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Ma W, Shao Z, Chen Y, Li S, Liu H, Zhang W, Gao X. Cytospotones A-D, four new polyketones from the endophytic fungus Cytospora sp. A879. Fitoterapia 2024; 173:105751. [PMID: 37977303 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Three new α-pyrone derivatives cytospotones A-C (1-3) and a new cyclohexenone derivative cytospotone D (4) together with four known α-pyrones were isolated from the endophytic fungus Cytospora sp. A879 of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. The structures of 1-4 were elucidated primarily by spectroscopic methods (1D, 2D NMR and HRESIMS), ECD spectra analyses, and ECD calculations. Furthermore, the four new compounds (1-4) were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. The results showed that compound 1 had moderate inhibitory effect on LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China,; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Zhishen Shao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China,; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Yuchan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Saini Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Hongxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China.
| | - Weimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China,.
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2
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Sonowal S, Gogoi U, Buragohain K, Nath R. Endophytic fungi as a potential source of anti-cancer drug. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:122. [PMID: 38407579 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03829-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Endophytes are considered one of the major sources of bioactive compounds used in different aspects of health care including cancer treatment. When colonized, they either synthesize these bioactive compounds as a part of their secondary metabolite production or augment the host plant machinery in synthesising such bioactive compounds. Hence, the study of endophytes has drawn the attention of the scientific community in the last few decades. Among the endophytes, endophytic fungi constitute a major portion of endophytic microbiota. This review deals with a plethora of anti-cancer compounds derived from endophytic fungi, highlighting alkaloids, lignans, terpenes, polyketides, polyphenols, quinones, xanthenes, tetralones, peptides, and spirobisnaphthalenes. Further, this review emphasizes modern methodologies, particularly omics-based techniques, asymmetric dihydroxylation, and biotic elicitors, showcasing the dynamic and evolving landscape of research in this field and describing the potential of endophytic fungi as a source of anticancer drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Sonowal
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786004, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786004, India
| | - Urvashee Gogoi
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786004, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786004, India
| | - Kabyashree Buragohain
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786004, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786004, India
| | - Ratul Nath
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786004, India.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786004, India.
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3
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Rady AM, El-Sayed ASA, El-Baz AF, Abdel-Fattah GG, Magdeldin S, Ahmed E, Osama A, Hassanein SE, Saed H, Yassin M. Proteomics and metabolomics analyses of camptothecin-producing Aspergillus terreus reveal the integration of PH domain-containing proteins and peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase in restoring the camptothecin biosynthesis. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0228123. [PMID: 37855596 PMCID: PMC10714794 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02281-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Decreasing the camptothecin productivity by fungi with storage and subculturing is the challenge that halts their further implementation to be an industrial platform for camptothecin (CPT) production. The highest differentially abundant proteins were Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain-containing proteins and Peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase that fluctuated with the subculturing of A. terreus with a remarkable relation to CPT biosynthesis and restored with addition of F. elastica microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amgad M. Rady
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab (EFBL), Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ashraf S. A. El-Sayed
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab (EFBL), Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ashraf F. El-Baz
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | | | - Sameh Magdeldin
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Research Program, Department of Basic Research, Children’s Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Eman Ahmed
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Research Program, Department of Basic Research, Children’s Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Aya Osama
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Research Program, Department of Basic Research, Children’s Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sameh E. Hassanein
- Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agriculture Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hend Saed
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Marwa Yassin
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab (EFBL), Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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4
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Wijesekara T, Xu B. Health-Promoting Effects of Bioactive Compounds from Plant Endophytic Fungi. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:997. [PMID: 37888253 PMCID: PMC10608072 DOI: 10.3390/jof9100997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The study examines the intricate relationship between plants and the endophytic fungi inhabiting their tissues. These fungi harmoniously coexist with plants, forming a distinct symbiotic connection that has caught scientific attention due to its potential implications for plant health and growth. The diverse range of bioactive compounds produced by these fungi holds significant promise for human health. The review covers various aspects of this topic, starting by introducing endophytic microorganisms, explaining their colonization of different plant parts, and illuminating their potential roles in enhancing plant defense against diseases and promoting growth. The review emphasizes the widespread occurrence and diversity of these microorganisms among plant species while highlighting the complexities and significance of isolating and extracting bioactive compounds from them. It focuses on the health benefits of these bioactive compounds, including their capacity to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects. The review delves into the mechanisms behind these health-promoting effects, spotlighting how the compounds interact with cellular receptors, signaling pathways, and gene expression. In conclusion, the review provides a comprehensive overview of health-promoting bioactive compounds from plant endophytic fungi. It outlines their multifaceted impact, potential applications, and future research avenues in health and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharuka Wijesekara
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka;
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China
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Subban K, Kempken F. Insights into Taxol® biosynthesis by endophytic fungi. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:6151-6162. [PMID: 37606790 PMCID: PMC10560151 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12713-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
There have been two hundred reports that endophytic fungi produce Taxol®, but its production yield is often rather low. Although considerable efforts have been made to increase Taxol/taxanes production in fungi by manipulating cocultures, mutagenesis, genome shuffles, and gene overexpression, little is known about the molecular signatures of Taxol biosynthesis and its regulation. It is known that some fungi have orthologs of the Taxol biosynthetic pathway, but the overall architecture of this pathway is unknown. A biosynthetic putative gene homology approach, combined with genomics and transcriptomics analysis, revealed that a few genes for metabolite residues may be located on dispensable chromosomes. This review explores a number of crucial topics (i) finding biosynthetic pathway genes using precursors, elicitors, and inhibitors; (ii) orthologs of the Taxol biosynthetic pathway for rate-limiting genes/enzymes; and (iii) genomics and transcriptomics can be used to accurately predict biosynthetic putative genes and regulators. This provides promising targets for future genetic engineering approaches to produce fungal Taxol and precursors. KEY POINTS: • A recent trend in predicting Taxol biosynthetic pathway from endophytic fungi. • Understanding the Taxol biosynthetic pathway and related enzymes in fungi. • The genetic evidence and formation of taxane from endophytic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalraj Subban
- Department of Genetics & Molecular Biology in Botany, Botanical Institute and Botanical Garden, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Frank Kempken
- Department of Genetics & Molecular Biology in Botany, Botanical Institute and Botanical Garden, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany.
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Pant A, Vasundhara M. Endophytic fungi: a potential source for drugs against central nervous system disorders. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:1479-1499. [PMID: 37165297 PMCID: PMC10485218 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00997-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroprotection is one of the important protection methods against neuronal cells and tissue damage caused by neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, and multiple sclerosis. Various bioactive compounds produced by medicinal plants can potentially treat central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Apart from these resources, endophytes also produce diverse secondary metabolites capable of protecting the CNS. The bioactive compounds produced by endophytes play essential roles in enhancing the growth factors, antioxidant defence functions, diminishing neuroinflammatory, and apoptotic pathways. The efficacy of compounds produced by endophytic fungi was also evaluated by enzymes, cell lines, and in vivo models. Acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibition is frequently used to assess in vitro neuroprotective activity along with cytotoxicity-induced neuronal cell lines. Some of drugs, such as tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, and other compounds, are generally used as reference standards. Furthermore, clinical trials are required to confirm the role of these natural compounds in neuroprotection efficacy and evaluate their safety profile. This review illustrates the production of various bioactive compounds produced by endophytic fungi and their role in preventing neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushree Pant
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India
| | - M Vasundhara
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India.
