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Dikbaş N, Orman YC, Alım Ş, Uçar S, Tülek A. Evaluating Enterococcus faecium9 N-2 as a probiotic candidate from traditional village white cheese. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:1847-1856. [PMID: 38455208 PMCID: PMC10916548 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, various functional and probiotic attributes of the Enterococcus faecium 9 N-2 strain isolated from village-style white cheese were characterized, while also assessing its safety. To achieve this, we conducted an in vitro analysis of several key probiotic properties exhibited by the 9 N-2 strain. Notably, this strain demonstrated robust resilience to low pH, high bile salt concentrations, lysozyme, pepsin, pancreatin, and phenol. Furthermore, this strain displayed exceptional auto-aggregation capabilities and moderate co-aggregation tendencies when interacting with Escherichia coli. The cell-free supernatant derived from strain 9 N-2 exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogens. The strain exhibited resistance to gentamicin, meropenem, and bacitracin, while remaining susceptible to vancomycin and various other antibiotics. Furthermore, it was found that E. faecium 9 N-2 possessed the capacity to produce the phytase enzyme. When all the results of this study are evaluated, it is thought that 9 N-2 strain has superior probiotic properties, and therefore it can be used as probiotic in food, medicine, and animal feed in the future. In addition, further in vivo tests should be performed to fully understand its effects and mechanisms of action and to confirm its safety and probiotic effects. Further research and clinical trials are also needed to identify new strains with potential probiotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neslihan Dikbaş
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural FacultyAtaturk UniversityErzurumTurkey
| | - Yusuf Can Orman
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural FacultyAtaturk UniversityErzurumTurkey
| | - Şeyma Alım
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural FacultyAtaturk UniversityErzurumTurkey
| | - Sevda Uçar
- Department of Herbal Production and Technologies, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and TechnologySivas Science and Technology UniversitySivasTurkey
| | - Ahmet Tülek
- Department of Bioengineering and SciencesIğdır UniversityIğdırTurkey
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2
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Tchamani Piame L, Kaktcham PM, Foko Kouam EM, Fotso Techeu UD, Ngouénam RJ, Zambou Ngoufack F. Technological characterisation and probiotic traits of yeasts isolated from Sha'a, a Cameroonian maize-based traditional fermented beverage. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10850. [PMID: 36247120 PMCID: PMC9557902 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The current trend in starter selection is to combine both technological and probiotic properties to standardise and make functional artisanal fermented beverages such as Sha'a whose properties are very variable due to the lack of a known starter. The objective of this work was to study technological and probiotic properties of yeasts isolated from Sha'a sold in Bamenda, Bafoussam, Bonabérie, Dschang, Foumbot, Mbouda and Njombé (Cameroon). The isolated yeasts were studied for their ability to produce CO2 from glucose, to grow in the presence of 8% ethanol, 20% glucose and pH 3, to assimilate maltose and to produce ethanol. Then, the survival of the pre-selected isolates was assessed in simulated gastric (pH 2 and 3) and intestinal juices, followed by self-aggregation, co-aggregation, hydrophobicity, haemolysin, gelatinase, biogenic amine production, antibiotic and antifungal susceptibility, bile salt hydrolase and antiradical activity. The selected isolates were identified by sequencing the 5.8S/28S rRNA gene. From the 98 isolates obtained, 66 produced CO2 from glucose and 16 were then selected for their ability to grow in the presence of 8% ethanol, 20% glucose, pH 3 and maltose. The overall survival of isolates ranged from 4.12 ± 1.63 to 104.25 ± 0.19% (LT16) and from 0.56 ± 0.20 to 96.74 ± 1.60% (LT66) at pH 3 and pH 2 respectively. All of them have remarkable surface hydrophobicity properties. Based on principal component analysis, 5 isolates were selected as the best. However, only 3 of them, LT16 (the most promising), LT25 identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and LT80 as Nakaseomyces delphensis, do not produce a virulence factor. The latter can deconjugate bile salts with a maximum percentage of 60.54 ± 0.12% (LT16) and the highest inhibition of DPPH° radicals was 55.94 ± 1.14% (LT25). In summary, the yeast flora of Sha'a contains yeasts capable of fermenting and producing ethanol while producing bioactive compounds that would benefit the consumer.
