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Czerwiec Q, Chabbert B, Crônier D, Kurek B, Rakotoarivonina H. Combined hemicellulolytic and phenoloxidase activities of Thermobacillus xylanilyticus enable growth on lignin-rich substrates and the release of phenolic molecules. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 397:130507. [PMID: 38423483 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Major challenge in biorefineries is the use of all lignocellulosic components, particularly lignins. In this study, Thermobacillus xylanilyliticus grew on kraft lignin, steam-exploded and native wheat straws produced different sets of phenoloxidases and xylanases, according to the substrate. After growth, limited lignin structural modifications, mainly accompanied by a decrease in phenolic acids was observed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy. The depletion of p-coumaric acid, vanillin and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde combined to vanillin production in the culture media indicated that the bacterium can transform some phenolic compounds. Proteomic approaches allowed the identification of 29 to 33 different hemicellulases according to the substrates. Twenty oxidoreductases were differentially expressed between kraft lignin and steam-exploded wheat straw. These oxidoreductases may be involved in lignin and aromatic compound utilization and detoxification. This study highlights the potential value of Thermobacillus xylanilyticus and its enzymes in the simultaneous valorization of hemicellulose and phenolic compounds from lignocelluloses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Czerwiec
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, Reims, France; Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, AFERE, Reims, France.
| | - Brigitte Chabbert
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, Reims, France.
| | - David Crônier
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, Reims, France.
| | - Bernard Kurek
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, Reims, France.
| | - Harivony Rakotoarivonina
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, Reims, France; Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, AFERE, Reims, France.
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Li F, Deng J, Zhang Z, Wang C, Mao Y. FabV, the Unique Enoyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Reductase in Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis Associated with Walnut Bacterial Blight, Is Essential for the Growth and Confers Triclosan Resistance to the Strain. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 114:780-791. [PMID: 37913555 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-08-23-0272-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Walnut bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis (Xaj) is one of the most prevalent diseases of walnut (Juglans spp.), causing significant reductions in nut yield and important losses in economy. Enoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase (ENR) is one of the key enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of bacterial fatty acids. In this study, we identified a single ENR-encoding gene, RS10040, in the genome of the XajDW3F3 strain. Sequence alignment analysis suggested RS10040 as a candidate fabV gene in Xaj. Expression of XajfabV restored the growth of the Escherichia coli fabI temperature-sensitive mutant under a nonpermissive growth condition. In vitro assays demonstrated that XajFabV catalyzed enoyl-ACPs of various chain lengths to acyl-ACPs, demonstrating its role in de novo fatty acid biosynthesis. Furthermore, we confirmed that XajfabV is an essential gene for growth, as no XajfabV deletion mutant could be obtained, although XajfabV in the chromosome could be deleted after compensating with a functional ENR-encoding gene via an exogenous plasmid. The fabV replacement mutants showed similar growth characteristic and fatty acid compositions. Our data further identified that fabV conferred Xaj with tolerance to various environmental stresses. Although XajFabV conferred Xaj with triclosan resistance, the resistance of Xaj was weaker than that found for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Moreover, triclosan exhibited a control effect against infection of the ΔfabV/EcfabI to its host walnut. This study revealed the function of XajFabV and laid a theoretical foundation for the fatty acid synthesis mechanism of Xaj.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables/College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, China
| | - Jiangli Deng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables/College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, China
| | - Zhilin Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables/College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables/College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, China
| | - Yahui Mao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables/College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, China
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Guo Q, Su J, Liao Y, Yu Y, Luo L, Weng X, Zhang W, Hu Z, Wang H, Beattie GA, Ma J. An atypical 3-ketoacyl ACP synthase III required for acyl homoserine lactone synthesis in Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0225623. [PMID: 38415624 PMCID: PMC10952384 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02256-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The last step of the initiation phase of fatty acid biosynthesis in most bacteria is catalyzed by the 3-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthase III (FabH). Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae strain B728a encodes two FabH homologs, Psyr_3467 and Psyr_3830, which we designated PssFabH1 and PssFabH2, respectively. Here, we explored the roles of these two 3-ketoacyl-ACP synthase (KAS) III proteins. We found that PssFabH1 is similar to the Escherichia coli FabH in using acetyl-acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA ) as a substrate in vitro, whereas PssFabH2 uses acyl-CoAs (C4-C10) or acyl-ACPs (C6-C10). Mutant analysis showed that neither KAS III protein is essential for the de novo fatty acid synthesis and cell growth. Loss of PssFabH1 reduced the production of an acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) quorum-sensing signal, and this production was partially restored by overexpressing FabH homologs from other bacteria. AHL production was also restored by inhibiting fatty acid elongation and providing exogenous butyric acid. Deletion of PssFabH1 supports the redirection of acyl-ACP toward biosurfactant synthesis, which in turn enhances swarming motility. Our study revealed that PssFabH1 is an atypical KAS III protein that represents a new KAS III clade that functions in providing a critical fatty acid precursor, butyryl-ACP, for AHL synthesis.IMPORTANCEAcyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) are important quorum-sensing compounds in Gram-negative bacteria. Although their formation requires acylated acyl carrier proteins (ACPs), how the acylated intermediate is shunted from cellular fatty acid synthesis to AHL synthesis is not known. Here, we provide in vivo evidence that Pseudomonas syringae strain B728a uses the enzyme PssFabH1 to provide the critical fatty acid precursor butyryl-ACP for AHL synthesis. Loss of PssFabH1 reduces the diversion of butyryl-ACP to AHL, enabling the accumulation of acyl-ACP for synthesis of biosurfactants that contribute to bacterial swarming motility. We report that PssFabH1 and PssFabH2 each encode a 3-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase (KAS) III in P. syringae B728a. Whereas PssFabH2 is able to function in redirecting intermediates from β-oxidation to fatty acid synthesis, PssFabH1 is an atypical KAS III protein that represents a new KAS III clade based on its sequence, non-involvement in cell growth, and novel role in AHL synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoqiao Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingtong Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuling Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yin Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lizhen Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoshan Weng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhe Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haihong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gwyn A. Beattie
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Jincheng Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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Su Y, Mangus AM, Cordell WT, Pfleger BF. Overcoming barriers to medium-chain fatty alcohol production. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 85:103063. [PMID: 38219523 PMCID: PMC10922944 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.103063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Medium-chain fatty alcohols (mcFaOHs) are aliphatic primary alcohols containing six to twelve carbons that are widely used in materials, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Microbial biosynthesis has been touted as a route to less-abundant chain-length molecules and as a sustainable alternative to current petrochemical processes. Several metabolic engineering strategies for producing mcFaOHs have been demonstrated in the literature, yet processes continue to suffer from poor selectivity and mcFaOH toxicity, leading to reduced titers, rates, and yields of the desired compounds. This opinion examines the current state of microbial mcFaOH biosynthesis, summarizing engineering efforts to tailor selectivity and improve product tolerance by implementing engineering strategies that circumvent or overcome mcFaOH toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Su
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Anna M Mangus
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - William T Cordell
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Brian F Pfleger
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Yin Y, Han J, Wu H, Lu Y, Bao X, Lu Z. Comamonas resistens sp. nov. and Pseudomonas triclosanedens sp. nov., two members of the phylum Pseudomonadota isolated from the wastewater treatment system of a pharmaceutical factory. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2024; 74. [PMID: 38190241 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Five strains of two novel species were isolated from the wastewater treatment systems of a pharmaceutical factory located in Zhejiang province, PR China. Strains ZM22T and Y6 were identified as belonging to a potential novel species of the genus Comamonas, whereas strains ZM23T, ZM24 and ZM25 were identified as belonging to a novel species of the genus Pseudomonas. These strains were characterized by polyphasic approaches including 16S rRNA gene analysis, multi-locus sequence analysis, average nucleotide identity (ANI), in silico DNA-DNA hybridization (isDDH), physiological and biochemical tests, as well as chemotaxonomic analysis. Genome-based phylogenetic analysis further confirmed that strains ZM22T and Y6 form a distinct clade closely related to Comamonas testosteroni ATCC 11996T and Comamonas thiooxydans DSM 17888T. Strains ZM23T, ZM24 and ZM25 were grouped as a separate clade closely related to Pseudomonas nitroreducens DSM 14399T and Pseudomonas nicosulfuronedens LAM1902T. The orthoANI and isDDH results indicated that strains ZM22T and Y6 belong to the same species. In addition, genomic DNA fingerprinting demonstrated that these strains do not originate from a single clone. The same results were observed for strains ZM23T, ZM24 and ZM25. Strains ZM22T and Y6 were resistant to multiple antibiotics, whereas strains ZM23T, ZM24 and ZM25 were able to degrade an emerging pollutant, triclosan. The phylogenetic, physiological and biochemical characteristics, as well as chemotaxonomy, allowed these strains to be distinguished from their genus, and we therefore propose the names Comamonas resistens sp. nov. (type strain ZM22=MCCC 1K08496T=KCTC 82561T) and Pseudomonas triclosanedens sp. nov. (type strain ZM23T=MCCC 1K08497T=JCM 36056T), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Yin
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Jiayu Han
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Hao Wu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yifei Lu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Xiangxiang Bao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Zhenmei Lu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
