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Tadesse BT, Gu L, Solem C, Mijakovic I, Jers C. The Probiotic Enterococcus Lactis SF68 as a Potential Food Fermentation Microorganism for Safe Food Production. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:18089-18099. [PMID: 39102436 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Due to the reports describing virulent and multidrug resistant enterococci, their use has become a topic of controversy despite most of them being safe and commonly used in traditionally fermented foods worldwide. We have characterized Enterococcus lactis SF68, a probiotic strain approved by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) for use in food and feed, and find that it has a remarkable potential in food fermentations. Genome analysis revealed the potential of SF68 to metabolize a multitude of carbohydrates, including lactose and sucrose, which was substantiated experimentally. Bacteriocin biosynthesis clusters were identified and SF68 was found to display a strong inhibitory effect against Listeria monocytogenes. Fermentation-wise, E. lactis SF68 was remarkably like Lactococcus lactis and displayed a clear mixed-acid shift on slowly fermented sugars. SF68 could produce the butter aroma compounds, acetoin and diacetyl, the production of which was enhanced under aerated conditions in a strain deficient in lactate dehydrogenase activity. Overall, E. lactis SF68 was found to be versatile, with a broad carbohydrate utilization capacity, a capacity for producing bacteriocins, and an ability to grow at elevated temperatures. This is key to eliminating pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms that are frequently associated with fermented foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belay Tilahun Tadesse
- National Food Institute, Research Group for Microbial Biotechnology and Biorefining, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby 2800, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Liuyan Gu
- Department of Bio- and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds vej 10, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Christian Solem
- National Food Institute, Research Group for Microbial Biotechnology and Biorefining, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Ivan Mijakovic
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Lyngby 2800, Denmark
- Systems and Synthetic Biology Division, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Carsten Jers
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Lyngby 2800, Denmark
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2
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Hamed NS, Mbye M, Ayyash M, Ulusoy BH, Kamal-Eldin A. Camel Milk: Antimicrobial Agents, Fermented Products, and Shelf Life. Foods 2024; 13:381. [PMID: 38338516 PMCID: PMC10855775 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The camel milk (CM) industry has witnessed a notable expansion in recent years. This expansion is primarily driven by the rising demand for CM and its fermented products. The perceived health and nutritional benefits of these products are mainly responsible for their increasing popularity. The composition of CM can vary significantly due to various factors, including the breed of the camel, its age, the stage of lactation, region, and season. CM contains several beneficial substances, including antimicrobial agents, such as lactoferrin, lysozyme, immunoglobulin G, lactoperoxidase, and N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase, which protect it from contamination by spoilage and pathogenic bacteria, and contribute to its longer shelf life compared to bovine milk (BM). Nevertheless, certain harmful bacteria, such as Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Escherichia coli, have been detected in CM, which is a significant public health concern. Therefore, it is crucial to understand and monitor the microbial profile of CM and follow good manufacturing practices to guarantee its safety and quality. This review article explores various aspects of CM, including the types of beneficial and harmful bacteria present in it, the composition of the milk, its antimicrobial properties, its shelf life, and the production of fermented CM products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nejat Shifamussa Hamed
- Department of Food Science, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (N.S.H.); (M.M.); (M.A.)
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia 99138, Cyprus;
| | - Mustapha Mbye
- Department of Food Science, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (N.S.H.); (M.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Mutamed Ayyash
- Department of Food Science, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (N.S.H.); (M.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Beyza Hatice Ulusoy
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia 99138, Cyprus;
| | - Afaf Kamal-Eldin
- Department of Food Science, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (N.S.H.); (M.M.); (M.A.)
- National Water and Energy Center, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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3
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Maftei NM, Raileanu CR, Balta AA, Ambrose L, Boev M, Marin DB, Lisa EL. The Potential Impact of Probiotics on Human Health: An Update on Their Health-Promoting Properties. Microorganisms 2024; 12:234. [PMID: 38399637 PMCID: PMC10891645 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotics, known to be live microorganisms, have been shown to improve or restore the gut microbiota, which in turn has been linked to improved health. It is believed that probiotics are the modern equivalent of a panacea, with claims that they may treat or prevent different diseases both in children and adults (e.g., from colic in babies to cardiovascular disease, respiratory infection, and cancer in adults). Ever since the early 2000s, probiotic-based fermented foods have had a resurgence in popularity, mostly due to claims made regarding their health benefits. Fermented foods have been associated with the prevention of irritable bowel syndrome, lactose intolerance, gastroenteritis, and obesity, but also other conditions such as chronic diarrhea, allergies, dermatitis, and bacterial and viral infections, all of which are closely related to an unhealthy lifestyle. Recent and ongoing developments in microbiome/microbiota science have given us new research directions for probiotics. The new types, mechanisms, and applications studied so far, and those currently under study, have a great potential to change scientific understanding of probiotics' nutritional applications and human health care. The expansion of fields related to the study of the microbiome and the involvement of probiotics in its improvement foreshadow an era of significant changes. An expanding range of candidate probiotic species is emerging that can address newly elucidated data-driven microbial niches and host targets. In the probiotic field, new variants of microbiome-modulating interventions are being developed, including prebiotics, symbiotics, postbiotics, microbial consortia, live biotherapeutic products, and genetically modified organisms, with renewed interest in polyphenols, fibers, and fermented foods to ensure human health. This manuscript aims to analyze recent, emerging, and anticipated trends in probiotics (sources, doses, mechanism of action, diseases for which probiotics are administered, side effects, and risks) and create a vision for the development of related areas of influence in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta-Maricica Maftei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, 800010 Galati, Romania; (N.-M.M.); (E.L.L.)
