-47, and AP-48 showed antibacterial activity against four strains of bacteria. The HPLC results indicated that the mycelial extracts of AP-4 and AP-12 contained diterpene lactones. The two endophytic fungi were recognized as Colletotrichum sp. The study successfully obtained diterpene lactones from the endophytic fungus of Andrographis paniculata and confirmed the feasibility of using endophytic fungal strains to produce active substances consistent with the host. It was also useful for exploring endophytic fungi and medicinal plants. The relationship provides theoretical guidance.
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29
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Deshmukh SK, Dufossé L, Chhipa H, Saxena S, Mahajan GB, Gupta MK. Fungal Endophytes: A Potential Source of Antibacterial Compounds. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:164. [PMID: 35205918 PMCID: PMC8877021 DOI: 10.3390/jof8020164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is becoming a burning issue due to the frequent use of antibiotics for curing common bacterial infections, indicating that we are running out of effective antibiotics. This has been more obvious during recent corona pandemics. Similarly, enhancement of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is strengthening the pathogenicity and virulence of infectious microbes. Endophytes have shown expression of various new many bioactive compounds with significant biological activities. Specifically, in endophytic fungi, bioactive metabolites with unique skeletons have been identified which could be helpful in the prevention of increasing antimicrobial resistance. The major classes of metabolites reported include anthraquinone, sesquiterpenoid, chromone, xanthone, phenols, quinones, quinolone, piperazine, coumarins and cyclic peptides. In the present review, we reported 451 bioactive metabolites isolated from various groups of endophytic fungi from January 2015 to April 2021 along with their antibacterial profiling, chemical structures and mode of action. In addition, we also discussed various methods including epigenetic modifications, co-culture, and OSMAC to induce silent gene clusters for the production of noble bioactive compounds in endophytic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Deshmukh
- TERI-Deakin Nano Biotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute, Darbari Seth Block, IHC Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110003, Delhi, India
- Agpharm Bioinnovations LLP, Incubatee: Science and Technology Entrepreneurs Park (STEP), Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, Punjab, India
| | - Laurent Dufossé
- Chimie et Biotechnologie des Produits Naturels (CHEMBIOPRO Lab) & ESIROI Agroalimentaire, Université de la Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, 97744 Saint-Denis, France
| | - Hemraj Chhipa
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Agriculture University Kota, Jhalawar 322360, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sanjai Saxena
- Agpharm Bioinnovations LLP, Incubatee: Science and Technology Entrepreneurs Park (STEP), Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, Punjab, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, Punjab, India
| | - Girish B Mahajan
- HiMedia Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai 400086, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manish Kumar Gupta
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram 122505, Haryana, India
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30
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Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa activity of a C 16-terpene dilactone isolated from the endophytic fungus Neofusicoccum luteum of Kigelia africana (Lam.). Sci Rep 2022; 12:780. [PMID: 35039545 PMCID: PMC8763916 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04747-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal endophytes have the capacity to biosynthesize secondary metabolites that are produced by their host plants. In this study, a dilactone terpenoid of C16 architecture was isolated from the fungal endophytes of Kigeliaafricana, in our attempt to identify anti-Pseudomonasaeruginosa metabolites. Thirty-eight fungal isolates were cultured for biomolecule production over a period of thirty days. Extracts from three (ZF 34, ZF 52 and ZF 91) of the fungi showed good anti-P.aeruginosa activity, with ZF 52 presenting the best MIC of 19.53 µg/mL and was accordingly subjected to chromatographic separation. Based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, high resolution mass spectrometry and single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses, the isolated compound was identified as a C16-terpene dilactone, with a structure consistent with that of the known diterpene, CJ-14445. The isolated dilactone showed anti-P.aeruginosa activity with MIC of 0.61 µg/mL, signifying the antibacterial potential of the biomolecule. The bioactive fungal isolate (ZF 52) was identified as Neofusicoccumluteum based on genomic DNA sequencing. This is the first report of the endophyte N.luteum from K.africana and the first reported occurrence of CJ-14445 in the fungus.