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Ostroumova OS, Efimova SS. Lipid-Centric Approaches in Combating Infectious Diseases: Antibacterials, Antifungals and Antivirals with Lipid-Associated Mechanisms of Action. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1716. [PMID: 38136750 PMCID: PMC10741038 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12121716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the global challenges of the 21st century is the increase in mortality from infectious diseases against the backdrop of the spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic microorganisms. In this regard, it is worth targeting antibacterials towards the membranes of pathogens that are quite conservative and not amenable to elimination. This review is an attempt to critically analyze the possibilities of targeting antimicrobial agents towards enzymes involved in pathogen lipid biosynthesis or towards bacterial, fungal, and viral lipid membranes, to increase the permeability via pore formation and to modulate the membranes' properties in a manner that makes them incompatible with the pathogen's life cycle. This review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each approach in the search for highly effective but nontoxic antimicrobial agents. Examples of compounds with a proven molecular mechanism of action are presented, and the types of the most promising pharmacophores for further research and the improvement of the characteristics of antibiotics are discussed. The strategies that pathogens use for survival in terms of modulating the lipid composition and physical properties of the membrane, achieving a balance between resistance to antibiotics and the ability to facilitate all necessary transport and signaling processes, are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga S. Ostroumova
- Laboratory of Membrane and Ion Channel Modeling, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia;
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Norseeda K, Bin Aziz Pavel F, Rutherford JT, Meer HN, Dureja C, Hurdle JG, Hevener KE, Sun D. Synthesis and evaluation of phenylimidazole FabK inhibitors as new Anti-C. Difficile agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 88-89:117330. [PMID: 37224699 PMCID: PMC10834300 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Previously, 1-((4-(4-bromophenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl)-3-(5-(pyridin-2-ylthio)thiazol-2-yl)urea bearing a p-bromine substitution was shown to possess selective inhibitory activity against the Clostridioides difficile enoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase II enzyme, FabK. Inhibition of CdFabK by this compound translated to promising antibacterial activity in the low micromolar range. In these studies, we sought to expand our knowledge of the SAR of the phenylimidazole CdFabK inhibitor series while improving the potency of the compounds. Three main series of compounds were synthesized and evaluated based on: 1) pyridine head group modifications including the replacement with a benzothiazole moiety, 2) linker explorations, and 3) phenylimidazole tail group modifications. Overall, improvement in the CdFabK inhibition was achieved, while maintaining the whole cell antibacterial activity. Specifically, compounds 1-((4-(4-bromophenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl)-3-(5-((3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)thio)thiazol-2-yl)urea, 1-((4-(4-bromophenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl)-3-(6-(trifluoromethyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)urea, and 1-((4-(4-bromophenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl)-3-(6-chlorobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)urea showed CdFabK inhibition (IC50 = 0.10 to 0.24 μM), a 5 to 10-fold improvement in biochemical activity relative to 1-((4-(4-bromophenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl)-3-(5-(pyridin-2-ylthio)thiazol-2-yl)urea, with anti-C. difficile activity ranging from 1.56 to 6.25 μg/mL. Detailed analysis of the expanded SAR, supported by computational analysis, is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krissada Norseeda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720, United States
| | - Fahad Bin Aziz Pavel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - Jacob T Rutherford
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Humna N Meer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - Chetna Dureja
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Julian G Hurdle
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Kirk E Hevener
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States.
| | - Dianqing Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720, United States.
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Oberhaus AN, McFadden MS. Prospective, randomized, double blind comparison of suture materials with and without triclosan in dogs undergoing tibial plateau leveling osteotomy. THE CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL = LA REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE 2023; 64:565-570. [PMID: 37265808 PMCID: PMC10204883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To determine if triclosan-impregnated suture decreases surgical site infection rates after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) in dogs. Sample population There were 116 dogs with naturally occurring cranial cruciate ligament disease presenting for treatment with TPLO. Procedures Written consent was obtained by all clients in order to be included in this study. Dogs were randomly assigned a suture type immediately before the start of anesthesia. Infection rates were compared between the suture groups, as were the gender, duration of anesthesia, duration of surgery, age of dog, weight, length of incision, and stifle side. Direct examination by a veterinarian was conducted at 24 h, 10 to 14 d, and 8 to 12 wk after surgery. If the dogs did not return for direct examination, owners were contacted by a veterinarian and phone interviews were conducted. Results Overall, 12.9% of the incisions were diagnosed with a surgical site infection (SSI). The SSI rate for dogs that received the triclosan suture was 5.35% (3/56), and the rate for dogs that received the regular suture was 19.64% (11/56), with P = 0.016. The duration of anesthesia, duration of surgery, age, weight, length of incision, and right versus left stifle did not show a significant difference in infection rates. The suture type did have a significant effect, and triclosan-impregnated suture had a decreased infection rate when compared to regular suture. Gender also had a significant effect, with P = 0.032. Conclusion Triclosan-impregnated suture decreased SSI when used for closure in dogs undergoing TPLO. Triclosan-impregnated suture may be considered a material of choice to close surgical wounds at risk of SSI when implants are used.
