1
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Lau DYL, Aguirre Sánchez JR, Baker-Austin C, Martinez-Urtaza J. What Whole Genome Sequencing Has Told Us About Pathogenic Vibrios. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1404:337-352. [PMID: 36792883 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-22997-8_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
When the first microbial genome sequences were published just 20 years ago, our understanding regarding the microbial world changed dramatically. The genomes of the first pathogenic vibrios sequenced, including Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus revealed a functional and phylogenetic diversity previously unimagined as well as a genome structure indelibly shaped by horizontal gene transfer. The initial glimpses into these organisms also revealed a genomic plasticity that allowed these bacteria to thrive in challenging and varied aquatic and marine environments, but critically also a suite of pathogenicity attributes. In this review we outline how our understanding of vibrios has changed over the last two decades with the advent of genomics and advances in bioinformatic and data analysis techniques, it has become possible to provide a more cohesive understanding regarding these bacteria: how these pathogens have evolved and emerged from environmental sources, their evolutionary routes through time and space, how they interact with other bacteria and the human host, as well as initiate disease. We outline novel approaches to the use of whole genome sequencing for this important group of bacteria and how new sequencing technologies may be applied to study these organisms in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Yan Lam Lau
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture (CEFAS), Weymouth, Dorset, UK
| | - Jose Roberto Aguirre Sánchez
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture (CEFAS), Weymouth, Dorset, UK.,Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Craig Baker-Austin
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture (CEFAS), Weymouth, Dorset, UK
| | - Jaime Martinez-Urtaza
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture (CEFAS), Weymouth, Dorset, UK. .,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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2
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Brumfield KD, Usmani M, Chen KM, Gangwar M, Jutla AS, Huq A, Colwell RR. Environmental parameters associated with incidence and transmission of pathogenic Vibrio spp. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:7314-7340. [PMID: 34390611 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio spp. thrive in warm water and moderate salinity, and they are associated with aquatic invertebrates, notably crustaceans and zooplankton. At least 12 Vibrio spp. are known to cause infection in humans, and Vibrio cholerae is well documented as the etiological agent of pandemic cholera. Pathogenic non-cholera Vibrio spp., e.g., Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus, cause gastroenteritis, septicemia, and other extra-intestinal infections. Incidence of vibriosis is rising globally, with evidence that anthropogenic factors, primarily emissions of carbon dioxide associated with atmospheric warming and more frequent and intense heatwaves, significantly influence environmental parameters, e.g., temperature, salinity, and nutrients, all of which can enhance growth of Vibrio spp. in aquatic ecosystems. It is not possible to eliminate Vibrio spp., as they are autochthonous to the aquatic environment and many play a critical role in carbon and nitrogen cycling. Risk prediction models provide an early warning that is essential for safeguarding public health. This is especially important for regions of the world vulnerable to infrastructure instability, including lack of 'water, sanitation, and hygiene' (WASH), and a less resilient infrastructure that is vulnerable to natural calamity, e.g., hurricanes, floods, and earthquakes, and/or social disruption and civil unrest, arising from war, coups, political crisis, and economic recession. Incorporating environmental, social, and behavioural parameters into such models allows improved prediction, particularly of cholera epidemics. We have reported that damage to WASH infrastructure, coupled with elevated air temperatures and followed by above average rainfall, promotes exposure of a population to contaminated water and increases the risk of an outbreak of cholera. Interestingly, global predictive risk models successful for cholera have the potential, with modification, to predict diseases caused by other clinically relevant Vibrio spp. In the research reported here, the focus was on environmental parameters associated with incidence and distribution of clinically relevant Vibrio spp. and their role in disease transmission. In addition, molecular methods designed for detection and enumeration proved useful for predictive modelling and are described, namely in the context of prediction of environmental conditions favourable to Vibrio spp., hence human health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D Brumfield
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.,University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Moiz Usmani
- Geohealth and Hydrology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kristine M Chen
- Geohealth and Hydrology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mayank Gangwar
- Geohealth and Hydrology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Antarpreet S Jutla
