1
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Wang WT, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Le YN, Wu YL, Liu YY, Tu YJ. EBV-microRNAs as Potential Biomarkers in EBV-related Fever: A Narrative Review. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:2-13. [PMID: 36411555 PMCID: PMC10825793 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666221118122005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
At present, timely and accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of Epstein- Barr Virus (EBV) infection-associated fever remain a difficult challenge. EBV encodes 44 mature microRNAs (miRNAs) that inhibit viral lysis, adjust inflammatory response, regulate cellular apoptosis, promote tumor genesis and metastasis, and regulate tumor cell metabolism. Herein, we have collected the specific expression data of EBV-miRNAs in EBV-related fevers, including infectious mononucleosis (IM), EBVassociated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (EBV-HLH), chronic active EBV infection (CAEBV), and EBV-related tumors, and proposed the potential value of EBVmiRNAs as biomarkers to assist in the identification, diagnosis, and prognosis of EBVrelated fever, as well as therapeutic targets for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-ting Wang
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai (201203), China
| | - Yun Yang
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai (201203), China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Information Center of Science and Technology, Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai (201203), China
| | - Yi-ning Le
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai (200433), China
| | - Yu-lin Wu
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai (201203), China
| | - Yi-yi Liu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai (200032), China
| | - Yan-jie Tu
- Department of Febrile Disease, Basic Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai (201203), China
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2
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Zaffiri L, Chambers ET. Screening and Management of PTLD. Transplantation 2023; 107:2316-2328. [PMID: 36949032 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) represents a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative diseases occurring in the setting of immunosuppression following hematopoietic stem cells transplant and solid organ transplantation. Despite its overall low incidence, PTLD is a serious complication following transplantation, with a mortality rate as high as 50% in transplant recipients. Therefore, it is important to establish for each transplant recipient a personalized risk evaluation for the development of PTLD based on the determination of Epstein-Barr virus serostatus and viral load following the initiation of immunosuppression. Due to the dynamic progression of PTLD, reflected in the diverse pathological features, different therapeutic approaches have been used to treat this disorder. Moreover, new therapeutic strategies based on the administration of virus-specific cytotoxic T cells have been developed. In this review, we summarize the available data on screening and treatment to suggest a strategy to identify transplant recipients at a higher risk for PTLD development and to review the current therapeutic options for PTLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Zaffiri
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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3
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Kolijn PM, Langerak AW. Immune dysregulation as a leading principle for lymphoma development in diverse immunological backgrounds. Immunol Lett 2023; 263:46-59. [PMID: 37774986 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Lymphoma is a heterogeneous group of malignancies arising from lymphocytes, which poses a significant challenge in terms of diagnosis and treatment due to its diverse subtypes and underlying mechanisms. This review aims to explore the shared and distinct features of various forms of lymphoma predisposing conditions, with a focus on genetic, immunological and molecular aspects. While diseases such as autoimmune disorders, inborn errors of immunity and iatrogenic immunodeficiencies are biologically and immunologically distinct, each of these diseases results in profound immune dysregulation and a predisposition to lymphoma development. Interestingly, the increased risk is often skewed towards a particular subtype of lymphoma. Patients with inborn errors of immunity in particular present with extreme forms of lymphoma predisposition, providing a unique opportunity to study the underlying mechanisms. External factors such as chronic infections and environmental exposures further modulate the risk of lymphoma development. Common features of conditions predisposing to lymphoma include: persistent inflammation, recurrent DNA damage or malfunctioning DNA repair, impaired tumor surveillance and viral clearance, and dysregulation of fundamental cellular processes such as activation, proliferation and apoptosis. Our growing understanding of the underlying mechanisms of lymphomagenesis provides opportunities for early detection, prevention and tailored treatment of lymphoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Martijn Kolijn
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anton W Langerak
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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4
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Leoncini L. Epstein-Barr virus positivity as a defining pathogenetic feature of Burkitt lymphoma subtypes. Br J Haematol 2021; 196:468-470. [PMID: 34725813 PMCID: PMC9298118 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Leoncini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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5
