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Cavalca LB, Atlason ÚÁ, Trofin A, Ribeiro CM, Pavan FR, Deuss PJ, Scheffers DJ. Selectivity and Activity of Benzene-1,2,4-triol and its Dimers as Antimicrobial Compounds Against Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300616. [PMID: 38305754 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Citrus canker, caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, is one of the main threats to citrus fruit production. Several phenolic compounds active against X. citri have been described in recent years. Benzene-1,2,4-triol is a bio-based phenolic compound that has shown high potential as a scaffold for the synthesis of new anti-X. citri compounds. However, benzene-1,2,4-triol is prone to oxidative dimerization. We evaluated the antibacterial activity of benzene-1,2,4-triol, its oxidized dimers, and analogous compounds. Benzene-1,2,4-triol has a low inhibitory concentration against X. citri (0.05 mM) and is also active against other bacterial species. Spontaneous formation of benzenetriol dimers (e. g. by contact with oxygen in aqueous solution) reduced the antimicrobial activity of benzenetriol solutions. Dimers themselves displayed lower antibacterial activity and where shown to be more stable in solution. Unlike many other phenolic compounds with anti-X. citri activity, benzene-1,2,4-triol does not act by membrane permeabilization, but seems to limit the availability of iron to cells. Benzene-1,2,4-triol is widely recognized as toxic - our results indicate that the toxicity of benzene-1,2,4-triol is largely due to spontaneously formed dimers. Stabilization of benzene-1,2,4-triol will be required to allow the safe use of this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lúcia B Cavalca
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Úlfur Á Atlason
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandru Trofin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Camila M Ribeiro
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Fernando R Pavan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Peter J Deuss
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk-Jan Scheffers
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Rúa J, Sanz-Gómez J, Maestro S, Caro I, García-Armesto MR. Antimicrobial Effect of Lippia citriodora Extract in Combination with Gallic Acid or Octyl Gallate on Bacteria from Meat. Foods 2024; 13:1643. [PMID: 38890871 PMCID: PMC11172128 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Chicken meat and its derivatives are easily alterable. They are a nutritionally healthy food, and their consumption has seen a remarkable increase worldwide in recent years. At the same time, consumer demand for the use of natural products to control microbial growth is increasing. In this context, the antimicrobial capacity of a commercial extract of the lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora) plant, (LCE) was tested in binary combination with gallic acid or octyl gallate against two strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) of meat origin: Carnobacterium divergens ATCC 35677 and Leuconostoc carnosum ATCC 49367. First, the antimicrobial potential was evaluated by the checkerboard microdilution method at the optimal growth temperature of each and at 4 °C, pH 5.7 and 6.7, in culture medium. Octyl gallate was the most effective antimicrobial against the two bacteria under all study conditions. At 4 °C, the combination of LCE with octyl gallate had a similar antimicrobial effect on the two LAB, being bactericidal at pH 6.7. In chicken breast, this effective combination was tested in normal or modified atmosphere and refrigerated (4-8 °C) for 9 days. LCE + OG in modified atmosphere reduced the different microbial groups studied, including the lactic acid bacteria as the main microorganisms responsible for the spoilage of fresh meat. Further research could pave the way for the development of novel strategies contributing to the technological stability, security, and functional properties of chicken meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rúa
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of León, 24007 León, Spain; (J.R.)
- Institute of Food Science and Technology (ICTAL), La Serna 58, 24007 León, Spain;
- ALINS—Food Nutrition and Safety Investigation Group, University of León, 24007 León, Spain
| | - Javier Sanz-Gómez
- Institute of Food Science and Technology (ICTAL), La Serna 58, 24007 León, Spain;
- ALINS—Food Nutrition and Safety Investigation Group, University of León, 24007 León, Spain
| | - Sheila Maestro
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of León, 24007 León, Spain; (J.R.)
| | - Irma Caro
- Area of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
| | - María Rosario García-Armesto
- Institute of Food Science and Technology (ICTAL), La Serna 58, 24007 León, Spain;
- ALINS—Food Nutrition and Safety Investigation Group, University of León, 24007 León, Spain
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, University of León, 24007 León, Spain
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Wang Q, Wang X, Cai D, Yu J, Chen X, Niu W, Wang S, Liu X, Zhou D, Yin F. Hydrolysis and Transport Characteristics of Phospholipid Complex of Alkyl Gallates: Potential Sustained Release of Alkyl Gallate and Gallic Acid. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:2145-2153. [PMID: 38226868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Phospholipid complexes of alkyl gallates (A-GAs) including ethyl gallate (EG), propyl gallate (PG), and butyl gallate (BG) were successfully prepared by the thin film dispersion method. HPLC-UV analysis in an everted rat gut sac model indicated that A-GAs can be liberated from phospholipid complexes, which were further hydrolyzed by intestinal lipase to generate free gallic acid (GA). Both A-GAs and GA are able to cross the membrane, and the hydrolysis rate of A-GAs and the transport rate of GA are positively correlated with the alkyl chain length. Especially, compared with the corresponding physical mixtures, the phospholipid complexes exhibit slower sustained-release of A-GAs and GA. Therefore, the formation of phospholipid complexes is an effective approach to prolong the residence time in vivo and additionally enhance the bioactivities of A-GAs and GA. More importantly, through regulating the carbon skeleton lengths, controlled-release of alkyl gallates and gallic acid from phospholipid complexes will be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory for Marine Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinmiao Wang
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory for Marine Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Cai
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory for Marine Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghan Yu
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory for Marine Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiyuan Niu
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory for Marine Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, People's Republic of China
| | - Siya Wang
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory for Marine Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory for Marine Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, People's Republic of China
| | - Dayong Zhou
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory for Marine Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, People's Republic of China
| | - Fawen Yin
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory for Marine Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, People's Republic of China
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Bouguellid G, Debbache-Benaida N, Atmani-Kilani D, Russo C, Lavorgna M, Piscitelli C, Ayouni K, Berboucha-Rahmani M, Isidori M, Atmani D. Pistacia lentiscus L. fruits showed promising antimutagenic and antigenotoxic activity using both in-vitro and in-vivo test systems. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2022; 85:603-621. [PMID: 35387576 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2022.2057885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pistacia lentiscus L. is one of the most popular medicinal plants attributed to its beneficial properties on human health. However, few toxicogenetic studies have been carried out. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the potential genotoxic/antigenotoxic and mutagenic/antimutagenic properties of oil, ethyl acetate and ethanolic extracts of P. lentiscus L. fruits using in vitro the Ames and Umu assays, as well as in vivo micronucleus (MN) test. Extracts did not exert any significant mutagenic/genotoxic effects but provided protection against standard mutagenic and genotoxic agents including 2 nitrofluorene (2-NF) at 2.5 and 5 µg/ml; sodium azide at 5 and 10 µg/ml; 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) at 25 and 50 μg/ml; cyclophosphamide (CP) at 50 and 100 μg/ml; 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) at 0.05 µg/ml and 2-amino-anthracene (AA) at 0.2 µg/ml. Further, cytotoxicity and selectivity were examined on human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2), and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines as well as a human normal-like fibroblast cell line (TelCOFS02MA) using MTT assay. Among all extracts, PF1 (ethanolic) showed the most significant selectivity index (SI) (HepG2:11.98; MCF7:4.83), which led to further investigations using an animal model. Oral administration of PF1 (125-1000 mg/kg b.w.) significantly decreased the number of micronucleated cells in CP -initiated (50 mg/kg b.w.) mice, while the number of micronucleated reticulocytes (MNRET), micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) or mitotic index (MI) were not markedly affected. Further, PF1 significantly enhanced catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the livers and kidneys of these animals. The obtained results indicated the beneficial properties of P. lentiscus L. fruits for use in therapy against harmful effects of genotoxic and mutagenic agents. However, while promising it should be noted that the obtained results are preliminary and need to be confirmed prior to therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghania Bouguellid
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, 06000, Algeria
| | - Nadjet Debbache-Benaida
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, 06000, Algeria
| | - Dina Atmani-Kilani
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, 06000, Algeria
| | - Chiara Russo
- Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e , Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Margherita Lavorgna
- Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e , Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Concetta Piscitelli
- Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e , Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Karima Ayouni
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, 06000, Algeria
| | - Meriem Berboucha-Rahmani
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, 06000, Algeria
| | - Marina Isidori
- Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e , Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Djebbar Atmani
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, 06000, Algeria