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Li L, Liu T, Gu Y, Wang X, Xie R, Sun Y, Wang B, Cao H. Regulation of gut microbiota-bile acids axis by probiotics in inflammatory bowel disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:974305. [PMID: 36211363 PMCID: PMC9539765 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.974305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic and relapsing inflammation of gastrointestinal tract, with steadily increased incidence and prevalence worldwide. Although the precise pathogenesis remains unclear, gut microbiota, bile acids (BAs), and aberrant immune response play essential roles in the development of IBD. Lately, gut dysbiosis including certain decreased beneficial bacteria and increased pathogens and aberrant BAs metabolism have been reported in IBD. The bacteria inhabited in human gut have critical functions in BA biotransformation. Patients with active IBD have elevated primary and conjugated BAs and decreased secondary BAs, accompanied by the impaired transformation activities (mainly deconjugation and 7α-dehydroxylation) of gut microbiota. Probiotics have exhibited certain positive effects by different mechanisms in the therapy of IBD. This review discussed the effectiveness of probiotics in certain clinical and animal model studies that might involve in gut microbiota-BAs axis. More importantly, the possible mechanisms of probiotics on regulating gut microbiota-BAs axis in IBD were elucidated, which we focused on the elevated gut bacteria containing bile salt hydrolase or BA-inducible enzymes at genus/species level that might participate in the BA biotransformation. Furthermore, beneficial effects exerted by activation of BA-activated receptors on intestinal immunity were also summarized, which might partially explain the protect effects and mechanisms of probiotics on IBD. Therefore, this review will provide new insights into a better understanding of probiotics in the therapy targeting gut microbiota-BAs axis of IBD.
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Yadav M, Sunita, Shukla P. Probiotic potential of Weissella paramesenteroides MYPS5.1 isolated from customary dairy products and its therapeutic application. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:9. [PMID: 34956812 PMCID: PMC8651860 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03074-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are viable microorganisms that confer general health benefits to the host when consumed in an adequate concentration. Probiotics may also possess strain-specific therapeutic properties and therefore finding novel strains with probiotic properties is becoming increasingly important. The present study has focused on the isolation of probiotic bacteria from dairy products which possessed potential therapeutic properties. Of the 79 strains isolated, eight were selected for further studies based on a number of traits including biofilm formation, deoxyribonuclease (DNase) activity, agglutination activity, auto-aggregation activity, antibiotic resistance, and antagonistic activity. Strain MYPS5.1 was selected from the eight isolates as the best potential probiotic candidate strain and was subsequently identified as Weissella paramesenteroides by 16S rDNA gene sequencing and sequence analysis. W. paramesenteroides strain MYPS5.1 was resistant to a number of antibiotics and the strain produced a high concentration of exopolysaccharide (EPS) (380.42 mg/L). The functional groups C-H, C = C, N = N, N-H, and C-O in the EPS were identified by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Computational studies showed that it interacted with cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK), a molecule which is thought to play a role in cancer pathogenesis (REF). Collectively, these results suggest that Weissella paramesenteroides MYPS5.1 is a potential probiotic strain with potential therapeutic properties. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-03074-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Yadav
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001 Haryana India
| | - Sunita
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001 Haryana India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001 Haryana India ,Present Address: School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
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5
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Khangwal I, Skariyachan S, Uttarkar A, Muddebihalkar AG, Niranjan V, Shukla P. Understanding the Xylooligosaccharides Utilization Mechanism of Lactobacillus brevis and Bifidobacterium adolescentis: Proteins Involved and Their Conformational Stabilities for Effectual Binding. Mol Biotechnol 2021; 64:75-89. [PMID: 34542815 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-021-00392-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Xylooligosaccharides having various degrees of polymerization such as xylobiose, xylotriose, and xylotetraose positively affect human health by interacting with gut proteins. The present study aimed to identify proteins present in gut microflora, such as xylosidase, xylulokinase, etc., with the help of retrieved whole-genome annotations and find out the mechanistic interactions of those with the above substrates. The 3D structures of proteins, namely Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase B (XynB) from Lactobacillus brevis and beta-D-xylosidase (Xyl3) from Bifidobacterium adolescentis, were computationally predicted and validated with the help of various bioinformatics tools. Molecular docking studies identified the effectual binding of these proteins to the xylooligosaccharides, and the stabilities of the best-docked complexes were analyzed by molecular dynamic simulation. The present study demonstrated that XynB and Xyl3 showed better effectual binding toward Xylobiose with the binding energies of - 5.96 kcal/mol and - 4.2 kcal/mol, respectively. The interactions were stabilized by several hydrogen bonding having desolvation energy (- 6.59 and - 7.91). The conformational stabilities of the docked complexes were observed in the four selected complexes of XynB-xylotriose, XynB-xylotetraose, Xyl3-xylobiose, and Xyn3-xylotriose by MD simulations. This study showed that the interactions of these four complexes are stable, which means they have complex metabolic activities among each other. Extending these studies of understanding, the interaction between specific probiotics enzymes and their ligands can explore the detailed design of synbiotics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishu Khangwal
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Sinosh Skariyachan
- Department of Microbiology, St. Pius X College, Rajapuram, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| | - Akshay Uttarkar
- Department of Biotechnology, RV College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Vidya Niranjan
- Department of Biotechnology, RV College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India.