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7
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Eldeghidy A, Abdel-Fattah G, El-Sayed ASA, Abdel-Fattah GG. Production, bioprocessing and antiproliferative activity of camptothecin from Aspergillus terreus, endophyte of Cinnamomum camphora: restoring their biosynthesis by indigenous microbiome of C. camphora. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:143. [PMID: 37533061 PMCID: PMC10399021 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02158-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal producing potency of camptothecin (CPT) raise the hope for their usage to be a platform for industrial production of CPT, nevertheless, attenuation of their productivity of CPT with the subculturing and preservation is the challenge. So, screening for novel endophytic fungal isolates with a reliable CPT-biosynthetic stability was the objective. Among the isolated endophytic fungi from the tested medicinal plants, Aspergillus terreus OQ642314.1, endophyte of Cinnamomum camphora, exhibits the highest yield of CPT (89.4 μg/l). From the NMR, FT-IR and LC-MS/MS analyses, the extracted CPT from A. terreus gave the same structure and molecular mass fragmentation pattern of authentic CPT (349 m/z). The putative CPT had a significant activity against MCF7 (0.27 µM) and HEPG-2 (0.8 µM), with a strong affinity to inhibits the human Topoisomerase 1 activity (IC50 0.362 μg/ml) as revealed from the Gel-based DNA relaxation assay. The purified CPT displayed a strong antimicrobial activity for various bacterial (E. coli and B. cereus) and fungal (A. flavus and A. parasiticus) isolates, ensuring the unique tertiary, and stereo-structure of A. terreus for penetrating the microbial cell walls and targeting the topoisomerase I. The higher dual activity of the purified CPT as antimicrobial and antitumor, emphasize their therapeutic efficiency, especially with growth of the opportunistic microorganisms due to the suppression of human immune system with the CPT uses in vivo. The putative CPT had an obvious activity against the tumor cell (MCF7) metastasis, and migration as revealed from the wound healing assay. The overall yield of A. terreus CPT was maximized with the Blackett-Burman design by twofolds increment (164.8 μg/l). The CPT yield by A. terreus was successively diminished with the multiple fungal subculturing, otherwise, the CPT productivity of A. terreus was restored, and increased over the zero culture upon coculturing with C. camphora microbiome (1.5% w/v), ensuring the restoring of CPT biosynthetic potency of A. terreus by the plant microbiome-derived chemical signals "microbial communication". This is the first report exploring the feasibility of A. terreus "endophyte of C. camphora" to be a preliminary platform for commercial production of CPT with a reliable sustainability upon uses of indigenous C. camphora microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Eldeghidy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Gamal Abdel-Fattah
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ashraf S A El-Sayed
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab, Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Ghada G Abdel-Fattah
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Rutkowska N, Drożdżyński P, Ryngajłło M, Marchut-Mikołajczyk O. Plants as the Extended Phenotype of Endophytes-The Actual Source of Bioactive Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10096. [PMID: 37373241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
For thousands of years, plants have been used for their medicinal properties. The industrial production of plant-beneficial compounds is facing many drawbacks, such as seasonal dependence and troublesome extraction and purification processes, which have led to many species being on the edge of extinction. As the demand for compounds applicable to, e.g., cancer treatment, is still growing, there is a need to develop sustainable production processes. The industrial potential of the endophytic microorganisms residing within plant tissues is undeniable, as they are often able to produce, in vitro, similar to or even the same compounds as their hosts. The peculiar conditions of the endophytic lifestyle raise questions about the molecular background of the biosynthesis of these bioactive compounds in planta, and the actual producer, whether it is the plant itself or its residents. Extending this knowledge is crucial to overcoming the current limitations in the implementation of endophytes for larger-scale production. In this review, we focus on the possible routes of the synthesis of host-specific compounds in planta by their endophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Rutkowska
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Drożdżyński
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Ryngajłło
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| | - Olga Marchut-Mikołajczyk
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
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9
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Azar N, Liarzi O, Zavitan M, Samara M, Nasser A, Ezra D. Endophytic Penicillium species secretes mycophenolic acid that inhibits the growth of phytopathogenic fungi. Microb Biotechnol 2023. [PMID: 36700385 PMCID: PMC10364310 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The worldwide demand for reduced and restricted use of pesticides in agriculture due to serious environmental effects, health risks and the development of pathogen resistance calls for the discovery of new bioactive compounds. In the medical field, antibiotic-resistant microorganisms have become a major threat to man, increasing mortality. Endophytes are endosymbiotic microorganisms that inhabit plant tissues without causing any visible damage to their host. Many endophytes secrete secondary metabolites with biological activity against a broad range of pathogens, making them potential candidates for novel drugs and alternative pesticides of natural origin. We isolated endophytes from wild plants in Israel, focusing on endophytes that secrete secondary metabolites with biological activity. We isolated 302 different endophytes from 30 different wild plants; 70 of them exhibited biological activity against phytopathogens. One biologically active fungal endophyte from the genus Penicillium, isolated from a squill (Urginea maritima) leaf, was further examined. Chloroform-based extraction of its growth medium was similarly active against phytopathogens. High-performance liquid chromatography separation followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis revealed a single compound-mycophenolic acid-as the main contributor to the biological activity of the organic extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neri Azar
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, ARO - the Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Orna Liarzi
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, ARO - the Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Maor Zavitan
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, ARO - the Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Mohamed Samara
- Institute of Soils, Water and Environmental Sciences, ARO - the Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Ahmed Nasser
- Institute of Soils, Water and Environmental Sciences, ARO - the Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - David Ezra
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, ARO - the Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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10
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Zhang Y, Liu H, Chen Y, Wei S, Zhang W, Tan H. Cytospones E-J from the endophytic fungus Cytospora rhizophorae. Fitoterapia 2022; 163:105324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Dos Reis JBA, Lorenzi AS, do Vale HMM. Methods used for the study of endophytic fungi: a review on methodologies and challenges, and associated tips. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:675. [PMID: 36264513 PMCID: PMC9584250 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03283-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are microorganisms that colonize the interior of plant tissues (e.g. leaves, seeds, stem, trunk, roots, fruits, flowers) in intracellular and/or extracellular spaces without causing symptoms of disease in host plants. These microorganisms have been isolated from plant species in a wide variety of habitats worldwide, and it is estimated that all terrestrial plants are colonized by one or more species of endophytic fungus. In addition, these microorganisms have been drawing the attention of researchers because of their ability to synthesize a wide range of bioactive molecules with potential for applications in agriculture, medicine and biotechnology. However, several obstacles come up when studying the diversity and chemical potential of endophytic fungi. For example, the usage of an inappropriate surface disinfection method for plant tissue may not eliminate the epiphytic microbiota or may end up interfering with the endophytic mycobiota, which consequently generates erroneous results. Moreover, the composition of the culture medium and the culture conditions can favor the growth of certain species and inhibit others, which generates underestimated results. Other inconsistencies can arise from the fungus misidentification and consequent exploration of its chemical potential. Based on the methodological biases that may occur at all stages of studies dealing with endophytic fungi, the objective of this review is to discuss the main methods employed in these studies as well as highlight the challenges derived from the different approaches. We also report associated tips to help future studies on endophytic fungi as a contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriana Sturion Lorenzi
- Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Helson Mario Martins do Vale
- Department of Phytopathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brazil
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12
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Dos Reis JBA, do Vale HMM, Lorenzi AS. Insights into taxonomic diversity and bioprospecting potential of Cerrado endophytic fungi: a review exploring an unique Brazilian biome and methodological limitations. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:202. [PMID: 35999403 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03386-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cerrado is the second largest biome in Brazil, and it is known for harboring a wide variety of endemic plant and microbial species, among which are endophytic fungi. Endophytic fungi are microorganisms capable of colonizing the interior of plant tissues without causing disease in host plants. Especially in the Cerrado biome, this group of microorganisms is still poorly studied and information on species estimation, ecological and evolutionary importance is not accurate and remains unknown. Also, it is extremely important to emphasize that great part of studies available on Cerrado endophytic fungi are national literature, including master's dissertations, course conclusion works or unpublished doctoral theses. The majority of these studies has highlighted that the endemic plant species are an important habitat for fungal endophytes, and new species have increasingly been described. Due to the lack of international literature on Cerrado endophytic fungi, the present review brings a bibliographic survey on taxonomic diversity and bioprospecting potential of fungal endophytes from a unique environment. This review also emphasizes the importance of studying Brazilian endophytic fungi from Cerrado as a source of new technologies (biofertilizer and biocontroller), since they are secondary metabolite-producing organisms with different biological activities for biotechnological, agricultural and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helson Mário Martins do Vale
- Department of Phytopathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília-UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Adriana Sturion Lorenzi
- Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília-UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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Characterization and antimicrobial activity of fungal endophytes from Crocus caspius (Iridaceae). BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Kalimuthu AK, Parasuraman P, Sivakumar P, Murugesan S, Arunachalam S, Pandian SRK, Ravishankar V, Ammunje DN, Sampath M, Panneerselvam T, Kunjiappan S. In silico, in vitro screening of antioxidant and anticancer potentials of bioactive secondary metabolites from an endophytic fungus (Curvularia sp.) from Phyllanthus niruri L. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:48908-48925. [PMID: 35201581 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19249-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this research work is to discover novel and efficient phytochemical substances from endophytic fungus found in medicinal plants. Curvularia geniculata L. (C. geniculata L.), an endophytic fungus isolated from Phyllanthus niruri L. (P. niruri L.), was tested against hepatoma cell lines (HepG2) in order to screen their antioxidant and anticancer potentials. The profiling of phytochemicals from the fungal extract was characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and molecular docking was done for the identified compounds against one of the potential receptors predominantly present in the hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Among the phytochemicals found, 2-methyl-7-phenylindole had the highest binding affinity (- 8.8 kcal mol-1) for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The stability of 2-methyl-7-phenylindole in the EGFR-binding pockets was tested using in silico molecular dynamics simulation. The fungal extract showed the highest antioxidant activity as measured by DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging, and FRAP assays. In vitro cytotoxicity assay of fungal extract demonstrated the concentration-dependent cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells after 24 h, and the IC50 (50% cell death) value was estimated to be 62.23 μg mL-1. Typical morphological changes such as condensation of nuclei and deformed membrane structures are indicative of ongoing apoptosis. The mitochondria of HepG2 cells were also targeted by the endophytic fungal extract, which resulted in substantial generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to the destruction of mitochondrial transmembrane potential integrity. These outcomes suggest that the ethyl acetate extract of C. geniculata L. has the potential to be an antioxidant agent and further to be exploited in developing potential anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Kumar Kalimuthu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Srivilliputhur, 626126, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pavadai Parasuraman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, 560054, Karnataka, India
| | - Pandian Sivakumar
- School of Petroleum Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar, 382426, Gujarat, India
| | - Sankaranarayanan Murugesan
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sankarganesh Arunachalam
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Srivilliputhur, 626126, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sureshbabu Ram Kumar Pandian
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Srivilliputhur, 626126, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vigneshwaran Ravishankar
- Department of Biotechnology, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi, 626005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Damodar Nayak Ammunje
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, 560054, Karnataka, India
| | - Muthukumar Sampath
- Department of Bioengineering, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi-835215, Mesra, Jharkhand, India
| | - Theivendran Panneerselvam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Swamy Vivekanandha College of Pharmacy, Tiruchengodu, 637205, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvaraj Kunjiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Srivilliputhur, 626126, Tamil Nadu, India.