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31
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Zhang H, Wei TP, Li LZ, Luo MY, Jia WY, Zeng Y, Jiang YL, Tao GC. Multigene Phylogeny, Diversity and Antimicrobial Potential of Endophytic Sordariomycetes From Rosa roxburghii. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:755919. [PMID: 34912312 PMCID: PMC8667620 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.755919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosa roxburghii Tratt. is widely applied in food, cosmetics, and traditional medicine, and has been demonstrated to possess diverse bioactivities. Plant endophytic fungi are important microbial resources with great potential for application in many fields. They not only establish mutualistic symbiosis with host plants but also produce a variety of bioactive compounds. Therefore, in the present study, endophytic fungi were isolated from R. roxburghii, the diversity and antimicrobial activities were evaluated. As a result, 242 strains of endophytic Sordariomycetes were successfully isolated. Multigene phylogenetic analyses showed that these isolates included eight orders, 19 families, 33 genera. The dominant genera were Diaporthe (31.4%), Fusarium (14.4%), Chaetomium (7.9%), Dactylonectria (7.0%), Graphium (4.5%), Colletotrichum (4.1%), and Clonostachys (4.1%). For different tissues of R. roxburghii, alpha diversity analysis revealed that the diversity of fungal communities decreased in the order of root, fruit, stem, flower, leaf, and seed, and Clonostachys and Dactylonectria exhibited obvious tissue specificity. Meanwhile, functional annotation of 33 genera indicated that some fungi have multitrophic lifestyles combining endophytic, pathogenic, and saprophytic behavior. Additionally, antimicrobial activities of endophytic Sordariomycetes against Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Colletotrichum capsici, Pyricularia oryzae, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Pseudomonas syringae, Pantoea agglomerans, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were screened. Dual culture test assays showed that there were 40 different endophytic species with strong inhibition of at least one or moderate inhibition of two or more against the 12 tested strains. The results from the filter paper diffusion method suggested that extracellular metabolites may be more advantageous than intracellular metabolites in the development of antimicrobial agents. Eleven isolates with good activities were screened. In particular, Hypomontagnella monticulosa HGUP194009 and Nigrospora sphaerica HGUP191020 have shown promise in both broad-spectrum and intensity. Finally, some fungi that commonly cause disease have been observed to have beneficial biological activities as endophytic fungi. In conclusion, this study showed the species composition, alpha diversity, and lifestyle diversity of endophytic Sordariomycetes from R. roxburghii and demonstrated these isolates are potential sources for exploring antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Academy of Testing and Analysis, Guiyang, China
| | - Tian-Peng Wei
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lin-Zhu Li
- Guizhou Academy of Testing and Analysis, Guiyang, China
| | - Ming-Yan Luo
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wei-Yu Jia
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yu-Lan Jiang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Guang-Can Tao
- Guizhou Academy of Testing and Analysis, Guiyang, China.,Food Safety and Nutrition (Guizhou) Information Technology Co., Ltd., Guiyang National High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Guiyang, China
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32
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Isolation of Taxol and Flavin-like fluorochrome from Endophytic Fungi of Mangifera indica. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.15.4.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Scouting for novel and plant-derived biomolecules from endophytic microbial sources draws greater focus on the discovery of novel bioactive metabolites. With this rationale, we scouted the endophytic fungi for taxol, an anticancer diterpenoid and fluorescent biomolecules. In the present study, about 31 endophytic fungal isolates recovered from the Mangifera indica leaves were screened for taxol production in M1D medium. About five isolates were shortlisted based on the thin layer chromatographic analysis of the fungal extracts. Among them Colletotrichum sp. MIP-5 has been identified as a producer of fungal taxol based on UV, FTIR, TLC and HPLC analysis. The partially purified fungal taxol showed similar spectral and chromatographic features of commercially available paclitaxel. In addition to this, we also report the production of a fluorescent compound by Penicillium sp. MIP-3. The Flavin-like compound exhibited a bright greenish-yellow fluorescence with an emission maximum in the range of 505 – 545nm. GC-MS analysis showed the occurrence of Latia luciferin, primarily associated with the bioluminescence of freshwater limpet Latia neritoides. This is the first report of this compound from Penicillium sp. In addition, therapeutically active steroid (β-Sitosterol, Stigmasterol, Campesterol), quinones (Benzo[h]quinoline, 2,4-dimethyl-) and phloroglucinol (Aspidinol) derivatives were also identified from Penicillium sp. MIP-3 based on GC-MS analysis. These molecules could potentially be used in biological and pharmaceutical applications in future.