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Bagaloni I, Visani A, Biagiotti S, Ruzzo A, Navari M, Etebari M, Mundo L, Granai M, Lazzi S, Isidori A, Loscocco F, Li J, Leoncini L, Visani G, Magnani M, Piccaluga PP. Metabolic Switch and Cytotoxic Effect of Metformin on Burkitt Lymphoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:661102. [PMID: 34557403 PMCID: PMC8454268 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.661102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered cellular energetic metabolism has recently emerged as important feature of neoplastic cells. Indeed, interfering with cancer cell metabolism might represent a suitable therapeutic strategy. In this study, we aimed to assess glucose metabolism activation in human lymphomas and evaluate how metformin can exert its action on lymphoma cells. We studied a large series of human lymphomas (N = 252) and an in vitro model of Burkitt lymphoma (BL) cells. We combined molecular biology techniques, including global gene expression profiling (GEP) analysis, quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting, and biochemical assays, aimed to assess pentose phosphate pathway, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and aerobic glycolysis rates. We found that glucose metabolism is overall enhanced in most lymphoma subtypes, based on gene expression profiling (GEP), with general shift to aerobic glycolysis. By contrast, normal B cells only showed an overall increase in glucose usage during germinal center transition. Interestingly, not only highly proliferating aggressive lymphomas but also indolent ones, like marginal zone lymphomas, showed the phenomenon. Consistently, genes involved in glycolysis were confirmed to be overexpressed in BL cells by qPCR. Biochemical assays showed that while aerobic glycolysis is increased, TCA cycle is reduced. Finally, we showed that metformin can induce cell death in BL cells by stressing cellular metabolism through the induction of GLUT1, PKM2, and LDHA. In conclusion, we unveiled glucose metabolism abnormalities in human lymphomas and characterized the mechanism of action of metformin in Burkitt lymphoma model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Bagaloni
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DISB), University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Axel Visani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Biagiotti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DISB), University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Annamaria Ruzzo
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DISB), University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Mohsen Navari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.,Research Center of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.,Bioinformatics Research Group, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Etebari
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Lucia Mundo
- Section of Pathology, Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Massimo Granai
- Section of Pathology, Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Department of Pathology, Tubingen University, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Stefano Lazzi
- Section of Pathology, Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | - Jiejin Li
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lorenzo Leoncini
- Section of Pathology, Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Visani
- Hematology and Transplant Center, AORMN Marche Nord, Pesaro, Italy
| | - Mauro Magnani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DISB), University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Piccaluga
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy.,School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy.,School of Health, Department of Pathology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
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6
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Rochford R. Reframing Burkitt lymphoma: virology not epidemiology defines clinical variants. ANNALS OF LYMPHOMA 2021; 5:22. [PMID: 34888589 PMCID: PMC8654190 DOI: 10.21037/aol-21-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In 1964, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was identified in a biopsy from a patient with Burkitt lymphoma (BL) launching a new field of study into this ubiquitous human virus. Almost 60 years later, insights into the role of EBV in lymphomagenesis are still emerging. While all BL carry the hallmark c-myc translocation, the epidemiologic classification of BL (e.g., endemic, sporadic or immunodeficiency-associated) has traditionally been used to define BL clinical variants. However, recent studies using molecular methods to characterize the transcriptional and genetic landscape of BL have identified several unique features are observed that distinguish EBV+ BL including a high level of activation induced deaminase mutation load, evidence of antigen selection in the B cell receptor, and a decreased mutation frequency of TCF3/ID3, all found predominantly in EBV+ compared to EBV- BL. In this review, the focus will be on summarizing recent studies that have done in depth characterization of genetic and transcriptional profiles of BL, describing the differences and similarities of EBV+ and EBV- BL, and what they reveal about the etiology of BL. The new studies put forth a compelling argument that the association with EBV should be the defining etiologic feature of clinical variants of BL. This reframing of BL has important implications for therapeutic interventions for BL that distinguish the EBV+ from the EBV- lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary Rochford
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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7
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Biomarkers for PTLD diagnosis and therapies. Pediatr Nephrol 2020; 35:1173-1181. [PMID: 31240394 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-019-04284-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) represents a spectrum of lymphoproliferative disorders and is a serious complication of pediatric transplantation. The majority of PTLD are associated with Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and the characteristic EBV+ B cell lymphomas are the leading post-transplant malignancy in children. EBV+ PTLD remains a formidable issue in pediatric transplantation and is thought to result from impaired immunity to EBV as a result of immunosuppression. However, the key viral and immune factors that determine whether EBV+ PTLD develops remain unknown. Recently, there has been much interest in developing biomarkers in order to improve and achieve more personalized approaches, in the clinical diagnosis, management, and treatment of EBV+ PTLD. Here, we review the status of immune-, viral-, and B cell lymphoma-derived candidates for biomarkers of EBV+ PTLD.