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15
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An C, Ma S, Shi X, Liu C, Ding H, Xue W. Diversity and Ginsenoside Biotransformation Potential of Cultivable Endophytic Fungi Associated With Panax bipinnatifidus var. bipinnatifidus in Qinling Mountains, China. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:762862. [PMID: 35444534 PMCID: PMC9014171 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.762862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To obtain novel fungi with potent β-glucosidase for minor ginsenoside production, Panax bipinnatifidus var. bipinnatifidus, which is a traditional medicinal plant containing various ginsenosides, was first employed to isolate endophytic fungi in this study. A total of 93 representative morphotype strains were isolated and identified according to ITS rDNA sequence analyses, and they were grouped into three phyla (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mucoromycota), five classes (Dothideomycetes, Sordariomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Agaricomycetes, and Mucoromycetes), and 24 genera. Plectosphaerella (RA, 19.35%) was the most abundant genus, followed by Paraphoma (RA, 11.83%) and Fusarium (RA, 9.70%). The species richness index (S, 34) and the Shannon–Wiener index (H’, 3.004) indicated that P. bipinnatifidus harbored abundant fungal resources. A total of 26 endophytic fungal ethyl acetate extracts exhibited inhibitory activities against at least one pathogenic bacterium or fungus. In total, 11 strains showed strong β-glucosidase activities and also presented with the ability of ginsenoside biotransformation with varied glycoside-hydrolyzing pathways. Excitingly, three genera, namely, Ilyonectria, Sarocladium, and Lecanicillium, and all 11 taxa were first found to have the ability to transform ginsenosides in our study. The results indicated that P. bipinnatifidus could be a new fungi resource with potential novel natural compounds with antimicrobial activity and potent β-glucosidase for varied minor ginsenoside production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao An
- Shaanxi Institute of Microbiology, Xi'an, China.,Engineering Center of QinLing Mountains Natural Products, Shaanxi Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Saijian Ma
- Shaanxi Institute of Microbiology, Xi'an, China.,Engineering Center of QinLing Mountains Natural Products, Shaanxi Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinwei Shi
- Engineering Center of QinLing Mountains Natural Products, Shaanxi Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China.,Xi'an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Shaanxi Institute of Microbiology, Xi'an, China.,Engineering Center of QinLing Mountains Natural Products, Shaanxi Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Ding
- Shaanxi Institute of Microbiology, Xi'an, China.,Engineering Center of QinLing Mountains Natural Products, Shaanxi Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjiao Xue
- Shaanxi Institute of Microbiology, Xi'an, China.,Engineering Center of QinLing Mountains Natural Products, Shaanxi Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
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16
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Pofu KM, Mashela PW. Interactive Effects of Filamentous Fungi and Cucurbitacin Phytonematicide on Growth of Cowpea and Suppression of Meloidogyne enterolobii. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:765051. [PMID: 35211103 PMCID: PMC8861197 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.765051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cowpea [(Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp)] is highly susceptible to the emerging guava root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne enterolobii, with available management options being limited due to the withdrawal of effective fumigant nematicides from the agrochemical markets. Filamentous fungi, available as Biocult (a.i. Glomus species + Trichoderma asperellum Lieckf and Nirenberg) and Nemafric-BL phytonematicide (a.i. cucurbitacin B) each improves plant growth and suppresses nematode population densities. However, when filamentous fungi like Biocult are combined with other biocontrol agents, the combined effects either have synergestic or antagonistic effects on the test variables. The combined effects of Biocult and cucurbitacin phytonematicides on plant growth and nematode suppression remain undocumented. The objective of this study was therefore to determine the combined effects of Biocult and Nemafric-BL phytonematicide on growth of cowpea var. Eureka and suppression of M. enterolobii population densities. Eureka was subjected to the effects of the two products in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment on a field infested with M. enterolobii. At harvest, the interaction of Biocult and Nemafric-BL phytonematicide was highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) on plant and nematode variables, with a two-way table used to assess the findings. Relative to untreated control, Biocult alone increased plant growth variables from 15 to 74%. Similarly, NemafricBL phytonematicide increased plant variables from 14 to 61%, whereas the combined effects significantly increased dry shoot mass (19%) and dry harvestable leaf mass (21%), but did not have significant effects on plant height and stem diameter. Relative to untreated control, Biocult alone reduced nematode eggs in root (80%), J2 in root (84%) and J2 in soil (53%), whereas the combined relative effects of the two products did not have significant effects on nematode population densities. In conclusion, Biocult and Nemafric-BL phytonematicide had antagonistic effects on growth of cowpea and suppression of M. enterolobii population densities and therefore, should be used separately in cowpea production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kgabo Martha Pofu
- Plant Production, Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, Green Biotechnologies Research Centre of Excellence, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa
| | - Phatu William Mashela
- Plant Production, Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, Green Biotechnologies Research Centre of Excellence, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa
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17
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Liu X, Zhou ZY, Cui JL, Wang ML, Wang JH. Biotransformation ability of endophytic fungi: from species evolution to industrial applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:7095-7113. [PMID: 34499202 PMCID: PMC8426592 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11554-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Increased understanding of the interactions between endophytic fungi and plants has led to the discovery of a new generation of chemical compounds and processes between endophytic fungi and plants. Due to the long-term co-evolution between fungal endophytes and host plants, endophytes have evolved special biotransformation abilities, which can have critical consequences on plant metabolic processes and their composition. Biotransformation or bioconversion can impact the synthesis and decomposition of hormones, sugars, amino acids, vitamins, lipids, proteins, and various secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, polysaccharides, and terpenes. Endophytic fungi produce enzymes and various bioactive secondary metabolites with industrial value and can degrade or sequester inorganic and organic small molecules and macromolecules (e.g., toxins, pollutants, heavy metals). These fungi also have the ability to cause highly selective catalytic conversion of high-value compounds in an environmentally friendly manner, which can be important for the production/innovation of bioactive molecules, food and nutrition, agriculture, and environment. This work mainly summarized recent research progress in this field, providing a reference for further research and application of fungal endophytes. Key points •The industrial value of degradation of endophytes was summarized. • The commercial value for the pharmaceutical industry is reviewed. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Liu
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China.,Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhong-Ya Zhou
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China.,Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Jin-Long Cui
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China.
| | - Meng-Liang Wang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Jun-Hong Wang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
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18
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Mishra S, Sahu PK, Agarwal V, Singh N. Exploiting endophytic microbes as micro-factories for plant secondary metabolite production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:6579-6596. [PMID: 34463800 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11527-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites have significant potential applications in a wide range of pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries by providing new chemistries and compounds. However, direct isolation of such compounds from plants has resulted in over-harvesting and loss of biodiversity, currently threatening several medicinal plant species to extinction. With the breakthrough report of taxol production by an endophytic fungus of Taxus brevifolia, a new era in natural product research was established. Since then, the ability of endophytic microbes to produce metabolites similar to those produced by their host plants has been discovered. The plant "endosphere" represents a rich and unique biological niche inhabited by organisms capable of producing a range of desired compounds. In addition, plants growing in diverse habitats and adverse environmental conditions represent a valuable reservoir for obtaining rare microbes with potential applications. Despite being an attractive and sustainable approach for obtaining economically important metabolites, the industrial exploitation of microbial endophytes for the production and isolation of plant secondary metabolites remains in its infancy. The present review provides an updated overview of the prospects, challenges, and possible solutions for using microbial endophytes as micro-factories for obtaining commercially important plant metabolites.Key points• Some "plant" metabolites are rather synthesized by the associated endophytes.• Challenges: Attenuation, silencing of BGCs, unculturability, complex cross-talk.• Solutions: Simulation of in planta habitat, advanced characterization methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Mishra
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Dayalbagh Educational Institute (Deemed-to-be-University), Agra, Uttar Pradesh, 282005, India.
