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Gain G, Berne N, Feller T, Godaux D, Cenci U, Cardol P. Induction of photosynthesis under anoxic condition in Thalassiosira pseudonana and Euglena gracilis: interactions between fermentation and photosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1186926. [PMID: 37560033 PMCID: PMC10407231 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1186926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In their natural environment, microalgae can be transiently exposed to hypoxic or anoxic environments. Whereas fermentative pathways and their interactions with photosynthesis are relatively well characterized in the green alga model Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, little information is available in other groups of photosynthetic micro-eukaryotes. In C. reinhardtii cyclic electron flow (CEF) around photosystem (PS) I, and light-dependent oxygen-sensitive hydrogenase activity both contribute to restoring photosynthetic linear electron flow (LEF) in anoxic conditions. METHODS Here we analyzed photosynthetic electron transfer after incubation in dark anoxic conditions (up to 24 h) in two secondary microalgae: the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana and the excavate Euglena gracilis. RESULTS Both species showed sustained abilities to prevent over-reduction of photosynthetic electron carriers and to restore LEF. A high and transient CEF around PSI was also observed specifically in anoxic conditions at light onset in both species. In contrast, at variance with C. reinhardtii, no sustained hydrogenase activity was detected in anoxic conditions in both species. DISCUSSION Altogether our results suggest that another fermentative pathway might contribute, along with CEF around PSI, to restore photosynthetic activity in anoxic conditions in E. gracilis and T. pseudonana. We discuss the possible implication of the dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) in T. pseudonana and the wax ester fermentation in E. gracilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenaëlle Gain
- InBioS – PhytoSYSTEMS, Laboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des Microalgues, ULiège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Berne
- InBioS – PhytoSYSTEMS, Laboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des Microalgues, ULiège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Tom Feller
- InBioS – PhytoSYSTEMS, Laboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des Microalgues, ULiège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Damien Godaux
- InBioS – PhytoSYSTEMS, Laboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des Microalgues, ULiège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Ugo Cenci
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR8576 – UGSF, Lille, France
| | - Pierre Cardol
- InBioS – PhytoSYSTEMS, Laboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des Microalgues, ULiège, Liège, Belgium
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Kim S, Im H, Yu J, Kim K, Kim M, Lee T. Biofuel production from Euglena: Current status and techno-economic perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 371:128582. [PMID: 36610485 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) can contribute reduce greenhouse gas emissions compared to conventional fuel. With the increasing SAFs demand, various generations of resources have been shifted from the 1st generation (oil crops), the 2nd generation (agricultural waste), to the 3rd generation (microalgae). Microalgae are the most suitable feedstock for jet biofuel production than other resources because of their productivity and capability to capture carbon dioxide. However, microalgae-based biofuel has a limitation of high freezing point. Recently, a jet biofuel derived from Euglena wax ester has been paying attention due to its low freezing point. Challenges still remain to enhance production yields in both upstream and downstream processes. Studies on downstream processes as well as techno-economic analysis on biofuel production using Euglena are highly limited to date. Economic aspects for the biofuel production will be ensured via valorization of industrial byproducts such as food wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunah Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungjoon Im
- Institute for Environment and Energy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaecheul Yu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Institute for Environment and Energy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunho Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjeong Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Alfaro-Sayes DA, Amoah J, Aikawa S, Matsuda M, Hasunuma T, Kondo A, Ogino C. Alginate immobilization as a strategy for improving succinate production during autofermentation using cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wu M, Wu G, Lu F, Wang H, Lei A, Wang J. Microalgal photoautotrophic growth induces pH decrease in the aquatic environment by acidic metabolites secretion. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:115. [PMID: 36289523 PMCID: PMC9608927 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02212-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalgae can absorb CO2 during photosynthesis, which causes the aquatic environmental pH to rise. However, the pH is reduced when microalga Euglena gracilis (EG) is cultivated under photoautotrophic conditions. The mechanism behind this unique phenomenon is not yet elucidated. RESULTS The present study evaluated the growth of EG, compared to Chlorella vulgaris (CV), as the control group; analyzed the dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the aquatic environment; finally revealed the mechanism of the decrease in the aquatic environmental pH via comparative metabolomics analysis. Although the CV cell density was 28.3-fold that of EG, the secreted-DOM content from EG cell was 49.8-fold that of CV (p-value < 0.001). The main component of EG's DOM was rich in humic acids, which contained more DOM composed of chemical bonds such as N-H, O-H, C-H, C=O, C-O-C, and C-OH than that of CV. Essentially, the 24 candidate biomarkers metabolites secreted by EG into the aquatic environment were acidic substances, mainly lipids and lipid-like molecules, organoheterocyclic compounds, organic acids, and derivatives. Moreover, six potential critical secreted-metabolic pathways were identified. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that EG secreted acidic metabolites, resulting in decreased aquatic environmental pH. This study provides novel insights into a new understanding of the ecological niche of EG and the rule of pH change in the microalgae aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcan Wu