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33
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Huang ZD, Wang WJ, Han XL, Yang XL. Three New Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid Derivatives and A New Alkaloid from Endophytic Fungus Mortierella sp. in Epimedium acuminatum Franch. and Their Antibacterial Activity. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100741. [PMID: 34786854 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Three new hydroxyphenylacetic acid derivatives, stachylines E-G (1-3), and a new alkaloid, mortieridinone (4), along with six known compounds (5-10), were isolated from endophytic fungus Mortierella sp. in Epimedium acuminatum Franch. Their structures were determined by their spectroscopic analyses and by comparison with the literature data. Compounds 7 and 10 showed selective antibacterial activity against tested multidrug-resistant bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 25 to 3.13 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Diao Huang
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jing Wang
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Le Han
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Long Yang
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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Culturable Endophytic Fungi from Glycyrrhiza inflata Distributed in Xinjiang, China with Antifungal Activity. MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres12040060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 99 endophytic fungal isolates were obtained from the roots of Glycyrrhiza inflata, which was a traditional medicinal plant mainly distributed in Xinjiang, China. Twenty-two distinct isolates were selected for further taxonomical identification by morphological traits and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rRNA gene sequence analysis. Eleven genera were identified, among which Aspergillus, Alternaria and Fusarium were dominant. The crude extracts of 22 distinct identified fungi were successively evaluated for their antifungal activities on three rice fungal pathogens using the method of hyphal radial growth rate. Among them, the crude extract of Alternaria an-gustiovoidea Glinf007 showed the significantly mycelial growth inhibitory activity. The results demonstrated that G. inflata contained a diversity of culturable endophytic fungi, which could produce natural antimicrobial compounds that might be of great value to the agriculture and pharmaceutical industries.
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Gakuubi MM, Munusamy M, Liang ZX, Ng SB. Fungal Endophytes: A Promising Frontier for Discovery of Novel Bioactive Compounds. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:786. [PMID: 34682208 PMCID: PMC8538612 DOI: 10.3390/jof7100786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For years, fungi have served as repositories of bioactive secondary metabolites that form the backbone of many existing drugs. With the global rise in infections associated with antimicrobial resistance, in addition to the growing burden of non-communicable disease, such as cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular ailments, the demand for new drugs that can provide an improved therapeutic outcome has become the utmost priority. The exploration of microbes from understudied and specialized niches is one of the promising ways of discovering promising lead molecules for drug discovery. In recent years, a special class of plant-associated fungi, namely, fungal endophytes, have emerged as an important source of bioactive compounds with unique chemistry and interesting biological activities. The present review focuses on endophytic fungi and their classification, rationale for selection and prioritization of host plants for fungal isolation and examples of strategies that have been adopted to induce the activation of cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters to enhance the biosynthetic potential of fungal endophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Muthee Gakuubi
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, #01-02 Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore; (M.M.G.); (M.M.)
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore;
| | - Madhaiyan Munusamy
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, #01-02 Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore; (M.M.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Zhao-Xun Liang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore;
| | - Siew Bee Ng
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, #01-02 Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore; (M.M.G.); (M.M.)