| | - Pramod Kumar Sahu
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Kushmaur, Maunath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh, 275103, India
| | - Vishad Agarwal
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Dayalbagh Educational Institute (Deemed-to-be-University), Agra, Uttar Pradesh, 282005, India
| | - Namrata Singh
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Dayalbagh Educational Institute (Deemed-to-be-University), Agra, Uttar Pradesh, 282005, India
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19
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Ijoma GN, Heri SM, Matambo TS, Tekere M. Trends and Applications of Omics Technologies to Functional Characterisation of Enzymes and Protein Metabolites Produced by Fungi. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:700. [PMID: 34575737 PMCID: PMC8464691 DOI: 10.3390/jof7090700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying and adopting industrial applications for proteins and enzymes derived from fungi strains have been at the focal point of several studies in recent times. To facilitate such studies, it is necessary that advancements and innovation in mycological and molecular characterisation are concomitant. This review aims to provide a detailed overview of the necessary steps employed in both qualitative and quantitative research using the omics technologies that are pertinent to fungi characterisation. This stems from the understanding that data provided from the functional characterisation of fungi and their metabolites is important towards the techno-economic feasibility of large-scale production of biological products. The review further describes how the functional gaps left by genomics, internal transcribe spacer (ITS) regions are addressed by transcriptomics and the various techniques and platforms utilised, including quantitive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), hybridisation techniques, and RNA-seq, and the insights such data provide on the effect of environmental changes on fungal enzyme production from an expressional standpoint. The review also offers information on the many available bioinformatics tools of analysis necessary for the analysis of the overwhelming data synonymous with the omics approach to fungal characterisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace N. Ijoma
- Institute for the Development of Energy for African Sustainability (IDEAS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, UNISA, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (S.M.H.); (T.S.M.)
| | - Sylvie M. Heri
- Institute for the Development of Energy for African Sustainability (IDEAS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, UNISA, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (S.M.H.); (T.S.M.)
| | - Tonderayi S. Matambo
- Institute for the Development of Energy for African Sustainability (IDEAS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, UNISA, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (S.M.H.); (T.S.M.)
| | - Memory Tekere
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, UNISA, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
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20
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El-Sayed ASA, Shindia AA, AbouZeid A, Koura A, Hassanein SE, Ahmed RM. Triggering the biosynthetic machinery of Taxol by Aspergillus flavipes via cocultivation with Bacillus subtilis: proteomic analyses emphasize the chromatin remodeling upon fungal-bacterial interaction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:39866-39881. [PMID: 33768456 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13533-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Attenuating the Taxol biosynthesis by fungi with storage and subculturing is the major challenge that limits their further industrial applications. Aspergillus flavipes has been reported as a potent Taxol producer, with plausible increasing to its Taxol yield upon coculturing with the microbiome of Podocarpus gracilior (El-Sayed et al., Process Biochemistry 76:55-67, 2019a; Scientific Reports 9, 2019b; Enzyme and Microbial Technology 131, 2019c); however, the identity of these microbial inducers remains ambiguous. Thus, this study was to assess the potency of individual microbes to trigger the Taxol biosynthesis by A. flavipes and to unravel the differentially expressed protein in response to bacterial interaction. Among the 25 bacterial endophytes of P. gracilior, Bacillus subtilis was the potent isolate enhancing the Taxol yield of A. flavipes by ~1.6-fold. Strikingly, this bacterial elicitor displayed a reliable inhibition to the growth of A. flavipes, so the released antifungal compound by B. subtilis could be the same signals for triggering the expression of A. flavipes Taxol synthesis. The highest Taxol yield by A. flavipes was obtained with the viable cells of B. subtilis, ensuring the pivotality of physical intimate bacterial-fungal interaction. Differential proteome of the cocultures A. flavipes and B. subtilis as well as the axenic A. flavipes was conducted by LC-MS/MS. From the total of 106 identified proteins, 50 proteins were significantly expressed, 47 were upregulated ones, and 59 were downregulated ones for the cocultures normalizing to the axenic one. From the Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG enrichment analyses, the cellular process, primary metabolic process, and nitrogen compound metabolic process were significantly changed in the coculture normalizing to monoculture of A. flavipes. The molecular function terms (histones H2B, H2A, peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, and nucleoside-diphosphate kinase (NDPK)) were the highly significantly expressed proteins of A. flavipes in response to B. subtilis, with strong correlation to triggering of Taxol biosynthesis. The intimate interaction of A. flavipes with B. subtilis strongly modulates the Taxol biosynthetic machinery of A. flavipes by modulating the chromatin remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf S A El-Sayed
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab (EFBL), Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed A Shindia
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab (EFBL), Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Azza AbouZeid
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab (EFBL), Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Alaa Koura
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab (EFBL), Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Sameh E Hassanein
- Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agriculture Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania M Ahmed
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab (EFBL), Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
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21
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Abdel-Fatah SS, El-Batal AI, El-Sherbiny GM, Khalaf MA, El-Sayed AS. Production, bioprocess optimization and γ-irradiation of Penicillium polonicum, as a new Taxol producing endophyte from Ginko biloba. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 30:e00623. [PMID: 34026575 PMCID: PMC8120861 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-eight fungal endophytes were recovered from the different parts of Ginkgo biloba and screened for their Taxol producing potency. Among these isolates, Penicillium polonicum AUMC14487 was reported as the potent Taxol producer (90.53 μg/l). The chemical identity of the extracted Taxol was verified from the TLC, HPLC, NMR, EDX, and FTIR analyses. The extracted Taxol displayed a strong antiproliferative activity against HEPG2 (IC50 4.06 μM) and MCF7 (IC50 6.07 μM). The yield of Taxol by P. polonicum was optimized by nutritional optimization with the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using Plackett-Burman and Central Composite Designs. In addition to nutritional optimization, the effect of γ-irradiation of the spores of P. polonicum on its Taxol producing potency was evaluated. The yield of Taxol by P. polonicum was increased via nutritional optimization by response surface methodology with Plackett-Burman and FCCD designs, and γ-irradiation by about 4.5 folds, comparing to the control culture. The yield of Taxol was increased by about 1.2 folds (401.2 μg/l) by γ -irradiation of the isolates at 0.5-0.75 kGy, comparing to the control cultures (332.2 μg/l). The highest Taxol yield was obtained by growing P. polonicum on modified Czapek's- Dox medium (sucrose 40.0 g/l, malt extract 20.0 g/l, peptone 2.0 g/l, K2PO4 2.0 g/l, KCl 1.0 g/l, NaNO3 2.0 g/l, MgSO4. 5H2O 1.0 g/l) of pH 7.0 at 30.0 °C for 7.0 days. From the FCCD design, sucrose, malt extract and incubation time being the highest significant variables medium components affecting the Taxol production by P. polonicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobhy S Abdel-Fatah
- Drug Radiation Research Dep., Biotechnology Division, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I El-Batal
- Drug Radiation Research Dep., Biotechnology Division, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gamal M El-Sherbiny
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Khalaf
- Drug Radiation Research Dep., Biotechnology Division, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.,Microbiology Dep., Biotechnology Division, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashraf S El-Sayed
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab (EFBL), Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, 44519, Egypt
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22
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Agrawal S, Samanta S, Deshmukh SK. The antidiabetic potential of endophytic fungi: Future prospects as therapeutic agents. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:1159-1165. [PMID: 33998044 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common systemic diseases in the world, and it occurs when the body becomes resistant to insulin or does not make enough insulin. As described by the World Health Organization, diabetes mellitus of all types has exponentially grown in the past decades across the globe and it is estimated to be 629 million by 2045. Despite this alarming prevalence of diabetes mellitus, there is still the lack of harmless preventive medicines. Natural products and compounds obtained from plants, fungi, bacteria, and other living organisms have been used for many decades in folklore medicine to prepare a varied range of natural formulations to treat multiple diseases and illnesses. Endophytic fungi reside inside the plant while causing no harm to the host plant and are relatively less explored as the primary source for the bioactive metabolites such as anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and industrial enzymes. This mini-review summarizes the potential of compounds and extracts from endophytic fungi against diabetes mellitus. Not much research has been dedicated in-depth understanding of the role of extracts of endophytic fungi and their effect on diabetes mellitus. Therefore, this article will focus on recent work and warrant further commentaries on the published articles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivankar Agrawal
- Indian Council of Medical Research, IJMR Unit, Delhi, India.,TERI-Deakin Nano Biotechnology Centre, Biotechnology and Management of Bioresources Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sreeparna Samanta
- TERI-Deakin Nano Biotechnology Centre, Biotechnology and Management of Bioresources Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Deshmukh
- TERI-Deakin Nano Biotechnology Centre, Biotechnology and Management of Bioresources Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, India
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23
