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Curran SJ, Griffin EF, Ferreri LM, Kyriakis CS, Howerth EW, Perez DR, Tompkins SM. Swine influenza A virus isolates containing the pandemic H1N1 origin matrix gene elicit greater disease in the murine model. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0338623. [PMID: 38299860 PMCID: PMC10913740 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03386-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the 1990s, endemic North American swine influenza A viruses (swFLUAVs) contained an internal gene segment constellation, the triple reassortment internal gene (TRIG) cassette. In 2009, the H1N1 pandemic (pdmH1N1) virus spilled back into swine but did not become endemic. However, the pdmH1N1 contributed the matrix gene (pdmM) to the swFLUAVs circulating in the pig population, which replaced the classical swine matrix gene (swM) found in the TRIG cassette, suggesting the pdmM has a fitness benefit. Others have shown that swFLUAVs containing the pdmM have greater transmission efficiency compared to viruses containing the swM gene segment. We hypothesized that the matrix (M) gene could also affect disease and utilized two infection models, resistant BALB/c and susceptible DBA/2 mice, to assess pathogenicity. We infected BALB/c and DBA/2 mice with H1 and H3 swFLUAVs containing the swM or pdmM and measured lung virus titers, morbidity, mortality, and lung histopathology. H1 influenza strains containing the pdmM gene caused greater morbidity and mortality in resistant and susceptible murine strains, while H3 swFLUAVs caused no clinical disease. However, both H1 and H3 swFLUAVs containing the pdmM replicated to higher viral titers in the lungs and pdmM containing H1 viruses induced greater histological changes compared to swM H1 viruses. While the surface glycoproteins and other gene segments may contribute to swFLUAV pathogenicity in mice, these data suggest that the origin of the matrix gene also contributes to pathogenicity of swFLUAV in mice, although we must be cautious in translating these conclusions to their natural host, swine. IMPORTANCE The 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus rapidly spilled back into North American swine, reassorting with the already genetically diverse swFLUAVs. Notably, the M gene segment quickly replaced the classical M gene segment, suggesting a fitness benefit. Here, using two murine models of infection, we demonstrate that swFLUAV isolates containing the pandemic H1N1 origin M gene caused increased disease compared to isolates containing the classical swine M gene. These results suggest that, in addition to other influenza virus gene segments, the swFLUAV M gene segment contributes to pathogenesis in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly J. Curran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Emory-UGA Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Emily F. Griffin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Emory-UGA Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Lucas M. Ferreri
- Department of Population Health, Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Constantinos S. Kyriakis
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Emory-UGA Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Elizabeth W. Howerth
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Daniel R. Perez
- Department of Population Health, Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - S. Mark Tompkins
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Emory-UGA Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Athens, Georgia, USA
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Kim MJ, Kwon M, Kim MJ, Lim EH, Hyun BH, Lee YH, Lim SI. Phylogenetic analysis of swine influenza A (H1N2) viruses isolated in Jinju City, Republic of Korea. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0054923. [PMID: 37855627 PMCID: PMC10586157 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00549-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic sequences of the swine influenza A (H1N2) viruses "A/Swine/South Korea/GN-1/2018" and "A/Swine/South Korea/GNJJ/2020" sampled from Jinju City, Republic of Korea, are reported here. The sequences of these viruses were 99% similar. These included eight genes from each of the H3N2pM, A(H1N1)2009pdm, and North American swine lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ji Kim
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea
| | - MiJung Kwon
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Eui Hyeon Lim
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Bang-hun Hyun
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Hee Lee
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Seong-In Lim
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea
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Xie Z, Gan M, Du J, Du G, Luo Y, Liu B, Zhu K, Cheng W, Chen L, Zhao Y, Niu L, Wang Y, Wang J, Zhu L, Shen L. Comparison of Growth Performance and Plasma Metabolomics between Two Sire-Breeds of Pigs in China. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1706. [PMID: 37761845 PMCID: PMC10531030 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Yorkshire pigs, renowned for their remarkable growth rate, low feed conversion ratio (FCR), and high meat production, emerge as a novel preference for paternal breeding. In this study, we found that purebred paternal Yorkshire pigs (PY) surpass the purebred Duroc breed in terms of growth rate. Specifically, purebred PY attain a weight of 100 kg at an earlier age compared to purebred Duroc (Male, 145.07 vs. 162.91; Female, 145.91 vs. 167.57; p-value < 0.01). Furthermore, different hybrid combinations suggest that offspring involving purebred PY exhibit superior growth performance. Compared with purebred Duroc, the offspring of purebred PY have an earlier age in days (173.23 vs. 183.54; p-value < 0.05) at the same slaughter weight. The changes of plasma metabolites of 60-day-old purebred boars in the two sire-breeds showed that 1335 metabolites in plasma were detected. Compared with Duroc, 28 metabolites were down-regulated and 49 metabolites were up-regulated in PY. Principal component analysis (PCA) discerned notable dissimilarities in plasma metabolites between the two sire-breeds of pigs. The levels of glycerol 3-phosphate choline, cytidine, guanine, and arachidonic acid increased significantly (p-value < 0.05), exerting an impact on their growth and development. According to our results, PY could be a new paternal option as a terminal sire in three-way cross system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Xie
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.X.); (M.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mailin Gan
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.X.); (M.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Junhua Du
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.X.); (M.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Gao Du
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.X.); (M.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Sichuan Dekon Livestock Foodstuff Group, Chengdu 610200, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Sichuan Dekon Livestock Foodstuff Group, Chengdu 610200, China
| | - Kangping Zhu
- Sichuan Dekon Livestock Foodstuff Group, Chengdu 610200, China
| | - Wenqiang Cheng
- National Animal Husbandry Service, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.X.); (M.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.X.); (M.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lili Niu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.X.); (M.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.X.); (M.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jingyong Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.X.); (M.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Linyuan Shen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.X.); (M.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Intraspecies and interspecies transmission of mink H9N2 influenza virus. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7429. [PMID: 28785024 PMCID: PMC5547065 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07879-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
H9N2 influenza A virus (IAV) causes low pathogenic respiratory disease and infects a wide range of hosts. In this study, six IAVs were isolated from mink and identified as H9N2 IAV. Sequence analysis revealed that the six isolates continued to evolve, and their PB2 genes shared high nucleotide sequence identity with H7N9 IAV. The six isolates contained an amino acid motif PSRSSR↓GL at the hemagglutinin cleavage site, which is a characteristic of low pathogenic influenza viruses. A serosurvey demonstrated that H9N2 IAV had spread widely in mink and was prevalent in foxes and raccoon dogs. Transmission experiments showed that close contact between H9N2-infected mink and naive mink, foxes and raccoon dogs resulted in spread of the virus to the contact animals. Furthermore, H9N2 challenge experiments in foxes and raccoon dogs showed that H9N2 IAV could infect these hosts. Virological and epidemiological surveillance of H9N2 IAV should be strengthened for the fur animal industry.
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