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Prajapati J, Goswami D, Rawal RM. Endophytic fungi: A treasure trove of novel anticancer compounds. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2021; 2:100050. [PMID: 34909676 PMCID: PMC8663939 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2021.100050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multifactorial disease with a convoluted genesis and progression. The emergence of multidrug resistance to presently be offered drug and relapse is by far, the most critical concern to tackle this deteriorating disease. Henceforth, there is undeniably an inflated necessity for safe, promising, and less harmful new anticancer drugs. Natural compounds from various sources like plants, animals, and microorganisms have occupied a center stage in drug discovery due to their tremendous chemical diversity and potential as therapeutic agents. Endophytic microbes are symbiotically associated with plants and have been proven to produce novel or analogues of host bioactive metabolites exhibiting a variety of biological activities including anticancer activity. This review emphasizes on structurally diverse unprecedented anticancer natural compounds that have been reported exclusively from endophytic fungi from 2016 to 2020. It covers chemical nature of metabolites, its fungal source associated with terrestrial, as well as marine plants and anticancer activity based on their cytotoxicity profile against various cancer cell lines. Many of these fungal metabolites with promising anticancer activity can be used as lead molecules for in silico experiments and deserve special attention from scientists for further in vitro and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jignesh Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry & Forensic Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Dweipayan Goswami
- Department of Microbiology & Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Rakesh M. Rawal
- Department of Biochemistry & Forensic Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
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Palupi KD, Ilyas M, Agusta A. Endophytic fungi inhabiting Physalis angulata L. plant: diversity, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of their ethyl acetate extracts. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 32:823-829. [PMID: 34214306 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Endophytic fungi are an essential source of biologically active compounds. They have the ability to synthesize secondary metabolites which are the same or have a high degree of similarity to their host plants. In this study, we aimed to explore the biodiversity and the bioactivities of active metabolites produced by 14 endophytic fungi isolated from the medicinal plant Physalis angulata L. (PA). METHODS Fourteen endophytic fungi were isolated from the flowers, stems, leaves, and fruit husks of PA. The endophytic fungi were cultured and incubated in the PDB medium at room temperature. After three weeks, the cultures were extracted using ethyl acetate and dried using a rotary evaporator. The antioxidant activity was evaluated against DPPH while antibacterial activity was evaluated against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus using microdilution technique. TLC analysis was also done to profile the active compounds within the extract. RESULTS Hyphomycetes fungus isolated from the flower of PA exhibited a moderate antioxidant activity with an antioxidant index value of 0.59 (IC50 = 52.43 μg/mL). Six isolates have strong antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value ranging from 8-64 μg/mL. These endophytic fungi are one Hyphomycetes fungus isolated from the flower, one Fusarium sp. isolated from the stem, and four Colletotrichum sp. isolated from leaf and fruit husk of PA. CONCLUSIONS Endophytic fungi isolated from PA are potential novel sources of active metabolites especially for antibacterial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartika Dyah Palupi
- Research Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK, Tangerang Selatan, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Ilyas
- Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Cibinong, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Andria Agusta
- Research Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK, Tangerang Selatan, Banten, Indonesia
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Al-Obaidi JR, Jambari NN, Ahmad-Kamil EI. Mycopharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals: Promising Agents to Improve Human Well-Being and Life Quality. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7070503. [PMID: 34202552 PMCID: PMC8304235 DOI: 10.3390/jof7070503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi, especially edible mushrooms, are considered as high-quality food with nutritive and functional values. They are of considerable interest and have been used in the synthesis of nutraceutical supplements due to their medicinal properties and economic significance. Specific fungal groups, including predominantly filamentous endophytic fungi from Ascomycete phylum and several Basidiomycetes, produce secondary metabolites (SMs) with bioactive properties that are involved in the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. These beneficial fungi, while high in protein and important fat contents, are also a great source of several minerals and vitamins, in particular B vitamins that play important roles in carbohydrate and fat metabolism and the maintenance of the nervous system. This review article will summarize and discuss the abilities of fungi to produce antioxidant, anticancer, antiobesity, and antidiabetic molecules while also reviewing the evidence from the last decade on the importance of research in fungi related products with direct and indirect impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameel R. Al-Obaidi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim 35900, Perak, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (J.R.A.-O.); (N.N.J.)
| | - Nuzul Noorahya Jambari
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (J.R.A.-O.); (N.N.J.)