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Farias JOD, Santo JDADE, Amorim IA, Rezende TMB. Triclosan antimicrobial activity against dental-caries-related bacteria. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.20396/bjos.v22i00.8668076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is a chlorinated diphenyl ether and a possible active agent against microorganisms. Due to its probability of reducing dental plaque accumulation, TCS can be added as a substance for oral hygiene. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and antimicrobial capacity of TCS against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus mutans. Methods: This work evaluates the percentage of bacteria inhibition of P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and S. mutans (ATCC 25175). TCS concentrations between 2 and 128 μg.mL-1 were tested. Results: An inhibitory potential of TCS was found against S. mutans. No percentage of inhibition was detected against P. aeruginosa (technical and biological triplicate). Conclusion: TCS, an antimicrobial agent used in dentifrices, can reduce S. mutans levels therefore these dentifrices should be indicated for patients with a high risk of caries. However, further study is needed, including antimicrobial analyses against other microbial conditions.
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Hopf FSM, Roth CD, de Souza EV, Galina L, Czeczot AM, Machado P, Basso LA, Bizarro CV. Bacterial Enoyl-Reductases: The Ever-Growing List of Fabs, Their Mechanisms and Inhibition. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:891610. [PMID: 35814645 PMCID: PMC9260719 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.891610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enoyl-ACP reductases (ENRs) are enzymes that catalyze the last step of the elongation cycle during fatty acid synthesis. In recent years, new bacterial ENR types were discovered, some of them with structures and mechanisms that differ from the canonical bacterial FabI enzymes. Here, we briefly review the diversity of structural and catalytic properties of the canonical FabI and the new FabK, FabV, FabL, and novel ENRs identified in a soil metagenome study. We also highlight recent efforts to use the newly discovered Fabs as targets for drug development and consider the complex evolutionary history of this diverse set of bacterial ENRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda S. M. Hopf
- Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional (CPBMF) and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Candida D. Roth
- Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional (CPBMF) and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eduardo V. de Souza
- Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional (CPBMF) and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luiza Galina
- Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional (CPBMF) and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexia M. Czeczot
- Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional (CPBMF) and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Pablo Machado
- Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional (CPBMF) and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luiz A. Basso
- Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional (CPBMF) and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cristiano V. Bizarro
- Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional (CPBMF) and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Cristiano V. Bizarro,
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11
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Varakala SD, Reshma RS, Schnell R, Dharmarajan S. Lead derivatization of ethyl 6-bromo-2-((dimethylamino)methyl)-5-hydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-indole-3-carboxylate and 5-bromo-2-(thiophene-2-carboxamido) benzoic acid as FabG inhibitors targeting ESKAPE pathogens. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 228:113976. [PMID: 34815129 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies on FabG have identified two compounds 5-bromo-2-(thiophene-2-carboxamido) benzoic acid (A) and ethyl 6-bromo-2-((dimethylamino)methyl)-5-hydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-indole-3-carboxylate(B) as best hits with allosteric mode of inhibition. FabG is an integral part of bacterial fatty acid biosynthetic system FAS II shown to be an essential gene in most ESKAPE Pathogens. The current work is focussed on lead expansion of these two hit molecules which ended up with forty-three analogues (twenty-nine analogues from lead compound A and fourteen compounds from lead compound B). The enzyme inhibition studies revealed that compound 15 (effective against EcFabG, AbFabG, StFabG, MtFabG1) and 19 (inhibiting EcFabG and StFabG) had potency of broad-spectrum inhibition on FabG panel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiprasad Dasugari Varakala
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Hyderabad, 500078, India
| | | | - Robert Schnell
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-17 165, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sriram Dharmarajan
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Hyderabad, 500078, India.
