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Odhiambo KA, Ogola HJO, Onyango B, Tekere M, Ijoma GN. Contribution of pollution gradient to the sediment microbiome and potential pathogens in urban streams draining into Lake Victoria (Kenya). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:36450-36471. [PMID: 36543987 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24517-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), urban rivers/streams have long been subjected to anthropogenic pollution caused by urbanization, resulting in significantly altered chemical and biological properties of surface water and sediments. However, little is known about the diversity and structure of river microbial community composition and pathogens, as well as how they respond to anthropogenic inputs. High-throughput 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and PICRUSt predictive function profiling were used in this study to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the spatial bacterial distribution and metabolic functions in sediment of two urban streams (Kisat and Auji) flowing through Kisumu City, Kenya. Results revealed that sediment samples from the highly urbanized mid and lower stream catchment zones of both streams had significantly higher levels of total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorous (TP) than the less urbanized upper catchment zone, and were severely polluted with toxic heavy metals lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and copper (Cu). Differential distribution of Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Verrucomicrobia in sediment bacterial composition was detected along stream catchment zones. The polluted mid and lower catchment zones were rich in Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria, as well as a variety of potential pathogenic taxa such as Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus, Cutibacterium, Turicella, Acinetobacter, and Micrococcus, as well as enteric bacteria such as Faecalibacterium, Shewanella, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Enterococcus, Prevotella, Legionella, Vibrio and Salmonella. Furthermore, PICRUSt metabolic inference analysis revealed an increasing enrichment in the sediments of genes associated with carbon and nitrogen metabolism, disease pathogenesis, and virulence. Environmental factors (TOC, Pb, Cd, TN, pH) and geographical distance as significant drivers of sediment bacterial community assembly, with the environmental selection to play a dominant role. In polluted river catchment zone sediment samples, Pb content was the most influential sediment property, followed by TOC and Cd content. Given the predicted increase in urbanization in SSA, further alteration of surface water and sediment microbiome due to urban river pollution is unavoidable, with potential long-term effects on ecosystem function and potential health hazards. As a result, this study provides valuable information for ecological risk assessment and management of urban rivers impacted by diffuse and point source anthropogenic inputs, which is critical for future proactive and sustainable urban waste management, monitoring, and water pollution control in low-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kennedy Achieng Odhiambo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 210, Bondo, 40601, Kenya
| | - Henry Joseph Oduor Ogola
- Department of Environmental Science, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Roodepoort, 1709, South Africa.
| | - Benson Onyango
- Department of Biological Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 210, Bondo, 40601, Kenya
| | - Memory Tekere
- Department of Environmental Science, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Roodepoort, 1709, South Africa
| | - Grace N Ijoma
- Institute for the Development of Energy for African Sustainability (IDEAS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida, Roodepoort, 1709, South Africa
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Characterization of Bacterial Communities from the Surface and Adjacent Bottom Layers of Water in the Billings Reservoir. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081280. [PMID: 36013459 PMCID: PMC9409723 DOI: 10.3390/life12081280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Here, we describe the bacterial diversity and physicochemical properties in freshwater samples from the surface and bottom layers of the Billings Reservoir, the largest open-air storage ecosystem in the São Paulo (Brazil) metropolitan area. Forty-four samples (22 from the surface and 22 from the bottom layers) were characterized based on 16S rRNA gene analysis using Illumina MiSeq. Taxonomical composition revealed an abundance of the Cyanobacteria phylum, followed by Proteobacteria, which were grouped into 1903 and 2689 different genera in the surface and the deep-water layers, respectively. Chroobacteria, Actinobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, and Alphaproteobacteria were the most dominant classes. The Shannon diversity index was in the range of 2.3–5.39 and 4.04–6.86 in the surface and bottom layers, respectively. Flavobacterium was the most predominant pathogenic genus. Temperature and phosphorus concentrations were among the most influential factors in shaping the microbial communities of both layers. Predictive functional analysis suggests that the reservoir is enriched in motility genes involved in flagellar assembly. The overall results provide new information on the diversity composition, ecological function, and health risks of the bacterial community detected in the Billings freshwater reservoir. The broad bacterial diversity indicates that the bacterioplankton communities in the reservoir were involved in multiple essential environmental processes.