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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6
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Bile Salt Hydrolases: At the Crossroads of Microbiota and Human Health. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061122. [PMID: 34067328 PMCID: PMC8224655 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has been increasingly linked to metabolic health and disease over the last few decades. Several factors have been suggested to be involved in lipid metabolism and metabolic responses. One mediator that has gained great interest as a clinically important enzyme is bile salt hydrolase (BSH). BSH enzymes are widely distributed in human gastrointestinal microbial communities and are believed to play key roles in both microbial and host physiology. In this review, we discuss the current evidence related to the role of BSHs in health and provide useful insights that may pave the way for new therapeutic targets in human diseases.
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Huang CH, Ho CY, Chen CT, Hsu HF, Lin YH. Probiotic BSH Activity and Anti-Obesity Potential of Lactobacillus plantarum Strain TCI378 Isolated from Korean Kimchi. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2019; 24:434-441. [PMID: 31915639 PMCID: PMC6941724 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2019.24.4.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus (Lab.) is a human probiotic beneficial for the prevention and improvement of disease, yet properties of different Lab. strains are diverse. To obtain a Lab. strain that possesses greater potential against gastrointestinal dysfunction, we isolated Lactobacillus plantarum TCI378 (TCI378) from naturally fermented Korean kimchi. TCI378 has shown potential as probiotic since it can survive at pH 3.0 and in the presence of 0.3% bile acid. The bile salt hydrolase activity of TCI378 was shown by formation of opaque granular white colonies on solid de Man Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) medium supplemented with taurodeoxycholic acid, and its cholesterol-lowering ability in MRS medium supplemented with cholesterol. The metabolites of TCI378 from liquid culture in MRS medium prevented emulsification of bile salts. Moreover, both the metabolites of TCI378 and the dead bacteria reduced oil droplet accumulation in 3T3-L1, as detected by Oil red O staining. The expressions of adipocyte-specific genes perilipin 1 and glucose transporter type 4 were suppressed by the metabolites of TCI378, indicating TCI378 may have anti-obesity effects in adipocytes. These in vitro data show the potential of the prophylactic applications of TCI378 and its metabolites for reducing fat and lowering cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Han Huang
- TCI Research and Design Center, TCI Co., Ltd., Taipei 11494, Taiwan- Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Yu Ho
- TCI Research and Design Center, TCI Co., Ltd., Taipei 11494, Taiwan- Republic of China
| | - Ciao-Ting Chen
- TCI Research and Design Center, TCI Co., Ltd., Taipei 11494, Taiwan- Republic of China
| | - Hsin-Fen Hsu
- TCI Research and Design Center, TCI Co., Ltd., Taipei 11494, Taiwan- Republic of China
| | - Yung-Hsiang Lin
- TCI Research and Design Center, TCI Co., Ltd., Taipei 11494, Taiwan- Republic of China
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8
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Yadav M, Mandeep, Shukla P. Probiotics of Diverse Origin and Their Therapeutic Applications: A Review. J Am Coll Nutr 2019; 39:469-479. [PMID: 31765283 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2019.1691957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The increased awareness about the harmful effects of excessive use of antibiotics has created an interest in probiotics due to its beneficial effects on gut microbiota. These advantages of probiotics have attracted researchers to find out effects on human metabolism and their role in the treatment of diverse types of diseases or disorders. Additionally, they are clinically used as biocontrol agents in the treatment of mental disorders, anticancer agents and in decreasing the threat of necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants. In this review, we have focused on various kinds of probiotics and various nondairy substrates for their production. We have also included the importance of probiotics in the treatment of metabolic disorders, type II diabetes and infectious diseases. Furthermore, this review emphasizes applications of probiotics originated from different organisms. Their future health perspectives are discussed to gain insight into their applications.KEY TEACHING POINTSThe global market of probiotics is enormously rising day by day due to its highly beneficial effect on human microbiota.Additionally, these are used as biocontrol agents; mental disorders prevent cancer and decrease the threat of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in premature infants.This review focuses on various kinds of sources of probiotics and various non-dairy substrates for the production of probiotics.The importance of probiotics in the treatment of metabolic disorders, type II diabetes control, cancer and treatment of infectious diseases are also described.It emphasizes diversified probiotics and their applications in various human health aspects and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Yadav
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Mandeep