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8
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Piccaluga PP, Navari M, Visani A, Rigotti F, Agostinelli C, Righi S, Diani E, Ligozzi M, Carelli M, Ponti C, Bon I, Zipeto D, Landolfo S, Gibellini D. Interferon gamma inducible protein 16 (IFI16) expression is reduced in mantle cell lymphoma. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02643. [PMID: 31840115 PMCID: PMC6893061 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
IFI16, member of the IFN-inducible PYHIN-200 gene family, modulates proliferation, survival and differentiation of different cell lineages. In particular, IFI16 expression, which is regulated during the differentiation of B cells, was recently studied in B-CLL as well. Here, we compared IFI16 expression in several lymphomas including Burkitt lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, marginal zone lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma with respect to normal cell counterparts. We observed that IFI16 expression was significantly deregulated only in mantle cell lymphoma (p < 0.05). Notably, IFI16 was associated with the expression of genes involved in interferon response, cell cycle, cell death and proliferation and, interestingly, lipid and glucose metabolism, suggesting that IFI16 deregulation might be associated with relevant changes in cell biology. In our group of mantle cell lymphoma samples a correlation between patient survival and IFI16 expression was not detected even though mantle cell lymphoma prognosis is known to be associated with cell proliferation. Altogether, these results suggest a complex relationship between IFI16 expression and MCL which needs to be analyzed in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Paolo Piccaluga
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Istituto Euro-Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia (IEMEST) Palermo, Italy.,Department of Pathology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mohsen Navari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.,Research Center of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.,Bioinformatics Research Group, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Axel Visani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Flavia Rigotti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Agostinelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Righi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Erica Diani
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Unit of Microbiology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Ligozzi
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Unit of Microbiology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Carelli
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Unit of Microbiology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Cristina Ponti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Isabella Bon
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, Microbiology Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Donato Zipeto
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Santo Landolfo
- Department of Public Health and Microbiology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Davide Gibellini
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Unit of Microbiology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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9
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Etebari M, Navari M, Agostinelli C, Visani A, Peron C, Iqbal J, Inghirami G, Piccaluga PP. Transcriptional Analysis of Lennert Lymphoma Reveals a Unique Profile and Identifies Novel Therapeutic Targets. Front Genet 2019; 10:780. [PMID: 31552092 PMCID: PMC6748072 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lennert lymphoma (LL) is a lymphoepithelioid morphological variant of peripheral T-cell lymphoma-not otherwise specified (PTCL/NOS), clinically characterized by better prognosis if compared with other PTCL/NOS. Although well characterized as far as morphology and phenotype are concerned, very little is known regarding its molecular features. In this study, we investigated the transcriptional profile of this tumor aiming 1) to identify its cellular counterparts; 2) to better define its relation with other PTCLs-and, therefore, its possible position in lymphoma classification; and 3) to define pathogenetic mechanisms, possibly unveiling novel therapeutic targets. To address these issues, we performed gene and microRNA expression profiling on LL and other PTCL/NOS cases; we identified different genes and microRNAs that discriminated LL from other PTCL/NOS. Particularly, LL revealed a molecular signature significantly enriched in helper function and clearly distinguishable from other PTCL/NOS. Furthermore, PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway emerged as novel potential therapeutic target. In conclusion, based on the already known particular morphological and clinical features, the new molecular findings support the hypothesis that LL might be classified as a separate entity. Preclinical and clinical studies testing the efficacy of PI3K/MTOR inhibitors in this setting are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Etebari
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, Bologna University Medical School, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.,Research Center of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Mohsen Navari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.,Research Center of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.,Bioinformatics Research Group, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Claudio Agostinelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, Bologna University Medical School, Bologna, Italy
| | - Axel Visani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, Bologna University Medical School, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristiano Peron
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, Bologna University Medical School, Bologna, Italy
| | - Javeed Iqbal
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Giorgio Inghirami
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Pier Paolo Piccaluga
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, Bologna University Medical School, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics, Avant-Garde Therapies and Neurosciences (SBGN), Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy.,School of Health, Department of Pathology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
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10
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Wang M, Gu B, Chen X, Wang Y, Li P, Wang K. The Function and Therapeutic Potential of Epstein-Barr Virus-Encoded MicroRNAs in Cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 17:657-668. [PMID: 31400608 PMCID: PMC6698931 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human γ-herpesvirus that infects over 90% of the global population. EBV is considered a contributory factor in a variety of malignancies including nasopharyngeal carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, Burkitt lymphoma, and Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Notably, EBV was the first virus found to encode microRNAs (miRNAs). Increasing evidence indicates that EBV-encoded miRNAs contribute to the carcinogenesis and development of EBV-associated malignancies. EBV miRNAs have been shown to inhibit the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and immune signaling pathways. Therefore, EBV miRNAs perform a significant function in the complex host-virus interaction and EBV-driven carcinogenesis. However, the integrated mechanisms underlying the roles of EBV miRNAs in carcinogenesis remain to be further explored. In this review, we describe recent advances regarding the involvement of EBV miRNAs in the pathogenesis of EBV-associated malignancies and discuss their potential utility as cancer biomarkers. An in-depth investigation into the pro-carcinogenic role of EBV miRNAs will expand our knowledge of the biological processes associated with virus-driven tumors and contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of EBV-associated malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Dengzhou Road 38, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Bianli Gu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Xinzhe Chen
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Dengzhou Road 38, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Yefu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Dengzhou Road 38, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Dengzhou Road 38, Qingdao 266021, China.
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11
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Transcriptional analysis distinguishes breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma from other peripheral T-cell lymphomas. Mod Pathol 2019; 32:216-230. [PMID: 30206415 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-018-0130-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma is a new provisional entity in the revised World Health Organization classification of lymphoid malignancies, the pathogenesis and cell of origin of which are still unknown. We performed gene expression profiling of microdissected breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma samples and compared their transcriptional profiles with those previously obtained from normal T-cells and other peripheral T-cell lymphomas and validated expression of selected markers by immunohistochemistry. Our results indicate that most breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphomas exhibit an activated CD4+ memory T-cell phenotype, which is associated with CD25 and FoxP3 expression. Gene ontology analyses revealed upregulation of genes involved in cell motility programs (e.g., CCR6, MET, HGF, CXCL14) in breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphomas compared to normal CD4+ T-cells and upregulation of genes involved in myeloid cell differentiation (e.g., PPARg, JAK2, SPI-1, GAB2) and viral gene transcription (e.g., RPS10, RPL17, RPS29, RPL18A) compared to other types of peripheral T-cell lymphomas. Gene set enrichment analyses also revealed shared features between the molecular profiles of breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphomas and other types of anaplastic large cell lymphomas, including downregulation of T-cell receptor signaling and STAT3 activation. Our findings provide novel insights into the biology of this rare disease and further evidence that breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma represents a distinct peripheral T-cell lymphoma entity.