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Tagele Haligamo D, Ejeso A, Mengistie Beyene E. Bacterial Removal Efficiency of Moringa stenopetala and Cadaba farinosa From Surface Water: Laboratory-Based Cross-Sectional Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2022; 16:11786302221111842. [PMID: 35846165 PMCID: PMC9280837 DOI: 10.1177/11786302221111842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of polluted surface waters are leading to waterborne diseases, especially in developing countries, which results in the deaths of millions of people annually around the world. Ethiopia, like the rest of developing countries, suffers a lot of water-associated health problems. Chemical disinfectants are in use to disinfect water with some drawbacks like expensiveness, unavailability, and detrimental effect on human health. Researchers are on the search for non-expensive and locally available methods, and natural plants are the ones in the study. Thus, this study is designed to test Escherichia coli (E. coli) removal efficiency of Moringa stenopetala (M. stenopetala) and Cadaba farinosa (C. farinosa) from surface water. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to July 2021. A 14 L water sample was collected from Lake Hawassa. A 30, 60, and 100 mg weights of the leaf and seed powder dosages of M. stenopetala and C. farinosa at contaminant settling times of 30, 60, and 90 minutes were used. Each 1-L water sample was treated with each of the dosages. E. coli count, temperature, pH and turbidity were measured using standard methods for water and wastewater analysis. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version.23 was used for analysis. Treatment differences between plant parts and association between variables were also tested. RESULT The result indicated that raw water samples having 18 initial E. coli colonies per 100 mL of water showed zero E. coli colonies per 100 mL of water after treatment with 30 mg dosage of M. stenopetala seed, 30 mg dosage of C. farinosa seed, and 60 mg dosage of M. stenopetala leaf after 90 minutes of settling time, but C. farinosa leaf was unable to reduce E. coli colonies to 0 per 100 mL of water. M. stenopetala leaf showed the highest turbidity reduction of 83.3% at 60 mg dosage. A pH of 7.30 and 8.50 and a temperature of 20°C to 23.5°C were recorded. There was a significant difference in E. coli removal between C. farinosa seed and leaf. Turbidity was identified as a factor that positively affects E. coli removal during M. stenopetala seed and leaf. Dosage and settling time were also identified as predictors of E. coli removal. CONCLUSION M. stenopetala and C. farinosa have antimicrobial properties against E. coli, but only M. stenopetala showed E. coli, turbidity, and pH values within the recommended World Health Organization standards. So, we suggest M. stenopetala as a promising natural disinfectant that needs attention from organizations working on the water.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanuel Ejeso
- Department of Environmental Health, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
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Paruch L. Molecular Diagnostic Tools Applied for Assessing Microbial Water Quality. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:5128. [PMID: 35564522 PMCID: PMC9105083 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Microbial water quality is of vital importance for human, animal, and environmental health. Notably, pathogenically contaminated water can result in serious health problems, such as waterborne outbreaks, which have caused huge economic and social losses. In this context, the prompt detection of microbial contamination becomes essential to enable early warning and timely reaction with proper interventions. Recently, molecular diagnostics have been increasingly employed for the rapid and robust assessment of microbial water quality implicated by various microbial pollutants, e.g., waterborne pathogens and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs), imposing the most critical health threats to humans and the environment. Continuous technological advances have led to constant improvements and expansions of molecular methods, such as conventional end-point PCR, DNA microarray, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), multiplex qPCR (mqPCR), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), digital droplet PCR (ddPCR), and high-throughput next-generation DNA sequencing (HT-NGS). These state-of-the-art molecular approaches largely facilitate the surveillance of microbial water quality in diverse aquatic systems and wastewater. This review provides an up-to-date overview of the advancement of the key molecular tools frequently employed for microbial water quality assessment, with future perspectives on their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Paruch
- Division of Environment and Natural Resources, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research-NIBIO Oluf Thesens vei 43, 1433 Aas, Norway