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12
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Reduced Susceptibility and Increased Resistance of Bacteria against Disinfectants: A Systematic Review. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122550. [PMID: 34946151 PMCID: PMC8706950 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Disinfectants are used to reduce the concentration of pathogenic microorganisms to a safe level and help to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases. However, bacteria have a tremendous ability to respond to chemical stress caused by biocides, where overuse and improper use of disinfectants can be reflected in a reduced susceptibility of microorganisms. This review aims to describe whether mutations and thus decreased susceptibility to disinfectants occur in bacteria during disinfectant exposure. A systematic literature review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted with the databases PubMed, Science Direct and Web of Science. For the final analysis, 28 sources that remained of interest were included. Articles describing reduced susceptibility or the resistance of bacteria against seven different disinfectants were identified. The important deviation of the minimum inhibitory concentration was observed in multiple studies for disinfectants based on triclosan and chlorhexidine. A reduced susceptibility to disinfectants and potentially related problems with antibiotic resistance in clinically important bacterial strains are increasing. Since the use of disinfectants in the community is rising, it is clear that reasonable use of available and effective disinfectants is needed. It is necessary to develop and adopt strategies to control disinfectant resistance.
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13
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Prevalence of resistance genes to biocides in antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:2149-2155. [PMID: 34854015 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07032-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biocides are frequently used as preservative, disinfectant and sterilizer against many microorganisms in hospitals, industry and home. However, the reduced susceptibility rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) strains to biocides is increasing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of four frequently used biocides against P. aeruginosa and to determine the prevalence of genes involved in biocide resistance. METHODS A total of 76 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa strains were used in the present study. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of four biocides, i.e. chlorhexidine digluconate, benzalkonium chloride, triclosan and formaldehyde, against P. aeruginosa strains were determined using agar dilution method. In addition, the prevalence of biocide resistance genes was determined using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. RESULTS In the present study, the highest MIC90 and MIC95 (epidemiological cut-off) values were observed for benzalkonium chloride (1024 μg/mL), followed by formaldehyde (512 μg/mL), triclosan (512 μg/mL) and chlorhexidine digluconate (64 μg/mL). Furthermore, the prevalence of qacEΔ1, qacE, qacG, fabV, cepA and fabI genes were 73.7% (n = 56), 26.3% (n = 20), 11.8% (n = 9), 84.2% (n = 64), 81.5% (n = 62) and 0% (n = 0), respectively. A significant association was observed between the presence of biocide resistance genes and MICs (p < 0.05). Furthermore, there was no significant association between the presence of biocide resistance genes and antibiotic resistance (p > 0.05), except for levofloxacin and norfloxacin antibiotics and qacE and qacG genes (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our results revealed that chlorhexidine digluconate is the most effective biocide against P. aeruginosa isolates in Ardabil hospitals. However, we recommend continuous monitoring of the antimicrobial activity of biocides and the prevalence of biocide-associated resistance genes for a better prevention of microorganism dissemination and infection control in hospitals.
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14
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Vella P, Rudraraju RS, Lundbäck T, Axelsson H, Almqvist H, Vallin M, Schneider G, Schnell R. A FabG inhibitor targeting an allosteric binding site inhibits several orthologs from Gram-negative ESKAPE pathogens. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 30:115898. [PMID: 33388594 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The spread of antibiotic resistance within the ESKAPE group of human pathogenic bacteria poses severe challenges in the treatment of infections and maintenance of safe hospital environments. This motivates efforts to validate novel target proteins within these species that could be pursued as potential targets for antibiotic development. Genetic data suggest that the enzyme FabG, which is part of the bacterial fatty acid biosynthetic system FAS-II, is essential in several ESKAPE pathogens. FabG catalyzes the NADPH dependent reduction of 3-keto-acyl-ACP during fatty acid elongation, thus enabling lipid supply for production and maintenance of the cell envelope. Here we report on small-molecule screening on the FabG enzymes from A. baumannii and S. typhimurium to identify a set of µM inhibitors, with the most potent representative (1) demonstrating activity against six FabG-orthologues. A co-crystal structure with FabG from A. baumannii (PDB:6T65) confirms inhibitor binding at an allosteric site located in the subunit interface, as previously demonstrated for other sub-µM inhibitors of FabG from P. aeruginosa. We show that inhibitor binding distorts the oligomerization interface in the FabG tetramer and displaces crucial residues involved in the interaction with the co-substrate NADPH. These observations suggest a conserved allosteric site across the FabG family, which can be potentially targeted for interference with fatty acid biosynthesis in clinically relevant ESKAPE pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Vella
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-17 165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Thomas Lundbäck
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna Axelsson
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Almqvist
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michaela Vallin
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunter Schneider
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-17 165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Schnell
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-17 165 Stockholm, Sweden.