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Essa BM, Selim AA, El-Kawy OA, Abdelaziz G. Preparation and preliminary evaluation study of [ 131I]iodocolchicine-gallic-AuNPs: a potential scintigraphic agent for inflammation detection. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 98:1358-1365. [PMID: 35285765 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2047824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanomedicine offers great potential for scintigraphic diagnostic imaging with lower risk and higher quality compared to other traditional techniques. OBJECTIVES This work aimed to develop and evaluate gold nanoparticles combined with gallic acid (gallic-AuNPs) and [131I]iodocolchicine as a scintigraphic probe for inflammation. METHODS [131I]iodocolchicine-gallic-AuNPs were synthesized via chemical reduction method where gallic acid was used as reducing agent and [131I]iodocolchicine was used as stabilizing agent. Then a characteristic profile for the synthesized nano-platform was performed including size analysis, zeta potential, radiochemical yield and in-vivo biodistribution in inflammation bearing mice. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION This platform was successfully synthesized with good stability, appropriate particle size (10 nm diameter for AuNPs), and high radiochemical purity for [131I]iodocolchicine (96.79%). The in-vivo study indicated that [131I]iodocolchicine-gallic-AuNPs accumulated with a high target to non-target ratio in intravenous injection and high retention value in intra-inflammation injection in inflammation model. The obtained data supported the usefulness of the new platform ([131I]iodocolchicine-gallic-AuNPs) as a tracer for the detection and localization of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma M Essa
- Radioactive Isotopes and Generators Department, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Adli A Selim
- Labelled Compounds Department, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - O A El-Kawy
- Labelled Compounds Department, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gamal Abdelaziz
- Labelled Compounds Department, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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6
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Antibacterial action and target mechanisms of zinc oxide nanoparticles against bacterial pathogens. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2658. [PMID: 35173244 PMCID: PMC8850488 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06657-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are one of the most widely used nanoparticulate materials due to their antimicrobial properties, but their main mechanism of action (MOA) has not been fully elucidated. This study characterized ZnO NPs by using X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Antimicrobial activity of ZnO NPs against the clinically relevant bacteria Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the Gram-positive model Bacillus subtilis was evaluated by performing resazurin microtiter assay (REMA) after exposure to the ZnO NPs at concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 1.4 mM. Sensitivity was observed at 0.6 mM for the Gram-negative and 1.0 mM for the Gram-positive cells. Fluorescence microscopy was used to examine the interference of ZnO NPs on the membrane and the cell division apparatus of B. subtilis (amy::pspac-ftsZ-gfpmut1) expressing FtsZ-GFP. The results showed that ZnO NPs did not interfere with the assembly of the divisional Z-ring. However, 70% of the cells exhibited damage in the cytoplasmic membrane after 15 min of exposure to the ZnO NPs. Electrostatic forces, production of Zn2+ ions and the generation of reactive oxygen species were described as possible pathways of the bactericidal action of ZnO. Therefore, understanding the bactericidal MOA of ZnO NPs can potentially help in the construction of predictive models to fight bacterial resistance.
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Wang W, Xiong P, Zhang H, Zhu Q, Liao C, Jiang G. Analysis, occurrence, toxicity and environmental health risks of synthetic phenolic antioxidants: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 201:111531. [PMID: 34146526 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The continuous improvement of living standards is related to higher requirements for the freshness and taste of food. For example, synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs) are added to fats and fried foods as food additives to minimize the oxidative rancidity of oils and fats. Hence, the global use of SPAs is increasing year by year. Dibutyl hydroxytoluene is one of the widely used SPAs, often in combination with butyl hydroxyanisole or gallate SPAs. The extensive use of these compounds makes them and their transformation products to be widespread in various environmental matrices, including indoor dust, wastewater, river water, sewage sludge, and sediment, as well as human samples, such as nails and urine, at concentrations varying from nanogram per gram (ng/g) to microgram per gram (μg/g). Animal experiments have shown that high-dose SPA exposure is toxic, which may lead to DNA damage and mismatches and the development of cancerous tumors. Since the biosphere shares the same set of genetic codes, humans and animals have many identical or similar feedback mechanisms and information pathways. Therefore, the damage of SPAs to animals may also threaten human health. This review discusses the properties, occurrence, analysis, and environmental health risks of typical SPAs, including butyl hydroxyanisole, dibutyl hydroxytoluene, tert-butylhydroquinone, propyl gallate, octyl gallate, and lauryl gallate, used as food additives. In addition, AO2246, which is used in food packaging bags, is also considered. Future research directions on SPAs and their transformation products (TPs) are identified and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Ping Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - He Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Yang L, Wang Y, He X, Xiao Q, Han S, Jia Z, Li S, Ding W. Discovery of a novel plant-derived agent against Ralstonia solanacearum by targeting the bacterial division protein FtsZ. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 177:104892. [PMID: 34301354 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum (R. solanacearum) is one of the most devastating bacterial pathogens and leads to serious economic losses in crops worldwide. In this study, the antibacterial activities of novel plant-derived coumarins against R. solanacearum and their underlying mechanisms were initially investigated. The bioactivity assay results showed that certain coumarins had significant in vitro inhibitory effects against R. solanacearum. Notably, 6-methylcoumarin showed the best in vitro antibacterial activity with 76.79%. Interestingly, 6-methylcoumarin was found to cause cell elongation, disrupt cell division, and suppress the expression of the bacterial division protein coding genes ftsZ. Compared with the control treatment, the ∆ftsZ mutant inhibited bacterial growth and caused the bacteria to be more sensitive to 6-methylcoumarin. The application of 6-methylcoumarin effectively suppressed the development of tobacco bacterial wilt in pot and field experiments, and significantly reduced the bacterial population in tobacco stems. The control efficiency of 6-methylcoumarin treatment was 35.76%, 40.51%, 38.99% at 10, 11, and 12 weeks after tobacco transplantation in field condition. All of these results demonstrate that 6-methylcoumarin has potential as an eco-friendly and target specificity agent for controlling tobacco bacterial wilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yang
- Laboratory of Natural Products Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Laboratory of Natural Products Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaobin He
- Chongqing Tobacco Industry Co., Ltd., Chongqing 400060, China
| | - Qingli Xiao
- Chongqing Tobacco Industry Co., Ltd., Chongqing 400060, China
| | - Songting Han
- Laboratory of Natural Products Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhou Jia
- Laboratory of Natural Products Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shili Li
- Laboratory of Natural Products Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Laboratory of Natural Products Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Mat Rani NNI, Mustafa Hussein Z, Mustapa F, Azhari H, Sekar M, Chen XY, Mohd Amin MCI. Exploring the possible targeting strategies of liposomes against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 165:84-105. [PMID: 33974973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multi antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections are on the rise due to the overuse of antibiotics. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the pathogens listed under the category of serious threats where vancomycin remains the mainstay treatment despite the availability of various antibacterial agents. Recently, decreased susceptibility to vancomycin from clinical isolates of MRSA has been reported and has drawn worldwide attention as it is often difficult to overcome and leads to increased medical costs, mortality, and longer hospital stays. Development of antibiotic delivery systems is often necessary to improve bioavailability and biodistribution, in order to reduce antibiotic resistance and increase the lifespan of antibiotics. Liposome entrapment has been used as a method to allow higher drug dosing apart from reducing toxicity associated with drugs. The surface of the liposomes can also be designed and enhanced with drug-release properties, active targeting, and stealth effects to prevent recognition by the mononuclear phagocyte system, thus enhancing its circulation time. The present review aimed to highlight the possible targeting strategies of liposomes against MRSA bacteremia systemically while investigating the magnitude of this effect on the minimum inhibitory concentration level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Najihah Izzati Mat Rani
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, 30450 Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Zahraa Mustafa Hussein
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fahimi Mustapa
- Hospital Batu Gajah Jalan Changkat, 31000 Batu Gajah, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Hanisah Azhari
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, 30450 Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Xiang Yi Chen
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Cairul Iqbal Mohd Amin
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Genome-Wide Analysis of Tubulin Gene Family in Cassava and Expression of Family Member FtsZ2-1 during Various Stress. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040668. [PMID: 33807152 PMCID: PMC8065747 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Filamentous temperature-sensitive protein Z (Tubulin/FtsZ) family is a group of conserved GTP-binding (guanine nucleotide-binding) proteins, which are closely related to plant tissue development and organ formation as the major component of the cytoskeleton. According to the published genome sequence information of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), 23 tubulin genes (MeTubulins) were identified, which were divided into four main groups based on their type and phylogenetic characteristics. The same grouping generally has the same or similar motif composition and exon–intron structure. Collinear analysis showed that fragment repetition event is the main factor in amplification of cassava tubulin superfamily gene. The expression profiles of MeTubulin genes in various tissue were analyzed, and it was found that MeTubulins were mainly expressed in leaf, petiole, and stem, while FtsZ2-1 was highly expressed in storage root. The qRT-PCR results of the FtsZ2-1 gene under hormone and abiotic stresses showed that indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellin A3 (GA3) stresses could significantly increase the expression of the FtsZ2-1 gene, thereby revealing the potential role of FtsZ2-1 in IAA and GA3 stress-induced responses.