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Wang Q, Peng C, Shi L, Liu Z, Zhou D, Meng H, Zhao H, Li F, Zhang M. A Technical System for the Large-Scale Application of Metabolites From Paecilomyces variotii SJ1 in Agriculture. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:671879. [PMID: 34055763 PMCID: PMC8149806 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.671879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Compared with endophytes, metabolites from endophytes (MEs) have great potential in agriculture. However, a technique for industrializing the production of MEs is still scarce. Moreover, the establishment of effective methods for evaluating the quality of MEs is hampered by the fact that some compounds with beneficial effects on crops have not been clearly identified. Herein, a system was established for the production, quality control and application of MEs by using the extract from Paecilomyces variotii SJ1 (ZNC). First, the extraction conditions of ZNC were optimized through response surface methodology, after which each batch (500 L) met the consumption requirements of crops in 7,467 hectares. Then, chromatographic fingerprinting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were applied to evaluate the similarity and specificity of unknown effective components in ZNC, ensuring a similarity of more than 90% and a quantitative accuracy of greater than 99.9% for the products from different batches. Finally, the bioactivity of industrially produced ZNC was evaluated in the field, and it significantly increased the potato yields by 4.4–10.8%. Overall, we have established a practical technical system for the large-scale application of ZNC in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbin Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Pengbo Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tai'an, China
| | - Chune Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Liran Shi
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhiguang Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Dafa Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Hui Meng
- Shandong Pengbo Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tai'an, China
| | - Hongling Zhao
- Shandong Pengbo Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tai'an, China
| | - Fuchuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Min Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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Lerksuthirat T, Wikiniyadhanee R, Chitphuk S, Stitchantrakul W, Sampattavanich S, Jirawatnotai S, Jumpathong J, Dejsuphong D. DNA Repair Biosensor-Identified DNA Damage Activities of Endophyte Extracts from Garcinia cowa. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1680. [PMID: 33339185 PMCID: PMC7765599 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in chemotherapy focus on target-specific mechanisms, which occur only in cancer cells and minimize the effects on normal cells. DNA damage and repair pathways are a promising target in the treatment of cancer. In order to identify novel compounds targeting DNA repair pathways, two key proteins, 53BP1 and RAD54L, were tagged with fluorescent proteins as indicators for two major double strand break (DSB) repair pathways: non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR). The engineered biosensor cells exhibited the same DNA repair properties as the wild type. The biosensor cells were further used to investigate the DNA repair activities of natural biological compounds. An extract from Phyllosticta sp., the endophyte isolated from the medicinal plant Garcinia cowa Roxb. ex Choisy, was tested. The results showed that the crude extract induced DSB, as demonstrated by the increase in the DNA DSB marker γH2AX. The damaged DNA appeared to be repaired through NHEJ, as the 53BP1 focus formation in the treated fraction was higher than in the control group. In conclusion, DNA repair-based biosensors are useful for the preliminary screening of crude extracts and biological compounds for the identification of potential targeted therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tassanee Lerksuthirat
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (T.L.); (S.C.); (W.S.)
| | - Rakkreat Wikiniyadhanee
- Section for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Sermsiri Chitphuk
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (T.L.); (S.C.); (W.S.)
| | - Wasana Stitchantrakul
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (T.L.); (S.C.); (W.S.)
| | - Somponnat Sampattavanich
- Siriraj Center of Research for Excellence (SiCORE) for Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (S.S.); (S.J.)
| | - Siwanon Jirawatnotai
- Siriraj Center of Research for Excellence (SiCORE) for Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (S.S.); (S.J.)
| | - Juangjun Jumpathong
- Center of Excellent in Research for Agricultural Biotechnology and Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Donniphat Dejsuphong
- Section for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
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Production and bioprocess optimization of antitumor Epothilone B analogue from Aspergillus fumigatus, endophyte of Catharanthus roseus, with response surface methodology. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 143:109718. [PMID: 33375978 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Epothilones are secondary metabolites produced by Sorangium cellulosum with powerful antiproliferative activity against tumor cells by stabilizing their microtubule arrays, arresting their cellular division at G2-M phase. Unfortunately, the lower yield of epothilone is the challenge for its higher accessibility, thus, searching for alternative sources with promising epothilone producing potency is the prospective. Endophytic fungi are the potential repertoire for bioactive metabolites, thus exploring the epothilone producing potency of endophytic fungi of medicinal plants was objective. Thirty-two fungal isolates were recovered from the tested medicinal plants and their potency to produced epothilone have been assessed using the TLC, HPLC and molecular markers epoA, epoC and epoK. Aspergillus fumigatus EFBL, an endophyte of Catharanthus roseus, was the potent epothilone producer (21.5 μg/g biomass) as revealed from the chromatographic analyses and PCR of molecular markers. The chemical identity of extracted epothilone was verified from the HPLC, NMR, FTIR and LC-MS analyses as epothilone B analogue. The putative epoA gene from A. fumigatus was amplified using RT-PCR with the conservative corresponding primers to the active-sites of S. cellulosum. The amplicons of epoA was 517 bp displayed 98 % similarity with A. fumigatus PKS-NRPS domains, and 40 % similarity with epoA of S. cellulosum. From the in silico analyses, Val506, Ala605 and Ser630 are the conservative amino acids of epoA protein of A. fumigatus and S. cellulosum. Epothilone B from A. fumigatus displayed a strong antiproliferative activity against HepG-2, MCF-7 and LS174 T as revealed from the IC50 values 6.4, 8.7 and 10.21 μM, respectively. The productivity of epothilone B from A. fumigatus was optimized by surface response methodology with Plackett-Burman and Faced Centered Central Composite. With the Plackett-Burman design, the yield of epothilone (54.4-60.1 μg/g biomass) by A. fumigatus was increased by about 2.8-3.0 folds comparing to non-optimized cultures (21.5 μg/ g biomass). From the FCCD design, sucrose, tryptone and incubation time being the highest significant variables medium components affecting the epothilone yield of A. fumigatus. This is the first report exploring the feasibility of endophytic fungi for epothilone producing potency, that could be a novel platform for industrial production of epothilone.
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Techaoei S, Jirayuthcharoenkul C, Jarmkom K, Dumrongphuttidecha T, Khobjai W. Chemical evaluation and antibacterial activity of novel bioactive compounds from endophytic fungi in Nelumbo nucifera. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:2883-2889. [PMID: 33100843 PMCID: PMC7569113 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize an endophytic fungi producing-bioactive compound from the aquatic plant, Nelumbo nucifera. All parts of such plant were cleaned with surface sterilization technique and cultured on potato dextrose agar to isolate endophytic fungi. The identification was characterized by morphological and molecular technique. Fungal isolates were screened to discover antimicrobial activities by disc diffusion method against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus DMST20651 (MRSA). MIC and MBC for those crude fungal extracts were determined. Finally, the chemical profile of crude extract was determined by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Six endophytic fungi were isolated from the surface-satirized parts of N. nucifera. Based on disc diffusion assay, the highest antibacterial activity against MRSA was isolate ST9.1 identified as Aspergillus cejpii. Results demonstrated that the ethyl acetate extraction had more active fractions with MIC of 2.5 mg/ml and MBC concentration of 50.0 mg/ml. The crude extracts were developed to identify the chemical constituents by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The major component of crude extract of endophytic fungi was 5-(1H-Indol-3-yl)-4,5-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazin-3-ylamine (C11H11N5). Thus, the plant could be used in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by bacterial pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surachai Techaoei
- Thai Traditional Medicine College, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi 12130 Thailand.,Innovation of Plants Extraction and Biological Activity for Pharmaceutical Products, Food Supplement and Medical Drugs, Thai Traditional Medicine College, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi 12130 Thailand
| | | | - Khemjira Jarmkom
- Thai Traditional Medicine College, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi 12130 Thailand.,Innovation of Plants Extraction and Biological Activity for Pharmaceutical Products, Food Supplement and Medical Drugs, Thai Traditional Medicine College, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi 12130 Thailand
| | - Thisakorn Dumrongphuttidecha
- Thai Traditional Medicine College, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi 12130 Thailand.,Innovation of Plants Extraction and Biological Activity for Pharmaceutical Products, Food Supplement and Medical Drugs, Thai Traditional Medicine College, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi 12130 Thailand
| | - Warachate Khobjai
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Technology, Nation University No. 444 Vajiravuth Damnern Road, Prabat Sub-district, Mueang District, Lampang 52000, Thailand
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El-Sayed AS, El-Sayed MT, Rady AM, Zein N, Enan G, Shindia A, El-Hefnawy S, Sitohy M, Sitohy B. Exploiting the Biosynthetic Potency of Taxol from Fungal Endophytes of Conifers Plants; Genome Mining and Metabolic Manipulation. Molecules 2020; 25:E3000. [PMID: 32630044 PMCID: PMC7412027 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25133000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi have been considered as a repertoire for bioactive secondary metabolites with potential application in medicine, agriculture and food industry. The biosynthetic pathways by fungal endophytes raise the argument of acquisition of these machineries of such complex metabolites from the plant host. Diterpenoids "Taxol" is the most effective anticancer drug with highest annual sale, since its discovery in 1970 from the Pacific yew tree, Taxus brevifolia. However, the lower yield of Taxol from this natural source (bark of T. brevifolia), availability and vulnerability of this plant to unpredicted fluctuation with the ecological and environmental conditions are the challenges. Endophytic fungi from Taxus spp. opened a new avenue for industrial Taxol production due to their fast growth, cost effectiveness, independence on climatic changes, feasibility of genetic manipulation. However, the anticipation of endophytic fungi for industrial Taxol production has been challenged by the loss of its productivity, due to the metabolic reprograming of cells, downregulating the expression of its encoding genes with subculturing and storage. Thus, the objectives of this review were to (1) Nominate the endophytic fungal isolates with the Taxol producing potency from Taxaceae and Podocarpaceae; (2) Emphasize the different approaches such as molecular manipulation, cultural optimization, co-cultivation for enhancing the Taxol productivities; (3) Accentuate the genome mining of the rate-limiting enzymes for rapid screening the Taxol biosynthetic machinery; (4) Triggering the silenced rate-limiting genes and transcriptional factors to activates the biosynthetic gene cluster of Taxol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf S.A. El-Sayed
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab (EFBL), Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (M.T.E.-S.); (G.E.); (A.S.); (S.E.-H.)