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12
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Gravelle P, Péricart S, Tosolini M, Fabiani B, Coppo P, Amara N, Traverse-Gléhen A, Van Acker N, Brousset P, Fournie JJ, Laurent C. EBV infection determines the immune hallmarks of plasmablastic lymphoma. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1486950. [PMID: 30288350 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1486950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent therapeutic progress, plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL), a distinct entity of high grade B cell lymphoma, is still an aggressive lymphoma with adverse prognosis. PBL commonly occurs in patients with HIV infection and PBL cells frequently express Epstein Barr virus (EBV) genome with type I latency. Occasionally however, PBL may develop in patients with an immunodepressed status without EBV and HIV infection. The aim of this study was to determine which PBL patients may benefit from the emerging strategies of immune checkpoint blockade. Here, we produced and analyzed the transcriptomic profiles of such tumors to address this question. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis of PBL samples revealed they segregate according to their tumor EBV-status. Moreover, EBV+ PBL displays abundant leucocyte infiltrates and T-cell activation signatures, together with high expression levels of mRNA and protein markers of immune escape. This suggests that EBV infection induce an anti-viral cytotoxic immunity which progressively exhausts T lymphocytes and promotes the tolerogenic microenvironment of PBL. Hence, most EBV+ PBL patients presenting an early stage of cancer immune-editing process appear as the most eligible patients for immune checkpoint blockade therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Gravelle
- Département de Pathologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Oncopole, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,INSERM, UMR 1037, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse-Purpan, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence 'TOUCAN', Toulouse, France.,Institut Carnot CALYM, Toulouse, France
| | - Sarah Péricart
- Département de Pathologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Oncopole, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,INSERM, UMR 1037, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse-Purpan, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence 'TOUCAN', Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Tosolini
- INSERM, UMR 1037, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse-Purpan, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence 'TOUCAN', Toulouse, France
| | - Bettina Fabiani
- Département de Pathologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Paul Coppo
- Service d'Hématologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,Centre de Référence des Microangiopathies thrombotiques, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris VI, Lyon, France.,Inserm U1170, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Nadia Amara
- Département de Pathologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Oncopole, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexandra Traverse-Gléhen
- Faculté de Médecine et de Maïeutique Lyon-Sud Charles Mérieux, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM 1052 CNRS 5286, Team "Clinical and Experimental Models of Lymphomagenesis", Oulins, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Nathalie Van Acker
- Département de Pathologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Oncopole, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Brousset
- Département de Pathologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Oncopole, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,INSERM, UMR 1037, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse-Purpan, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence 'TOUCAN', Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Fournie
- INSERM, UMR 1037, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse-Purpan, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence 'TOUCAN', Toulouse, France.,Inserm U1170, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,ERL 5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Laurent
- Département de Pathologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Oncopole, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,INSERM, UMR 1037, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse-Purpan, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence 'TOUCAN', Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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13
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Rezk SA, Zhao X, Weiss LM. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated lymphoid proliferations, a 2018 update. Hum Pathol 2018; 79:18-41. [PMID: 29885408 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been linked to many human neoplasms including hematopoietic, epithelial, and mesenchymal tumors. Since our original review of EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders in 2007, many advances and developments have been reported. In this review, we will examine the recent advances in EBV-associated lymphoid/histiocytic proliferations, dividing them into reactive, B cell, T/NK cell, immunodeficiency-related, and histiocytic/dendritic cell proliferations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif A Rezk
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine (UCI) Medical Center, Orange, 92868, CA.
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine (UCI) Medical Center, Orange, 92868, CA
| | - Lawrence M Weiss
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine (UCI) Medical Center, Orange, 92868, CA; NeoGenomics Laboratories, Aliso Viejo, 92656, CA
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14
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Navari M, Etebari M, Ibrahimi M, Leoncini L, Piccaluga PP. Pathobiologic Roles of Epstein-Barr Virus-Encoded MicroRNAs in Human Lymphomas. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1168. [PMID: 29649101 PMCID: PMC5979337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human γ-herpesvirus implicated in several human malignancies, including a wide range of lymphomas. Several molecules encoded by EBV in its latent state are believed to be related to EBV-induced lymphomagenesis, among which microRNAs-small RNAs with a posttranscriptional regulating role-are of great importance. The genome of EBV encodes 44 mature microRNAs belonging to two different classes, including BamHI-A rightward transcript (BART) and Bam HI fragment H rightward open reading frame 1 (BHRF1), with different expression levels in different EBV latency types. These microRNAs might contribute to the pathogenetic effects exerted by EBV through targeting self mRNAs and host mRNAs and interfering with several important cellular mechanisms such as immunosurveillance, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. In addition, EBV microRNAs can regulate the surrounding microenvironment of the infected cells through exosomal transportation. Moreover, these small molecules could be potentially used as molecular markers. In this review, we try to present an updated and extensive view of the role of EBV-encoded miRNAs in human lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Navari
- Research Center of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh 9516915169, Iran.