- Geohealth and Hydrology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Anwar Huq
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Rita R Colwell
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.,University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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3
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Choi S, Kim BS, Hwang J, Kim MH. Reduced virulence of the MARTX toxin increases the persistence of outbreak-associated Vibrio vulnificus in host reservoirs. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100777. [PMID: 33992647 PMCID: PMC8191300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Opportunistic bacteria strategically dampen their virulence to allow them to survive and propagate in hosts. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying virulence control are not clearly understood. Here, we found that the opportunistic pathogen Vibrio vulnificus biotype 3, which caused an outbreak of severe wound and intestinal infections associated with farmed tilapia, secretes significantly less virulent multifunctional autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin (MARTX) toxin, which is the most critical virulence factor in other clinical Vibrio strains. The biotype 3 MARTX toxin contains a cysteine protease domain (CPD) evolutionarily retaining a unique autocleavage site and a distinct β-flap region. CPD autoproteolytic activity is attenuated following its autocleavage because of the β-flap region. This β-flap blocks the active site, disabling further autoproteolytic processing and release of the modularly structured effector domains within the toxin. Expression of this altered CPD consequently results in attenuated release of effectors by the toxin and significantly reduces the virulence of V. vulnificus biotype 3 in cells and in mice. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that this virulence mechanism is shared in all biotype 3 strains. Thus, these data provide new insights into the mechanisms by which opportunistic bacteria persist in an environmental reservoir, prolonging the potential to cause outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghyeon Choi
- Infection and Immunity Research Laboratory, Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea; Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Byoung Sik Kim
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jungwon Hwang
- Infection and Immunity Research Laboratory, Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea.
| | - Myung Hee Kim
- Infection and Immunity Research Laboratory, Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea.
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4
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Cave R, Misra R, Chen J, Wang S, Mkrtchyan HV. Comparative Genomics Analysis Demonstrated a Link Between Staphylococci Isolated From Different Sources: A Possible Public Health Risk. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:576696. [PMID: 33716994 PMCID: PMC7947369 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.576696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) have been recovered from different ecological niches, however, little is known about the genetic relatedness of these isolates. In this study, we used whole genome sequencing to compare mecA positive (mecA +) Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Staphylococcus hominis isolates recovered from hand-touched surfaces from general public settings in East and West London with data of isolates deposited to European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) by other research groups. These included isolates associated with hospital settings (including those recovered from patients), healthy humans, livestock, pets, plants and natural, and other public environments. Using core and accessory phylogenetic analyses we were able to identify that the mecA+ S. epidermidis and S. haemolyticus isolates recovered from general public settings were genetically related to isolates recovered from the bloodstream, urinary tract and eye infections. S. epidermidis isolates recovered in our study were also shown to be genetically related to isolates previously recovered from livestock/livestock housing, whereas S. haemolyticus isolates were genetically related to isolates recovered from a dog and kefir (fermented cow milk drink). MecA + S. hominis isolates were not genetically related to any isolates recovered from clinical samples but were genetically related to isolates recovered from mosquitoes, air samples (residential areas) and kefir. All three species showed to have genetic relatedness to isolates recovered from healthy humans. These results show that CoNS isolates in this study share genetic similarities with those of different lineages and that mecA+ S. epidermidis and S. haemolyticus isolates found in general public settings in this study may pose a risk to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory Cave
- School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Raju Misra
- Natural History Museum, Core Research Laboratories, Molecular Biology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jiazhen Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyong Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hermine V Mkrtchyan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of West London, London, United Kingdom
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5