| | - Manal T. El-Sayed
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab (EFBL), Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (M.T.E.-S.); (G.E.); (A.S.); (S.E.-H.)
| | - Amgad M. Rady
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Cairo 12566, Egypt;
| | - Nabila Zein
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Gamal Enan
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab (EFBL), Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (M.T.E.-S.); (G.E.); (A.S.); (S.E.-H.)
| | - Ahmed Shindia
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab (EFBL), Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (M.T.E.-S.); (G.E.); (A.S.); (S.E.-H.)
| | - Sara El-Hefnawy
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab (EFBL), Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (M.T.E.-S.); (G.E.); (A.S.); (S.E.-H.)
| | - Mahmoud Sitohy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Basel Sitohy
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Infection and Immunology, Umeå University, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden
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Poveda J, Abril-Urias P, Escobar C. Biological Control of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes by Filamentous Fungi Inducers of Resistance: Trichoderma, Mycorrhizal and Endophytic Fungi. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:992. [PMID: 32523567 PMCID: PMC7261880 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-parasitic-nematodes represent a major threat to the agricultural production of different crops worldwide. Due to the high toxicity of chemical nematicides, it is necessary to develop new control strategies against nematodes. In this respect, filamentous fungi can be an interesting biocontrol alternative. The genus Trichoderma, mycorrhizal and endophytic fungi are the main groups of filamentous fungi studied and used as biological control agents (BCAs) against nematodes as resistance inducers. They are able to reduce the damage caused by plant-parasitic nematodes directly by parasitism, antibiosis, paralysis and by the production of lytic enzymes. But they also minimize harm by space and resource-competition, by providing higher nutrient and water uptake to the plant, or by modifying the root morphology, and/or rhizosphere interactions, that constitutes an advantage for the plant-growth. Besides, filamentous fungi are able to induce resistance against nematodes by activating hormone-mediated (salicylic and jasmonic acid, strigolactones among others) plant-defense mechanisms. Additionally, the alteration of the transport of chemical defense components through the plant or the synthesis of plant secondary metabolites and different enzymes can also contribute to enhancing plant defenses. Therefore, the use of filamentous fungi of the mentioned groups as BCAs is a promising durable biocontrol strategy in agriculture against plant-parasitic nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Poveda
- Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Biological Mission of Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Patricia Abril-Urias
- Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Carolina Escobar
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Ancheeva E, Daletos G, Proksch P. Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Endophytic Fungi. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:1836-1854. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190916144709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Endophytes represent a complex community of microorganisms colonizing
asymptomatically internal tissues of higher plants. Several reports have shown that endophytes enhance
the fitness of their host plants by direct production of bioactive secondary metabolites, which are involved
in protecting the host against herbivores and pathogenic microbes. In addition, it is increasingly
apparent that endophytes are able to biosynthesize medicinally important “phytochemicals”, originally
believed to be produced only by their host plants.
Objective:
The present review provides an overview of secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi
with pronounced biological activities covering the literature between 2010 and 2017. Special focus is
given on studies aiming at exploration of the mode of action of these metabolites towards the discovery
of leads from endophytic fungi. Moreover, this review critically evaluates the potential of endophytic
fungi as alternative sources of bioactive “plant metabolites”.
Results:
Over the past few years, several promising lead structures from endophytic fungi have been
described in the literature. In this review, 65 metabolites are outlined with pronounced biological activities,
primarily as antimicrobial and cytotoxic agents. Some of these metabolites have shown to be
highly selective or to possess novel mechanisms of action, which hold great promises as potential drug
candidates.
Conclusion:
Endophytes represent an inexhaustible reservoir of pharmacologically important compounds.
Moreover, endophytic fungi could be exploited for the sustainable production of bioactive
“plant metabolites” in the future. Towards this aim, further insights into the dynamic endophyte - host
plant interactions and origin of endophytic fungal genes would be of utmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ancheeva
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Georgios Daletos
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Peter Proksch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
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Gupta S, Chaturvedi P, Kulkarni MG, Van Staden J. A critical review on exploiting the pharmaceutical potential of plant endophytic fungi. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 39:107462. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Chen HL, Zhao WT, Liu QP, Chen HY, Zhao W, Yang DF, Yang XL. (±)-Preisomide: A new alkaloid featuring a rare naturally occurring tetrahydro-2H-1,2-oxazin skeleton from an endophytic fungus Preussia isomera by using OSMAC strategy. Fitoterapia 2020; 141:104475. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Moura MS, Lacerda JWF, Siqueira KA, Bellete BS, Sousa PT, Dall Óglio EL, Soares MA, Vieira LCC, Sampaio OM. Endophytic fungal extracts: evaluation as photosynthesis and weed growth inhibitors. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2020; 55:470-476. [PMID: 32009547 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2020.1721981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A central pillar of modern weed control is the discovery of new herbicides which are nontoxic to humans and the environment and which have low application dosage. The natural products found in plants and microorganisms are well suited in this context because they are generally nontoxic and have a wide variety of biological activities. In this work, Diaporthe phaseolorum (Dp), Penicillium simplicissimum (Ps) and Trichoderma spirale (Ts) (methanolic extracts) were evaluated as photosynthesis and plant growth inhibitors in Senna occidentalis and Ipomoea grandifolia. The most significant results were observed for Ts and Dp in S. occidentalis and I. grandifolia, respectively. Ts reduced PI(abs), ET0/CS0, PHI(E0) and PSI0 parameters by 64, 28, 40 and 38%, respectively, indicating a reduction on electron transport efficiency. Additionally, Ts decreased shoot length by 9%, affecting the plant growth. Dp reduced PI(abs), ET0/CS0 and PHI(E0) parameters by 50, 20, 26 and 22%, respectively, revealing the inhibition competency on PSII acceptor site. Furthermore, Dp decreased by 50% the shoot length on germination assay. Thus, the phytotoxic behaviors based on endophytic fungal extracts may serve as a valuable tool in the further development of a bioherbicide since natural products represent an interesting alternative to replace commercial herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana S Moura
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Jhuly W F Lacerda
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Kátia A Siqueira
- Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Barbara S Bellete
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Paulo T Sousa
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos A Soares
- Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Lucas C C Vieira
- Engineering Faculty, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Várzea Grande, Brazil
| | - Olívia M Sampaio
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
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Andhale NB, Shahnawaz M, Ade AB. Fungal endophytes of Plumbago zeylanica L. enhances plumbagin content. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2019; 60:21. [PMID: 31494810 PMCID: PMC6732136 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-019-0270-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plumbagin is one of the pharmaceutically important biomolecule with anticancer potential. Among the plants reported to produce plumbagin, P. zeylanica topped the list. The plumbagin production is very slow with low yield and maximum 0.5% (of dry weight) was reported in P. zeylanica. To meet the increasing demand of the plumbagin at global level, the P. zeylanica are exploited at commercial level, which may pose serious threat on the germplasm of the plant populations. So, it is needed to enhance the contents of plumbagin in P. zeylanica using biotechnological approaches. Among the various methods used to enhance the contents of plumbagin in P. zeylanica, utilization of fungal endophytes to enhance the plumbagin contents is a widely accepted approach. As fungal endophytes have the potential to synthesize various secondary metabolites and also reported to influence the synthesis of the secondary metabolites in plants. In the present study, an attempt was made to assess the effect of fungal endophytes of the Plumbago zeylanica L. on enhancement of plumbagin contents at in vivo level. RESULTS Total 3 fungal endophytes were recorded from the roots of P. zeylanica collected from Khadki, Pune. The fungal endophytes were identified at morphological and molecular level. After 1 year of the treatment with fungal endophytes, significant enhancement of plumbagin was recorded in the roots of the P. zeylanica. Plumbagin contents in each were quantified against the standard plumbagin by employing LCMS-MS technique. Among the three fungal endophytes, the maximum enhancement of plumbagin content (122.67%) was reported with the treatment of Alternaria sp. (Isolate-3) in the roots of the P. zeylanica compared to control. CONCLUSION Among the three fungal endophytes, the maximum enhancement of plumbagin content (122.67%) was reported with Alternaria sp. (Isolate 3) in the roots of the pot-grown plants of P. zeylanica at in vivo level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namdeo B Andhale
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
- Department of Biology, Fergusson College, FC Road, Shivajinagar, Pune, MS, 411004, India
| | - Mohd Shahnawaz
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India.