| | - E. I. Ahmad-Kamil
- Malaysian Nature Society (MNS), JKR 641, Jalan Kelantan, Bukit Persekutuan, Kuala Lumpur 50480, Malaysia;
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Wu B, Cox MP. Comparative genomics reveals a core gene toolbox for lifestyle transitions in Hypocreales fungi. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:3251-3264. [PMID: 33939870 PMCID: PMC8360070 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fungi have evolved diverse lifestyles and adopted pivotal new roles in both natural ecosystems and human environments. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying their adaptation to new lifestyles are obscure. Here, we hypothesize that genes shared across all species with the same lifestyle, but absent in genera with alternative lifestyles, are crucial to that lifestyle. By analysing dozens of species within four genera in a fungal order, with each genus following a different lifestyle, we find that genus-specific genes are typically few in number. Notably, not all genus-specific genes appear to derive from de novo birth, with most instead reflecting recurrent loss across the fungi. Importantly, however, a subset of these genus-specific genes are shared by fungi with the same lifestyle in quite different evolutionary orders, thus supporting the view that some genus-specific genes are necessary for specific lifestyles. These lifestyle-specific genes are enriched for key functional classes and often exhibit specialized expression patterns. Genus-specific selection also contributes to lifestyle transitions, and is especially associated with intensity of pathogenesis. Our study, therefore, suggests that fungal adaptation to new lifestyles often requires just a small number of core genes, with gene turnover and positive selection playing complementary roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojun Wu
- Statistics and Bioinformatics Group, School of Fundamental SciencesMassey UniversityPalmerston North4410New Zealand
- Bio‐Protection Research CentreMassey UniversityPalmerston North4410New Zealand
| | - Murray P. Cox
- Statistics and Bioinformatics Group, School of Fundamental SciencesMassey UniversityPalmerston North4410New Zealand
- Bio‐Protection Research CentreMassey UniversityPalmerston North4410New Zealand
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Mao Z, Zhang W, Wu C, Feng H, Peng Y, Shahid H, Cui Z, Ding P, Shan T. Diversity and antibacterial activity of fungal endophytes from Eucalyptus exserta. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:155. [PMID: 34044780 PMCID: PMC8157698 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02229-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eucalyptus bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is an important eucalyptus disease. Endophytic fungi, an important source of natural active substances, provide a new breakthrough for the control of plant diseases. RESULTS In the present study, 80 endophytic fungal isolates were obtained from the healthy branches and fruits of Eucalyptus exserta. Fifteen distinct isolates (MK120854-MK120868) were selected for further taxonomic identification through morphological trait assessments and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region-rRNA gene sequence analysis. Thirteen genera, namely, Phyllosticta, Penicillium, Eutypella, Purpureocillium, Talaromyces, Lophiostoma, Cladosporium, Pestalotiopsis, Chaetomium, Fusarium, Gongronella, Scedosporium and Pseudallescheria, were identified on the basis of their morphological characteristics. Members of the genus Phyllosticta were the primary isolates, with a colonization frequency (CF) of 27.5 %. Most of the fungal isolates displayed antibacterial activity. The crude extracts obtained from Lophiostoma sp. Eef-7, Pestalotiopsis sp. Eef-9 and Chaetomium sp. Eef-10 exhibited strong inhibition on the test bacteria, and Lophiostoma sp. Eef-7 was further cultured on a large scale. Three known compounds, scorpinone (1), 5-deoxybostrycoidin (2) and 4-methyl-5,6-dihydro-2 H-pyran-2-one (3), were isolated from the endophytic fungus Lophiostoma sp. Eef-7 associated with E. exserta. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by analysis of 1D and 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS spectra and a comparison of their spectral data with published values. Compounds 1 and 2 showed weak antimicrobial activity against Ralstonia solanacearum. CONCLUSIONS Endophytic fungi from Eucalyptus exserta may represent alternative sources of antimicrobial agents. Lophiostoma sp. Eef-7 can produce 2-azaanthraquinone derivatives and shows weak antibacterial activity against Ralstonia solanacearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziling Mao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, 510642, No. 483, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangdong, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weihao Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, 510642, No. 483, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangdong, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunyin Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, 510642, No. 483, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangdong, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Feng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, 510642, No. 483, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangdong, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanhang Peng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, 510642, No. 483, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangdong, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hamza Shahid
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, 510642, No. 483, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangdong, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zining Cui
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 232, Waihuandong Road, Panyu District, Guangdong, 510006, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Tijiang Shan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, 510642, No. 483, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangdong, 510642, Guangzhou, China.