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Bisharat N, Koton Y, Oliver JD. Phylogeography of the marine pathogen, Vibrio vulnificus, revealed the ancestral scenarios of its evolution. Microbiologyopen 2020; 9:e1103. [PMID: 32779403 PMCID: PMC7520988 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus is the leading cause of seafood‐associated deaths worldwide. Despite the growing knowledge about the population structure of V. vulnificus, the evolutionary history and the ancestral relationships of strains isolated from various regions around the world have not been determined. Using the largest collection of sequence and isolate data of V. vulnificus to date, we applied ancestral character reconstruction to study the phylogeography of V. vulnificus. Multilocus sequence typing data from 10 housekeeping genes were used for the inference of ancestral states and reconstruction of the evolutionary history. The findings showed that the common ancestor of all V. vulnificus populations originated from East Asia, and later evolved into two main clusters that spread with time and eventually evolved into distinct populations in different parts of the world. While we found no meaningful insights concerning the evolution of V. vulnificus populations in the Middle East; however, we were able to reconstruct the ancestral scenarios of its evolution in East Asia, North America, and Western Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiel Bisharat
- Department of Medicine D, Emek Medical Center, Clalit Health Services, Afula, Israel.,Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Israel Institute of Technology-Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yael Koton
- Department of Medicine D, Emek Medical Center, Clalit Health Services, Afula, Israel.,Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Israel Institute of Technology-Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - James D Oliver
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
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6
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Hernández-Cabanyero C, Amaro C. Phylogeny and life cycle of the zoonotic pathogen Vibrio vulnificus. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:4133-4148. [PMID: 32567215 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus is a zoonotic pathogen able to cause diseases in humans and fish that occasionally result in sepsis and death. Most reviews about this pathogen (including those related to its ecology) are clearly biased towards its role as a human pathogen, emphasizing its relationship with oysters as its main reservoir, the role of the known virulence factors as well as the clinic and the epidemiology of the human disease. This review tries to give to the reader a wider vision of the biology of this pathogen covering aspects related to its phylogeny and evolution and filling the gaps in our understanding of the general strategies that V. vulnificus uses to survive outside and inside its two main hosts, the human and the eel, and how its response to specific environmental parameters determines its survival, its death, or the triggering of an infectious process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen Amaro
- ERI-Biotecmed, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner, 50, Valencia, 46100, Spain
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7
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Roig FJ, González-Candelas F, Sanjuán E, Fouz B, Feil EJ, Llorens C, Baker-Austin C, Oliver JD, Danin-Poleg Y, Gibas CJ, Kashi Y, Gulig PA, Morrison SS, Amaro C. Phylogeny of Vibrio vulnificus from the Analysis of the Core-Genome: Implications for Intra-Species Taxonomy. Front Microbiol 2018; 8:2613. [PMID: 29358930 PMCID: PMC5765525 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus (Vv) is a multi-host pathogenic species currently subdivided into three biotypes (Bts). The three Bts are human-pathogens, but only Bt2 is also a fish-pathogen, an ability that is conferred by a transferable virulence-plasmid (pVvbt2). Here we present a phylogenomic analysis from the core genome of 80 Vv strains belonging to the three Bts recovered from a wide range of geographical and ecological sources. We have identified five well-supported phylogenetic groups or lineages (L). L1 comprises a mixture of clinical and environmental Bt1 strains, most of them involved in human clinical cases related to raw seafood ingestion. L2 is formed by a mixture of Bt1 and Bt2 strains from various sources, including diseased fish, and is related to the aquaculture industry. L3 is also linked to the aquaculture industry and includes Bt3 strains exclusively, mostly related to wound infections or secondary septicemia after farmed-fish handling. Lastly, L4 and L5 include a few strains of Bt1 associated with specific geographical areas. The phylogenetic trees for ChrI and II are not congruent to one another, which suggests that inter- and/or intra-chromosomal rearrangements have been produced along Vv evolution. Further, the phylogenetic trees for each chromosome and the virulence plasmid were also not congruent, which also suggests that pVvbt2 has been acquired independently by different clones, probably in fish farms. From all these clones, the one with zoonotic capabilities (Bt2-Serovar E) has successfully spread worldwide. Based on these results, we propose a new updated classification of the species based on phylogenetic lineages rather than on Bts, as well as the inclusion of all Bt2 strains in a pathovar with the particular ability to cause fish vibriosis, for which we suggest the name "piscis."
