1
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Gan T, Yu J, He J. miRNA, lncRNA and circRNA: targeted molecules with therapeutic promises in Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:293. [PMID: 37477725 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03636-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is primarily recognized as a respiratory pathogen that causes community-acquired pneumonia, which can lead to acute upper and lower airway inflammation and extrapulmonary syndrome. Refractory pneumonia caused by MP can cause severe complications and even be life-threatening, particularly in infants and the elderly. It is well-known that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) represented by miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs have been manifested to be widely involved in the regulation of gene expression. Growing evidence indicates that these ncRNAs have distinct differentiated expression in MP infection and affect multiple biological processes, playing an indispensable role in the initiation and promotion of MP infection. However, the epigenetic mechanisms involved in the development of MP infection remain unclear. This article reviews the mechanisms by which miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs mediate MP infection, such as inflammatory responses, apoptosis and pulmonary fibrosis. Focusing on miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs associated with MP infection could provide new insights into this disease's early diagnosis and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Gan
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Jianwei Yu
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Jun He
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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Haseeb A, Elhusseiny AM, ElSheikh RH, Tahboub MA, Kwan JT, Saeed HN. Ocular involvement in Mycoplasma induced rash and mucositis: A systematic review of the literature. Ocul Surf 2023; 28:1-10. [PMID: 36396020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae induced rash and mucositis (MIRM) is a relatively newly identified clinical entity which is characterized by mucocutaneous manifestations in the setting of Mycoplasma infection. Though a clinically distinct disease, MIRM exists on a diagnostic continuum with entities including erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and the recently described reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption (RIME). In this systematic review, we discuss published findings on the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management of MIRM, with an emphasis on ocular disease. Lastly, we discuss some of the most recent developments and challenges in characterizing MIRM with respect to the related diagnosis of RIME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Haseeb
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nazareth Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Abdelrahman M Elhusseiny
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvey and Bernice Jones Eye Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - Reem H ElSheikh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kasr Al-Ainy Hospitals, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammad A Tahboub
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James T Kwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hajirah N Saeed
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA.
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Peng K, Liao Y, Li X, Zeng D, Ye Y, Chen L, Zeng Z, Zeng Y. Vimentin Is an Attachment Receptor for Mycoplasma pneumoniae P1 Protein. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0448922. [PMID: 36912679 PMCID: PMC10100666 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04489-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the most common pathogen causing respiratory tract infection, and the P1 protein on its adhesion organelle plays a crucial role during the pathogenic process. Currently, there are many studies on P1 and receptors on host cells, but the adhesion mechanism of P1 protein is still unclear. In this study, a modified virus overlay protein binding assay (VOPBA) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) were performed to screen for proteins that specifically bind to the region near the carboxyl terminus of the recombinant P1 protein (rP1-C). The interaction between rP1-C and vimentin or β-4-tubulin were confirmed by far-Western blotting and coimmunoprecipitation. Results verified that vimentin and β-4-tubulin were mainly distributed on the cell membrane and cytoplasm of human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells, but only vimentin could interact with rP1-C. The results of the adhesion and adhesion inhibition assays indicated that the adhesion of M. pneumoniae and rP1-C to cells could be partly inhibited by vimentin and its antibody. When vimentin was downregulated with the corresponding small interfering RNA (siRNA) or overexpressed in BEAS-2B cells, the adhesion of M. pneumoniae and rP1-C to cells was decreased or increased, respectively, which indicated that vimentin was closely associated with the adhesion of M. pneumoniae and rP1-C to BEAS-2B cells. Our results demonstrate that vimentin could be a receptor on human bronchial epithelial cells for the P1 protein and plays an essential role in the adhesion of M. pneumoniae to cells, which may clarify the pathogenesis of M. pneumoniae. IMPORTANCE Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the most common pathogen causing respiratory tract infection, and the P1 protein on its adhesion organelle plays a crucial role during the pathogenic process. A variety of experiments, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), coimmunoprecipitation, adhesion, and adhesion inhibition assay, have demonstrated that the M. pneumoniae P1 protein can interact with vimentin, that the adhesion of M. pneumoniae and recombinant P1 protein to BEAS-2B cells was affected by the expression level of vimentin. This provides a new idea for the prevention and treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailan Peng
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Basic Medical School, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yating Liao