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Experimental Medicine, Bologna University School of Medicine, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Maryam Etebari
- Research Center of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh 9516915169, Iran.
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Experimental Medicine, Bologna University School of Medicine, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Mostafa Ibrahimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-111, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Lorenzo Leoncini
- Section of Pathology, Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Pier Paolo Piccaluga
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Experimental Medicine, Bologna University School of Medicine, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy.
- Department of Pathology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
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15
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Ambrosio MR, Mundo L, Gazaneo S, Picciolini M, Vara PS, Sayed S, Ginori A, Lo Bello G, Del Porro L, Navari M, Ascani S, Yonis A, Leoncini L, Piccaluga PP, Lazzi S. MicroRNAs sequencing unveils distinct molecular subgroups of plasmablastic lymphoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:107356-107373. [PMID: 29296171 PMCID: PMC5746073 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is an aggressive lymphoma, often arising in the context of immunodeficiency and associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. The most frequently detected genetic alteration is the deregulation of MYC gene through the translocation - t(8;14)(q24;q32). The diagnosis of PBL is often challenging because it has an overlap in morphology, immunophenotype, cytogenetics and virus association with other lymphomas and plasma cell neoplasms; further, its molecular basis remains elusive. In the present study we aimed to better define the possible contribution of EBV infection as well as miRNA deregulation in PBL pathogenesis. We studied 23 cases of PBL, 19 Burkitt lymphomas (BL), and 17 extra-medullary plasmacytoma (EMPC). We used qPCR and immunohistochemistry to assess EBV latency patterns, while micro-RNA (miRNA) profiling was performed by next generation sequencing (Illumina) and validated by qPCR. Our analysis revealed a non-canonical EBV latency program with the partial expression of some proteins characterizing latency II and the activation of an abortive lytic cycle. Moreover, we identified miRNA signatures discriminating PBL from BL and EMPC. Interestingly, based on the miRNA profile, PBL appeared constituted by two discrete subgroups more similar to either BL or EMPC, respectively. This pattern was confirmed in an independent set of cases studied by qPCR and corresponded to different clinico-pathological features in the two groups, including HIV infection, MYC rearrangement and disease localization. In conclusion, we uncovered for the first time 1) an atypical EBV latency program in PBL; 2) a miRNA signature distinguishing PBL from the closest malignant counterparts; 3) the molecular basis of PBL heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucia Mundo
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Section of Pathology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Sara Gazaneo
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Section of Pathology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Alessandro Ginori
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Section of Pathology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Pathology Unit, Ospedale Civico di Carrara, Carrara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lo Bello
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Section of Pathology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Leonardo Del Porro
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Section of Pathology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Mohsen Navari
- Research Center of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Experimental Medicine, Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefano Ascani
- Section of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera S. Maria di Terni, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Leoncini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Section of Pathology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Piccaluga
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Experimental Medicine, Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefano Lazzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Section of Pathology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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16
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Oduor CI, Movassagh M, Kaymaz Y, Chelimo K, Otieno J, Ong'echa JM, Moormann AM, Bailey JA. Human and Epstein-Barr Virus miRNA Profiling as Predictive Biomarkers for Endemic Burkitt Lymphoma. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:501. [PMID: 28400759 PMCID: PMC5368269 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endemic Burkitt lymphoma (eBL) is an aggressive B cell lymphoma and is associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Plasmodium falciparum malaria co-infections. Central to BL oncogenesis is the over-expression of the MYC proto-oncogene which is caused by a translocation of an Ig enhancer in approximation to the myc gene. While whole genome/transcriptome sequencing methods have been used to define driver mutations and transcriptional dysregulation, microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation and differential expression has yet to be fully characterized. We hypothesized that both human and EBV miRNAs contribute to eBL clinical presentation, disease progression, and poor outcomes. Using sensitive and precise deep sequencing, we identified miRNAs from 17 Kenyan eBL patient tumor samples and delineated the complement of both host and EBV miRNAs. One human miRNA, hsa-miR-10a-5p was found to be differentially expressed (DE), being down-regulated in jaw tumors relative to abdominal and in non-survivors compared to survivors. We also examined EBV miRNAs, which made up 2.7% of the miRNA composition in the eBL samples. However, we did not find any significant associations regarding initial patient outcome or anatomical presentation. Gene ontology analysis and pathway enrichment of previously validated targets of miR-10a-5p suggest that it can promote tumor cell survival as well as aid in evasion of apoptosis. To examine miR-10a-5p regulatory effect on gene expression in eBL, we performed a pairwise correlation coefficient analysis on the expression levels of all its validated targets. We found a significant enrichment of correlated target genes consistent with miR-10a-5p impacting expression. The functions of genes and their correlation fit with multiple target genes impacting tumor resilience. The observed downregulation of miR-10a and associated genes suggests a role for miRNA in eBL patient outcomes and has potential as a predictive biomarker that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cliff I Oduor