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Moglad EH. Loranthus acaciae: Alternative medicine for β-lactamase producer and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:1835-1839. [PMID: 33732069 PMCID: PMC7938108 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we reported high antibacterial efficiency of Loranthus acaciae (LA) against different standard strains of bacteria including Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Therefore, this study aimed to confirm the effectiveness of LA against clinically isolated Staphylococcus aureus (SA) including β-lactamase producer (Blac) and MRSA. Forty-eight SA isolates collected from various clinical samples were used in this study. Antibiotics susceptibility profile was determined for twenty different antibiotics using automated Microscan Walkaway 96 Plus system as recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. This system also identified β-lactamase producers and MRSA. In the meantime, LA ethanolic extract was fractionated using liquid-liquid fraction method to hexane, dichloromethane DCM and methanol 80% fractions. Antimicrobial activities of LA extract and fraction were performed with agar well diffusion method for all SA isolates, MIC and MBC were also recorded. Phytochemical screening for various phyto-constituent classes of LA ethanolic extract was determined. Out of 48 SA isolates, Cefoxitin-positive MRSA represent 31 (64.6%), Blac 17 (35.4%), and 41 (85.4%) were multidrug-resistant SA, which was resistant at least to one antibiotic from three different categories. All isolates were resistant to ampicillin and penicillin. Antimicrobial activities of LA extract and fractions revealed that ethanol extract was active against all isolated SA with inhibition zone ranged from 33 ± 2.00 to 25 ± 3.05 mm. While DCM exhibited the largest inhibition zone range from 37 ± 3.00 to 33 ± 2.00 mm. This study is first of its kind conforming the high antibacterial activity of LA against SA isolated from a different source of infection. The study concluded that LA extract and fractions are active and give positive result for all isolated SA. Therefore, suitable pharmacological formulation of LA extract as a promising antibacterial agent for the treatment of SA infection should be given extreme priority.
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Key Words
- ATCC, American type culture collection
- Antimicrobial activities
- Blac, β-lactamase producer
- CLSI, clinical and laboratory standards institute
- DCM, Dichloromethane
- LA, Loranthus acaciae
- Loranthus acaciae
- MBC, bactericidal concentration
- MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration
- MRSA
- MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
- MeOH, methanol
- Multi-drug resistant
- Plicosepalus acaciae
- SA, Staphylococcus aureus
- β-lactamase enzyme
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehssan H Moglad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Microbiology, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Traditional Medicine Research Institute (MAPTMRI), National Center for Research, Khartoum, Sudan
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Benzenetriol-Derived Compounds against Citrus Canker. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051436. [PMID: 33800893 PMCID: PMC7961829 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to replace the huge amounts of copper salts used in citrus orchards, alternatives have been sought in the form of organic compounds of natural origin with activity against the causative agent of citrus canker, the phytopathogen Xanthomonas citri subsp. Citri. We synthesized a series of 4-alkoxy-1,2-benzene diols (alkyl-BDOs) using 1,2,4-benzenetriol (BTO) as a starting material through a three-step synthesis route and evaluated their suitability as antibacterial compounds. Our results show that alkyl ethers derived from 1,2,4-benzenetriol have bactericidal activity against X. citri, disrupting the bacterial cell membrane within 15 min. Alkyl-BDOs were also shown to remain active against the bacteria while in solution, and presented low toxicity to (human) MRC-5 cells. Therefore, we have demonstrated that 1,2,4-benzenetriol—a molecule that can be obtained from agricultural residues—is an adequate precursor for the synthesis of new compounds with activity against X. citri.
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Polaquini CR, Marques BC, Ayusso GM, Morão LG, Sardi JCO, Campos DL, Silva IC, Cavalca LB, Scheffers DJ, Rosalen PL, Pavan FR, Ferreira H, Regasini LO. Antibacterial activity of a new monocarbonyl analog of curcumin MAC 4 is associated with divisome disruption. Bioorg Chem 2021; 109:104668. [PMID: 33601139 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin (CUR) is a symmetrical dicarbonyl compound with antibacterial activity. On the other hand, pharmacokinetic and chemical stability limitations hinder its therapeutic application. Monocarbonyl analogs of curcumin (MACs) have been shown to overcome these barriers. We synthesized and investigated the antibacterial activity of a series of unsymmetrical MACs derived from acetone against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Gram-negative and Gram-positive species. Phenolic MACs 4, 6 and 8 showed a broad spectrum and potent activity, mainly against M. tuberculosis, Acinetobacter baumannii and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), with MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) values ranging from 0.9 to 15.6 µg/mL. The investigation regarding toxicity on human lung cells (MRC-5 and A549 lines) revealed MAC 4 was more selective than MACs 6 and 8, with SI (selectivity index) values ranging from 5.4 to 15.6. In addition, MAC 4 did not demonstrate genotoxic effects on A549 cells and it was more stable than CUR in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) for 24 h at 37 °C. Fluorescence and phase contrast microscopies indicated that MAC 4 has the ability to disrupt the divisome of Bacillus subtilis without damaging its cytoplasmic membrane. However, biochemical investigations demonstrated that MAC 4 did not affect the GTPase activity of B. subtilis FtsZ, which is the main constituent of the bacterial divisome. These results corroborated that MAC 4 is a promising antitubercular and antibacterial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos R Polaquini
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José do Rio Preto, 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Beatriz C Marques
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José do Rio Preto, 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela M Ayusso
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José do Rio Preto, 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Luana G Morão
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rio Claro 130506-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Janaína C O Sardi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13414-903, SP, Brazil; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (Ufms), Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil
| | - Débora L Campos
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabel C Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Lúcia B Cavalca
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rio Claro 130506-900, SP, Brazil; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk-Jan Scheffers
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Pedro L Rosalen
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13414-903, SP, Brazil; School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alfenas (Unifal), Alfenas 37130-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernando R Pavan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Henrique Ferreira
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rio Claro 130506-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis O Regasini
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José do Rio Preto, 15054-000, SP, Brazil.