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road Jammu, Jammu, J&K, 180001, India.
| | - Avinash B Ade
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India.
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Strategies for gene disruption and expression in filamentous fungi. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:6041-6059. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09953-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Metagenomics Approaches in Discovery and Development of New Bioactive Compounds from Marine Actinomycetes. Curr Microbiol 2019; 77:645-656. [PMID: 31069462 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-019-01698-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Marine actinomycetes are prolific sources of marine drug discovery system contributing for several bioactive compounds of biomedical prominence. Metagenomics, a culture-independent technique through its sequence- and function-based screening has led to the discovery and synthesis of numerous biologically significant compounds like polyketide synthase, Non-ribosomal peptide synthetase, antibiotics, and biocatalyst. While metagenomics offers different advantages over conventional sequencing techniques, they also have certain limitations including bias classification, non-availability of quality DNA samples, heterologous expression, and host selection. The assimilation of advanced amplification and screening methods such as φ29 DNA polymerase, Next-Generation Sequencing, Cosmids, and recent bioinformatics tools like automated genome mining, anti-SMASH have shown promising results to overcome these constrains. Consequently, functional genomics and bioinformatics along with synthetic biology will be crucial for the success of the metagenomic approach and indeed for exploring new possibilities among the microbial consortia for the future drug discovery process.
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Exploring the Benefits of Endophytic Fungi via Omics. ADVANCES IN ENDOPHYTIC FUNGAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-03589-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Endophytic Fungi: Biodiversity, Ecological Significance, and Potential Industrial Applications. RECENT ADVANCEMENT IN WHITE BIOTECHNOLOGY THROUGH FUNGI 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-10480-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Braga RM, Padilla G, Araújo WL. The biotechnological potential of Epicoccum spp.: diversity of secondary metabolites. Crit Rev Microbiol 2018; 44:759-778. [PMID: 30369284 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2018.1514364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Epicoccum is a genus of ubiquitous fungi typically found in air, in soil, and on decaying vegetation. They also commonly display an endophytic lifestyle and are isolated from diverse plant tissues. The fungi from the genus Epicoccum are mainly known for their use as biocontrol agents against phytopathogens and for their ability to produce many secondary metabolites with potential biotechnological applications, such as antioxidant, anticancer,r and antimicrobial compounds. Among the bioactive compounds produced by Epicoccum spp., epicocconone is a commercially available fluorophore, D8646-2-6 is a patented telomerase inhibitor, and taxol is an anticancer drug originally isolated from Taxus brevifolia. Epicoccum spp. also produces epicolactone, an antimicrobial compound with a unique and complex structure that has aroused considerable interest in the chemical-synthesis community. The main goal of the present review is to discuss the diversity of secondary metabolites produced by Epicoccum spp., their biotechnological applications, and proposed hypothetical biosynthesis. In addition, the use of Epicoccum spp. as biocontrol agents and the pigments produced by these fungi are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raíssa Mesquita Braga
- a NAP-BIOP - LABMEM, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Gabriel Padilla
- a NAP-BIOP - LABMEM, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Welington Luiz Araújo
- a NAP-BIOP - LABMEM, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
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Yan W, Wei W, Zhang YY, Wang JJ, Ping XF, Xu JY, Ye YH. Nigrosporanenes C and D, two new cyclohexene derivatives from the enphytic fungus Nigrospora oryzae S4. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2018; 20:957-961. [PMID: 29334248 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2018.1424140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two new cyclohexene derivatives, nigrosporanenes C and D (1 and 2), together with three known compounds (3-5), were isolated from the culture of an endophyte Nigrospora oryzae S4. Their structures were characterized by a combination of detailed spectroscopic analysis and comparison of their NMR data with those reported in the literature. All compounds were tested for anti-phytopathogenic activity, however, none of them showed activity at a concentration of 20 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan
- a College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
| | - Wei Wei
- b Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Molecule , Jiangsu Second Normal University , Nanjing 210013 , China
| | - Yang-Yang Zhang
- a College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
| | - Jia-Jie Wang
- a College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
| | - Xiao-Fei Ping
- a College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
| | - Jia-Yun Xu
- a College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
| | - Yong-Hao Ye
- a College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
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Ancheeva E, Daletos G, Proksch P. Lead Compounds from Mangrove-Associated Microorganisms. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16090319. [PMID: 30205507 PMCID: PMC6165052 DOI: 10.3390/md16090319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The mangrove ecosystem is considered as an attractive biodiversity hotspot that is intensively studied in the hope of discovering new useful chemical scaffolds, including those with potential medicinal application. In the past two decades, mangrove-derived microorganisms, along with mangrove plants, proved to be rich sources of bioactive secondary metabolites as exemplified by the constant rise in the number of publications, which suggests the great potential of this important ecological niche. The present review summarizes selected examples of bioactive compounds either from mangrove endophytes or from soil-derived mangrove fungi and bacteria, covering the literature from 2014 to March 2018. Accordingly, 163 natural products are described in this review, possessing a wide range of potent bioactivities, such as cytotoxic, antibacterial, antifungal, α-glucosidase inhibitory, protein tyrosine phosphatase B inhibitory, and antiviral activities, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ancheeva
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Georgios Daletos
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Peter Proksch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Uzma F, Mohan CD, Hashem A, Konappa NM, Rangappa S, Kamath PV, Singh BP, Mudili V, Gupta VK, Siddaiah CN, Chowdappa S, Alqarawi AA, Abd Allah EF. Endophytic Fungi-Alternative Sources of Cytotoxic Compounds: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:309. [PMID: 29755344 PMCID: PMC5932204 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major cause of death worldwide, with an increasing number of cases being reported annually. The elevated rate of mortality necessitates a global challenge to explore newer sources of anticancer drugs. Recent advancements in cancer treatment involve the discovery and development of new and improved chemotherapeutics derived from natural or synthetic sources. Natural sources offer the potential of finding new structural classes with unique bioactivities for cancer therapy. Endophytic fungi represent a rich source of bioactive metabolites that can be manipulated to produce desirable novel analogs for chemotherapy. This review offers a current and integrative account of clinically used anticancer drugs such as taxol, podophyllotoxin, camptothecin, and vinca alkaloids in terms of their mechanism of action, isolation from endophytic fungi and their characterization, yield obtained, and fungal strain improvement strategies. It also covers recent literature on endophytic fungal metabolites from terrestrial, mangrove, and marine sources as potential anticancer agents and emphasizes the findings for cytotoxic bioactive compounds tested against specific cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazilath Uzma
- Microbial Metabolite Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, Bangalore, India
| | - Chakrabhavi D Mohan
- Department of Studies in Molecular Biology, University of Mysore, Mysore, India
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Shobith Rangappa
- Adichunchanagiri Institute for Molecular Medicine, BG Nagara, Mandya, India
| | - Praveen V Kamath
- Microbial Metabolite Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, Bangalore, India
| | - Bhim P Singh
- Molecular Microbiology and Systematics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, India
| | - Venkataramana Mudili
- Microbiology Division, DRDO-BU-Centre for Life sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Vijai K Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, ERA Chair of Green Chemistry, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Chandra N Siddaiah
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Mysore, India
| | - Srinivas Chowdappa
- Microbial Metabolite Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, Bangalore, India
| | - Abdulaziz A Alqarawi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed F Abd Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Tan XM, Zhou YQ, Zhou XL, Xia XH, Wei Y, He LL, Tang HZ, Yu LY. Diversity and bioactive potential of culturable fungal endophytes of Dysosma versipellis; a rare medicinal plant endemic to China. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5929. [PMID: 29651009 PMCID: PMC5897559 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24313-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant Dysosma versipellis is known for its antimicrobial and anticancer properties but is a rare and vulnerable perennial herb that is endemic to China. In this study, 224 isolates were isolated from various tissues of D. versipellis, and were classified into 53 different morphotypes according to culture characteristics and were identified by sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rRNA gene. Although nine strains were not assignable at the phylum level, 44 belonged to at least 29 genera of 15 orders of Ascomycota (93%), Basidiomycota (6%), and Zygomycota (1%). Subsequent assays revealed antimicrobial activities of 19% of endophytic extracts against at least one pathogenic bacterium or fungus. Antimicrobial activity was also determined using the agar diffusion method and was most prominent in extracts from four isolates. Moreover, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry analyses (UPLC-QTOF MS) showed the presence of podophyllotoxin in two Fusarium strains, with the highest yield of 277 μg/g in Fusarium sp. (WB5121). Taken together, the present data suggest that various endophytic fungi of D. versipellis could be exploited as sources of novel natural antimicrobial or anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Tan
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China.