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15
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Gray HK, Arora-Williams KK, Young C, Bouwer E, Davis MF, Preheim SP. Contribution of Time, Taxonomy, and Selective Antimicrobials to Antibiotic and Multidrug Resistance in Wastewater Bacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:15946-15957. [PMID: 33258596 PMCID: PMC8463082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of nontherapeutic broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents triclosan (TCS) and benzalkonium chloride (BC) can contribute to bacterial resistance to clinically relevant antibiotics. Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria within wastewater may reflect the resistance burden within the human microbiome, as antibiotics and pathogens in wastewater can track with clinically relevant parameters during perturbations to the community. In this study, we monitored culturable and resistant wastewater bacteria and cross-resistance to clinically relevant antibiotics to gauge the impact of each antimicrobial and identify factors influencing cross-resistance profiles. Bacteria resistant to TCS and BC were isolated from wastewater influent over 21 months, and cross-resistance, taxonomy, and monthly changes were characterized under both antimicrobial selection regimes. Cross-resistance profiles from each antimicrobial differed within and between taxa. BC-isolated bacteria had a significantly higher prevalence of resistance to "last-resort antibiotic" colistin, while isolates resistant to TCS exhibited higher rates of multidrug resistance. Prevalence of culturable TCS-resistant bacteria decreased over time following Food and Drug Administration (FDA) TCS bans. Cross-resistance patterns varied according to sampling date, including among the most clinically important antibiotics. Correlations between strain-specific resistance profiles were largely influenced by taxonomy, with some variations associated with sampling date. The results reveal that time, taxonomy, and selection by TCS and BC impact features of cross-resistance patterns among diverse wastewater microorganisms, which could reflect the variety of factors influencing resistance patterns relevant to a community microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah K Gray
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, 313 Ames Hall, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Keith K Arora-Williams
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, 313 Ames Hall, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Charles Young
- The Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, Maryland 20723, United States
| | - Edward Bouwer
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, 313 Ames Hall, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Meghan F Davis
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe Street, E7612, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Sarah P Preheim
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, 313 Ames Hall, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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16
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Targeting Acyl Homoserine Lactone (AHL) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Responsible for Biofilm Formation using Plant Metabolites. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.13.3.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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17
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Zhou G, Wang YS, Peng H, Shen PF, Xie XB, Shi QS. Functional roles ofnorCBinPseudomonas aeruginosaATCC 9027 under aerobic conditions. J Basic Microbiol 2019; 59:1154-1162. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201900267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhou
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology; Guangdong Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Ying-Si Wang
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology; Guangdong Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Hong Peng
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology; Guangdong Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Peng-Fei Shen
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology; Guangdong Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Xiao-Bao Xie
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology; Guangdong Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Qing-Shan Shi
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology; Guangdong Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Guangdong China
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18
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Zhou G, Peng H, Wang YS, Li CL, Shen PF, Huang XM, Xie XB, Shi QS. Biological functions of nirS in Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 under aerobic conditions. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 46:1757-1768. [PMID: 31512096 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-019-02232-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Through our previous study, we found an up-regulation in the expression of nitrite reductase (nirS) in the isothiazolone-resistant strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, the definitive molecular role of nirS in ascribing the resistance remained elusive. In the present study, the nirS gene was deleted from the chromosome of P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027 and the resulting phenotypic changes of ΔnirS were studied alongside the wild-type (WT) strain under aerobic conditions. The results demonstrated a decline in the formations of biofilms but not planktonic growth by ΔnirS as compared to WT, especially in the presence of benzisothiazolinone (BIT). Meanwhile, the deletion of nirS impaired swimming motility of P. aeruginosa under the stress of BIT. To assess the influence of nirS on the transcriptome of P. aeruginosa, RNA-seq experiments comparing the ΔnirS with WT were also performed. A total of 694 genes were found to be differentially expressed in ΔnirS, of which 192 were up-regulated, while 502 were down-regulated. In addition, these differently expressed genes were noted to significantly enrich the carbon metabolism along with glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolisms. Meanwhile, results from RT-PCR suggested the contribution of mexEF-oprN to the development of BIT resistance by ΔnirS. Further, c-di-GMP was less in ΔnirS than in WT, as revealed by HPLC. Taken together, our results confirm that nirS of P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027 plays a role in BIT resistance along with biofilm formation and further affects several metabolic patterns under aerobic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhou
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Peng
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Si Wang
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-Ling Li
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Fei Shen
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Mo Huang
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Bao Xie
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qing-Shan Shi