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Basic Medical School, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Basic Medical School, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Zeng
- Department of Cardiocascular Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youyuan Ye
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Basic Medical School, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Basic Medical School, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Zeng
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Basic Medical School, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Zeng
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Basic Medical School, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
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Chen D, Wu P, Liu D, Shen T, Liu S, Zhou H, Wang C. Clinical role of M. pneumoniae typing antibody detected by chemiluminescent immunoassay in the diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 112:109196. [PMID: 36084539 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The levels of serum M. pneumoniae typing antibodies in children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) were detected by chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) to explore the clinical role of M. pneumoniae typing antibody (MP-IgM, MP-IgG) in M. pneumoniae pneumonia. METHODS A total of 387 Child patients with CAP diagnosed at the Pediatric outpatient department of Zengcheng Branch, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, were enrolled between January 2020 to December 2021 and divided into M. pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) group (n = 210) and non-M. pneumoniae pneumonia (NMPP) group (n = 177). Firstly, Clinical data, full blood count (WBC, NEU%, LYM%, MONO%, EOS%, BASO%, RBC, HGB, PLT) and biochemical tests (AST, LDH, ɑ-HBDH, CK, CKMB, CRP, PCT, IL-6) as well as laboratory diagnostic tests (MP-IgM, MP-IgG) were compared between the two groups. Secondly, we assessed the correlation between the average level of M. pneumoniae typing antibody detected by CLIA and the titer of anti-M. pneumoniae antibody (MP-Ab) tested by passive agglutination (PA) method. Thirdly, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the MP-IgM and MP-IgG was examined to evaluate the value of diagnosing M. pneumoniae pneumonia. Finally, we follow-up 120 cases of MPP group and analysis medication results. RESULTS (1) Mean age, runny nose, expectoration, LYM%, NEU%, HGB, AST, MP-IgM and MP-IgG were statistically significant in the MPP group and NMPP group (all P < 0.05). (2) Correlation analysis showed that MP-IgM average level was linearly associated with MP-Ab titer (R2 = 0.84) and MP-IgG average level was exponentially correlated with MP-Ab titer under 1:640 (R2 = 0.96). (3) The ROC curve of MP-IgM and MP-IgG were significantly different (both P < 0.001). A serum MP-IgM level above 1 S/CO and MP-IgG level above 14.15 AU/mL were significant predictors for M. pneumoniae pneumonia: area under the curve (AUC) of 0.810, 0.815; standard error (SE) of 0.021, 0.022; 95 % confidence interval (CI) of 0.768-0.852, 0.773-0.858; the diagnostic sensitivity of 74.3 %, 62.1 %; and specificity of 72.9 %, 87.0 %; respectively. (4) Of the 120 children with M. pneumoniae pneumonia followed up, 79 (65.8 %) cases took azithromycin and 68 (86.1 %) cases were recovered. CONCLUSIONS A series of our studies shown that, CLIA, speedy and automated clinical examination method, has higher specificity and sensitivity for the quantitative detection of MP-IgM and MP-IgG, playing an important role of early diagnosis as well as prompt intervention to reduces macrolide-resistant strains and sequelae of children with M. pneumoniae pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmiao Chen
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Laboratory Department of Zengcheng Branch, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Peiting Wu
- Laboratory Department of Zengcheng Branch, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Duoduo Liu
- Laboratory Department of Zengcheng Branch, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Tingting Shen
- Laboratory Department of Zengcheng Branch, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shangmin Liu
- Laboratory Department of Zengcheng Branch, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Huayou Zhou
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Congrong Wang
- Laboratory Department of Zengcheng Branch, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Kim CH, Lee J. Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pleural Effusion in Adults. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11051281. [PMID: 35268372 PMCID: PMC8911427 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Parapneumonic effusions often complicate Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) pneumonia, contrary to the notion that they are a rare feature of MP infection. Increased research and evidence on MP parapneumonic effusions (MPPE) can help elucidate its clinical significance as one of the variable manifestations of MP infection. This article aims to summarize the existing literature about the clinical characteristics of MPPE in adults and discuss its diagnostic implications from the perspective of pleural fluid analysis. Approximately 20–25% of adult patients with MP pneumonia develop MPPE, and its frequency in children and adults seems to be similar. Although the pathogenesis of MPPE remains to be elucidated, MP-induced cell-mediated immune mechanisms might be partially associated with the development of MPPE. MPPE usually shows mononuclear leukocyte predominance with elevated adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity, similar to tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE). The degree of increase in pleural fluid ADA levels and serum inflammatory biomarkers may help differentiate between MPPE and TPE. During the acute phase, a single positive IgM and positive polymerase chain reaction results allow for a precise and reliable MP infection diagnosis. The mainstay of treatment is the selection of adequate anti-mycoplasma antibiotics with or without corticosteroid, based on the local epidemiologic data on macrolide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaehee Lee
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-200-5536; Fax: +82-53-426-2046