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Molecular Docking Study on Several Benzoic Acid Derivatives against SARS-CoV-2. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245828. [PMID: 33321862 PMCID: PMC7770597 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several derivatives of benzoic acid and semisynthetic alkyl gallates were investigated by an in silico approach to evaluate their potential antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 main protease. Molecular docking studies were used to predict their binding affinity and interactions with amino acids residues from the active binding site of SARS-CoV-2 main protease, compared to boceprevir. Deep structural insights and quantum chemical reactivity analysis according to Koopmans’ theorem, as a result of density functional theory (DFT) computations, are reported. Additionally, drug-likeness assessment in terms of Lipinski’s and Weber’s rules for pharmaceutical candidates, is provided. The outcomes of docking and key molecular descriptors and properties were forward analyzed by the statistical approach of principal component analysis (PCA) to identify the degree of their correlation. The obtained results suggest two promising candidates for future drug development to fight against the coronavirus infection.
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Morão LG, Lorenzoni ASG, Chakraborty P, Ayusso GM, Cavalca LB, Santos MB, Marques BC, Dilarri G, Zamuner C, Regasini LO, Ferreira H, Scheffers DJ. Investigating the Modes of Action of the Antimicrobial Chalcones BC1 and T9A. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204596. [PMID: 33050236 PMCID: PMC7587203 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (X. citri) is an important phytopathogen and causes Asiatic Citrus Canker (ACC). To control ACC, copper sprays are commonly used. As copper is an environmentally damaging heavy metal, new antimicrobials are needed to combat citrus canker. Here, we explored the antimicrobial activity of chalcones, specifically the methoxychalcone BC1 and the hydroxychalcone T9A, against X. citri and the model organism Bacillus subtilis. BC1 and T9A prevented growth of X. citri and B. subtilis in concentrations varying from 20 µg/mL to 40 µg/mL. BC1 and T9A decreased incorporation of radiolabeled precursors of DNA, RNA, protein, and peptidoglycan in X. citri and B. subtilis. Both compounds mildly affected respiratory activity in X. citri, but T9A strongly decreased respiratory activity in B. subtilis. In line with that finding, intracellular ATP decreased strongly in B. subtilis upon T9A treatment, whereas BC1 increased intracellular ATP. In X. citri, both compounds resulted in a decrease in intracellular ATP. Cell division seems not to be affected in X. citri, and, although in B. subtilis the formation of FtsZ-rings is affected, a FtsZ GTPase activity assay suggests that this is an indirect effect. The chalcones studied here represent a sustainable alternative to copper for the control of ACC, and further studies are ongoing to elucidate their precise modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana G. Morão
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 130506-900 SP Rio Claro, Brazil; (L.G.M.); (G.D.); (C.Z.)
| | - André S. G. Lorenzoni
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.S.G.L.); (P.C.); (L.B.C.)
| | - Parichita Chakraborty
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.S.G.L.); (P.C.); (L.B.C.)
| | - Gabriela M. Ayusso
- Departamento de Química e Ciências Ambientais, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 15054-000 SP São José do Rio Preto, Brazil; (G.M.A.); (M.B.S.); (B.C.M.); (L.O.R.)
| | - Lucia B. Cavalca
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.S.G.L.); (P.C.); (L.B.C.)
| | - Mariana B. Santos
- Departamento de Química e Ciências Ambientais, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 15054-000 SP São José do Rio Preto, Brazil; (G.M.A.); (M.B.S.); (B.C.M.); (L.O.R.)
| | - Beatriz C. Marques
- Departamento de Química e Ciências Ambientais, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 15054-000 SP São José do Rio Preto, Brazil; (G.M.A.); (M.B.S.); (B.C.M.); (L.O.R.)
| | - Guilherme Dilarri
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 130506-900 SP Rio Claro, Brazil; (L.G.M.); (G.D.); (C.Z.)
| | - Caio Zamuner
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 130506-900 SP Rio Claro, Brazil; (L.G.M.); (G.D.); (C.Z.)
| | - Luis O. Regasini
- Departamento de Química e Ciências Ambientais, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 15054-000 SP São José do Rio Preto, Brazil; (G.M.A.); (M.B.S.); (B.C.M.); (L.O.R.)
| | - Henrique Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 130506-900 SP Rio Claro, Brazil; (L.G.M.); (G.D.); (C.Z.)
- Correspondence: (H.F.); (D.-J.S.); Tel.: +31-50-3632319 (D.-J.S.)
| | - Dirk-Jan Scheffers
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.S.G.L.); (P.C.); (L.B.C.)
- Correspondence: (H.F.); (D.-J.S.); Tel.: +31-50-3632319 (D.-J.S.)
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Cavalca LB, Zamuner CFC, Saldanha LL, Polaquini CR, Regasini LO, Behlau F, Ferreira H. Hexyl gallate for the control of citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp citri. Microbiologyopen 2020; 9:e1104. [PMID: 32761800 PMCID: PMC7520989 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Brazil is the biggest producer of sweet oranges and the main exporter of concentrated orange juice in the world. Among the diseases that affect citriculture, Asiatic citrus canker, caused by the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas citri, represents one of the most significant threats. The current Brazilian legislation regulating the control of citrus canker no longer requires the eradication of affected trees in states where the incidence of the disease is high. Instead, control involves disease control measures, including periodic preventative spraying of copper compounds. The long-term use of copper for plant disease control has raised concerns about environmental accumulation and toxicity, as well as the selective pressure it exerts leading to the emergence of copper-resistant X. citri strains. Here, we evaluated hexyl gallate (G6) as an alternative to copper compounds for citrus plant protection. G6 was able to protect citrus nursery trees against X. citri infection. Thirty days after inoculation, the trees treated with G6 developed 0.5 lesions/cm2 leaf area compared with the 2.84 lesions/cm2 observed in the untreated control trees. Also, G6 did not interfere with germination and root development of tomato, lettuce, and arugula, which is consistent with our previous data showing that G6 is safe for tissue culture cell lines. Membrane permeability tests showed that the primary target of G6 is the bacterial outer membrane. Finally, we could not isolate spontaneous X. citri mutants resistant to G6 nor induce resistance to G6 after long-term exposures to increasing concentrations of the compound, which suggests that G6 may have multiple cellular targets. This study demonstrated that G6 is a promising candidate for the development and use in citrus canker management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lúcia B Cavalca
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Caio F C Zamuner
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Luiz L Saldanha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Polaquini
- Departamento de Química e Ciências Ambientais, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Luis O Regasini
- Departamento de Química e Ciências Ambientais, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Franklin Behlau
- Department of Research & Development, Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura (Fundecitrus), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Henrique Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, Brazil
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Banoth S, Tangutur AD, Anthappagudem A, Ramaiah J, Bhukya B. Cloning and in vivo metabolizing activity study of CYP3A4 on amiodarone drug residues: A possible probiotic and therapeutic option. Pharmacotherapy 2020; 127:110128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Navarro MOP, Dilarri G, Simionato AS, Grzegorczyk K, Dealis ML, Cano BG, Barazetti AR, Afonso L, Chryssafidis AL, Ferreira H, Andrade G. Determining the Targets of Fluopsin C Action on Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1076. [PMID: 32582065 PMCID: PMC7288723 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The antibiotic activity of metalloantibiotic compounds has been evaluated since the 90s, and many different modes of action were characterized. In the last decade, the effects of secondary metabolites produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa LV strain, including a cupric compound identified as Fluopsin C, were tested against many pathogenic bacteria strains, proving their high antibiotic activity. In the present study, the bactericidal mechanisms of action of Fluopsin C and the semi-purified fraction F4A were elucidated. The results found in electron microscopy [scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM)] demonstrated that both Fluopsin C and F4A are affecting the cytoplasmatic membrane of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. These results were confirmed by fluorescence microscopy, where these bacteria presented permeabilization of their cytoplasmatic membranes after contact with the semi-purified fraction and pure compound. Using electronic and fluorescence microscopy, along with bacterial mutant strains with marked divisional septum, the membrane was defined as the primary target of Fluopsin C in the tested bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guilherme Dilarri