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Kim M, Kim W, Lee Y, Park W. Linkage between bacterial community-mediated hydrogen peroxide detoxification and the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 207:117784. [PMID: 34731663 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microcystis aeruginosa, an important cyanobloom-forming cyanobacterium, is sensitive to the high light intensity and consequent oxidative stress. Based on our genomic and transcriptomic analyses of H2O2-treated cells, many genes involved in photosynthesis, Calvin cycle, and microcystin synthesis were downregulated, whereas several toxin-antitoxin genes, DNA repair genes, and H2O2-defense systems such as peroxiredoxins and glutathione synthesis were upregulated. Axenic M. aeruginosa was then co-cultured with synthetic bacterial communities collected from 15 different freshwater samples with exhibiting different degrees of H2O2-production and catalase activities. Our analyses indicated that H2O2-resistant bacterial communities favored the growth and photosynthetic activity of M. aeruginosa cells under either H2O2 treatment or high light conditions. Nanopore-based bacterial community analyses indicated that these growth-promoting effects were likely attributable to a high proportion of Alphaproteobacteria (e.g., Brevundimonas and Ochrobactrum species), which protected M. aeruginosa cells from H2O2 toxicity. Further, these bacterial communities exhibited higher catalase activity levels and faster O2 production rates upon H2O2 detoxification. Taken together, our findings newly suggest that the occurrence of catalase-less M. aeruginosa blooms is largely influenced by the surrounding microbiota during high light and organic-rich conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyung Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjae Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunho Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, CHA University, Pocheon, Gyeonggi-do 11160, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojun Park
- Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Jia T, Yun Y, Yu Z. Propionic Acid and Sodium Benzoate Affected Biogenic Amine Formation, Microbial Community, and Quality of Oat Silage. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:750920. [PMID: 34819922 PMCID: PMC8606646 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.750920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigating the microbial communities and biogenic amine (BA) formation in silage is of vital for improving the quality and safety of oat silage. The present study evaluated the effects of propionic acid (P) and sodium benzoate (SB) on the quality properties, microbial communities, and BA formation in oat silage. Oat was harvested at boot stage and ensiled using P and SB as additives in mini silos, followed by 14 days of aerobic exposure. The results showed that P and SB improved fermentation quality of oat silage, increased the lactic acid content, and decreased pH value and ammonia nitrogen content. Putrescine, cadaverine, and tyramine were the dominant BAs in oat silage; spermidine and spermine were not detected. The control silage had the highest content of total biogenic amine (TBA, 2506.7 mg kg–1 DM), and decreased by 51.1 and 57.7% after adding P and SB, respectively. Moreover, a lower putrescine, cadaverine, and tyramine content and undesirable microbes, such as Caproiciproducens, Stenotrophomonas, Herbinix, and Enterobacter genera, were observed in P and SB silages, which was beneficial for oat silage quality. The fungal community of P silage was dominated by Monascus fuliginosus, and the temperature, pH and ammonia nitrogen content increased after exposure to air. Sedimentibacter, Herbinix, Caproiciproducens, Enterobacter, and Escherichia-Shigella were found to be positively correlated with BA formation in oat silage. Overall, P and SB effectively inhibit the undesirable microbes and BA formation in oat silage, the P silage exhibited lower aerobic stability than the SB silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Yun
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhu Yu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Mazalan NZS, Oyeleye A, Rahman RNZRA, Aris AZ, Salleh AB, Normi YM. Isolation and characterization of an acid and metal tolerant Enterobacter cloacae NZS strain from former mining lake in Selangor, Malaysia. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-020-00051-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Metal polluted environments have been found to harbor acid and metal tolerant bacterial communities. Metal oxidizing bacteria in particular are industrially important microorganisms that can be utilized for potential applications in biomining and bioremediation. However, some well-characterized strains are not readily culturable as they are obligate and fastidious chemolithotrophs requiring special techniques for their cultivation. Hence, this study was aimed at isolating, identifying, and characterizing indigenous metal tolerant heterotroph(s) from abandoned mines that can potentially be used for biomining or bioremediation processes in the future.
Results
Seventeen bacteria from former mining lakes were isolated and identified using 16S rRNA. Minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) and growth study of isolated bacteria carried out in Luria-Bertani media containing three different metals ions, zinc (II), copper (II), and iron (II), showed that a particular isolate termed Enterobacter cloacae NZS was found to exhibit better growth and tolerance for copper (up to 90 mM), zinc (up to 200 mM), and iron (up to 170 mM). Growth of the strain was notably well in the presence of iron (II). Compared to all the isolates, only E. cloacae NZS was able to be enumerated at pH lower than 5 while other strains were culturable only at pH 7. Its capability in iron (II) oxidation was preliminary assessed based on the pH, cell count, glucose consumption, and amount of iron oxidized throughout incubation in 9K media. E. cloacae NZS strain was found to be capable of oxidizing iron (II) supplied in 9K media to iron (III).
Conclusion
As preliminary investigation showed that E. cloacae NZS was able to oxidize iron (II) in 9K media at pH2, further optimization on the strain, medium, and culture conditions in future may be able to provide a better insight on this strain to be possibly used as an iron oxidizer for various applications.