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Sawakami T, Karako K, Song P, Sugiura W, Kokudo N. Infectious disease activity during the COVID-19 epidemic in Japan: Lessons learned from prevention and control measures. Biosci Trends 2021; 15:257-261. [PMID: 34261848 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2021.01269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In Japan, the Law Concerning the Prevention of Infectious Diseases and Medical Care for Patients with Infectious Diseases (the "Infectious Diseases Control Law") classifies infectious diseases as category I-V infectious diseases, pandemic influenza, and designated infectious diseases based on their infectivity, severity, and impact on public health. COVID-19 was designated as a designated infectious disease as of February 1, 2020 and then classified under pandemic influenza as of February 13, 2021. According to national reports from sentinel surveillance, some infectious diseases transmitted by droplets, contact, or orally declined during the COVID-19 epidemic in Japan. As of week 22 (June 6, 2021), there were 704 cumulative cases of seasonal influenza, 8,144 cumulative cases of chickenpox, 356 cumulative cases of mycoplasma pneumonia, and 45 cumulative cases of rotavirus gastroenteritis; these numbers were significantly lower than those last year, with 563,487 cumulative cases of seasonal influenza, 31,785 cumulative cases of chickenpox, 3,518 cumulative cases of mycoplasma pneumonia, and 250 cumulative cases of rotavirus gastroenteritis. Similarly, many infectious diseases transmitted by droplets or contact declined in other countries and areas during the COVID-19 pandemic. One can reasonably assume that various measures adopted to control the transmission of COVID-19 have played a role in reducing the spread of other infectious diseases, and especially those transmitted by droplets or contact. Extensive and thorough implementation of personal protective measures and behavioral changes may serve as a valuable reference when identifying ways to reduce the spread of infectious diseases transmitted by droplets or contact in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Sawakami
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Karako
- Department of Human and Engineered Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Peipei Song
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Sugiura
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihiro Kokudo
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Yan Q, Niu W, Jiang W, Hao C, Chen M, Hua J. Risk factors for delayed radiographic resolution in children with refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211015579. [PMID: 34034536 PMCID: PMC8161875 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211015579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the risk factors for delayed radiographic resolution in children with refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP) and explore the most suitable time for interventional bronchoscopy. METHODS This retrospective study involved 142 children with RMPP who were admitted to our hospital from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2017. They were divided into a common resolution group and a delayed resolution group based on their chest radiograph series. RESULTS Among the 142 patients, 67 showed common resolution on chest radiographs and 75 showed delayed resolution. Independent risk factors for delayed resolution were a clinical course of ≥11.5 days before the performance of interventional bronchoscopy, mucus plug formation, corticosteroid resistance, and atelectasis. When bronchoscopy was performed before the disease had been present for <11.5 days, the length of hospitalization, total fever duration, and duration of time until disappearance of coughing were shorter than those in children who underwent bronchoscopy after the disease had been present for ≥11.5 days. CONCLUSIONS Corticosteroid resistance, the time to interventional bronchoscopy, atelectasis, and mucus plug formation were associated with delayed resolution on chest radiographs. Performance of interventional bronchoscopy before the clinical course has reached 11.5 days may help alleviate clinical symptoms and improve radiographic resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuli Yan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Children's Hospital of Wujiang District, Suzhou, China
| | - Wensi Niu
- Children's Hospital of Wujiang District, Suzhou, China
| | - Wujun Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chuangli Hao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meiyuan Chen
- Children's Hospital of Wujiang District, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Hua
- Children's Hospital of Wujiang District, Suzhou, China
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Li S, Xue G, Zhao H, Feng Y, Yan C, Cui J, Xie X, Yuan J. Quantitative proteomics analysis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae identifies potential macrolide resistance determinants. AMB Express 2021; 11:26. [PMID: 33580372 PMCID: PMC7881084 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01187-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is one of the leading causes of community-acquired pneumonia in children and adolescents. Because of the wide application of macrolides in clinical treatment, macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae strains have become increasingly common worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying drug resistance in M. pneumoniae are poorly understood. In the present work, we analyzed the whole proteomes of macrolide-sensitive and macrolide-resistant strains of M. pneumoniae using a tandem mass tag-labeling quantitative proteomic technique, Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD022220. In total, 165 differentially expressed proteins were identified, of which 80 were upregulated and 85 were downregulated in the drug-resistant strain compared with the sensitive strain. Functional analysis revealed that these proteins were predominantly involved in protein and peptide biosynthesis processes, the ribosome, and transmembrane transporter activity, which implicates them in the mechanism(s) of resistance of M. pneumoniae to macrolides. Our results provide new insights into drug resistance in M. pneumoniae and identify potential targets for further studies on resistance mechanisms in this bacterium.