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Guo QQ, Zhang WB, Zhang C, Song YL, Liao YL, Ma JC, Yu YH, Wang HH. Characterization of 3-Oxacyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Reductase Homolog Genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1028. [PMID: 31231314 PMCID: PMC6558427 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase (OAR) catalyzes the 3-oxoacyl-ACP reduction step in the fatty acid synthesis pathway. At least 12 genes in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa genome are annotated as OAR-encoding genes. In this study, we characterized the functions of these genes with biochemical and genetic techniques. With the exception of PA2967, which encodes FabG, an essential protein in fatty acid synthesis, only the PA4389 and PA4786 gene products had OAR activity, and the single deletion of these two genes reduced the ability of P. aeruginosa to produce several specific quorum-sensing (QS) signals. However, PA4389 and PA4786 do not have key roles in fatty acid synthesis. Moreover, although most OAR homologs had no OAR activity, some may function in carbon utilization. The PA3128 product may play a role in the TCA cycle, and PA0182 and PA1470 seem to be required for the utilization of several amino acids. The rest of the OAR homologs have no roles in carbon utilization, but the deletion of one of these genes might affect the production of virulence factors by P. aeruginosa. We conclude that most OAR homolog genes do not encode OAR enzymes, and that these proteins do not function in fatty acid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Qiao Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Bin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Lu Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ling Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Cheng Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Hong Yu
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Hong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Fleitas Martínez O, Rigueiras PO, Pires ÁDS, Porto WF, Silva ON, de la Fuente-Nunez C, Franco OL. Interference With Quorum-Sensing Signal Biosynthesis as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy Against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 8:444. [PMID: 30805311 PMCID: PMC6371041 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Faced with the global health threat of increasing resistance to antibiotics, researchers are exploring interventions that target bacterial virulence factors. Quorum sensing is a particularly attractive target because several bacterial virulence factors are controlled by this mechanism. Furthermore, attacking the quorum-sensing signaling network is less likely to select for resistant strains than using conventional antibiotics. Strategies that focus on the inhibition of quorum-sensing signal production are especially attractive because the enzymes involved are expressed in bacterial cells but are not present in their mammalian counterparts. We review here various approaches that are being taken to interfere with quorum-sensing signal production via the inhibition of autoinducer-2 synthesis, PQS synthesis, peptide autoinducer synthesis, and N-acyl-homoserine lactone synthesis. We expect these approaches will lead to the discovery of new quorum-sensing inhibitors that can help to stem the tide of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osmel Fleitas Martínez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Pietra Orlandi Rigueiras
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Állan da Silva Pires
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - William Farias Porto
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil.,Porto Reports, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Osmar Nascimento Silva
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Synthetic Biology Group, MIT Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Biological Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States.,The Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Octavio Luiz Franco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil
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21
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Phandanouvong-Lozano V, Sun W, Sanders JM, Hay AG. Biochar does not attenuate triclosan's impact on soil bacterial communities. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 213:215-225. [PMID: 30223126 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial, has been widely used in pharmaceutical and personal care products. It undergoes limited degradation during wastewater treatment and is present in biosolids, most of which are land applied in the United States. This study assessed the impact of triclosan (0-100 mg kg-1) with and without biochar on soil bacterial communities. Very little 14C-triclosan was mineralized to 14CO2 (<7%) over the course of the study (42 days). While biochar (1%) significantly lowered mineralization of triclosan, analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that biochar impacted very few OTUs and did not alter the overall structure of the community. Triclosan, on the other hand, significantly affected bacterial diversity and community structure (alpha diversity, ANOVA, p < 0.001; beta diversity, AMOVA, p < 0.01). Dirichlet multinomial mixtures (DMM) modeling and complete linkage clustering (CLC) revealed a dose-dependent impact of triclosan. Non-Parametric Metastats (NPM) analysis showed that 150 of 734 OTUs from seven main phyla were significantly impacted by triclosan (adjusted p < 0.05). Genera harboring opportunistic pathogens such as Flavobacterium were enriched in the presence of triclosan, as was Stenotrophomonas. The latter has previously been implicated in triclosan degradation via stable isotope probing. Surprisingly, Sphingomonads, which include well-characterized triclosan degraders were negatively impacted by even low doses of triclosan. Analyses of published genomes showed that triclosan resistance determinants were rare in Sphingomonads which may explain why they were negatively impacted by triclosan in our soil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wen Sun
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Jennie M Sanders
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Anthony G Hay
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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22
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Zhou G, Wang YS, Peng H, Huang XM, Xie XB, Shi QS. Role of Ttca of Citrobacter Werkmanii in Bacterial Growth, Biocides Resistance, Biofilm Formation and Swimming Motility. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2644. [PMID: 30200616 PMCID: PMC6165289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
To screen, identify and study the genes involved in isothiazolone resistance and biofilm formation in Citrobacter werkmanii strain BF-6. A Tn5 transposon library of approximately 900 mutants of C. werkmanii strain BF-6 was generated and screened to isolate 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (BIT) resistant strains. In addition, the tRNA 2-thiocytidine (32) synthetase gene (ttcA) was deleted through homologous recombination and the resulting phenotypic changes of the ΔttcA mutant were studied. A total of 3 genes were successfully identified, among which ΔttcA mutant exhibited a reduction in growth rate and swimming motility. On the other hand, an increase in biofilms formation in ΔttcA were observed but not with a significant resistance enhancement to BIT. This work, for the first time, highlights the role of ttcA gene of C. werkmanii strain BF-6 in BIT resistance and biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhou
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510070, China.