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Zhang P, Zheng F, Chen L, Lu X, Tian W. CIP elicitors on the defense response of A. macrocephala and its related gene expression analysis. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 245:153107. [PMID: 31881440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.153107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived elicitor is a new type of plant vaccine developed in the contemporary era, and it has safe and broad application prospects in organic agriculture. Research on defense mechanisms triggered by elicitor has become a hot topic in recent years. The Chrysanthemum indicum polysaccharide (CIP) obtained by separation and purification from Chrysanthemum indicum was used as an elicitor in this work. This elicitor has been shown to be effective in Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz (A. macrocephala) against Sclerotium rolfsii sacc (S. rolfsii) infection and soil-borne diseases. However, the mechanism of induced disease resistance has not been elucidated. In this research, we study the CIP-induced A. macrocephala defense response from the level of signal molecules and the defensive enzyme gene expression. Several defense responses to CIP treatment have been found in A. macrocephala, including early hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production, accumulation of salicylic acid (SA) and increased phytoalexin (PA) content. In addition, CIP significantly increased the activity of related defense enzymes in A. macrocephala. RT-qPCR analysis showed that defense-related genes such as polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) were up-regulated after CIP treatment. To obtain the sequence of the defense enzyme gene, we are the first to provide a public and comprehensive A. macrocephala database by transcriptome sequencing. These results together demonstrate that CIP triggers defense responses in A. macrocephala. Our research not only provides further research on immune mechanism between plant and elicitor, but also sheds new light on strategy for biocontrol in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifeng Zhang
- Department of Forestry and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Forest Culture Cultivation Base, Natural Medicine Laboratory, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, PR China
| | - Fang Zheng
- Department of Forestry and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Forest Culture Cultivation Base, Natural Medicine Laboratory, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, PR China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Forestry and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Forest Culture Cultivation Base, Natural Medicine Laboratory, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Lu
- Department of Forestry and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Forest Culture Cultivation Base, Natural Medicine Laboratory, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, PR China
| | - Wei Tian
- Department of Forestry and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Forest Culture Cultivation Base, Natural Medicine Laboratory, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, PR China.
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Feng F, Chen X, Wang Q, Xu W, Long L, Nabil El-Masry G, Wan Q, Yan H, Cheng J, Yu X. Use of Bacillus-siamensis-inoculated biochar to decrease uptake of dibutyl phthalate in leafy vegetables. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 253:109636. [PMID: 31678688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is a frequently detected farmland contaminant that is harmful to the environment and human health. In this study, a DBP-degrading endophytic Bacillus siamensis strain T7 was immobilized in rice husk-derived biochar for bioremediation of DBP-polluted agricultural soils. The effects of this microbe-biochar composite on the soil prokaryotic community and the mechanism by which it regulates DBP degradation, were also investigated. A supplement of T7-biochar composite not only significantly boosted DBP biodegradation in soil by raising the DBP degradation rate constant and half-life from 0.1979 d-1 and 2.3131 d to 0.2434 d-1 and 2.1062 d, respectively, but also impeded DBP uptake by leafy vegetables. The general bioremediation effect of T7-biochar alliance excelled pure T7 suspensions and biochar, by trapping more DBP and boosting its complete degradation in soil. Besides, the combination of strain T7 and biochar can increase the proportion of some beneficial bacteria and boost the functional diversity of soil prokaryotic community, then to a certain extent may reverse the negative effect of DBP pollution on the agricultural soils. These results indicate that the rice-husk-derived biochar is a proper media when utilizing functional microbes into environmental treatment. Overall, T7-biochar composite is a promising soil modifier for soil bioremediation and the production of DBP-free crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayun Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210014, China; Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China, Nanjing, 210014, China; Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Wenjun Xu
- Department of Biotechnology, Qingdao University of Science &Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Ling Long
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | | | - Qun Wan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210014, China; Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China, Nanjing, 210014, China; Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Haijuan Yan
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jinjin Cheng
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Xiangyang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210014, China; Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China, Nanjing, 210014, China; Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
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Abstract
Water is one of the most important substances on earth and without it life cannot exist. However, poor water quality in many parts of the world has increased the number of water-related diseases, making it the leading cause of disease and death globally for both young and old. Waterborne pathogens cause diseases in humans through two major exposure pathways: drinking water and recreational waters. This chapter on waterborne pathogens will be starting with an introduction, followed by descriptions on classical waterborne pathogens; bacteria, viruses, protozoans, and helminths placing emphasis on the World Health Organization guidelines. Further to conventional waterborne pathogens, fresh organisms and new strains from already known pathogens are being identified and that present important additional challenges to both the water and public health sectors. Hence later part of the chapter focuses on the potential waterborne pathogens and will conclude with a summary of the content.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.N. Magana-Arachchi