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Roig
- Estructura de Investigación Interdisciplinar en Biotecnología y Biomedicina BIOTECMED, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Departmento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Biotechvana, Parc Cientific, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando González-Candelas
- Joint Research Unit on Infection and Public Health FISABIO-Salud Pública and Universitat de Valencia-I2SysBio, Valencia, Spain.,CIBEResp, National Network Center for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva Sanjuán
- Estructura de Investigación Interdisciplinar en Biotecnología y Biomedicina BIOTECMED, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Departmento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Belén Fouz
- Estructura de Investigación Interdisciplinar en Biotecnología y Biomedicina BIOTECMED, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Departmento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Edward J Feil
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Llorens
- Biotechvana, Parc Cientific, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Craig Baker-Austin
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, United Kingdom
| | - James D Oliver
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States.,Duke University Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC, United States
| | - Yael Danin-Poleg
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Cynthia J Gibas
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Yechezkel Kashi
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Paul A Gulig
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Shatavia S Morrison
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Carmen Amaro
- Estructura de Investigación Interdisciplinar en Biotecnología y Biomedicina BIOTECMED, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Departmento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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8
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Dias GM, Bidault A, Le Chevalier P, Choquet G, Der Sarkissian C, Orlando L, Medigue C, Barbe V, Mangenot S, Thompson CC, Thompson FL, Jacq A, Pichereau V, Paillard C. Vibrio tapetis Displays an Original Type IV Secretion System in Strains Pathogenic for Bivalve Molluscs. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:227. [PMID: 29515533 PMCID: PMC5825899 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Brown Ring Disease (BRD) caused high mortality rates since 1986 in the Manila clam Venerupis philippinarum introduced and cultured in Western Europe from the 1970s. The causative agent of BRD is a Gram-Negative bacterium, Vibrio tapetis, which is also pathogenic to fish. Here we report the first assembly of the complete genome of V. tapetis CECT4600T, together with the genome sequences of 16 additional strains isolated across a broad host and geographic range. Our extensive genome dataset allowed us to describe the pathogen pan- and core genomes and to identify putative virulence factors. The V. tapetis core genome consists of 3,352 genes, including multiple potential virulence factors represented by haemolysins, transcriptional regulators, Type I restriction modification system, GGDEF domain proteins, several conjugative plasmids, and a Type IV secretion system. Future research on the coevolutionary arms race between V. tapetis virulence factors and host resistance mechanisms will improve our understanding of how pathogenicity develops in this emerging pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela M. Dias
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539 UBO/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/IRD/Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Plouzané, France
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adeline Bidault
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539 UBO/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/IRD/Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Plouzané, France
| | - Patrick Le Chevalier
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marine, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Quimper, France
| | - Gwenaëlle Choquet
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539 UBO/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/IRD/Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Plouzané, France
| | - Clio Der Sarkissian
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ludovic Orlando
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Laboratoire d'Anthropobiologie Moléculaire et d'Imagerie de Synthèse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Claudine Medigue
- CEA, Genoscope, Laboratoire d'Analyses Bioinformatiques pour la Génomique et le Métabolisme, Université d'Evry, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-UMR 8030, Evry, France
| | - Valerie Barbe
- CEA, Genoscope, Laboratoire d'Analyses Bioinformatiques pour la Génomique et le Métabolisme, Université d'Evry, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-UMR 8030, Evry, France
| | - Sophie Mangenot
- CEA, Institut de biologie François-Jacob, Genoscope, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire pour l'Etude des Génomes, Evry, France
| | - Cristiane C. Thompson
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabiano L. Thompson
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Annick Jacq
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, CEA, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Vianney Pichereau