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research InstituteKisumu, Kenya; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Maseno UniversityMaseno, Kenya
| | - Mercedeh Movassagh
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Yasin Kaymaz
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Kiprotich Chelimo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Maseno University Maseno, Kenya
| | - Juliana Otieno
- Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital, Ministry of Medical Services Kisumu, Kenya
| | - John M Ong'echa
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Ann M Moormann
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Bailey
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcester, MA, USA; Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcester, MA, USA
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17
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Perucca S, Di Palma A, Piccaluga PP, Gemelli C, Zoratti E, Bassi G, Giacopuzzi E, Lojacono A, Borsani G, Tagliafico E, Scupoli MT, Bernardi S, Zanaglio C, Cattina F, Cancelli V, Malagola M, Krampera M, Marini M, Almici C, Ferrari S, Russo D. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) induce ex vivo proliferation and erythroid commitment of cord blood haematopoietic stem cells (CB-CD34+ cells). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172430. [PMID: 28231331 PMCID: PMC5322933 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell (MSCs) and cord blood-derived CD34+ stem cell co-culture system was set up in order to evaluate the proliferative and differentiative effects induced by MSCs on CD34+ stem cells, and the reciprocal influences on gene expression profiles. After 10 days of co-culture, non-adherent (SN-fraction) and adherent (AD-fraction) CD34+ stem cells were collected and analysed separately. In the presence of MSCs, a significant increase in CD34+ cell number was observed (fold increase = 14.68), mostly in the SN-fraction (fold increase = 13.20). This was combined with a significant increase in CD34+ cell differentiation towards the BFU-E colonies and with a decrease in the CFU-GM. These observations were confirmed by microarray analysis. Through gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), we noted a significant enrichment in genes involved in heme metabolism (e.g. LAMP2, CLCN3, BMP2K), mitotic spindle formation and proliferation (e.g. PALLD, SOS1, CCNA1) and TGF-beta signalling (e.g. ID1) and a down-modulation of genes participating in myeloid and lymphoid differentiation (e.g. PCGF2) in the co-cultured CD34+ stem cells. On the other hand, a significant enrichment in genes involved in oxygen-level response (e.g. TNFAIP3, SLC2A3, KLF6) and angiogenesis (e.g. VEGFA, IGF1, ID1) was found in the co-cultured MSCs. Taken together, our results suggest that MSCs can exert a priming effect on CD34+ stem cells, regulating their proliferation and erythroid differentiation. In turn, CD34+ stem cells seem to be able to polarise the BM-niche towards the vascular compartment by modulating molecular pathways related to hypoxia and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Perucca
- Unit of Blood Diseases and Stem Cells Transplantation, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Laboratorio CREA (Centro di Ricerca Emato-oncologica AIL), ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Palma
- Unit of Blood Diseases and Stem Cells Transplantation, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Laboratorio CREA (Centro di Ricerca Emato-oncologica AIL), ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Piccaluga
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
- Section of Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudia Gemelli
- Parco Scientifico e Tecnologico Materiali Innovativi e Ricerca Applicata del Mirandolese, Modena, Italy
| | - Elisa Zoratti
- Applied Research on Cancer-Network (ARC-NET), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giulio Bassi
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Edoardo Giacopuzzi
- Unit of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (DMTM), University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Lojacono
- U.O. of Obstetrics and Gynecology I, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Borsani
- Unit of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (DMTM), University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Enrico Tagliafico
- Centro di Ricerche Genomiche, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Scupoli
- Interdepartmental Laboratory of Medical Research (LURM), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Simona Bernardi
- Unit of Blood Diseases and Stem Cells Transplantation, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Laboratorio CREA (Centro di Ricerca Emato-oncologica AIL), ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Camilla Zanaglio
- Unit of Blood Diseases and Stem Cells Transplantation, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Laboratorio CREA (Centro di Ricerca Emato-oncologica AIL), ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Federica Cattina
- Unit of Blood Diseases and Stem Cells Transplantation, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Valeria Cancelli
- Unit of Blood Diseases and Stem Cells Transplantation, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michele Malagola
- Unit of Blood Diseases and Stem Cells Transplantation, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mauro Krampera
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mirella Marini
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Laboratory for Stem Cells Manipulation and Cryopreservation, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Camillo Almici
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Laboratory for Stem Cells Manipulation and Cryopreservation, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sergio Ferrari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Domenico Russo
- Unit of Blood Diseases and Stem Cells Transplantation, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- * E-mail:
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18
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Abstract