- Molecular Microbiology & Human Diseases Unit, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - R.P. Wanigatunge
- Department of Plant and Molecular Biology, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
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11
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Maternal IgA protects against the development of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants. Nat Med 2019; 25:1110-1115. [PMID: 31209335 PMCID: PMC7424541 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0480-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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12
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Jin D, Kong X, Cui B, Jin S, Xie Y, Wang X, Deng Y. Bacterial communities and potential waterborne pathogens within the typical urban surface waters. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13368. [PMID: 30190569 PMCID: PMC6127328 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31706-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Waterborne pathogens have attracted a great deal of attention in the public health sector over the last several decades. However, little is known about the pathogenic microorganisms in urban water systems. In this study, the bacterial community structure of 16 typical surface waters in the city of Beijing were analyzed using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing based on 16S rRNA gene. The results showed that Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the dominant groups in 16 surface water samples, and Betaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Flavobacteriia, Sphingobacteriia and Actinobacteria were the most dominant classes. The dominant genus across all samples was Flavobacterium. In addition, fifteen genus level groups of potentialy pathogenic bacteria were detected within the 16 water samples, with Pseudomonas and Aeromonas the most frequently identified. Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated that richness estimators (OTUs and Chao1) were correlated with water temperature, nitrate and total nitrogen (p < 0.05), while ammonia-nitrogen and total nitrogen were significantly correlated with the percent of total potential pathogens (p ≤ 0.05). These results could provide insight into the ecological function and health risks of surface water bacterial communities during the process of urbanization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Decai Jin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China. .,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Xiao Kong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bingjian Cui
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shulan Jin
- School of History Geography and Tourism, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, 334000, China
| | - Yunfeng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xingrun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Ye Deng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China. .,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Wang Q, Xie Q, He L, Sheng X. The abundance and mineral-weathering effectiveness ofBacillusstrains in the altered rocks and the soil. J Basic Microbiol 2018; 58:770-781. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201800141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- College of Life Sciences; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing P.R. China
| | - Qingdong Xie
- College of Life Sciences; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing P.R. China
| | - Linyan He
- College of Life Sciences; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing P.R. China
| | - Xiafang Sheng
- College of Life Sciences; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing P.R. China
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Zwittink RD, Renes IB, van Lingen RA, van Zoeren-Grobben D, Konstanti P, Norbruis OF, Martin R, Groot Jebbink LJM, Knol J, Belzer C. Association between duration of intravenous antibiotic administration and early-life microbiota development in late-preterm infants. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 37:475-483. [PMID: 29368074 PMCID: PMC5816780 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-018-3193-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic treatment is common practice in the neonatal ward for the prevention and treatment of sepsis, which is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in preterm infants. Although the effect of antibiotic treatment on microbiota development is well recognised, little attention has been paid to treatment duration. We studied the effect of short and long intravenous antibiotic administration on intestinal microbiota development in preterm infants. Faecal samples from 15 preterm infants (35 ± 1 weeks gestation and 2871 ± 260 g birth weight) exposed to no, short (≤ 3 days) or long (≥ 5 days) treatment with amoxicillin/ceftazidime were collected during the first six postnatal weeks. Microbiota composition was determined through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Short and long antibiotic treat ment significantly lowered the abundance of Bifidobacterium right after treatment (p = 0.027) till postnatal week three (p = 0.028). Long treatment caused Bifidobacterium abundance to remain decreased till postnatal week six (p = 0.009). Antibiotic treatment was effective against members of the Enterobacteriaceae family, but allowed Enterococcus to thrive and remain dominant for up to two weeks after antibiotic treatment discontinuation. Community richness and diversity were not affected by antibiotic treatment, but were positively associated with postnatal age (p < 0.023) and with abundance of Bifidobacterium (p = 0.003). Intravenous antibiotic administration during the first postnatal week greatly affects the infant's gastrointestinal microbiota. However, quick antibiotic treatment cessation allows for its recovery. Disturbances in microbiota development caused by short and, more extensively, by long antibiotic treatment could affect healthy development of the infant via interference with maturation of the immune system and gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy D Zwittink
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Richard A van Lingen
- Princess Amalia Children's Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology, Isala, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - Diny van Zoeren-Grobben
- Princess Amalia Children's Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology, Isala, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - Prokopis Konstanti
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Obbe F Norbruis
- Princess Amalia Children's Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology, Isala, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | | | - Liesbeth J M Groot Jebbink
- Princess Amalia Children's Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology, Isala, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Knol
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Clara Belzer
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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