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China ,grid.428986.90000 0001 0373 6302State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Oceanology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228 China
| | - Guimei Wu
- grid.428986.90000 0001 0373 6302State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Oceanology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228 China
| | - Feimiao Lu
- grid.428986.90000 0001 0373 6302State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Oceanology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228 China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Anping Lei
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Jiangxin Wang
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
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Chen Z, Zhu J, Du M, Chen Z, Liu Q, Zhu H, Lei A, Wang J. A Synthetic Biology Perspective on the Bioengineering Tools for an Industrial Microalga: Euglena gracilis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:882391. [PMID: 35464731 PMCID: PMC9020809 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.882391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Euglena is a genus of single-celled eukaryotes that show both plant- and animal-like characteristics. Euglena gracilis, a model species, is of great academic interest for studying endosymbiosis and chloroplast development. As an industrial species, E. gracilis is also of primary biotechnological and economic importance as high value-added food, medicine, and cosmetic and high-quality feedstock for jet-fuel production because of its cells containing many high-value products, such as vitamins, amino acids, pigments, unsaturated fatty acids, and carbohydrate paramylon, as metabolites. For more than half a century, E. gracilis has been used as an industrial biotechnology platform for fundamental biology research, mainly exploring relevant physiological and biochemical method studies. Although many researchers focused on genetic engineering tools for E. gracilis in recent years, little progress has been achieved because of the lack of high-quality genome information and efficient techniques for genetic operation. This article reviewed the progress of the genetic transformation of E. gracilis, including methods for the delivery of exogenous materials and other advanced biotechnological tools for E. gracilis, such as CRISPR and RNA interference. We hope to provide a reference to improve the research in functional genomics and synthetic biology of Euglena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfan Chen
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiayi Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ming Du
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zixi Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, China
| | - Anping Lei
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiangxin Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Jiangxin Wang,
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Ogawa T, Nakamoto M, Tanaka Y, Sato K, Okazawa A, Kanaya S, Ohta D. Exploration and characterization of chemical stimulators to maximize the wax ester production by Euglena gracilis. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 133:243-249. [PMID: 34952786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Euglena gracilis, a phototrophic protist, is a valuable biomass producer that is often employed in sustainable development efforts. E. gracilis accumulates wax esters as byproducts during anaerobic ATP production via the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle, utilizing the storage carbohydrate β-1,3-glucan paramylon as the carbon source. Here, we report a library screening for chemical stimulators that accelerate both wax ester production and paramylon consumption. Among the 115 compounds tested, we identified nine compounds that increased wax ester production by more than 2.0-fold relative to the solvent control. In the presence of these nine compounds, the paramylon content decreased compared with the control experiment, and the residual paramylon content varied between 7% and 26% of the initial level. The most active compound, 1,4-diaminoanthracene-9,10-dione (OATQ008), stimulated wax ester production up to 2.7-fold within 24 h, and 93% of the cellular paramylon was consumed. In terms of the structural features of the chemical stimulators, we discuss the potential target sites to stimulate wax ester production in mitochondria under anaerobic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Ogawa
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nakamoto
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan; Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sato
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Atsushi Okazawa
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Shigehiko Kanaya
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Daisaku Ohta
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan; Center for the 21st Century, Research Institute for Bioeconomy, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan.