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Tseng YH, Hsieh CC, Kuo TY, Liu JR, Hsu TY, Hsieh SC. Construction of a Lactobacillus plantarum Strain Expressing the Capsid Protein of Porcine Circovirus Type 2d (PCV2d) as an Oral Vaccine. Indian J Microbiol 2019; 59:490-499. [PMID: 31762513 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-019-00827-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is a pathogenic virus that causes high rates of porcine death, resulting in severe economic losses to the swine industry. In recent years, the prevalence of PCV2d genotype infection in pigs has increased, but most commercially available vaccines were developed against the PCV2a strain and do not ensure complete protection from PCV2d. Here, we first constructed an expression vector for the antigenic ORF2-encoded capsid protein of PCV2d (pLp3050-His6-tag-capsid). We then utilized Lactobacillus plantarum to express the protein at mucosal sites in orally vaccinated mice. After transducing L. plantarum with pLp3050-His6-tag-capsid, the expressed protein could be found in cell wall and cell-free supernatant fractions by Western blotting. Using flow cytometry, we found that L. plantarum cells with surface-displayed capsid protein increased with time after SppIP induction. Finally, mice that were orally immunized 18 times with capsid-expressing L. plantarum showed increased levels of capsid-specific sIgA and virus neutralizing activity at mucosal sites, suggesting mucosal immunity had been stimulated by the vaccine. Overall, our findings demonstrate the feasibility and utility of a PCV2d-based vaccine, which may be of great value in porcine agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Han Tseng
- 1Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1. Section 4 Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Chu Hsieh
- 2Biologics Division, Animal Health Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, New Taipei City, 25158 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsun-Yung Kuo
- 3Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan City, 26047 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Je-Ruei Liu
- 4Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, No. 1. Section 4 Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ting-Yu Hsu
- 5Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shu-Chen Hsieh
- 1Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1. Section 4 Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, ROC
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Khangwal I, Shukla P. Potential prebiotics and their transmission mechanisms: Recent approaches. J Food Drug Anal 2019; 27:649-656. [PMID: 31324281 PMCID: PMC9307030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prebiotics are non-digestible carbohydrates which can be used as prime source of energy for gut microflora. These can be naturally occurring in fruit and vegetables or can be made synthetically by enzymatic digestions. New versatile sources of prebiotics had been found nowadays for economic commercialization. This review will decipher on highlighting the importance of prebiotics in immunomodulation and nutrient absorption abilities of gut, as it is important for the anti-effective capacity of the organism especially in the neonatal period. Moreover, new prebiotics transmission strategies with higher penetrating capacity such as microencapsulation and immobilization have been discussed. In addition to this, literature had shown the modulation of gut microflora by the continuous use of prebiotics in many disorders so here, the role of prebiotics in health-related issues such as diabetes and inflammatory bowel disease (IBS) have been explained.
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Golonka R, Yeoh BS, Vijay-Kumar M. Dietary Additives and Supplements Revisited: The Fewer, the Safer for Liver and Gut Health. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 5:303-316. [PMID: 32864300 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-019-00187-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review The supplementation of dietary additives into processed foods has exponentially increased in the past few decades. Similarly, the incidence rates of various diseases, including metabolic syndrome, gut dysbiosis and hepatocarcinogenesis, have been elevating. Current research reveals that there is a positive association between food additives and these pathophysiological diseases. This review highlights the research published within the past 5 years that elucidate and update the effects of dietary supplements on liver and intestinal health. Recent Findings Some of the key findings include: enterocyte dysfunction of fructose clearance causes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); non-caloric sweeteners are hepatotoxic; dietary emulsifiers instigate gut dysbiosis and hepatocarcinogenesis; and certain prebiotics can induce cholestatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in gut dysbiotic mice. Overall, multiple reports suggest that the administration of purified, dietary supplements could cause functional damage to both the liver and gut. Summary The extraction of bioactive components from natural resources was considered a brilliant method to modulate human health. However, current research highlights that such purified components may negatively affect individuals with microbiotal dysbiosis, resulting in a deeper break of the symbiotic relationship between the host and gut microbiota, which can lead to repercussions on gut and liver health. Therefore, ingestion of these dietary additives should not go without some caution!