The vast majority of the human adult population is infected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and the majority of the EBV-infected individuals tolerates the infection well, without any further symptoms after primary infection. In cases of individuals which undergo primary infection in the form of an infectious mononucleosis, or which have undergone primary infection in their past, it is sometimes important to appraise symptomatic disease or differentiate infectious mononucleosis from other conditions. In these cases, serological methods, i.e., immunofluorescence, ELISA, or Western blot, are the methods of choice to come to an unequivocal diagnostic conclusion, while the detection and quantification of viral DNA through PCR plays a minor role.On the other hand, in a minority of the human population, EBV infection is associated or causally linked with autoimmune or malignant disease. Especially in the bone marrow or solid organ transplanted, or in otherwise severely immune-suppressed patients, prolonged EBV primary infection or EBV reactivation from latency may be a serious and life-threatening complication which needs to be diagnosed the faster the better, in order to take therapeutic steps in time. Determining the serostatus correctly is also important in these cases. However, the direct and quantitative detection of viral DNA are of importance for the diagnosis of serious EBV disease and its monitoring.In the following, we give an overview of diagnostic methods to accurately determine EBV serostatus and viral load. We evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each method and report on the diagnostic significance of each and how to resolve diagnostic problems in case of uncertainties. For practical procedures, we refer to the detailed instruction manuals of the respective test kit manufacturers which have to be closely followed for reliable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Helmut Niller
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Georg Bauer
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 11, Freiburg im Breisgau, D-79106, Germany
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19
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Piccaluga PP, Navari M, De Falco G, Ambrosio MR, Lazzi S, Fuligni F, Bellan C, Rossi M, Sapienza MR, Laginestra MA, Etebari M, Rogena EA, Tumwine L, Tripodo C, Gibellini D, Consiglio J, Croce CM, Pileri SA, Leoncini L. Virus-encoded microRNA contributes to the molecular profile of EBV-positive Burkitt lymphomas. Oncotarget 2016; 7:224-40. [PMID: 26325594 PMCID: PMC4807994 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive neoplasm characterized by consistent morphology and phenotype, typical clinical behavior and distinctive molecular profile. The latter is mostly driven by the MYC over-expression associated with the characteristic translocation (8;14) (q24; q32) or with variant lesions. Additional genetic events can contribute to Burkitt Lymphoma pathobiology and retain clinical significance. A pathogenetic role for Epstein-Barr virus infection in Burkitt lymphomagenesis has been suggested; however, the exact function of the virus is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the molecular profiles (genes and microRNAs) of Epstein-Barr virus-positive and -negative BL, to identify specific patterns relying on the differential expression and role of Epstein-Barr virus-encoded microRNAs. First, we found significant differences in the expression of viral microRNAs and in selected target genes. Among others, we identified LIN28B, CGNL1, GCET2, MRAS, PLCD4, SEL1L, SXX1, and the tyrosine kinases encoding STK10/STK33, all provided with potential pathogenetic significance. GCET2, also validated by immunohistochemistry, appeared to be a useful marker for distinguishing EBV-positive and EBV-negative cases. Further, we provided solid evidences that the EBV-encoded microRNAs (e.g. BART6) significantly mold the transcriptional landscape of Burkitt Lymphoma clones. In conclusion, our data indicated significant differences in the transcriptional profiles of EBV-positive and EBV-negative BL and highlight the role of virus encoded miRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Paolo Piccaluga
- Hematopathology Section, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Experimental Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mohsen Navari
- Hematopathology Section, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Experimental Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giulia De Falco
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Stefano Lazzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Fabio Fuligni
- Hematopathology Section, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Experimental Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristiana Bellan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Maura Rossi
- Hematopathology Section, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Experimental Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Sapienza
- Hematopathology Section, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Experimental Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Antonella Laginestra
- Hematopathology Section, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Experimental Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maryam Etebari
- Hematopathology Section, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Experimental Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emily A Rogena
- Department of Pathology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Claudio Tripodo
- Tumour Immunology Unit, Department of Health Science, Human Pathology Section, Palermo University School of Medicine, Palermo, Italy
| | - Davide Gibellini
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostic, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Jessica Consiglio
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Carlo M Croce
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stefano A Pileri
- Diagnostic Hematopathology Unit, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Leoncini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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20
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The Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) in T Cell and NK Cell Lymphomas: Time for a Reassessment. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2016; 10:456-67. [PMID: 26449716 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-015-0292-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
While Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was initially discovered and characterized as an oncogenic virus in B cell neoplasms, it also plays a complex and multifaceted role in T/NK cell lymphomas. In B cell lymphomas, EBV-encoded proteins have been shown to directly promote immortalization and proliferation through stimulation of the NF-κB pathway and increased expression of anti-apoptotic genes. In the context of mature T/NK lymphomas (MTNKL), with the possible exception on extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma (ENKTL), the virus likely plays a more diverse and nuanced role. EBV has been shown to shape the tumor microenvironment by promoting Th2-skewed T cell responses and by increasing the expression of the immune checkpoint ligand PD-L1. The type of cell infected, the amount of plasma EBV DNA, and the degree of viral lytic replication have all been proposed to have prognostic value in T/NK cell lymphomas. Latency patterns of EBV infection have been defined using EBV-infected B cell models and have not been definitively established in T/NK cell lymphomas. Identifying the expression profile of EBV lytic proteins could allow for individualized therapy with the use of antiviral medications. More work needs to be done to determine whether EBV-associated MTNKL have distinct biological and clinical features, which can be leveraged for risk stratification, disease monitoring, and therapeutic purposes.