- Clinic Laboratory Department, Clinical Hospital of Children Hospital “Sf. Ioan”, 800487 Galati, Romania
- Research Centre in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Cosmin Raducu Raileanu
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, 800010 Galati, Romania; (C.R.R.); (L.A.)
| | - Alexia Anastasia Balta
- Medical Department Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, 800010 Galati, Romania;
| | - Lenuta Ambrose
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, 800010 Galati, Romania; (C.R.R.); (L.A.)
| | - Monica Boev
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, 800010 Galati, Romania; (N.-M.M.); (E.L.L.)
- Research Centre in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Denisa Batîr Marin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, 800010 Galati, Romania; (N.-M.M.); (E.L.L.)
- Research Centre in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Elena Lacramioara Lisa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, 800010 Galati, Romania; (N.-M.M.); (E.L.L.)
- Research Centre in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 800010 Galati, Romania
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Miri S, Hassan H, Esmail GA, Njoku EN, Chiba M, Yousuf B, Ahmed TAE, Hincke M, Mottawea W, Hammami R. A Two Bacteriocinogenic Ligilactobacillus Strain Association Inhibits Growth, Adhesion, and Invasion of Salmonella in a Simulated Chicken Gut Environment. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023:10.1007/s12602-023-10148-5. [PMID: 37646968 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10148-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to develop a protective probiotic coculture to inhibit the growth of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in the simulated chicken gut environment. Bacterial strains were isolated from the digestive mucosa of broilers and screened in vitro against Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028. A biocompatibility coculture test was performed, which identified two biocompatible strains, Ligilactobacillus salivarius UO.C109 and Ligilactobacillus saerimneri UO.C121 with high inhibitory activity against Salmonella. The cell-free supernatant (CFS) of the selected isolates exhibited dose-dependent effects, and the inhibitory agents were confirmed to be proteinaceous by enzymatic and thermal treatments. Proteome and genome analyses revealed the presence of known bacteriocins in the CFS of L. salivarius UO.C109, but unknown for L. saerimneri UO.C121. The addition of these selected probiotic candidates altered the bacterial community structure, increased the diversity of the chicken gut microbiota challenged with Salmonella, and significantly reduced the abundances of Enterobacteriaceae, Parasutterlla, Phascolarctobacterium, Enterococcus, and Megamonas. It also modulated microbiome production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) with increased levels of acetic and propionic acids after 12 and 24 h of incubation compared to the microbiome challenged with S. Typhimurium. Furthermore, the selected probiotic candidates reduced the adhesion and invasion of Salmonella to Caco-2 cells by 37-39% and 51%, respectively, after 3 h of incubation, compared to the control. These results suggest that the developed coculture probiotic strains has protective activity and could be an effective strategy to control Salmonella infections in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Miri
- NuGut Research Platform, School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hebatoallah Hassan
- NuGut Research Platform, School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Galal Ali Esmail
- NuGut Research Platform, School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Emmanuel N Njoku
- NuGut Research Platform, School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mariem Chiba
- NuGut Research Platform, School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Basit Yousuf
- NuGut Research Platform, School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tamer A E Ahmed
- NuGut Research Platform, School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Maxwell Hincke
- Department of Innovation in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, K1H8M5, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, K1H8M5, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Walid Mottawea
- NuGut Research Platform, School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Riadh Hammami
- NuGut Research Platform, School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Rahmeh R, Akbar A, Alomirah H, Kishk M, Al-Ateeqi A, Al-Milhm S, Shajan A, Akbar B, Al-Merri S, Alotaibi M, Esposito A. Camel milk microbiota: A culture-independent assessment. Food Res Int 2022; 159:111629. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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6
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Dutta B, Lahiri D, Nag M, Abukhader R, Sarkar T, Pati S, Upadhye V, Pandit S, Amin MFM, Al Tawaha ARMS, Kumar M, Ray RR. Multi-Omics Approach in Amelioration of Food Products. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:955683. [PMID: 35903478 PMCID: PMC9315205 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.955683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Determination of the quality of food products is an essential key factor needed for safe-guarding the quality of food for the interest of the consumers, along with the nutritional and sensory improvements that are necessary for delivering better quality products. Bacteriocins are a group of ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides that help in maintaining the quality of food. The implementation of multi-omics approach has been important for the overall enhancement of the quality of the food. This review uses various recent technologies like proteomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics for the overall enhancement of the quality of food products. The matrix associated with the food products requires the use of sophisticated technologies that help in the extraction of a large amount of information necessary for the amelioration of the food products. This review would provide a wholesome view of how various recent technologies can be used for improving the quality food products and for enhancing their shelf-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandita Dutta
- Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Haringhata, India
| | - Dibyajit Lahiri
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering & Management, Kolkata, India
| | - Moupriya Nag
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering & Management, Kolkata, India
| | - Rose Abukhader
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Tanmay Sarkar
- Department of Food Processing Technology, Malda Polytechnic, West Bengal State Council of Technical Education, Government of West Bengal, Malda, India
| | - Siddhartha Pati
- NatNov Bioscience Private Limited, Balasore, India
- Skills Innovation & Academic Network (SIAN) Institute, Association for Biodiversity Conservation & Research (ABC), Balasore, India
| | - Vijay Upadhye
- Center of Research for Development (CR4D), Parul Institute of Applied Sciences (PIAS), Parul University, Vadodara, India
| | - Soumya Pandit
- Department of Life Sciences, Sharda University, Noida, India
| | | | | | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Rina Rani Ray
- Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Haringhata, India
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7
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Effect of Bacteriocin (ALC102) of Enterococcus faecium GRD AA on Biofilm Forming Listeria monocytogenes MTCC 657. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.1.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antilisterial bacteriocin producing strain were isolated from milk samples and were subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing and found to be of genus Enterococcus faecium. The bacteriocin ALC102 were partially purified by Amberlite XAD-16 adsorption followed by column chromatography. The biofilm formation capacity of Listeria monocytogenes MTCC 657 were evaluated by tube method and CV binding assay. Biofilm formation on different abiotic substrates were also evaluated. Among three substrates stainless steel had a strong biofilm formation followed by glass and aluminum foil. From the results of biofilm eradication studies, the bacteriocin ALC102 showed almost similar activity of commercial bacteriocin nisin on all the substrates at 45°C, 30°C, 4°C and -20°C. Based on CBD® biofilm eradication assay, the eradication potential of ALC102 and nisin were found to be similar on high (45°C) and freezing (-20°C) temperatures. From the study, antilisterial bacteriocin ALC102 found to be able to inhibit the biofilm formed Listeria monocytogenes MTCC 657 at different temperatures and different incubation periods (24h, 48h and 72h). The biofilm eradication potential of antilisterial bacteriocin ALC102 was similar to nisin. Neither incubation temperature nor incubation period doesn’t altered the activity of the bacteriocin. So this bacteriocin can be considered as a potential competitor in food industry and we strongly recommend the use of this bacteriocin from Enterococcus faecium GRD AA in the food preservation industry to a higher temperature (45°C) to freezing temperature (-20°C).
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Tarek N, El-Gendy AO, Khairalla AS, Abdel-Fattah M, Tawfik E, Azmy AF. Genomic analysis of Enterococcus durans NT21, a putative bacteriocin-producing isolate. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 11:143-153. [PMID: 36718242 PMCID: PMC9661671 DOI: 10.22099/mbrc.2022.44088.1760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Enterococcus species are a long-standing and non-pathogenic commensal bacterium, representing an important part of the normal. Enterococcus durans is a rarely isolated species from animals and humans, and it was a tiny constituent of human oral cavity and animal intestinal flora, as well as animal-derived foods, particularly dairy products. This study evaluated the security of our strain E. durans NT21 by using whole-genome sequencing (WGS), physicochemical features, and antimicrobial activity. The complete genomic of our strain Enterococcus durans NT21was sequenced and analyzed by using several bioinformatics tools to identify bacteriocin genes, virulence genes, antibiotic resistance genes, Crispr-Cas and pathogenicity islands. The results showed that our strain NT21 lacks the presence of virulence genes, pathogenicity islands, plasmids and has only two antibiotic resistance genes. On the other hand, it produces three bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (Enterolysin A, P and L50a). It has six gene-encoded Crisper-Cas and one cluster Crispr-Cas gene. According to our findings, E. durans NT21 is a possible probiotic strain that is safe for both human and animal use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashwa Tarek
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt,Basic Science Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental medicine, Nahda University Beni-Suef (NUB), Beni
| | - Ahmed O. El-Gendy
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University
| | - Ahmed S. Khairalla
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University ,Department of Biology, University of Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Medhat Abdel-Fattah
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Eman Tawfik
- Department of Botany and Microbiology,Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Egypt, Eman Tawfik and Ahmed F. Azmy contributed equally to the project.,Corresponding Author: Lecturer of Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Egypt, Tel: +2 01119383526; Fax: +2 0225552468; E. mail:
| | - Ahmed F. Azmy
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University , Eman Tawfik and Ahmed F. Azmy contributed equally to the project.,Corresponding Author: Lecturer of Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Egypt, Tel: +2 01119383526; Fax: +2 0225552468; E. mail:
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Terzić-Vidojević A, Veljović K, Popović N, Tolinački M, Golić N. Enterococci from Raw-Milk Cheeses: Current Knowledge on Safety, Technological, and Probiotic Concerns. Foods 2021; 10:2753. [PMID: 34829034 PMCID: PMC8624194 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study is focused on the safety, technological characteristics, and probiotic evaluation of Enterococcus species from different artisanal raw milk dairy products, mainly cheeses with ripening. Apart from proteolytic and lipolytic activities, most enterococci show the ability to metabolize citrate and convert it to various aromatic compounds. Long-ripened cheeses therefore have a specific flavor that makes them different from cheeses produced from thermally treated milk with commercial starter cultures. In addition, enterococci are producers of bacteriocins effective against spoilage and pathogenic bacteria, so they can be used as food preservatives. However, the use of enterococci in the dairy industry should be approached with caution. Although originating from food, enterococci strains may carry various virulence factors and antibiotic-resistance genes and can have many adverse effects on human health. Still, despite their controversial status, the use of enterococci in the food industry is not strictly regulated since the existence of these so-called desirable and undesirable traits in enterococci is a strain-dependent characteristic. To be specific, the results of many studies showed that there are some enterococci strains that are safe for use as starter cultures or as probiotics since they do not carry virulence factors and antibiotic-resistance genes. These strains even exhibit strong health-promoting effects such as stimulation of the immune response, anti-inflammatory activity, hypocholesterolemic action, and usefulness in prevention/treatment of some diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarela Terzić-Vidojević
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (K.V.); (N.P.); (M.T.); (N.G.)
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10
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Du R, Pei F, Kang J, Zhang W, Ping W, Ling H, Ge J. Optimization of cultivation strategy and medium for bacteriocin activity of Enterococcus faecium HDX-2. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 52:762-769. [PMID: 34704893 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.1992782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from pickled Chinese cucumber was screened for bacteriocin production. The strain was identified to be Enterococcus faecium HDX-2. Based on the Plackett-Burman (PB) experiment, glucose, Ca2+, and initial pH were found to be the most significant parameters of bacteriocin production. Afterward, effects of the three main parameters on bacteriocin activity were further investigated by central composite design (CCD) and the optimum composition was glucose 22 g/L, Ca2+ 0.6 mM, and initial pH 7.2. Optimum results showed that bacteriocin activity was increased to 1337.60 ± 36.71 AU/mL, 2.23-fold higher than in MRS medium without parameters optimization. The bacteriocin also showed significant antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes in meat and cheese model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renpeng Du
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Fangyi Pei
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Jie Kang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Wenxiang Ping
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Hongzhi Ling
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Jingping Ge
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
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11
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Choeisoongnern T, Sirilun S, Waditee-Sirisattha R, Pintha K, Peerajan S, Chaiyasut C. Potential Probiotic Enterococcus faecium OV3-6 and Its Bioactive Peptide as Alternative Bio-Preservation. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102264. [PMID: 34681312 PMCID: PMC8534580 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotic Enterococcus faecium OV3-6 and its secreted active peptide were characterized and investigated. The strain survived in simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions at 88.16% and 94.33%, respectively. The safety assessment revealed that the strain was shown α-hemolysis and susceptible to most clinically relevant antibiotics, but intermediate sensitivity to erythromycin and kanamycin was found. It does not harbor any virulence genes except for the efaAfm gene. Both of its living cells and the cell-free supernatants (CFS) of the strain significantly reduced the adhesion of E. coli and S. Typhi on Caco-2 cells. The strain can regulate the secretion of pro and inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and IL-12 and induce the secretion of anti-inflammatory IL-10 of the Caco-2 cell. The strain can prevent the growth of Gram-positive strains belonging to the genera Bacillus, Carnobacterium, Listeria, and Staphylococcus. It also presented the entP gene that involves the production of bacteriocin named enterocin P. The antimicrobial peptide was matched 40% with 50S ribosomal proteins L29 (7.325 kDa), as revealed by LC-MS/MS. This active peptide exhibits heat stability, is stable over a wide pH range of 2−10, and maintains its activity at −20 and 4 °C for 12 weeks of storage. Altogether, E. faecium OV3-6 thus has potential for consideration as a probiotic and bio-preservative for applied use as a fermented food starter culture and in functional food or feed industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiwanya Choeisoongnern
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sasithorn Sirilun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (C.C.); Tel.: +66-5394-4375 (S.S.); +66-5394-4340 (C.C.)
| | | | - Komsak Pintha
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand;
| | | | - Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (C.C.); Tel.: +66-5394-4375 (S.S.); +66-5394-4340 (C.C.)