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Ane Stefano Simionato
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Kathlen Grzegorczyk
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Mickely Liuti Dealis
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Barbara Gionco Cano
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - André Riedi Barazetti
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Leandro Afonso
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Andreas Lazaros Chryssafidis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Center of Agroveterinary Sciences, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, Brazil
| | - Henrique Ferreira
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Galdino Andrade
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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Silber N, Matos de Opitz CL, Mayer C, Sass P. Cell division protein FtsZ: from structure and mechanism to antibiotic target. Future Microbiol 2020; 15:801-831. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance to virtually all clinically applied antibiotic classes severely limits the available options to treat bacterial infections. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop and evaluate new antibiotics and targets with resistance-breaking properties. Bacterial cell division has emerged as a new antibiotic target pathway to counteract multidrug-resistant pathogens. New approaches in antibiotic discovery and bacterial cell biology helped to identify compounds that either directly interact with the major cell division protein FtsZ, thereby perturbing the function and dynamics of the cell division machinery, or affect the structural integrity of FtsZ by inducing its degradation. The impressive antimicrobial activities and resistance-breaking properties of certain compounds validate the inhibition of bacterial cell division as a promising strategy for antibiotic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Silber
- Department of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology & Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Cruz L Matos de Opitz
- Department of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology & Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Christian Mayer
- Department of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology & Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Peter Sass
- Department of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology & Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
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Gutierrez ASA, Guo J, Feng J, Tan L, Kong L. Inhibition of starch digestion by gallic acid and alkyl gallates. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Cannabidiol is an effective helper compound in combination with bacitracin to kill Gram-positive bacteria. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4112. [PMID: 32139776 PMCID: PMC7057955 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60952-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The cannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD) is characterised in this study as a helper compound against resistant bacteria. CBD potentiates the effect of bacitracin (BAC) against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus species, Listeria monocytogenes, and Enterococcus faecalis) but appears ineffective against Gram-negative bacteria. CBD reduced the MIC value of BAC by at least 64-fold and the combination yielded an FIC index of 0.5 or below in most Gram-positive bacteria tested. Morphological changes in S. aureus as a result of the combination of CBD and BAC included several septa formations during cell division along with membrane irregularities. Analysis of the muropeptide composition of treated S. aureus indicated no changes in the cell wall composition. However, CBD and BAC treated bacteria did show a decreased rate of autolysis. The bacteria further showed a decreased membrane potential upon treatment with CBD; yet, they did not show any further decrease upon combination treatment. Noticeably, expression of a major cell division regulator gene, ezrA, was reduced two-fold upon combination treatment emphasising the impact of the combination on cell division. Based on these observations, the combination of CBD and BAC is suggested to be a putative novel treatment in clinical settings for treatment of infections with antibiotic resistant Gram-positive bacteria.
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Suppressive Effects of Octyl Gallate on Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Formation, Acidogenicity, and Gene Expression. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173170. [PMID: 31480443 PMCID: PMC6749375 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of biofilm by Streptococcus mutans bacteria on hard tooth tissues leads to dental caries, which remains one of the most prevalent oral diseases. Hence, the development of new antibiofilm agents is of critical importance. The current study reports the results from testing the effectiveness of octyl gallate (C8-OG) against: (1) S. mutans biofilm formation on solid surfaces (polystyrene, glass), (2) acidogenicity, (3) and the expression of biofilm-related genes. The amount of biofilm formed by S. mutans bacteria was evaluated using the colorimetric method and optical profilometry. The pH of the biofilm growth medium was measured with microelectrode. A quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to assess the expression of genes encoding glucan binding protein B (gbpB), glucosyltransferases B, -C, -D (gtfB, -C, -D), and the F-ATPase β subunit of the F1 protein (atpD). The results show that C8-OG significantly diminished biofilm formation by exposed S. mutans on solid surfaces and suppressed acidogenicity in a dose-dependent manner, compared to unexposed bacteria (p < 0.05). The C8-OG concentration of 100.24 µM inhibited S. mutans biofilm development on solid surfaces by 100% and prevented a decrease in pH levels by 99%. In addition, the RT-qPCR data demonstrate that the biofilm-producing bacteria treated with C8-OG underwent a significant reduction in gene expression in the case of the four genes under study (gbpB, gtfC, gtfD, and atpD), and there was a slight decrease in expression of the gtfB gene. However, C8-OG treatments did not produce significant expression change compared to the control for the planktonic cells, although there was a significant increase for the atpD gene. Therefore, C8-OG might be a potent antibiofilm and/or anticaries agent for oral formulations that aim to reduce the prevalence of dental caries.
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3- O-Methyl-Alkylgallates Inhibit Fatty Acid Desaturation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.00136-19. [PMID: 31209015 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00136-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the quest for new antibacterial lead structures, activity screening against Mycobacterium tuberculosis identified antitubercular effects of gallic acid derivatives isolated from the Nigerian mistletoe Loranthus micranthus Structure-activity relationship studies indicated that 3-O-methyl-alkylgallates comprising aliphatic ester chains with four to eight carbon atoms showed the strongest growth inhibition in vitro against M. tuberculosis, with a MIC of 6.25 μM. Furthermore, the most active compounds (3-O-methyl-butyl-, 3-O-methyl-hexylgallate, and 3-O-methyl-octylgallate) were devoid of cytotoxicity against various human cell lines. Furthermore, 3-O-methyl-butylgallate showed favorable absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) criteria, with a P app of 6.2 × 10-6 cm/s, and it did not inhibit P-glycoprotein (P-gp), CYP1A2, CYP2B6 or CYP3A4. Whole-genome sequencing of spontaneous resistant mutants indicated that the compounds target the stearoyl-coenzyme A (stearoyl-CoA) delta-9 desaturase DesA3 and thereby inhibit oleic acid synthesis. Supplementation assays demonstrated that oleic acid addition to the culture medium antagonizes the inhibitory properties of gallic acid derivatives and that sodium salts of saturated palmitic and stearic acid did not show compensatory effects. The moderate bactericidal effect of 3-O-methyl-butylgallate in monotreatment was synergistically enhanced in combination treatment with isoniazid, leading to sterilization in liquid culture.