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Golonka
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Beng San Yeoh
- Graduate Program in Immunology & Infectious Disease, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.,Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
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12
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Khangwal I, Shukla P. Prospecting prebiotics, innovative evaluation methods, and their health applications: a review. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:187. [PMID: 31065487 PMCID: PMC6485268 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1716-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prebiotics are necessary natural and synthetic food ingredients that help in the growth and development of gut microflora. There is a complex relationship between gut dysbiosis and microbes, so alteration in both probiotics and prebiotics can reduce illness of gut, which further plays a decisive role in human health. The prebiotic efficiency can be validated using various in vitro and in vivo experiments, and this gives an important insight to this field. This review focuses on these aspects including the standardized assessment of prebiotics and its metabolic products for customary applications. This review has also summarized the mechanism of their beneficial actions such as immunomodulation, nutrient absorption, pathogen inhibition, etc., and its significance in human nutrition. In addition to this, some fascinating applications of prebiotics in health-related disorders have also discussed, with current challenges in this facet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishu Khangwal
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
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13
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Liu D, Wen B, Zhu K, Luo Y, Li J, Li Y, Lin H, Huang J, Liu Z. Antibiotics-induced perturbations in gut microbial diversity influence metabolic phenotypes in a murine model of high-fat diet-induced obesity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:5269-5283. [PMID: 31020379 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09764-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota play a key role in the regulation of obesity and associated metabolic disorders. To study the relationship between them, antibiotics have been widely used to generate pseudo-germ-free rodents as control models. However, it is not clear whether antibiotics impact an animal's metabolic phenotype. Therefore, the effect of antibiotics-induced gut microbial perturbations on metabolic phenotypes in high-fat diet (HFD) fed mice was investigated. The results showed that antibiotics perturbed gut microbial composition and structure. Community diversity and richness were reduced, and the phyla Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio was decreased by antibiotics. Visualization of Unifrac distance data using principal component analysis (PCA) and unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (UPGAM) demonstrated that fecal samples of HFD-fed mice separated from those of chow diet (CD) fed mice. Fecal samples from antibiotics-treated and non-treated mice were clustered into two different microbial populations. Moreover, antibiotics suppressed HFD-induced metabolic features, including body weight gain (BWG), liver weight (LW), epididymal fat weight (EFW), and serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and insulin (INS) significantly (P < 0.05). Lachnospiraceae, Ruminiclostridium and Helicobacter, biomarkers of mouse gut microbiota before treatment by antibiotics, were positively correlated with obesity phenotypes significantly (P < 0.05) and were decreased by (92.95 ± 5.09) %, (97.73 ± 2.09) % and (99.48 ± 0.21) % respectively after 30 days of treatment by antibiotics. However, Bacteroidia were enriched in HFD-fed antibiotics-treated mice and were negatively correlated with obesity phenotypes significantly (P < 0.05). We suggested that the antibiotics-induced depletion of Lachnospiraceae, Ruminiclostridium, and Helicobacter, and the decrease in F/B ratio in gut microbiota played a role in the prevention of HFD-induced obesity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.,Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, 425199, China
| | - Beibei Wen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Kun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, 410128, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yinhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, 410128, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Haiyan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, 410128, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jianan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China. .,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, 410128, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China. .,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, 410128, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Changsha, 410128, China.
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14
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Strain-level diversity of commercial probiotic isolates of Bacillus, Lactobacillus, and Saccharomyces species illustrated by molecular identification and phenotypic profiling. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213841. [PMID: 30901338 PMCID: PMC6430388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotic products are becoming more prevalent as awareness of the role of beneficial microbes in health increases. Ingredient labels of these products often omit identifications at the strain level, making it difficult to track down applicable published research. In this study, we investigated whether products labeled with the same species name contained different strains of those species. From 21 commercially available probiotic supplements and beverages, we cultured five main species: Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and the yeast Saccharomyces boulardii. To confirm the identity of each bacterial isolate, we applied standard molecular approaches: 16S rRNA gene sequencing and Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Phenotypic profiling and identification were performed with the Biolog Microbial Identification system. All of the bacterial isolates were correctly identified by at least one approach. Sequencing the 16S rRNA gene led to 82% of species identifications matching the product label, with 71% of isolates identified by MALDI-TOF MS and 60% identified correctly with the Biolog system. Analysis of the Biolog phenotypic profiles revealed different patterns of carbon source usage by each species, with sugars preferentially utilized by all except B. subtilis. To assess the strain-level differences, we compared strains of the same species and found variability in carbohydrate utilization and tolerance to environmental stressors (salt, acidity, antibiotics). By demonstrating that products listing the same species often contain strains with different 16S sequences and phenotypes, this study highlights that current labels of probiotic supplements do not sufficiently convey the strain diversity in these products.