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Esposito S, Argentiero A, Gramegna A, Principi N. Mycoplasma pneumoniae: a pathogen with unsolved therapeutic problems. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2021; 22:1193-1202. [PMID: 33544008 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1882420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the amount of new information, the most effective approach for the diagnosis and treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections is not established. In this narrative review the pharmacological options for macrolide-resistant (ML) M. pneumoniae infections in children are discussed. AREAS COVERED Despite significant improvement in the diagnosis and in the definition of diseases potentially associated with this pathogen, not all the problems related to M. pneumoniae infection are solved. True epidemiology of M. pneumoniae diseases and the real role of this pathogen in extra-respiratory manifestations is still unestablished. This reflects on therapy. It is not known whether antibiotics are really needed in all the cases, independently of severity and localization. The choice of antibiotic therapy is debated as it is not known whether ML resistance has clinical relevance. Moreover, not precisely defined is the clinical importance of corticosteroids for improvement of severe cases, including those associated with ML-resistant strains. EXPERT OPINION Improvement in M. pneumoniae identification is mandatory to reduce antibiotics overuse , especially in the presence of ML-resistant strains. Priority for future studies includes the evaluation of the true benefit of therapeutic approaches including corticosteroids in patients with severe CAP and in those with extra-respiratory M. pneumoniae diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children's Hospital, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alberto Argentiero
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children's Hospital, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Gramegna
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Internal Medicine Department, Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Principi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Wang Y, Ma L, Li Y, Li Y, Zheng Y, Zhang X. Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of pathogens positive in hospitalized children with segmental/lobar pattern pneumonia. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:205. [PMID: 32143599 PMCID: PMC7060602 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-4938-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The occurrence of segmental/lobar pattern pneumonia (S/L-PP) in children has recently increased. The pathogens of the disease may change for the misuse of antibiotics and the application of vaccines. Therefore, pathogens positive in hospitalized children with S/L-PP and their association with clinical characteristics may have changed. The aim of this study was to analyze the pathogens positive in hospitalized children with S/L-PP and their association with clinical characteristics. Method The current study analyzed the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of pathogens positive in children with S/L-PP under 14 years old at a single hospital between 1st Jan 2014 and 31st Dec 2018 retrospectively. The pathogens were detected by microbial cultivation, indirect immunofluorescence of the kit (PNEUMOSLIDE IgM), Elisa, and/or real-time PCR in the samples of the patients. Results A total of 593 children with S/L-PP received treatment at a single hospital during the study period by inclusion criteria. Four hundred fifty-one patients were single positive for one pathogen and 83 patients were positive for at least 2 pathogens. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M.pneumoniae) (72.34%) was the most commonly detected pathogen, followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae (S.pneumoniae) (8.77%). The prevalence of M.pneumoniae in children with S/L-PP increased with time (p < 0.05). The positive rate of M.pneumoniae increased with ages of patients (p < 0.05). M.pneumoniae was statistically associated with the extrapulmonary manifestations while S.pneumoniae was statistically associated with abnormal white blood cells (WBCs) and C reactive proteins (CRPs) (p < 0.05). Conclusion M.pneumoniae was the most positive pathogen in children with S/L-PP. The positive rate of M.pneumoniae in children with S/L-PP increased with time and the ages of children. M.pneumoniae was associated with extrapulmonary manifestations while S.pneumoniae was associated with abnormal WBCs and CRPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Wang
- Pediatrics, Zibo Central Hospital, No. 54, Gongqingtuanxi Street, Zibo City, 255036, Shandong Province, China
| | - Liji Ma
- Pediatrics, Zibo Central Hospital, No. 54, Gongqingtuanxi Street, Zibo City, 255036, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ying Li
- Pediatrics, Zibo Central Hospital, No. 54, Gongqingtuanxi Street, Zibo City, 255036, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yuyun Li
- Pediatrics, Zibo Central Hospital, No. 54, Gongqingtuanxi Street, Zibo City, 255036, Shandong Province, China. .,Allergic Clinic, Zibo Central Hospital, No.54, Gongqingtuanxi Street, Zibo City, 255036, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Yanfei Zheng