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Aldulaimi O, Drijfhout F, Uche FI, Horrocks P, Li WW. Discovery, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of phenolic compounds from Cylicodiscus gabunensis. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:183. [PMID: 31340805 PMCID: PMC6651987 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2589-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cylicodiscus gabunensis Harms (Family Leguminosae) (CG) is an African medicinal plant used as a treatment of various ailments including malaria, liver diseases, and gastrointestinal disturbances. Its extracts showed potent in vitro antibacterial activity. However, the antibacterial components are unknown. METHODS In this study, the stem bark of the CG plant was extracted and its antibacterial property against a panel of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains assessed using the disk diffusion assay method. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the bioactive extracts was employed to identify bioactive constituents using both gas and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Chemical synthesis was used to make the analogues of gallic acid. Microplate dilution assays and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to evaluate the antibacterial properties and mechanism of action of the active fractions and pure compounds. RESULTS The most bioactive sub-fractions derived from CG comprised of ethyl gallate, gallic acid and polyphenols. Five alkyl/alkenyl gallates were synthesized. A preliminary structure-activity relationship of gallic acid derivatives was obtained using the synthetic analogues and a series of commercially available phenolic compounds. Increasing the length of alkyl chains generally increases the potency of the alkyl gallates. Introducing a double bond with restricted conformations of the C-5 side chain has little effect on the antibacterial property. SEM analysis of the effect of alkyl gallates on Staphylococcus aureus indicates that they appear to interrupt S. aureus bacterial cell wall integrity. CONCLUSIONS The results of this research rationalise the ethnobotanical use of C. gabunensis and suggest that gallate derivatives may serve as promising antibacterial agents for the treatment of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Aldulaimi
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, ST4 7QB UK
- College of Pharmacy, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
- Present address: School of Computing, Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, High Street, Paisley, PA1 2BE UK
| | - Falko Drijfhout
- Chemical Sciences Research Centre, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG UK
| | - Fidelia I. Uche
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, ST4 7QB UK
| | - Paul Horrocks
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, ST4 7QB UK
| | - Wen-Wu Li
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, ST4 7QB UK
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25
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Differential effects of alkyl gallates on quorum sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7741. [PMID: 31123307 PMCID: PMC6533263 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44236-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Virulence factors and biofilms constitute attractive targets for the prevention of infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. Among alkyl gallates, propyl gallate (PG) and octyl gallate (OG) are used as food preservatives. Here we found that alkyl gallates differentially affect virulence, biofilm formation, and quorum sensing (QS) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ethyl gallate (EG), PG, and butyl gallate (BG) inhibited biofilm formation and virulence factors including elastase, pyocyanin, and rhamnolipid, in P. aeruginosa without affecting cell viability by antagonizing the QS receptors LasR and RhlR. PG exhibited the most potent activity. Interestingly, hexyl gallate (HG) inhibited the production of rhamnolipid and pyocyanin but did not affect elastase production or biofilm formation. Notably, OG inhibited the production of rhamnolipid and pyocyanin but stimulated elastase production and biofilm formation. Analysis of QS signaling molecule production and QS gene expression suggested that HG inhibited RhlR, while OG activated LasR but inhibited PqsR. This mechanism was confirmed using QS mutants. Additionally, PG prevented the virulence of P. aeruginosa in Caenorhabditis elegans and a mouse model. This is the first report of the differential effects of alkyl gallates on QS systems and PG has great potential as an inhibitor of the virulence and biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa.
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Nazaré AC, Polaquini CR, Cavalca LB, Anselmo DB, Saiki MDFC, Monteiro DA, Zielinska A, Rahal P, Gomes E, Scheffers DJ, Ferreira H, Regasini LO. Design of Antibacterial Agents: Alkyl Dihydroxybenzoates against Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3050. [PMID: 30301234 PMCID: PMC6213047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) causes citrus canker, affecting sweet orange-producing areas around the world. The current chemical treatment available for this disease is based on cupric compounds. For this reason, the objective of this study was to design antibacterial agents. In order to do this, we analyzed the anti-Xcc activity of 36 alkyl dihydroxybenzoates and we found 14 active compounds. Among them, three esters with the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration values were selected; compounds 4 (52 μM), 16 (80 μM) and 28 (88 μM). Our study demonstrated that alkyl dihydroxybenzoates cause a delay in the exponential phase. The permeability capacity of alkyl dihydroxybenzoates in a quarter of MIC was compared to nisin (positive control). Compound 28 was the most effective (93.8), compared to compound 16 (41.3) and compound 4 (13.9) by percentage values. Finally, all three compounds showed inhibition of FtsZ GTPase activity, and promoted changes in protofilaments, leading to depolymerization, which prevents bacterial cell division. In conclusion, heptyl dihydroxybenzoates (compounds 4, 16 and 28) are promising anti-Xcc agents which may serve as an alternative for the control of citrus canker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Nazaré
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Roberto Polaquini
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil.
| | - Lúcia Bonci Cavalca
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, SP 13506-900, Brazil.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Daiane Bertholin Anselmo
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil.
| | - Marilia de Freitas Calmon Saiki
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, IBILCE, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil.
| | - Diego Alves Monteiro
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, IBILCE, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil.
| | - Aleksandra Zielinska
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Paula Rahal
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, IBILCE, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil.
| | - Eleni Gomes
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, IBILCE, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil.
| | - Dirk-Jan Scheffers
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Henrique Ferreira
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, SP 13506-900, Brazil.
| | - Luis Octavio Regasini
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil.
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Kopacz MM, Lorenzoni ASG, Polaquini CR, Regasini LO, Scheffers DJ. Purification and characterization of FtsZ from the citrus canker pathogen Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri. Microbiologyopen 2018; 8:e00706. [PMID: 30085414 PMCID: PMC6528577 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xac) is the causative agent of citrus canker, a plant disease that significantly impacts citriculture. In earlier work, we showed that alkylated derivatives of gallic acid have antibacterial action against Xac and target both the cell division protein FtsZ and membrane integrity in Bacillus subtilis. Here, we have purified native XacFtsZ and characterized its GTP hydrolysis and polymerization properties. In a surprising manner, inhibition of XacFtsZ activity by alkyl gallates is not as strong as observed earlier with B. subtilis FtsZ. As the alkyl gallates efficiently permeabilize Xac membranes, we propose that this is the primary mode of antibacterial action of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata M Kopacz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - André S G Lorenzoni
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos R Polaquini
- Laboratory of Antibiotics and Chemotherapeutics, Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis O Regasini
- Laboratory of Antibiotics and Chemotherapeutics, Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Dirk-Jan Scheffers
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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28
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Morão LG, Polaquini CR, Kopacz M, Torrezan GS, Ayusso GM, Dilarri G, Cavalca LB, Zielińska A, Scheffers DJ, Regasini LO, Ferreira H. A simplified curcumin targets the membrane of Bacillus subtilis. Microbiologyopen 2018; 8:e00683. [PMID: 30051597 PMCID: PMC6460283 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is the main constituent of turmeric, a seasoning popularized around the world with Indian cuisine. Among the benefits attributed to curcumin are anti‐inflammatory, antimicrobial, antitumoral, and chemopreventive effects. Besides, curcumin inhibits the growth of the gram‐positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis. The anti‐B. subtilis action happens by interference with the division protein FtsZ, an ancestral tubulin widespread in Bacteria. FtsZ forms protofilaments in a GTP‐dependent manner, with the concomitant recruitment of essential factors to operate cell division. By stimulating the GTPase activity of FtsZ, curcumin destabilizes its function. Recently, curcumin was shown to promote membrane permeabilization in B. subtilis. Here, we used molecular simplification to dissect the functionalities of curcumin. A simplified form, in which a monocarbonyl group substituted the β‐diketone moiety, showed antibacterial action against gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria of clinical interest. The simplified curcumin also disrupted the divisional septum of B. subtilis; however, subsequent biochemical analysis did not support a direct action on FtsZ. Our results suggest that the simplified curcumin exerted its function mainly through membrane permeabilization, with disruption of the membrane potential necessary for FtsZ intra‐cellular localization. Finally, we show here experimental evidence for the requirement of the β‐diketone group of curcumin for its interaction with FtsZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana G Morão
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Polaquini
- Departamento de Química e Ciências Ambientais, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Malgorzata Kopacz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guilherme S Torrezan
- Departamento de Química e Ciências Ambientais, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Gabriela M Ayusso
- Departamento de Química e Ciências Ambientais, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Dilarri
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Lúcia B Cavalca
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Aleksandra Zielińska
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk-Jan Scheffers
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luis O Regasini
- Departamento de Química e Ciências Ambientais, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Henrique Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, Brazil
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Savietto A, Polaquini CR, Kopacz M, Scheffers DJ, Marques BC, Regasini LO, Ferreira H. Antibacterial activity of monoacetylated alkyl gallates against Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri. Arch Microbiol 2018. [PMID: 29525827 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-018-1502-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Asiatic citrus canker (ACC) is an incurable disease of citrus plants caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (X. citri). It affects all the commercially important citrus varieties in the major orange producing areas around the world. Control of the pathogen requires recurrent sprays of copper formulations that accumulate in soil and water reservoirs. Here, we describe the improvement of the alkyl gallates, which are potent anti-X. citri compounds, intended to be used as alternatives to copper in the control of ACC. Acetylation of alkyl gallates increased their lipophilicity, which resulted in potentiation of the antibacterial activity. X. citri exposed to the acetylated compounds exhibited increased cell length that is consistent with the disruption of the cell division apparatus. Finally, we show that inhibition of cell division is an indirect effect that seemed to be caused by membrane permeabilization, which is apparently the primary target of the acetylated alkyl gallates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Savietto
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Av. 24A, 1515, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Polaquini
- Departamento de Química e Ciências Ambientais, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Malgorzata Kopacz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk-Jan Scheffers
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Beatriz Carvalho Marques
- Departamento de Química e Ciências Ambientais, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Luís Octavio Regasini
- Departamento de Química e Ciências Ambientais, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Henrique Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Av. 24A, 1515, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil.