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Effect of pH on metabolite excretion and cell morphology of Euglena gracilis under dark, anaerobic conditions. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Harada R, Nomura T, Yamada K, Mochida K, Suzuki K. Genetic Engineering Strategies for Euglena gracilis and Its Industrial Contribution to Sustainable Development Goals: A Review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:790. [PMID: 32760709 PMCID: PMC7371780 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The sustainable development goals (SDGs) adopted at the 2015 United Nations Summit are globally applicable goals designed to help countries realize a sustainable future. To achieve these SDGs, it is necessary to utilize renewable biological resources. In recent years, bioeconomy has been an attractive concept for achieving the SDGs. Microalgae are one of the biological resources that show promise in realizing the "5F"s (food, fiber, feed, fertilizer, and fuel). Among the microalgae, Euglena gracilis has the potential for achieving the "5F"s strategy owing to its unique features, such as production of paramylon, that are lacking in other microalgae. E. gracilis has already been produced on an industrial scale for use as an ingredient in functional foods and cosmetics. In recent years, genetic engineering methods for breeding E. gracilis have been researched and developed to achieve higher yields. In this article, we summarize how microalgae contribute toward achieving the SDGs. We focus on the contribution of E. gracilis to the bioeconomy, including its advantages in industrial use as well as its unique characteristics. In addition, we review genetic engineering-related research trends centered on E. gracilis, including a complete nuclear genome determination project, genome editing technology using the CRISPR-Cas9 system, and the development of a screening method for selecting useful strains. In particular, genome editing in E. gracilis could be a breakthrough for molecular breeding of industrially useful strains because of its high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Harada
- RIKEN Baton Zone Program, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Nomura
- RIKEN Baton Zone Program, Yokohama, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Koji Yamada
- RIKEN Baton Zone Program, Yokohama, Japan
- Euglena Co Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Mochida
- RIKEN Baton Zone Program, Yokohama, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kengo Suzuki
- RIKEN Baton Zone Program, Yokohama, Japan
- Euglena Co Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
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Tamaki S, Nishino K, Ogawa T, Maruta T, Sawa Y, Arakawa K, Ishikawa T. Comparative proteomic analysis of mitochondria isolated from Euglena gracilis under aerobic and hypoxic conditions. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0227226. [PMID: 31891638 PMCID: PMC6938325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The unicellular microalga Euglena gracilis produces wax esters for ATP acquisition under low-oxygen conditions. The regulatory mechanism of wax ester production is not yet understood. Indeed, our previous transcriptomic analysis showed that transcript levels of genes involved in the wax ester synthesis hardly changed under hypoxic conditions, suggesting contribution of post-transcriptional regulation. In this study, we conducted a proteome analysis of E. gracilis mitochondria, as this organelle employs the fatty-acid synthesis pathway under hypoxic conditions. Mitochondria were isolated from E. gracilis SM-ZK strain treated with both aerobic and hypoxic conditions and used for shotgun proteomic analysis. Three independent proteomic analyses succeeded in identifying a total of 714 non-redundant proteins. Of these, 229 were detected in common to all experiments, and 116 were significantly recognized as differentially expressed proteins. GO enrichment analysis suggested dynamic changes in mitochondrial metabolic pathways and redox reactions under aerobic and hypoxic conditions. Protein levels of bifunctional enzymes isocitrate lyase and malate synthase in glyoxylate cycle were 1.35-fold higher under hypoxic conditions. Abundances of the propionyl-CoA synthetic enzymes, succinyl-CoA synthetase and propionyl-CoA carboxylase, were also 1.35- and 1.47-fold higher, respectively, under hypoxic conditions. Protein levels of pyruvate:NADP+ oxidoreductase, a key enzyme for anaerobic synthesis of acetyl-CoA, which serves as a C2 donor for fatty acids, showed a 1.68-fold increase under hypoxic conditions, whereas those of pyruvate dehydrogenase subunits showed a 0.77–0.81-fold decrease. Protein levels of the fatty-acid synthesis enzymes, 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase isoforms (KAT1 and KAT2), 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenases, and acyl-CoA dehydrogenase were up-regulated by 1.20- to 1.42-fold in response to hypoxic treatment. Overall, our proteomic analysis revealed that wax ester synthesis-related enzymes are up-regulated at the protein level post-transcriptionally to promote wax ester production in E. gracilis under low-oxygen conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Tamaki
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Nishino
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahisa Ogawa
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Maruta
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sawa
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, Japan
| | - Kazuharu Arakawa
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
- Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishikawa
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Yamada K, Nitta T, Atsuji K, Shiroyama M, Inoue K, Higuchi C, Nitta N, Oshiro S, Mochida K, Iwata O, Ohtsu I, Suzuki K. Characterization of sulfur-compound metabolism underlying wax-ester fermentation in Euglena gracilis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:853. [PMID: 30696857 PMCID: PMC6351624 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36600-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Euglena gracilis is a microalga, which has been used as a model organism for decades. Recent technological advances have enabled mass cultivation of this species for industrial applications such as feedstock in nutritional foods and cosmetics. E. gracilis degrades its storage polysaccharide (paramylon) under hypoxic conditions for energy acquisition by an oxygen-independent process and accumulates high amount of wax-ester as a by-product. Using this sequence of reactions referred to as wax-ester fermentation, E. gracilis is studied for its application in biofuel production. Although the wax-ester production pathway is well characterized, little is known regarding the biochemical reactions underlying the main metabolic route, especially, the existence of an unknown sulfur-compound metabolism implied by the nasty odor generation accompanying the wax-ester fermentation. In this study, we show sulfur-metabolomics of E. gracilis in aerobic and hypoxic conditions, to reveal the biochemical reactions that occur during wax-ester synthesis. Our results helped us in identifying hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as the nasty odor-producing component in wax-ester fermentation. In addition, the results indicate that glutathione and protein degrades during hypoxia, whereas cysteine, methionine, and their metabolites increase in the cells. This indicates that this shift of abundance in sulfur compounds is the cause of H2S synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Yamada
- euglena Co., Ltd., Tokyo, 108-0014, Japan
- Microalgae Production Control Technology Laboratory, RIKEN, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | | | - Kohei Atsuji
- euglena Co., Ltd., Tokyo, 108-0014, Japan
- Microalgae Production Control Technology Laboratory, RIKEN, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Maeka Shiroyama
- Innovation Medical Research Institute, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Komaki Inoue
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | | | | | - Satoshi Oshiro
- Innovation Medical Research Institute, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, Okinawa, 905-2192, Japan
| | - Keiichi Mochida
- Microalgae Production Control Technology Laboratory, RIKEN, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, 244-0813, Japan
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Osamu Iwata
- euglena Co., Ltd., Tokyo, 108-0014, Japan
- Microalgae Production Control Technology Laboratory, RIKEN, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Iwao Ohtsu
- euglena Co., Ltd., Tokyo, 108-0014, Japan
- Innovation Medical Research Institute, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Kengo Suzuki
- euglena Co., Ltd., Tokyo, 108-0014, Japan.
- Microalgae Production Control Technology Laboratory, RIKEN, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
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Tomita Y, Takeya M, Suzuki K, Nitta N, Higuchi C, Marukawa-Hashimoto Y, Osanai T. Amino acid excretion from Euglena gracilis cells in dark and anaerobic conditions. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kottuparambil S, Thankamony RL, Agusti S. Euglena as a potential natural source of value-added metabolites. A review. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Improved laminaribiose phosphorylase production by Euglena gracilis in a bioreactor: A comparative study of different cultivation methods. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-016-0649-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Nakazawa M, Hayashi R, Takenaka S, Inui H, Ishikawa T, Ueda M, Sakamoto T, Nakano Y, Miyatake K. Physiological functions of pyruvate:NADP + oxidoreductase and 2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase in Euglena gracilis under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:1386-1393. [PMID: 28463550 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1318696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In Euglena gracilis, pyruvate:NADP+ oxidoreductase, in addition to the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, functions for the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate in the mitochondria. Furthermore, the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex is absent, and instead 2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase is found in the mitochondria. To elucidate the central carbon and energy metabolisms in Euglena under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, physiological significances of these enzymes involved in 2-oxoacid metabolism were examined by gene silencing experiments. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex was indispensable for aerobic cell growth in a glucose medium, although its activity was less than 1% of that of pyruvate:NADP+ oxidoreductase. In contrast, pyruvate:NADP+ oxidoreductase was only involved in the anaerobic energy metabolism (wax ester fermentation). Aerobic cell growth was almost completely suppressed when the 2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase gene was silenced, suggesting that the tricarboxylic acid cycle is modified in Euglena and 2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase takes the place of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex in the aerobic respiratory metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Nakazawa
- a Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Osaka Prefecture University , Sakai , Japan.,b Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) , Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) , Kawaguchi , Japan
| | - Ryuta Hayashi
- a Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Osaka Prefecture University , Sakai , Japan
| | - Shigeo Takenaka
- c Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Osaka Prefecture University , Izumisano , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Inui
- b Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) , Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) , Kawaguchi , Japan.,d Department of Nutrition, College of Health and Human Sciences , Osaka Prefecture University , Habikino , Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishikawa
- b Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) , Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) , Kawaguchi , Japan.,e Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology , Shimane University , Matsue , Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Ueda
- a Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Osaka Prefecture University , Sakai , Japan
| | - Tatsuji Sakamoto
- a Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Osaka Prefecture University , Sakai , Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Nakano
- a Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Osaka Prefecture University , Sakai , Japan
| | - Kazutaka Miyatake
- f Faculty of Human and Cultural Studies, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences , Tezukayama Gakuin University , Sakai , Japan
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