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15
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Combinatory biotechnological intervention for gut microbiota. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:3615-3625. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09727-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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16
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Patrignani F, Siroli L, Parolin C, Serrazanetti DI, Vitali B, Lanciotti R. Use of Lactobacillus crispatus to produce a probiotic cheese as potential gender food for preventing gynaecological infections. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0208906. [PMID: 30625157 PMCID: PMC6326422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This research is aimed to evaluate the suitability of Squacquerone cheese to support the viability of Lactobacillus crispatus BC4, a vaginal strain endowed with a strong antimicrobial activity against urogenital pathogens and foodborne microorganisms, in order to recommend a gender food for woman wellbeing. The viability of L. crispatus BC4, used as adjunct culture, was evaluated during the refrigerated storage of Squacquerone cheese, as well as when the cheese was subjected to simulated stomach-duodenum passage tested by the patented Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME). Moreover, the effects of L. crispatus BC4 addition were evaluated on product hydrolytic patterns, in terms of proteolysis, lipolysis and volatile molecule profiles. The data showed that L. crispatus BC4 maintained high viability, also in presence of physiological stress conditions, until the end of the refrigerated storage. Moreover, the inclusion of L. crispatus BC4 gave rise to cheese product with higher score of overall acceptability when compared to control cheese. In addition, the survival of L. crispatus BC4, carried in test cheese, in gastro intestinal conditions was confirmed by SHIME. The results showed that the vaginal Lactobacillus strain was more affected by the low pH of the stomach, simulated by the SHIME reactor, rather than to bile salts and pancreatic juices. Although only in vivo trials will be able to confirm the functionality of the cheese in the vaginal environment, these data represent a first step towards the employment of the Squacquerone cheese as probiotic food able to promote the woman’s health by preventing gynaecological infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Patrignani
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Lorenzo Siroli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Carola Parolin
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Diana I. Serrazanetti
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Beatrice Vitali
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rosalba Lanciotti
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
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17
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Evaluation of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum against foodborne pathogens and its fermentation potential in improving Lolium multiflorum silage quality. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:443. [PMID: 30333945 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1449-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to isolate the lactic acid bacteria from fermented silage sample and analyze their antibacterial activities, probiotic properties, and fermentation potential in silage. Eleven lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were selected based on distinct morphologies and preliminary studies. Cell-free supernatant (CFS) was then prepared from the selected strains for antibacterial analysis. L-30 strain and its CFS showed highest inhibition (> 10 mm) against tested foodborne pathogens as compared to other strains. Hereafter, the strain L-30 was named as KCC-30 and used for further studies. KCC-30 can survive in the harsh conditions of GIT such as low pH ( 2) and bile salt environment (oxgal) than standard L. plantarum KACC-91016 (pH 2: 27.2% vs 20.5%; oxgal: 72.3% vs 57.7%, both p < 0.05). In addition, KCC-30 exhibited strong auto-aggregation (68.3% vs 51.5%) and co-aggregation (33% vs 23.9%) properties. For silage experiment, KCC-30 treatment did not alter the nutrient profiles of silage. At the same time, KCC-30 treatment increased the lactic acid content of silage as compared to untreated silage (5.55 DM% vs 3.11 DM%). An increase of lactic acid content in the silage is due to higher lactic acid bacteria population in KCC-30 treated silage (15.33 × 107 CFU/g vs 7.66 × 107 CFU/g) than untreated silage (p < 0.05). Overall data suggested that KCC-30 exhibited strong probiotic potential and improved the quality of Lolium multiflorum silage by increasing the lactic acid level. Therefore, KCC-30 could be considered as potential strain to improve the fermentation quality of L. multiflorum silage.