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Brudzynski K. Honey as an Ecological Reservoir of Antibacterial Compounds Produced by Antagonistic Microbial Interactions in Plant Nectars, Honey and Honey Bee. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:551. [PMID: 34065141 PMCID: PMC8151657 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10050551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The fundamental feature of "active honeys" is the presence and concentration of antibacterial compounds. Currently identified compounds and factors have been described in several review papers without broader interpretation or links to the processes for their formation. In this review, we indicate that the dynamic, antagonistic/competitive microbe-microbe and microbe-host interactions are the main source of antibacterial compounds in honey. The microbial colonization of nectar, bees and honey is at the center of these interactions that in consequence produce a range of defence molecules in each of these niches. The products of the microbial interference and exploitive competitions include antimicrobial peptides, antibiotics, surfactants, inhibitors of biofilm formation and quorum sensing. Their accumulation in honey by horizontal transfer might explain honey broad-spectrum, pleiotropic, antibacterial activity. We conclude that honey is an ecological reservoir of antibacterial compounds produced by antagonistic microbial interactions in plant nectars, honey and honey bee. Thus, refocusing research on secondary metabolites resulting from these microbial interactions might lead to discovery of new antibacterial compounds in honey that are target-specific, i.e., acting on specific cellular components or inhibiting the essential cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Brudzynski
- Department of Drug Discovery, Bee-Biomedicals Inc., St. Catharines, ON L2T 3T4, Canada;
- Formerly Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2T 3T4, Canada
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Al-Amri SM. Application of bio-fertilizers for enhancing growth and yield of common bean plants grown under water stress conditions. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:3901-3908. [PMID: 34220246 PMCID: PMC8241702 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was planned to enhance the growth and productivity of common bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown under different water stress level by using different microorganisms as bio-fertilizer agents. Water stress is a international problem that effects on morphological, functional and chemical processes of plants occasioning in altering growth, yield and water relations of economic plants like common bean plants. The interaction effect between water stress (WW as recommended irrigation after 6 days, WS1 after 12 days and WS2 after 18 days) and inoculation with different microorganisms [AMF (Glomus mosseae) and endophytic bacteria, (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)] used alone or in mixed was examined on the development and productivity of common bean plants. Mutual application of AMF and endophytic bacteria significantly increased the average values of most of growth, water relations (photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance) and yield parameters of common bean plants grown at WS1 and WS2 comparing with non-colonized plants. In this connection, colonization with AMF and endophytic bacteria with WS1 are the greater pods number, pod length, pods weight, 100 seeds weight, Yield by ton /Fed and water-use efficiency (WUE) by ton/ m3 than other treatments. Common bean yielded seeds had significantly increased nutrients content (nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium and calcium), vitamin B1, Folic acid, crude protein and crude fibers at AMF + endophytic bacteria under second water stress (WS1) when compared to other treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salem M Al-Amri
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia
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Li XM, Mi QL, Gao Q, Li J, Song CM, Zeng WL, Xiang HY, Liu X, Chen JH, Zhang CM, Yang GY, Hu QF, Chen ZY. Antibacterial Naphthalene Derivatives from the Fermentation Products of the Endophytic Fungus Phomopsis fukushii. Chem Nat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-021-03340-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Antagonistic Activity of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Globba patens Miq. Rhizome against Human Pathogenic Bacteria. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.15.1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of bacterial infections caused by resistant strains poses a threat to the development of new antibiotics. The majority of antibiotics being produced has been accelerated through the finding of newly reported natural products, especially those originated and produced by biological sources. Endophytic fungi residing in medicinal plants may be regarded as potential sources and encourage the exploration of more plant species for their antimicrobial activity. Our current study reports on the assemblage of endophytic fungi that colonize the rhizomes, using Globba patens a representative of Zingiberaceous species from North Sumatra. Twenty-six fungal morphotypes were obtained and differentiated by their morphological features. Each isolate was tested against human pathogenic bacteria namely Staphylococcus aureus ATCC® 29213™, Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) ATCC® 43300™, Escherichia coli ATCC® 25922™, and Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) K11 in a dual culture assay. The results revealed that the majority of fungal isolates were strong antagonists against S. aureus and E. coli but not against MRSA and EPEC. Isolate Gp07 was the most potential fungus with a wide range of antibacterial activities and was subjected to further species-level identification based on its morphological characteristics and DNA sequence in the ITS-rDNA region. The isolate Gp07 was identified as Colletotrichum siamense, yet the presence of C. siamense in the rhizome of G. patens is not fully understood while possibly being characterized as the antibiotics-producing agent in the future.