| | - Ying-Si Wang
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510070, China.
| | - Hong Peng
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510070, China.
| | - Xiao-Mo Huang
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510070, China.
| | - Xiao-Bao Xie
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510070, China.
| | - Qing-Shan Shi
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510070, China.
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Wang J, Yu H, Zhu K. Employing metabolic engineered lipolytic microbial platform for 1-alkene one-step conversion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 263:172-179. [PMID: 29738980 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.04.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
1-Alkenes are traditionally used as basic chemicals with great importance. Biosynthetic 1-alkenes also have the potential to serve as biofuels. In this study, we engineered a Pseudomonas lipolytic microbial platform for 1-alkene production using hydrophobic substrate as sole carbon source. Fatty acid decarboxylase UndA and UndB were cloned and expressed, which successfully produced 1-alkenes. Optimal culturing temperature and the interruption of competitive pathway were proven to be beneficial to 1-alkene synthesis. Chromosomal integration of UndB conferred 177.8 mg/L 1-alkenes (mainly 1-undecene) in lauric acid medium and 128.9 mg/L 1-alkenes (mainly 1-pentadecene) in palm oil medium. Thioesterase expression, adjustments of fatty acid degradation pathway and a second copy of UndB improved 1-alkene titer to 1102.6 mg/L using lauric acid and 778.4 mg/L using palm oil. All in all, this study offers the first demonstration of lipolytic microbial 1-alkene producing platform with highest reported 1-alkene product titer up to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juli Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haiying Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Kun Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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24
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Ma JC, Wu YQ, Cao D, Zhang WB, Wang HH. Only Acyl Carrier Protein 1 (AcpP1) Functions in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Fatty Acid Synthesis. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2186. [PMID: 29176964 PMCID: PMC5686131 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The genome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa contains three open reading frames, PA2966, PA1869, and PA3334, which encode putative acyl carrier proteins, AcpP1, AcpP2, and AcpP3, respectively. In this study, we found that, although these apo-ACPs were successfully phosphopantetheinylated by P. aeruginosa phosphopantetheinyl transferase (PcpS) and all holo-forms of these proteins could be acylated by Vibrio harveyi acyl-ACP synthetase (AasS), only AcpP1 could be used as a substrate for the synthesis of fatty acids, catalyzed by P. aeruginosa cell free extracts in vitro, and only acpP1 gene could restore growth in the Escherichia coliacpP mutant strain CY1877. And P. aeruginosaacpP1 could not be deleted, while disruption of acpP2 or acpP3 in the P. aeruginosa genome allowed mutant strains to grow as well as the wild type strain. These findings confirmed that only P. aeruginosa AcpP1 functions in fatty acid biosynthesis, and that acpP2 and acpP3 do not play roles in the fatty acid synthetic pathway. Moreover, disruption of acpP2 and acpP3 did not affect the ability of P. aeruginosa to produce N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHL), but replacement of P. aeruginosaacpP1 with E. coliacpP caused P. aeruginosa to reduce the production of AHL molecules, which indicated that neither P. aeruginosa AcpP2 nor AcpP3 can act as a substrate for synthesis of AHL molecules in vivo. Furthermore, replacement of acpP1 with E. coliacpP reduced the ability of P. aeruginosa to produce some exo-products and abolished swarming motility in P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Cheng Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Qi Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Dan Cao
- Forensic Science Center of Qingyuan, Qingyuan Public Security Department, Qingyuan, China
| | - Wen-Bin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Hong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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