| | - Ya-Qin Zhou
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant, Nanning, 530023, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Zhou
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant, Nanning, 530023, China
| | - Xiang-Hua Xia
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant, Nanning, 530023, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant, Nanning, 530023, China
| | - Li-Li He
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant, Nanning, 530023, China
| | - Hong-Zhen Tang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China.
| | - Li-Ying Yu
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant, Nanning, 530023, China
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Chagas MBDO, Prazeres Dos Santos I, Nascimento da Silva LC, Correia MTDS, Magali de Araújo J, Cavalcanti MDS, Lima VLDM. Antimicrobial Activity of Cultivable Endophytic Fungi Associated with Hancornia Speciosa Gomes Bark. Open Microbiol J 2017; 11:179-188. [PMID: 29151994 PMCID: PMC5678234 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801711010179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial potential of cultivable endophytic fungi associated with Hancornia speciosa Gomes stem bark. Methods and Materials: Plant samples were collected in rainy (July 2010) and dry (January 2011) seasons. In total, 116 endophytic fungi strains were isolated from 90 fragments (64.4% frequency of colonization). Higher fungi frequency was observed in the rainy season (84.4%). The strains were grouped into 14 species; the most frequent were Phoma cava (13.8%), Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (12.1%), and Lasiodiplodia theobromae (11.2%). Fungal diversity was similar in both the seasons. Among the 116 strains, 39 (33.6%) showed antimicrobial activity in preliminary screening. The ten most active isolates were subjected to semi-solid fermentation using rice or corn as substrates. Methanolic extracts were obtained from each fermentation medium and the minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimum microbicide concentrations (MMC) were determined. Results: The best antimicrobial results (MIC < 100 µg/mL) were observed for fungi strains grown in rice medium: Aspergillus niger FHS061 against Proteus mirabilis (MIC = 19 µg/mL) and Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 39 µg/mL). These strains also showed good results when cultivated in corn medium against P. mirabilis (MIC = 78 µg/mL). Conclusion: Thus, the stem bark of H. speciosa harbors diverse endophytic fungi with antimicrobial potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mardonny Bruno de Oliveira Chagas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, S/Nº, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil
| | - Irailton Prazeres Dos Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, S/Nº, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Tereza Dos Santos Correia
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, S/Nº, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil
| | - Janete Magali de Araújo
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Nelson Chaves, S/N, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil
| | - Marilene da Silva Cavalcanti
- Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Nelson Chaves, Cidade Universitária, S/N, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil
| | - Vera Lucia de Menezes Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, S/Nº, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil
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Jahn L, Schafhauser T, Wibberg D, Rückert C, Winkler A, Kulik A, Weber T, Flor L, van Pée KH, Kalinowski J, Ludwig-Müller J, Wohlleben W. Linking secondary metabolites to biosynthesis genes in the fungal endophyte Cyanodermella asteris: The anti-cancer bisanthraquinone skyrin. J Biotechnol 2017. [PMID: 28647529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.06.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fungal aromatic polyketides display a very diverse and widespread group of natural products. Due to their excellent light absorption properties and widely studied biological activities, they offer numerous application for food, textile and pharmaceutical industry. The biosynthetic pathways of fungal aromatic polyketides usually involve a set of successive enzymes, in which a non-reductive polyketide synthase iteratively catalyzes the essential assembly of simple building blocks into (often polycyclic) aromatic compounds. However, only a limited number of such pathways have been described so far and further elucidation of the individual biosynthetic steps is needed to fully exploit the biotechnological and medicinal potential of these compounds. Here, we identified the bisanthraquinone skyrin as the main pigment of the fungus Cyanodermella asteris, an endophyte that has recently been isolated from the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Aster tataricus. The genome of C. asteris was sequenced, assembled and annotated, which enables first insights into a genome from a non-lichenized member of the class Lecanoromycetes. Genetic and in silico analyses led to the identification of a gene cluster of five genes suggested to encode the enzymatic pathway for skyrin. Our study is a starting point for rational pathway engineering in order to drive the production towards higher yields or more active derivatives. Moreover, our investigations revealed a large potential of secondary metabolite production in C. asteris as well as in all Lecanoromycetes of which genomes were available. These findings convincingly emphasize that Lecanoromycetes are prolific producers of secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Jahn
- Institut für Botanik, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Schafhauser
- Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Interfakultäres Institut für Mikrobiologie und Infektionsmedizin, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Daniel Wibberg
- Centrum für Biotechnologie, CeBiTec, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christian Rückert
- Centrum für Biotechnologie, CeBiTec, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Anika Winkler
- Centrum für Biotechnologie, CeBiTec, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Andreas Kulik
- Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Interfakultäres Institut für Mikrobiologie und Infektionsmedizin, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tilmann Weber
- Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Interfakultäres Institut für Mikrobiologie und Infektionsmedizin, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Bygning 220, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Tübingen, IMIT, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Liane Flor
- Allgemeine Biochemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz van Pée
- Allgemeine Biochemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörn Kalinowski
- Centrum für Biotechnologie, CeBiTec, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jutta Ludwig-Müller
- Institut für Botanik, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Wohlleben
- Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Interfakultäres Institut für Mikrobiologie und Infektionsmedizin, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Tübingen, IMIT, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Mefteh FB, Daoud A, Chenari Bouket A, Alenezi FN, Luptakova L, Rateb ME, Kadri A, Gharsallah N, Belbahri L. Fungal Root Microbiome from Healthy and Brittle Leaf Diseased Date Palm Trees ( Phoenix dactylifera L.) Reveals a Hidden Untapped Arsenal of Antibacterial and Broad Spectrum Antifungal Secondary Metabolites. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:307. [PMID: 28293229 PMCID: PMC5329013 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to explore and compare the composition, metabolic diversity and antimicrobial potential of endophytic fungi colonizing internal tissues of healthy and brittle leaf diseased (BLD) date palm trees (Phoenix dactylifera L.) widely cultivated in arid zones of Tunisia. A total of 52 endophytic fungi were isolated from healthy and BLD roots of date palm trees, identified based on internal transcribed spacer-rDNA sequence analysis and shown to represent 13 species belonging to five genera. About 36.8% of isolates were shared between healthy and diseased root fungal microbiomes, whereas 18.4 and 44.7% of isolates were specific to healthy and BLD root fungal microbiomes, respectively. All isolates were able to produce at least two of the screened enzymes including amylase, cellulase, chitinase, pectinase, protease, laccase and lipase. A preliminary screening of the isolates using disk diffusion method for antibacterial activity against four Gram-positive and three Gram-negative bacteria and antifungal activities against three phytopathogenic fungi indicated that healthy and BLD root fungal microbiomes displayed interesting bioactivities against examined bacteria and broad spectrum bioactivity against fungal pathogens. Some of these endophytic fungi (17 isolates) were fermented and their extracts were evaluated for antimicrobial potential against bacterial and fungal isolates. Results revealed that fungal extracts exhibited antibacterial activities and were responsible for approximately half of antifungal activities against living fungi. These results suggest a strong link between fungal bioactivities and their secondary metabolite arsenal. EtOAc extracts of Geotrichum candidum and Thielaviopsis punctulata originating from BLD microbiome gave best results against Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus subtilis with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC, 0.78 mg/mL) and minimum bactericidal concentration (6.25 mg/mL). G. candidum gave the best result against Rhizoctonia solani with MIC 0.78 mg/mL and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC, 6.25 mg/mL). In conclusion, using plant microbiomes subjected to biotic stresses offers new endophytes with different bioactivities than those of healthy plants. Therefore, date palm endophytic fungi represent a hidden untapped arsenal of antibacterial and broad spectrum antifungal secondary metabolites and could be considered promising source of bioactive compounds with industrial and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedia B. Mefteh
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of SfaxSfax, Tunisia
| | - Amal Daoud
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of SfaxSfax, Tunisia
| | - Ali Chenari Bouket
- Biotechnology, NextBiotechAgareb, Tunisia
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture UniversitySakai, Japan
| | | | - Lenka Luptakova
- Biotechnology, NextBiotechAgareb, Tunisia
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Institute of Biology, Zoology and Radiobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and PharmacyKosice, Slovakia
| | - Mostafa E. Rateb
- School of Science and Sport, University of the West of ScotlandPaisley, UK
| | - Adel Kadri
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of SfaxSfax, Tunisia
- College of Science and Arts in Baljurashi, Al Baha UniversityAl Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neji Gharsallah
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of SfaxSfax, Tunisia
| | - Lassaad Belbahri
- Biotechnology, NextBiotechAgareb, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Soil Biology, University of NeuchâtelNeuchâtel, Switzerland
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