- Pediatrics, Zibo Central Hospital, No. 54, Gongqingtuanxi Street, Zibo City, 255036, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- Pediatrics, Zibo Central Hospital, No. 54, Gongqingtuanxi Street, Zibo City, 255036, Shandong Province, China
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11
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Yang EA, Lee KY. Are alternative antibiotics needed for antibiotic-nonresponsive Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia? Clin Exp Pediatr 2020; 63:44-45. [PMID: 32066227 PMCID: PMC7029668 DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2019.00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ae Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyung-Yil Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
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12
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Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Among Children with Pneumonia Using Bacterial Culture, Polymerase Chain Reaction, and the Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay Techniques in Ahvaz, Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.55554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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13
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Saraya T. Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection: Basics. J Gen Fam Med 2017; 18:118-125. [PMID: 29264006 PMCID: PMC5689399 DOI: 10.1002/jgf2.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) is one of the leading causes of community‐acquired pneumonia and can cause a number of extrapulmonary manifestations in the absence of pneumonia. In this regard, primary care physicians should know how to suspect, diagnose, and manage patients with Mp infection. This review gives a general overview of the basic clinical aspects of Mp infection with special reference to pneumonia, which will help further understanding of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Saraya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Kyorin University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
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14
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Li Y, Han F, Yang Y, Chu J. Principles of antibiotic application in children with lobar pneumonia: Step-up or step-down. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:2681-2684. [PMID: 28587330 PMCID: PMC5450740 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to provide a scientific basis for rational use of antibiotics, we studied and compared the therapeutic effects of step-down and step-up antibiotic treatment schemes in children with lobar pneumonia. Eighty cases of children with lobar pneumonia were enrolled in this study and were randomly divided into two groups: The observation group and the control group, with 40 cases in each group. In the observation group, there were 23 cases with mild and 17 cases with severe lobar pneumonia, and in the control group, 25 were mild and 15 were severe cases. Patients in the control group were treated with antibiotics using step-up therapy method, while patients in the observation group were treated using step-down antibiotic therapy. Our results showed no significant differences in white blood cell (WBC) reduction rate, the course of antibiotic treatment, disappearance time of pulmonary rales and total efficiency in children with mild lobar pneumonia in the observation group after 72 h of treatment. The level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) in the observation group were significantly lower. After 72 h of treatment of children with severe lobar pneumonia in the observation group, the rate of WBC reduction accelerated significantly. Compared to the patients in the control group, the course of antibiotic treatment and disappearance time of pulmonary rales were shortened significantly, while the total efficiency of treatment was improved considerably in the observation group. Also in the observation group, hs-CRP and PCT levels were significantly lower than that in the control group. In severe cases, step-down therapy showed a better result in relieving the inflammatory reactions. The disappearance time of pulmonary rales and the effective rate of treatment was significantly higher than those of step-up therapy. It was obvious that for children with severe lobar pneumonia, step-down therapy produced better results in relieving the inflammatory reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Zaozhuang, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277102, P.R. China
| | - Feng Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Zaozhuang, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277102, P.R. China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Zaozhuang, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277102, P.R. China
| | - Jianwei Chu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Zaozhuang, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277102, P.R. China
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Kim YH, Kim JH, Kim SY, Lee YH. Clinical features according to chest radiologic patterns of Mycoplasmapneumonia in children. Yeungnam Univ J Med 2016. [DOI: 10.12701/yujm.2016.33.2.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Young Hyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jin Hyeon Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sae Yoon Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Young Hwan Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
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