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12
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Kirtonia K, Salauddin M, Bharadwaj KK, Pati S, Dey A, Shariati MA, Tilak VK, Kuznetsova E, Sarkar T. Bacteriocin: A new strategic antibiofilm agent in food industries. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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Gumienna M, Górna B. Antimicrobial Food Packaging with Biodegradable Polymers and Bacteriocins. Molecules 2021; 26:3735. [PMID: 34207426 PMCID: PMC8234186 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Innovations in food and drink packaging result mainly from the needs and requirements of consumers, which are influenced by changing global trends. Antimicrobial and active packaging are at the forefront of current research and development for food packaging. One of the few natural polymers on the market with antimicrobial properties is biodegradable and biocompatible chitosan. It is formed as a result of chitin deacetylation. Due to these properties, the production of chitosan alone or a composite film based on chitosan is of great interest to scientists and industrialists from various fields. Chitosan films have the potential to be used as a packaging material to maintain the quality and microbiological safety of food. In addition, chitosan is widely used in antimicrobial films against a wide range of pathogenic and food spoilage microbes. Polylactic acid (PLA) is considered one of the most promising and environmentally friendly polymers due to its physical and chemical properties, including renewable, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and is considered safe (GRAS). There is great interest among scientists in the study of PLA as an alternative food packaging film with improved properties to increase its usability for food packaging applications. The aim of this review article is to draw attention to the existing possibilities of using various components in combination with chitosan, PLA, or bacteriocins to improve the properties of packaging in new food packaging technologies. Consequently, they can be a promising solution to improve the quality, delay the spoilage of packaged food, as well as increase the safety and shelf life of food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Gumienna
- Laboratory of Fermentation and Biosynthesis, Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland;
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Compatibility, Cytotoxicity, and Gastrointestinal Tenacity of Bacteriocin-Producing Bacteria Selected for a Consortium Probiotic Formulation to Be Used in Livestock Feed. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:208-217. [PMID: 32712896 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09687-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriocin-producing Escherichia coli ICVB442, E. coli ICVB443, Enterococcus faecalis ICVB497, E. faecalis ICVB501, and Pediococcus pentosaceus ICVB491 strains were examined for their pathogenic risks and compatibility and hence suitability as consortium probiotic bacteria. Except for E. coli ICVB442, all were inclined to form biofilm. All were gelatinase-negative, sensitive to most of the antibiotics tested and not cytotoxic to porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-1) when tested at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1. P. pentosaceus ICVB491 stood apart by inhibiting the other four strains. Both E. coli strains and E. faecalis ICVB497 strain were β-hemolytic. Survival in the TIM-1 dynamic model of the human digestive system was 139% for the tested E. coli ICVB443 strain, 46% for P. pentosaceus ICVB491, and 32% for the preferred E. faecalis ICVB501 strain. These three potential probiotics, which are bacteriocin-producing strains, will be considered for simultaneous use as consortium with synergistic interactions in vivo on animal model.
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15
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Research Development on Anti-Microbial and Antioxidant Properties of Camel Milk and Its Role as an Anti-Cancer and Anti-Hepatitis Agent. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050788. [PMID: 34067516 PMCID: PMC8156492 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Camel milk is a rich source of vitamin C, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), beta-caseins and milk whey proteins, including lactoferrin, lysozyme, lactoperoxidase, alpha-lactalbumin and immunoglobulin. The lactoferrin plays a key role in several physiological functions, such as conferring antioxidant, anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory functions in cells. Similarly, the camel milk alpha-lactalbumin has shown greater antioxidative activity because of its higher antioxidant amino acid residues. The antioxidant properties of camel milk have also been ascribed to the structural conformation of its beta-caseins. Upon hydrolysis, the beta-caseins lead to some bioactive peptides having antioxidant activities. Consequently, the vitamin C in camel milk has a significant antioxidant effect and can be used as a source of vitamin C when the climate is harsh. Furthermore, the lysozyme and immunoglobulins in camel milk have anti-microbial and immune regulatory properties. The LAB isolated from camel milk have a protective role against both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. Moreover, the LAB can be used as a probiotic and may restore the oxidative status caused by various pathogenic bacterial infections. Various diseases such as cancer and hepatitis have been associated with oxidative stress. Camel milk could increase antiproliferative effects and regulate antioxidant genes during cancer and hepatitis, hence ameliorating oxidative stress. In the current review, we have illustrated the anti-microbial and antioxidant properties of camel milk in detail. In addition, the anti-cancer and anti-hepatitis properties of camel milk have also been discussed.