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Mohammed AE, Sonbol H, Alwakeel SS, Alotaibi MO, Alotaibi S, Alothman N, Suliman RS, Ahmedah HT, Ali R. Investigation of biological activity of soil fungal extracts and LC/MS-QTOF based metabolite profiling. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4760. [PMID: 33637771 PMCID: PMC7910297 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83556-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil is considered an extensively explored ecological niche for microorganisms that produce useful biologically active natural products suitable for pharmaceutical applications. The current study aimed at investigating biological activities and metabolic profiles of three fungal strains identified from different desert sites in Saudi Arabia. Soil fungal isolates were collected from AlQasab, Tabuk, and Almuzahimiyah in Saudi Arabia and identified. Furthermore, their antibacterial activity was investigated against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Escherichia coli in blood, nutrient, and Sabouraud dextrose agars. Moreover, fungal extracts were evaluated on cell viability/proliferation against human breast carcinoma and colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. To identify the biomolecules of the fungal extracts, High-performance liquid chromatography HPLC-DAD coupled to analytical LC-QTOF-MS method was employed for fungal ethyl acetate crude extract. Identified fungal isolates, Chaetomium sp. Bipolaris sp. and Fusarium venenatum showed varied inhibitory activity against tested microbes in relation to crude extract, microbial strain tested, and growth media. F. venenatum showed higher anticancer activity compared to Chaetomium sp. and Bipolaris sp. extracts against four of the tested cancer cell lines. Screening by HPLC and LC/MS-QTOF identified nine compounds from Chaetomium sp. and three from Bipolaris sp. however, for F. venenatum extracts compounds were not fully identified. In light of the present findings, some biological activities of fungal extracts were approved in vitro, suggesting that such extracts could be a useful starting point to find compounds that possess promising agents for medical applications. Further investigations to identify exact biomolecules from F. venenatum extracts are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrah E Mohammed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 84428, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hana Sonbol
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 84428, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Suaad Saleh Alwakeel
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 84428, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Modhi O Alotaibi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 84428, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sohailah Alotaibi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 84428, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Alothman
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 84428, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha Saad Suliman
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanadi Talal Ahmedah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Rabegh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rizwan Ali
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Research, Riyadh, 11481, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Adeleke BS, Babalola OO. Pharmacological Potential of Fungal Endophytes Associated with Medicinal Plants: A Review. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:147. [PMID: 33671354 PMCID: PMC7922420 DOI: 10.3390/jof7020147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic microbes are microorganisms that colonize the intracellular spaces within the plant tissues without exerting any adverse or pathological effects. Currently, the world population is facing devastating chronic diseases that affect humans. The resistance of pathogens to commercial antibiotics is increasing, thus limiting the therapeutic potential and effectiveness of antibiotics. Consequently, the need to search for novel, affordable and nontoxic natural bioactive compounds from endophytic fungi in developing new drugs with multifunction mechanisms to meet human needs is essential. Fungal endophytes produce invaluable bioactive metabolic compounds beneficial to humans with antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antitumor properties, etc. Some of these bioactive compounds include pestacin, taxol, camptothecin, ergoflavin, podophyllotoxin, benzopyran, isopestacin, phloroglucinol, tetrahydroxy-1-methylxanthone, salidroside, borneol, dibenzofurane, methyl peniphenone, lipopeptide, peniphenone etc. Despite the aforementioned importance of endophytic fungal metabolites, less information is available on their exploration and pharmacological importance. Therefore, in this review, we shall elucidate the fungal bioactive metabolites from medicinal plants and their pharmacological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa;
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Lutfia A, Munir E, Yurnaliza Y, Basyuni M. Chemical analysis and anticancer activity of sesterterpenoid from an endophytic fungus Hypomontagnella monticulosa Zg15SU and its host Zingiber griffithii Baker. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06292. [PMID: 33665446 PMCID: PMC7900702 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Zingiber griffithii Baker is one of the native Zingiberaceous species in a tropical forest of North Sumatra, Indonesia. Zingiberaceous species have been intensively studied and reported as herbal ingredients in ethnomedicine and currently their endophytic fungal associates were studied for pharmacological importance. Fifteen endophytic fungi were isolated from Zingiber griffithii following morphological and molecular characterization. All isolates exhibited antibacterial properties to at least one of the tested pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Methicilin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC). The isolate, identified as Hypomontagnella monticulosa strain Zg15SU (syn. Hypoxylon monticulosum Mont.) based on its rDNA/ITS sequence, displayed antibacterial activities to all tested pathogens. The EtOAc extract of the H. monticulosum Zg15SU showed the highest activity for gram-negative bacteria, the E. coli and EPEC, while the extract of Z. griffithii rhizome displayed activity only for E. coli. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS) indicated a major portion of similar compounds found in both the endophytic fungus and plant extract, revealing the compounds of oleic acid, cyclononasiloxane, octadecamethyl, and eicosanoic acid Furthermore, purification and structural elucidation on the EtOAc extract of both Z. griffithii rhizome and H. monticulosa Zg15SU yielded two bioactive compounds: a novel compound, griffithiiene, a terpenoid-alkaloid bearing the skeleton of a scalarane (1) and scalaradial (2) which were confirmed by 1H- (500 MHz) and 13C-NMR (125 MHz) spectroscopy. Importantly, the elucidated compounds showed a cytotoxicity activity against cancer cell lines, the Panc-1, NBT-T2, and HCT116 based on in vitro MTT proliferation assay. This is the first report of Z. griffithii harboring an endophytic fungus, H. monticulosa, which produced potential antibacterial and anticancer metabolites along with its host to be utilized for future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisa Lutfia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
| | - Erman Munir
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
| | - Yurnaliza Yurnaliza
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
| | - Mohammad Basyuni
- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
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Isolation of endophytic fungi with antimicrobial activity from medicinal plant Zanthoxylum simulans Hance. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2021; 66:385-397. [PMID: 33544301 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-021-00854-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Fungal endophytes have been found to exist in many plant species and appear to be important to their plant hosts. However, the diversity and biological activities of these fungi remain largely unknown. Zanthoxylum simulans Hance, a popular natural spice and medicinal plant, commonly known as Szechuan pepper or Chinese-pepper, grows on Kinmen Island, Taiwan. In this study, leaf and stem samples of Z. simulans, collected in summer and winter, were screened for antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory metabolite-producing endophytic fungi. A total of 113 endophytic strains were isolated and cultured from Z. simulans, among which 23 were found to possess antimicrobial activity, belonging to six fungal genera: Penicillium (26.09%, 6), Colletotrichum (21.74%, 5), Diaporthe (21.74%, 5), Daldinia (17.39%, 4), Alternaria (8.70%, 2), and Didymella (4.34%, 1). We also found that the number of species with antimicrobial activity and their compositions differed between summer and winter. Our study demonstrated that Z. simulans might contain large and diverse communities of endophytic fungi, and its community composition varies seasonally. In addition, fungal endophytes produce antimicrobial agents, which may protect their hosts against pathogens and could be a potential source of natural antibiotics.
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Exploring Endophytes Using “Omics”: An Approach for Sustainable Production of Bioactive Metabolites. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-54422-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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50
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Zhang XG, Guo SJ, Wang WN, Wei GX, Ma GY, Ma XD. Diversity and Bioactivity of Endophytes From Angelica sinensis in China. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1489. [PMID: 33013716 PMCID: PMC7461802 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant seeds are not merely reproductive organs, they are also carriers of microorganism, particularly, inherent and non-invasive characteristic endophytes in host plant. Therefore, in this study, the endophytic diversity of Angelica seeds was studied and compared with endophytes isolated from healthy leaves, stems, roots, and seeds of A. sinensis using 20 different media. The metabolites of endophytic strains were evaluated with six different methods for their antioxidant activity and the paper disc diffusion method for antimicrobial activities. As a result, 226 endophytes were isolated. Compared with the biodiversity and abundance of uncultured fungi from Angelica seed, the result showed that the most frequent endophytic fungi were Alternaria sp. as seen in artificial media; moreover, compared with artificial media, the pathogenic fungi, including Fusarium sp. and Pseudallescheria sp., were not found from the Angelica seed, the results suggested it may not be inherent endophytes in plants. In addition, bacteria from seven phyla were identified by high-throughput sequencing, while five phyla of endophytic bacteria were not isolated on artificial media including Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Microgenomates, and Saccharibacteria. Furthermore, the sample JH-4 mycelium displayed the best antioxidant activity, and the active constituent may be a flavonoid as determined by total phenol and flavonoid content. Moreover, YH-12-1 mycelium had strong inhibitory activity against the five tested strains and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pneumoniae was found to be 25 μg/mL. Our results confirm that plant endophytes are rich in biodiversity and contain important resource of many uncultured microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Guo Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Screening and Processing in New Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Gansu, China
| | - Si-Jia Guo
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Screening and Processing in New Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Gansu, China
| | - Wen-Na Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Screening and Processing in New Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Gansu, China
| | - Guo-Xing Wei
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Screening and Processing in New Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Gansu, China
| | - Guo-Yan Ma
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Screening and Processing in New Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Gansu, China
| | - Xiao-Di Ma
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Screening and Processing in New Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Gansu, China
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