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18
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Dong Z, Lee BH. Bile salt hydrolases: Structure and function, substrate preference, and inhibitor development. Protein Sci 2018; 27:1742-1754. [PMID: 30098054 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide trend of limiting the use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) in animal production creates challenges for the animal feed industry, thus necessitating the development of effective non-antibiotic alternatives to improve animal performance. Increasing evidence has shown that the growth-promoting effect of AGPs is highly correlated with the reduced activity of bile salt hydrolase (BSH, EC 3.5.1.24), an intestinal bacteria-producing enzyme that has a negative impact on host fat digestion and energy harvest. Therefore, BSH inhibitors may become novel, attractive alternatives to AGPs. Detailed knowledge of BSH substrate preferences and the wealth of structural data on BSHs provide a solid foundation for rationally tailored BSH inhibitor design. This review focuses on the relationship between structure and function of BSHs based on the crystal structure, kinetic data, molecular docking and comparative structural analyses. The molecular basis for BSH substrate recognition is also discussed. Finally, recent advances and future prospectives in the development of potent, safe, and cost-effective BSH inhibitors are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixing Dong
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Byong H Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, South Korea.,Department of Microbiology/Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3A 2B4
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19
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Zhuang K, Jiang Y, Feng X, Li L, Dang F, Zhang W, Man C. Transcriptomic response to GABA-producing Lactobacillus plantarum CGMCC 1.2437T induced by L-MSG. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199021. [PMID: 29894506 PMCID: PMC5997328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter found in the central nervous system of mammals. A range of bacterial species can synthesize GABA, including Lactobacillus plantarum of which L-monosodium glutamate (L-MSG) is an inducer of its production. In order to synthesize GABA in high concentrations, L-MSG was utilized as the single inducing factor, a chemically defined medium (CDM) was used as the fermentation substrate, with L. plantarum CGMCC 1.2437T cultured in medium supplemented with or without L-MSG. High-throughput transcriptome sequencing was used to explore the differential genes expression of bacterial cells at 36 h of fermentation, where the GABA concentration of CDM with L-MSG reached the peak value and was 7.7 times higher than that of medium without L-MSG at the same timepoint. A total of 87 genes showed significant differential expression induced by L-MSG: of these, 69 were up-regulated genes and 18 were down-regulated. The up-regulated genes were assigned to biological processes and molecular function, while the down-regulated genes covered biological process, cellular process and molecular function. Interrogation of results using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses, indicated carbohydrate metabolism, fatty acid synthesis and amino acid metabolism were closely associated with GABA synthesis induced by L-MSG. This study provides insights into L. plantarum-mediated GABA fermentation at the molecular level and will provide a new approach for further studies related to GABA production by the other Lactic acid bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejin Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yujun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaohan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Fangfang Dang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chaoxin Man
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- * E-mail:
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20
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Enzymatic synthesis of fructooligosaccharides from sucrose by endo-inulinase-catalyzed transfructosylation reaction in biphasic systems. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Jiang Y, Zhang J, Zhao X, Zhao W, Yu Z, Chen C, Yang Z. Complete genome sequencing of exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus plantarum K25 provides genetic evidence for the probiotic functionality and cold endurance capacity of the strain. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:1225-1233. [PMID: 29564960 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1453293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) K25 is a probiotic strain isolated from Tibetan kefir. Previous studies showed that this exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing strain was antimicrobial active and cold tolerant. These functional traits were evidenced by complete genome sequencing of strain K25 with a circular 3,175,846-bp chromosome and six circular plasmids, encoding 3365 CDSs, 16 rRNA genes and 70 tRNA genes. Genomic analysis of L. plantarum K25 illustrates that this strain contains the previous reported mechanisms of probiotic functionality and cold tolerance, involving plantaricins, lysozyme, bile salt hydrolase, chaperone proteins, osmoprotectant, oxidoreductase, EPSs and terpenes. Interestingly, strain K25 harbors more genes that function in defense mechanisms, and lipid transport and metabolism, in comparison with other L. plantarum strains reported. The present study demonstrates the comprehensive analysis of genes related to probiotic functionalities of an EPS-producing L. plantarum strain based on whole genome sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Jiang
- a Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing , China
| | - Jian Zhang
- a Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing , China
| | - Xiao Zhao
- a Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing , China
| | - Wen Zhao
- a Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing , China
| | - Zhijian Yu
- b Dongjun Dairy(Yucheng)Co., Ltd , Yucheng , China
| | - Chao Chen
- b Dongjun Dairy(Yucheng)Co., Ltd , Yucheng , China
| | - Zhennai Yang
- a Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing , China
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22