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Chew YL, Mahadi AM, Wong KM, Goh JK. Anti-methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) compounds from Bauhinia kockiana Korth. And their mechanism of antibacterial activity. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:70. [PMID: 29463252 PMCID: PMC5819667 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2137-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bauhinia kockiana originates from Peninsular Malaysia and it is grown as a garden ornamental plant. Our previous study reported that this plant exhibited fairly strong antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. This paper focused on the assessment of the antibacterial activity of B. kockiana towards methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), to purify and to identify the antibacterial compounds, and to determine the mechanism of antibacterial activity. METHODS Antibacterial activity of B. kockiana flower was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively using disc diffusion assay and microbroth dilution method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of extracts were examined. Phytochemical analysis was performed to determine the classes of phytochemicals in the extracts. Bioactivity guided isolation was employed to purify the antibacterial agents and identified via various spectroscopy methods. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique was used to evaluate the antibacterial mechanism of extract and compounds isolated. RESULTS B. kockiana flower was found to exhibit fairly strong antibacterial activity towards both strains of MRSA bacteria used, MIC varies from 62.5-250 μg/mL. Tannins and flavonoids have been detected in the phytochemical analysis. Gallic acid and its ester derivatives purified from ethyl acetate extract could inhibit MRSA at 250-500 μg/mL. SEM revealed that the cells have undergone plasmolysis upon treatment with the extract and compounds. CONCLUSION Tannins and polyphenols are the antibacterial components towards MRSA in B. kockiana. Massive leakage of the cell content observed in treated cells showed that the phytochemicals have changed the properties of the cell membranes. Amphiphilic nature of the compounds exhibited the antibacterial activity towards MRSA via three stages: (1) cell membrane attachment; (2) cell membrane fluidity modification; and (3) cell membrane structure disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yik Ling Chew
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, No. 1 Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Adlina Maisarah Mahadi
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Kak Ming Wong
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Joo Kheng Goh
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
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Activity of gallic acid and its ester derivatives in Caenorhabditis elegans and zebrafish (Danio rerio) models. Future Med Chem 2017; 9:1863-1872. [PMID: 29076351 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Gallic acid and its ester derivatives have shown antifungal activity in vitro. This study was performed to investigate their activity against Candida albicans and their toxicity in the animal models Caenorhabditis elegans and zebrafish embryos. RESULTS The compounds protected worms from C. albicans infection. The dodecyl gallate was the most effective. In zebrafish embryo, gallic acid and dodecyl gallate were the least toxic. CONCLUSION Gallic acid and its ester derivatives have potential for in vivo use against C. albicans infection. The antifungal effects and toxicity of gallate esters in these alternative animal models were dependent on carbon chain length.
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Lorenzoni ASG, Dantas GC, Bergsma T, Ferreira H, Scheffers DJ. Xanthomonas citri MinC Oscillates from Pole to Pole to Ensure Proper Cell Division and Shape. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1352. [PMID: 28769912 PMCID: PMC5515816 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthomonas citri (Xac) is the causal agent of citrus canker, a disease that affects citrus crops and causes economic impact worldwide. To further characterize cell division in this plant pathogen, we investigated the role of the protein MinC in cell division, chromosome segregation, and peptidoglycan incorporation by deleting the gene minC using allele exchange. Xac with minC deleted exhibited the classic Δmin phenotype observed in other bacteria deleted for min components: minicells and short filamentation. In addition we noticed the formation of branches, which is similar to what was previously described for Escherichia coli deleted for either min or for several low molecular weight penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). The branching phenotype was medium dependent and probably linked to gluconeogenic growth. We complemented the minC gene by integrating gfp-minC into the amy locus. Xac complemented strains displayed a wild-type phenotype. In addition, GFP-MinC oscillated from pole to pole, similar to MinCD oscillations observed in E. coli and more recently in Synechococcus elongatus. Further investigation of the branching phenotype revealed that in branching cells nucleoid organization, divisome formation and peptidoglycan incorporation were disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- André S G Lorenzoni
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
| | - Giordanni C Dantas
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual PaulistaRio Claro, Brazil
| | - Tessa Bergsma
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
| | - Henrique Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual PaulistaRio Claro, Brazil
| | - Dirk-Jan Scheffers
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
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Cendrowicz E, de Sousa Borges A, Kopacz M, Scheffers DJ. Metal-dependent SpoIIE oligomerization stabilizes FtsZ during asymmetric division in Bacillus subtilis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174713. [PMID: 28358838 PMCID: PMC5373596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
SpoIIE is a bifunctional protein involved in asymmetric septum formation and in activation of the forespore compartment-specific transcription factor σF through dephosphorylation of SpoIIAA-P. The phosphatase activity of SpoIIE requires Mn2+ as a metal cofactor. Here, we show that the presence of a metal cofactor also influences SpoIIE oligomerization and asymmetric septum formation. Absence of Mn2+ from sporulation medium results in a delay of the formation of polar FtsZ-rings, similar to a spoIIE null mutant. We purified the entire cytoplasmic part of the SpoIIE protein, and show that the protein copurifies with bound metals. Metal binding both stimulates SpoIIE oligomerization, and results in the formation of larger oligomeric structures. The presence of SpoIIE oligomers reduces FtsZ GTP hydrolysis activity and stabilizes FtsZ polymers in a light scattering assay. Combined, these results indicate that metal binding is not just required for SpoIIE phosphatase activity but also is important for SpoIIE's role in asymmetric septum formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Cendrowicz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anabela de Sousa Borges
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Malgorzata Kopacz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk-Jan Scheffers
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Lacerda LA, Cavalca LB, Martins PMM, Govone JS, Bacci M, Ferreira H. Protein depletion using the arabinose promoter in Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri. Plasmid 2017; 90:44-52. [PMID: 28343961 DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (X. citri) is a plant pathogen and the etiological agent of citrus canker, a severe disease that affects all the commercially important citrus varieties, and has worldwide distribution. Citrus canker cannot be healed, and the best method known to control the spread of X. citri in the orchards is the eradication of symptomatic and asymptomatic plants in the field. However, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, the main orange producing area in the world, control is evolving to an integrated management system (IMS) in which growers have to use less susceptible plants, windshields to prevent bacterial spread out and sprays of cupric bactericidal formulations. Our group has recently proposed alternative methods to control citrus canker, which are based on the use of chemical compounds able to disrupt vital cellular processes of X. citri. An important step in this approach is the genetic and biochemical characterization of genes/proteins that are the possible targets to be perturbed, a task not always simple when the gene/protein under investigation is essential for the organism. Here, we describe vectors carrying the arabinose promoter that enable controllable protein expression in X. citri. These vectors were used as complementation tools for the clean deletion of parB in X. citri, a widespread and conserved gene involved in the essential process of bacterial chromosome segregation. Overexpression or depletion of ParB led to increased cell size, which is probably a resultant of delayed chromosome segregation with subsequent retard of cell division. However, ParB is not essential in X. citri, and in its absence the bacterium was fully competent to colonize the host citrus and cause disease. The arabinose expression vectors described here are valuable tools for protein expression, and especially, to assist in the deletion of essential genes in X. citri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian A Lacerda
- Depto. Bioquímica e Microbiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Av. 24A, 1515, Rio Claro, SP 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Lucia B Cavalca
- Depto. Bioquímica e Microbiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Av. 24A, 1515, Rio Claro, SP 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Paula M M Martins
- Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Rodovia Anhangüera, km 158, Caixa Postal 04, Cordeirópolis, SP 13490-970, Brazil
| | - José S Govone
- Depto. de Estatística, Matemática Aplicada e Computação, Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Av. 24A, 1515, Rio Claro, SP 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Maurício Bacci
- Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Av. 24A, 1515, Rio Claro, SP 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Henrique Ferreira
- Depto. Bioquímica e Microbiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Av. 24A, 1515, Rio Claro, SP 13506-900, Brazil.