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21
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Thomasini RL, Pereira FSM. Impact of different types of herpesviral infections in the oral cavity. World J Stomatol 2016; 5:22-27. [DOI: 10.5321/wjs.v5.i2.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The herpesviruses are ubiquitous, doubled-stranded DNA viruses that can reactivate under conditions such as immunosuppressive therapy, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, malnutrition, and immunosenescence. There are eight types of herpesviruses: Human herpesvirus simplex (HSV) type I (HSV-1) and HSV type II (HSV-2), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus, human herpesvirus (HHV)-6, HHV-7, and HHV-8 or Kaposi’s sarcoma herpesvirus. Some of these viruses can infect the oral cavity, leading to different types of lesions. Specifically, labial herpes (HSV-1 and less frequently HSV-2), zoster (VZV), infectious mononucleosis and oral hairy leukoplakia (EBV), and Kaposi’s Sarcoma (HHV-8) are the most common viruses infecting the oral cavity. Some of these viruses can act in synergy with other herpesviruses or as distinct infectious agents. Other herpesviruses may have indirect effects in periodontal disease. The diagnosis is frequently based on signs and symptoms and depends on the experience of the examiner. Cytopathologic and/or histopathologic examination as well as immunological methods such as ELISA could help to elucidate cases. In addition, molecular techniques which can be sensitive and specific have been reported in the literature. These methods require low amounts of sample and could offer results faster than other traditional methods.
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Epigenetic Alterations in Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 879:39-69. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-24738-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Effects of mTOR and calcineurin inhibitors combined therapy in Epstein-Barr virus positive and negative Burkitt lymphoma cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 30:9-17. [PMID: 26613512 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder is a severe complication in solid organ transplant recipients, which is highly associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection in pediatric patients and occasionally presents as Burkitt- or Burkitt-like lymphoma. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway has been described as a possible antitumor target whose inhibition may influence lymphoma development and proliferation after pediatric transplantation. We treated Epstein-Barr virus positive (Raji and Daudi) and negative (Ramos) human Burkitt lymphoma derived cells with mTOR inhibitor everolimus alone and in combination with clinically relevant immunosuppressive calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus or cyclosporin A). Cell proliferation, toxicity, and mitochondrial metabolic activity were analyzed. The effect on mTOR Complex 1 downstream targets p70 S6 kinase, eukaryotic initiation factor 4G, and S6 ribosomal protein activation was also investigated. We observed that treatment with everolimus alone significantly decreased Burkitt lymphoma cell proliferation and mitochondrial metabolic activity. Everolimus in combination with cyclosporin A had a stronger suppressive effect in Epstein-Barr virus negative but not in Epstein-Barr virus positive cells. In contrast, tacrolimus completely abolished the everolimus-mediated suppressive effects. Moreover, we showed a significant decrease in activation of mTOR Complex 1 downstream targets after treatment with everolimus that was attenuated when combined with tacrolimus, but not with cyclosporin A. For the first time we showed the competitive effect between everolimus and tacrolimus when used as combination therapy on Burkitt lymphoma derived cells. Thus, according to our in vitro data, the combination of calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporin A with everolimus is preferred to the combination of tacrolimus and everolimus.
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Navari M, Etebari M, De Falco G, Ambrosio MR, Gibellini D, Leoncini L, Piccaluga PP. The presence of Epstein-Barr virus significantly impacts the transcriptional profile in immunodeficiency-associated Burkitt lymphoma. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:556. [PMID: 26113842 PMCID: PMC4462103 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive neoplasm derived from mature, antigen-experienced B-lymphocytes. Three clinical/epidemiological variants have been recognized, named sporadic, endemic and immunodeficiency-associated BL (ID-BL). Although they are listed within a unique entity in the current WHO Classification, recent evidence indicated genetic and transcriptional differences among the three sub-groups. Further, the presence of latently persisting Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been associated with specific features in endemic and sporadic cases. In this study, we explored for the first time whether EBV infection could be related with a specific molecular profile in immunodeficiency-associated cases. We studied 30 BL cases, including nine occurring in HIV-positive patients (5 EBV-positive and 4 EBV-negative) by gene and microRNA (miRNA) expression profiling. We found that ID-BL presented with different profiles based on EBV presence. Specifically, 252 genes were differentially expressed, some of them being involved in intracellular signaling and apoptosis regulation. Furthermore, 28 miRNAs including both EBV-encoded (N = 18) and cellular (N = 10) ones were differentially regulated. Of note, genes previously demonstrated to be targeted by such miRNA were consistently found among differentially expressed genes, indicating the relevant contribution of miRNA to the molecular profile of the examined cases. Grippingly, 17 out of the 252 differentially expressed genes turned out to be potentially targeted by both cellular and EBV-encoded miRNA, suggesting a complex interaction and not excluding a potential synergism. In conclusion, we documented transcriptional differences based on the presence of EBV in ID-BL, and suggested a complex interaction between cellular and viral molecules in the determination of the global molecular profile of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Navari
- Hematopathology Section, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna University School of Medicine Bologna, Italy ; Department of Basic Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Maryam Etebari
- Hematopathology Section, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna University School of Medicine Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia De Falco
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London London, UK
| | - Maria R Ambrosio
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena Siena, Italy
| | - Davide Gibellini
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Pathology and Diagnostic, University of Verona Verona, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Leoncini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena Siena, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Piccaluga
- Hematopathology Section, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna University School of Medicine Bologna, Italy
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