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Hu PL, Yuan YH, Yue TL, Guo CF. Bile acid patterns in commercially available oxgall powders used for the evaluation of the bile tolerance ability of potential probiotics. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192964. [PMID: 29494656 PMCID: PMC5832225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the bile acid patterns in commercially available oxgall powders used for evaluation of the bile tolerance ability of probiotic bacteria. Qxgall powders purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Oxoid and BD Difco were dissolved in distilled water, and analyzed. Conjugated bile acids were profiled by ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), free bile acids were detected as their p-bromophenacyl ester derivatives using reversed-phase HPLC after extraction with acetic ether, and total bile acids were analyzed by enzymatic-colorimetric assay. The results showed that 9 individual bile acids (i.e., taurocholic acid, glycocholic acid, taurodeoxycholic acid, glycodeoxycholic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid) were present in each of the oxgall powders tested. The content of total bile acid among the three oxgall powders was similar; however, the relative contents of the individual bile acids among these oxgall powders were significantly different (P < 0.001). The oxgall powder from Sigma-Aldrich was closer to human bile in the ratios of glycine-conjugated bile acids to taurine-conjugated bile acids, dihydroxy bile acids to trihydroxy bile acids, and free bile acids to conjugated bile acids than the other powders were. It was concluded that the oxgall powder from Sigma-Aldrich should be used instead of those from Oxoid and BD Difco to evaluate the bile tolerance ability of probiotic bacteria as human bile model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Li Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ya-Hong Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tian-Li Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chun-Feng Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- * E-mail:
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23
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Gil de los Santos D, Gil de los Santos JR, Gil-Turnes C, Gaboardi G, Fernandes Silva L, França R, Gevehr Fernandes C, Rochedo Conceição F. Probiotic effect of Pichia pastoris X-33 produced in parboiled rice effluent and YPD medium on broiler chickens. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192904. [PMID: 29447227 PMCID: PMC5814009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous paper we showed that the yeast Pichia pastoris X-33 grown in parboiled rice effluent supplemented with glycerol byproduct from the biodiesel industry improved the quality of the effluent. In this paper we show the validation of this yeast (PPE) as probiotic for broilers. Its effect on feed efficiency and immunomodulation was compared with the same yeast grown in yeast peptone dextrose medium (PPY), with Saccharomyces boulardii (SBY) and with the controls fed unsupplemented feed (CON). One-day-old female chicks were vaccinated against infectious bursal disease (IBD) and the titers of anti-IBD antibodies were measured by ELISA. PPE group had the highest mean titres on days 14 and 28 (p<0,05), and at 28 days, 64% of the animals showed seroconvertion. The PPE group also showed the best weight gains at 42 days of age, that, on days 7, 14 and 21 were 19%, 15%, and 8.7% higher, respectively, than the control group. The best feed conversion, 8.2% higher than the control group, was obtained by PPY at 42 days. Histopathological studies did not detect any undesirable effects in the supplemented animals. We concluded that Pichia pastoris X-33 when grown in effluents of the rice parboiling industry supplemented with glycerol byproduct from the biodiesel has probiotic properties for poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Gil de los Santos
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
- Instituto Federal Sul-riograndense, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Carlos Gil-Turnes
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Giana Gaboardi
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiza Fernandes Silva
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo França
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Fabricio Rochedo Conceição
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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24
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Dahiya DK, Renuka, Puniya M, Shandilya UK, Dhewa T, Kumar N, Kumar S, Puniya AK, Shukla P. Gut Microbiota Modulation and Its Relationship with Obesity Using Prebiotic Fibers and Probiotics: A Review. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:563. [PMID: 28421057 PMCID: PMC5378938 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present world scenario, obesity has almost attained the level of a pandemic and is progressing at a rapid rate. This disease is the mother of all other metabolic disorders, which apart from placing an added financial burden on the concerned patient also has a negative impact on his/her well-being and health in the society. Among the various plausible factors for the development of obesity, the role of gut microbiota is very crucial. In general, the gut of an individual is inhabited by trillions of microbes that play a significant role in host energy homeostasis by their symbiotic interactions. Dysbiosis in gut microbiota causes disequilibrium in energy homeostasis that ultimately leads to obesity. Numerous mechanisms have been reported by which gut microbiota induces obesity in experimental models. However, which microbial community is directly linked to obesity is still unknown due to the complex nature of gut microbiota. Prebiotics and probiotics are the safer and effective dietary substances available, which can therapeutically alter the gut microbiota of the host. In this review, an effort was made to discuss the current mechanisms through which gut microbiota interacts with host energy metabolism in the context of obesity. Further, the therapeutic approaches (prebiotics/probiotics) that helped in positively altering the gut microbiota were discussed by taking experimental evidence from animal and human studies. In the closing statement, the challenges and future tasks within the field were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh K Dahiya
- Advanced Milk Testing Research Laboratory, Post Graduate Institute of Veterinary Education and Research - Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at BikanerJaipur, India
| | - Renuka
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Science, South Campus, Panjab UniversityChandigarh, India
| | - Monica Puniya
- Food Safety Management System Division, Food Safety and Standards Authority of IndiaNew Delhi, India
| | - Umesh K Shandilya
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Bureau of Animal Genetic ResourcesKarnal, India
| | - Tejpal Dhewa
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of HaryanaMahendergarh, India
| | - Nikhil Kumar
- Department of Life Sciences, Shri Venkateshwara UniversityJP Nagar, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Life Science, Central Assam UniversitySilchar, India
| | - Anil K Puniya
- College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences UniversityLudhiana, India.,Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research InstituteKarnal, India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand UniversityRohtak, India
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