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16
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Probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditionally prepared dry starters of the Eastern Himalayas. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:7. [PMID: 33392833 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02975-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Himalayan people prepare dry and oval to round-shaped starter cultures to ferment cereals into mild-alcoholic beverages, which contain lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as one of the essential microbiota. There is no report on probiotic characters of LAB isolated from dry starters. Hence, we screened the probiotic and some functional properties of 37 LAB strains isolated from dry starters of the Eastern Himalayas viz. marcha, phab, paa, pee and phut. About 38% of the LAB strains showed high survival rate (> 50%) at pH 3 and 0.3% bile salts. Enterococcus durans BPB21 and SMB7 showed the highest hydrophobicity percentage of 98%. E. durans DMB4 and SMB7 showed maximum cholesterol assimilation activity. About 65% of the LAB strains showed the ability to produce β galactosidase. Majority of the strains showed phytase activity, whereas none of the strain showed amylase activity. About 86% of LAB strains showed an optimum tolerance of 10% ethanol concentration. Genetic screening of some probiotic and functional marker genes have also been analysed. The occurrence of clp L gene, agu A gene (survival of gastrointestinal tract conditions), apf, mub1 and map A gene (adhesion genes) was higher compared to other genes. The occurrence of bsh gene (bile salt tolerance) was detected in Pediococcus pentosaceus SMB13-1 and Enterococcus faecium BPB11. Gene ped B for pediocin with amplicon size of 375 bp was detected in E. durans DMB13 and Pediococcus acidilactici AKB3. Detection of nutritional marker gene rib A and fol P in some strains showed the potential ability to synthesize riboflavin and folic acid. LAB with probiotic and functional properties may be explored for food industry in future.
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17
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Quilodrán-Vega S, Albarracin L, Mansilla F, Arce L, Zhou B, Islam MA, Tomokiyo M, Al Kassaa I, Suda Y, Kitazawa H, Villena J. Functional and Genomic Characterization of Ligilactobacillus salivarius TUCO-L2 Isolated From Lama glama Milk: A Promising Immunobiotic Strain to Combat Infections. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:608752. [PMID: 33363529 PMCID: PMC7752859 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.608752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Potential probiotic or immunobiotic effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from the milk of the South American camelid llama (Lama glama) have not been reported in published studies. The aim of the present work was to isolate beneficial LAB from llama milk that can be used as potential probiotics active against bacterial pathogens. LAB strains were isolated from llama milk samples. In vitro functional characterization of the strains was performed by evaluating the resistance against gastrointestinal conditions and inhibition of the pathogen growth. Additionally, the adhesive and immunomodulatory properties of the strains were assessed. The functional studies were complemented with a comparative genomic evaluation and in vivo studies in mice. Ligilactobacillus salivarius TUCO-L2 showed enhanced probiotic/immunobiotic potential compared to that of other tested strains. The TUCO-L2 strain was resistant to pH and high bile salt concentrations and demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative intestinal pathogens and adhesion to mucins and epithelial cells. L. salivarius TUCO-L2 modulated the innate immune response triggered by Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 activation in intestinal epithelial cells. This effect involved differential regulation of the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines mediated by the modulation of the negative regulators of the TLR signaling pathway. Moreover, the TUCO-L2 strain enhanced the resistance of mice to Salmonella infection. This is the first report on the isolation and characterization of a potential probiotic/immunobiotic strain from llama milk. The in vitro, in vivo, and in silico investigation performed in this study reveals several research directions that are needed to characterize the TUCO-L2 strain in detail to position this strain as a probiotic or immunobiotic that can be used against infections in humans or animals, including llama.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Quilodrán-Vega
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Leonardo Albarracin
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina.,Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Laboratory of Computing Science, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology, Tucuman University, Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Flavia Mansilla
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina.,Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Lorena Arce
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Infection Biology Laboratory, Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO-CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Binghui Zhou
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Md Aminul Islam
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mikado Tomokiyo
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Imad Al Kassaa
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Yoshihito Suda
- Department of Food, Agriculture and Environment, Miyagi University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Haruki Kitazawa
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Julio Villena
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina.,Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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19
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Ng ZJ, Zarin MA, Lee CK, Tan JS. Application of bacteriocins in food preservation and infectious disease treatment for humans and livestock: a review. RSC Adv 2020; 10:38937-38964. [PMID: 35518417 PMCID: PMC9057404 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06161a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by bacteria that can be transmitted via food, livestock and humans are always a concern to the public, as majority of them may cause severe illnesses and death. Antibacterial agents have been investigated for the treatment of bacterial infections. Antibiotics are the most successful antibacterial agents that have been used widely for decades to ease human pain caused by bacterial infections. Nevertheless, the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has raised awareness amongst public about the downside of using antibiotics. The threat of antibiotic resistance to global health, food security and development has been emphasized by the World Health Organization (WHO), and research studies have been focused on alternative antimicrobial agents. Bacteriocin, a natural antimicrobial peptide, has been chosen to replace antibiotics for its application in food preservation and infectious disease treatment for livestock and humans, as it is less toxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Jin Ng
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 Gelugor Pulau Pinang Malaysia +604 6536375 +604 6536376
| | - Mazni Abu Zarin
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 Gelugor Pulau Pinang Malaysia +604 6536375 +604 6536376
| | - Chee Keong Lee
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 Gelugor Pulau Pinang Malaysia +604 6536375 +604 6536376
| | - Joo Shun Tan