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Morales Angeles D, Liu Y, Hartman AM, Borisova M, de Sousa Borges A, de Kok N, Beilharz K, Veening JW, Mayer C, Hirsch AKH, Scheffers DJ. Pentapeptide-rich peptidoglycan at the Bacillus subtilis cell-division site. Mol Microbiol 2017; 104:319-333. [PMID: 28118510 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Peptidoglycan (PG), the major component of the bacterial cell wall, is one large macromolecule. To allow for the different curvatures of PG at cell poles and division sites, there must be local differences in PG architecture and eventually also chemistry. Here we report such local differences in the Gram-positive rod-shaped model organism Bacillus subtilis. Single-cell analysis after antibiotic treatment and labeling of the cell wall with a fluorescent analogue of vancomycin or the fluorescent D-amino acid analogue (FDAA) HCC-amino-D-alanine revealed that PG at the septum contains muropeptides with unprocessed stem peptides (pentapeptides). Whereas these pentapeptides are normally shortened after incorporation into PG, this activity is reduced at division sites indicating either a lower local degree of PG crosslinking or a difference in PG composition, which could be a topological marker for other proteins. The pentapeptides remain partially unprocessed after division when they form the new pole of a cell. The accumulation of unprocessed PG at the division site is not caused by the activity of the cell division specific penicillin-binding protein 2B. To our knowledge, this is the first indication of local differences in the chemical composition of PG in Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danae Morales Angeles
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yun Liu
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alwin M Hartman
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marina Borisova
- Department of Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anabela de Sousa Borges
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niels de Kok
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Katrin Beilharz
- Molecular Genetics Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Centre for Synthetic Biology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Willem Veening
- Molecular Genetics Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Centre for Synthetic Biology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Fundamental Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Mayer
- Department of Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anna K H Hirsch
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk-Jan Scheffers
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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Araújo-Bazán L, Ruiz-Avila LB, Andreu D, Huecas S, Andreu JM. Cytological Profile of Antibacterial FtsZ Inhibitors and Synthetic Peptide MciZ. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1558. [PMID: 27752253 PMCID: PMC5045927 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell division protein FtsZ is the organizer of the cytokinetic ring in almost all bacteria and a target for the discovery of new antibacterial agents that are needed to counter widespread antibiotic resistance. Bacterial cytological profiling, using quantitative microscopy, is a powerful approach for identifying the mechanism of action of antibacterial molecules affecting different cellular pathways. We have determined the cytological profile on Bacillus subtilis cells of a selection of small molecule inhibitors targeting FtsZ on different binding sites. FtsZ inhibitors lead to long undivided cells, impair the normal assembly of FtsZ into the midcell Z-rings, induce aberrant ring distributions, punctate FtsZ foci, membrane spots and also modify nucleoid length. Quantitative analysis of cell and nucleoid length combined, or the Z-ring distribution, allows categorizing FtsZ inhibitors and to distinguish them from antibiotics with other mechanisms of action, which should be useful for identifying new antibacterial FtsZ inhibitors. Biochemical assays of FtsZ polymerization and GTPase activity combined explain the cellular effects of the FtsZ polymer stabilizing agent PC190723 and its fragments. MciZ is a 40-aminoacid endogenous inhibitor of cell division normally expressed during sporulation in B. subtilis. Using FtsZ cytological profiling we have determined that exogenous synthetic MciZ is an effective inhibitor of B. subtilis cell division, Z-ring formation and localization. This finding supports our cell-based approach to screen for FtsZ inhibitors and opens new possibilities for peptide inhibitors of bacterial cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Araújo-Bazán
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura B Ruiz-Avila
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Madrid, Spain
| | - David Andreu
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Huecas
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Andreu
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Madrid, Spain
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Riham OB, Reham W, Noha S, Ibrahim ES. Characterization of the bioactive constituents of Nymphaea alba rhizomes and evaluation of anti-biofilm as well as antioxidant and cytotoxic properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5897/jmpr2016.6162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Abstract
Filamenting temperature-sensitive mutant Z (FtsZ), an essential cell division protein in bacteria, has recently emerged as an important and exploitable antibacterial target. Cytokinesis in bacteria is regulated by the assembly dynamics of this protein, which is ubiquitously present in eubacteria. The perturbation of FtsZ assembly has been found to have a deleterious effect on the cytokinetic machinery and, in turn, upon cell survival. FtsZ is highly conserved among prokaryotes, offering the possibility of broad-spectrum antibacterial agents, while its limited sequence homology with tubulin (an essential protein in eukaryotic mitosis) offers the possibility of selective toxicity. This review aims to summarize current knowledge regarding the mechanism of action of FtsZ, and to highlight existing attempts toward the development of clinically useful inhibitors.
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Cheng G, Dai M, Ahmed S, Hao H, Wang X, Yuan Z. Antimicrobial Drugs in Fighting against Antimicrobial Resistance. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:470. [PMID: 27092125 PMCID: PMC4824775 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of antimicrobial resistance, together with the lack of newly developed antimicrobial drugs, represents an alarming signal for both human and animal healthcare worldwide. Selection of rational dosage regimens for traditional antimicrobial drugs based on pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic principles as well as development of novel antimicrobials targeting new bacterial targets or resistance mechanisms are key approaches in tackling AMR. In addition to the cellular level resistance (i.e., mutation and horizontal gene transfer of resistance determinants), the community level resistance (i.e., bilofilms and persisters) is also an issue causing antimicrobial therapy difficulties. Therefore, anti-resistance and antibiofilm strategies have currently become research hotspot to combat antimicrobial resistance. Although metallic nanoparticles can both kill bacteria and inhibit biofilm formation, the toxicity is still a big challenge for their clinical applications. In conclusion, rational use of the existing antimicrobials and combinational use of new strategies fighting against antimicrobial resistance are powerful warranties to preserve potent antimicrobial drugs for both humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guyue Cheng
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China
| | - Menghong Dai
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China
| | - Saeed Ahmed
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China
| | - Haihong Hao
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China; National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
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