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539 UBO/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/IRD/Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Plouzané, France
| | - Christine Paillard
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539 UBO/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/IRD/Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Plouzané, France
- *Correspondence: Christine Paillard
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9
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Baker-Austin C, Oliver JD. Vibrio vulnificus: new insights into a deadly opportunistic pathogen. Environ Microbiol 2017; 20:423-430. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Craig Baker-Austin
- Weymouth Laboratory; Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, Weymouth; Dorset DT4 8UB England
| | - James D. Oliver
- Department of Biology; University of North Carolina at Charlotte; Charlotte NC USA
- Duke University Marine Laboratory; Durham NC USA
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10
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Hori M, Nakayama A, Kitagawa D, Fukushima H, Asai H, Kawai Y, Okuchi K. A case of Vibrio vulnificus infection complicated with fulminant purpura: gene and biotype analysis of the pathogen. JMM Case Rep 2017; 4:e005096. [PMID: 29026623 PMCID: PMC5630965 DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.005096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction.Vibrio vulnificus (V. vulnificus) causes a severe infection that develops in the compromised host. Its pathophysiology is classified into three types: (1) primary septicaemia, (2) gastrointestinal illness pattern and (3) wound infection pattern. Of these, primary septicaemia is critical. V. vulnificus can be classified into three biotypes and two genotypes and its pathogenicity is type-dependent. Case presentation. A 47-year-old man presented to a local hospital with chief complaints of fever, bilateral lower limb pain and diarrhoea. He had no history of foreign travel or known medical problems. He was in septic shock and developed fulminant purpura within 24 h of the onset. High-dose vasopressor and antibiotic administration failed to alter his status and he died 3 days after the onset of symptoms. V. vulnificus was isolated from blood, skin and nasal discharge cultures. Biotype and gene analysis of the microbe isolated identified it as Biotype 3, mainly reported in Israel in wound infections, and Genotype E, implicating an environmental isolate. These typing analyses indicated that the microbe isolated could be classified as a type with low pathogenicity. Conclusion. This case highlighted that Biotype 3 and Genotype E can also cause primary septicaemia. Although the majority of reports on Biotype 3 have been from the Middle East, this experience with the present case provided evidence that the habitat of Biotype 3 V. vulnificus has been extending to East Asia as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Hori
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Akifumi Nakayama
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Health Sciences, Gifu University of Medical Science, 795-1 Aza-Nagamine, Ichihiraga, Seki City, Seki, Gifu, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kitagawa
- Department of Central Laboratory Medicine, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Hiramatsu, Nara, Nara Prefecture 631-0846, Japan
| | - Hidetada Fukushima
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Hideki Asai
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kawai
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Kazuo Okuchi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
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11
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Kim BS, Satchell KJF. MARTX effector cross kingdom activation by Golgi-associated ADP-ribosylation factors. Cell Microbiol 2016; 18:1078-93. [PMID: 26780191 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus infects humans and causes lethal septicemia. The primary virulence factor is a multifunctional-autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin (MARTX) toxin consisting of conserved repeats-containing regions and various effector domains. Recent genomic analyses for the newly emerged V. vulnificus biotype 3 strain revealed that its MARTX toxin has two previously unknown effector domains. Herein, we characterized one of these domains, Domain X (DmXVv ). A structure-based homology search revealed that DmXVv belongs to the C58B cysteine peptidase subfamily. When ectopically expressed in cells, DmXVv was autoprocessed and induced cytopathicity including Golgi dispersion. When the catalytic cysteine or the region flanking the scissile bond was mutated, both autoprocessing and cytopathicity were significantly reduced indicating that DmXVv cytopathicity is activated by amino-terminal autoprocessing. Consistent with this, host cell protein export was affected by Vibrio cells producing a toxin with wild-type, but not catalytically inactive, DmXVv . DmXVv was found to localize to Golgi and to directly interact with Golgi-associated ADP-ribosylation factors ARF1, ARF3 and ARF4, although ARF binding was not necessary for the subcellular localization. Rather, this interaction was found to induce autoprocessing of DmXVv . These data demonstrate that the V. vulnificus hijacks the host ARF proteins to activate the cytopathic DmXVv effector domain of MARTX toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung Sik Kim
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Karla J F Satchell
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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