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 Gelugor Pulau Pinang Malaysia +604 6536375 +604 6536376
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20
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Rahmeh R, Akbar A, Alonaizi T, Kishk M, Shajan A, Akbar B. Characterization and application of antimicrobials produced by Enterococcus faecium S6 isolated from raw camel milk. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:11106-11115. [PMID: 32981738 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance in the food chain and the consumer's demand for safe food without chemical preservatives have generated much interest in natural antimicrobials. Thus, our main goal was to study the mode of action of the crude extract, the enterocins, and the organic acid produced by a bacteriocinogenic Enterococcus faecium strain S6 previously isolated from raw camel milk. Then, we aimed to evaluate their potential application in a food system. These antimicrobials exhibited antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica, and Escherichia coli. The enterocins were synthesized as primary metabolites beginning at the lag phase, with optimal production at the exponential and stationary phases. The antimicrobials had a direct effect in extending the lag phase of L. monocytogenes, along with a significant inhibitory activity. The organic acid, in particular, inhibited both L. monocytogenes and S. enterica by inducing a total lysis and damage of the cell wall. The enterocins acted on disrupting the cell wall with pore formation, leading to cell death. Moreover, the crude extract revealed a combined inhibitory activity between enterocins and organic acid. Furthermore, the antimicrobials showed promising results through inhibiting L. monocytogenes cells in milk samples up to 1 wk at 4°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Rahmeh
- Biotechnology Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, PO Box 24885 Safat, 13109, Kuwait.
| | - Abrar Akbar
- Biotechnology Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, PO Box 24885 Safat, 13109, Kuwait
| | - Thnayan Alonaizi
- Biotechnology Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, PO Box 24885 Safat, 13109, Kuwait
| | - Mohamed Kishk
- Biotechnology Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, PO Box 24885 Safat, 13109, Kuwait
| | - Anisha Shajan
- Biotechnology Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, PO Box 24885 Safat, 13109, Kuwait
| | - Batool Akbar
- Biotechnology Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, PO Box 24885 Safat, 13109, Kuwait
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Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate numbers, confer health benefit/s on the host, while prebiotics are nondigestible food ingredients that are selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the distal parts of the host digestive tract conferring health benefits. Dairy products manufactured mainly using bovine milk is the major vehicle in delivering probiotics to humans. At present, there is an increasing demand for non-bovine probiotic milk products. Both bovine and non-bovine dairy products contain several ingredients with prebiotic properties such as oligosaccharides that could positively interact with probiotics to alter their functional properties. Furthermore, these bovine and non-bovine products could be fortified with prebiotics from various sources such as inulin and oligofructose in order to provide additional health benefits. In addition, non-bovine milk products are good sources for isolating novel potential probiotics. Non-bovine milk such as goat, sheep, camel and donkey have been used in producing several probiotic products including set-yoghurt, drinking-yoghurt, stirred-yoghurt, ice cream and cheese. Prebiotic inclusions in non-bovine milk at present is mainly associated with goat and sheep milk products. In this context, this chapter focuses on the different types of non-bovine milk products containing probiotics and prebiotics, and product quality and microbiological characteristics with special reference to probiotic viability.
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Kumar R, Sood U, Gupta V, Singh M, Scaria J, Lal R. Recent Advancements in the Development of Modern Probiotics for Restoring Human Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis. Indian J Microbiol 2020; 60:12-25. [PMID: 32089570 PMCID: PMC7000592 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-019-00808-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A healthy gut is predominantly occupied by bacteria which play a vital role in nutrition and health. Any change in normal gut homeostasis imposes gut dysbiosis. So far, efforts have been made to mitigate the gastrointestinal symptoms using modern day probiotics. The majority of the probiotics strains used currently belong to the genera Lactobacillus, Clostridium, Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus. Recent advancements in culturomics by implementing newer techniques coupled with the use of gnotobiotic animal models provide a subtle ground to develop novel host specific probiotics therapies. In this review article, the recent advances in the development of microbe-based therapies which can now be implemented to treat a wide spectrum of diseases have been discussed. However, these probiotics are not classified as drugs and there is a lack of stringent law enforcement to protect the end users against the pseudo-probiotic products. While modern probiotics hold strong promise for the future, more rigorous regulations are needed to develop genuine probiotic products and characterize novel probiotics using the latest research and technology. This article also highlights the possibility of reducing antibiotic usage by utilizing probiotics developed using the latest concepts of syn and ecobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Kumar
- PhiXGen Private Limited, Gurugram, Haryana 122001 India
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD USA
- South Dakota Centre for Biologics Research and Commercialization, Brookings, SD USA
| | - Utkarsh Sood
- PhiXGen Private Limited, Gurugram, Haryana 122001 India
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Vipin Gupta
- PhiXGen Private Limited, Gurugram, Haryana 122001 India
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Mona Singh
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi 110067 India
| | - Joy Scaria
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD USA
- South Dakota Centre for Biologics Research and Commercialization, Brookings, SD USA
| | - Rup Lal
- PhiXGen Private Limited, Gurugram, Haryana 122001 India
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
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Abd El-Razik KA, Ibrahim ES, Younes AM, Arafa AA, Abuelnaga ASM, Hedia RH. Enterococcus faecium isolated from healthy dogs for potential use as probiotics. BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.2213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to isolate and identify enterococci obtained from fresh faecal swabs of 16 healthy dogs. Following molecular identification, all isolates were screened against the most critical virulence factors as well as enterocin (bacteriocin) determinants to confirm that the isolated enterococcus was safe to be used as host-specific probiotic. Enterococcus faecium was isolated and confirmed in 8 out of the 16 samples. Regarding the assessment of the virulence determinants, E. faecium strains were negative for tested (gelE and esp) virulence genes. Furthermore, the genome was evaluated for the incidence of five known enterocin genes by specific PCR amplification. Four strains encoding entAS-48 gene were found, while only one strain harboured the entL50A/B gene. Based on these results, five of the E. faecium isolated in this study were considered as promising probiotic candidates for dogs.
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Romyasamit C, Thatrimontrichai A, Aroonkesorn A, Chanket W, Ingviya N, Saengsuwan P, Singkhamanan K. Enterococcus faecalis Isolated From Infant Feces Inhibits Toxigenic Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:572633. [PMID: 33102409 PMCID: PMC7545477 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.572633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection is implicated as a major cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in hospitals worldwide. Probiotics, especially lactic acid bacteria, are the most frequently used alternative treatment. This study aims to identify potential probiotic enterococci strains that act against C. difficile strains and exert a protective effect on colon adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29 cells). To this end, nine Enterococcus strains isolated from the feces of breast-fed infants were investigated. They were identified as E. faecalis by 16s rRNA sequencing and MALDI-TOF. The probiotic properties including their viabilities in simulated gastrointestinal condition, cell adhesion ability, and their safety were evaluated. All strains exhibited more tolerance toward both pepsin and bile salts and adhered more tightly to HT-29 cells compared with the reference probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14917. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results exhibited that six of nine strains carried at least one virulence determinant gene; however, none exhibited virulence phenotypes or carried transferable antibiotic resistance genes. These strains did not infect Galleria mellonella when compared to pathogenic E. faecalis strain (p < 0.05). Moreover, their antibacterial activities against C. difficile were examined using agar well-diffusion, spore production, and germination tests. The six safe strains inhibited spore germination (100 - 98.20% ± 2.17%) and sporulation, particularly in C. difficile ATCC 630 treated with E. faecalis PK 1302. Furthermore, immunofluorescence assay showed that the cytopathic effects of C. difficile of HT-29 cells were reduced by the treatment with the cell-free supernatant of E. faecalis strains. These strains prevented rounding of HT-29 cells and preserved the F-actin microstructure and tight junctions between adjacent cells, which indicated their ability to reduce the clostridial cytopathic effects. Thus, the study identified six E. faecalis isolates that have anti-C. difficile activity. These could be promising probiotics with potential applications in the prevention of C. difficile colonization and treatment of C. difficile infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonticha Romyasamit
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Anucha Thatrimontrichai
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Aratee Aroonkesorn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Wannarat Chanket
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Natnicha Ingviya
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Phanvasri Saengsuwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Kamonnut Singkhamanan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Kamonnut Singkhamanan
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Amrouche T, Mounier J, Pawtowski A, Thomas F, Picot A. Microbiota Associated with Dromedary Camel Milk from Algerian Sahara. Curr Microbiol 2019; 77:24-31. [PMID: 31655861 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-019-01788-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that camel milk represents a valuable food source, the fungal diversity of raw camel milk has been poorly studied so far. Here, we investigated the fungal and bacterial communities found in dromedary camel milk from Ghardaia, a representative region of Algerian Sahara. The application of both culture-dependent and independent molecular techniques, based on dHPLC analysis and metabarcoding of ITS region, provided a complementary biodiversity assessment of camel milk fungi which was composed of 15 different taxa. Yeast species belonged to Filobasidium, Naganishia, Malassezia, Mrakia, Rhodotorula, and Yarrowia genera; and mold species belonged to Fusarium, Cladosporium, and Penicillium genera. All three techniques revealed that the fungal community was dominated by species belonging to the former genus Cryptococcus (Filobasidium and Naganishia) although none of them was able to encompass the entire fungal diversity alone. In addition, massive parallel 16S rRNA tag sequencing was applied to gain an insight into the diversity of bacterial communities which were dominated by Pseudomonas spp. Our results provide an initial insight about fungal and bacterial population found in dromedary camel milk from Algerian Sahara.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahar Amrouche
- Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Agronomic Sciences, M. Mammeri University, 15000, Tizi Ouzou, Algeria
| | - Jérôme Mounier
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, Univ Brest, 29280, Plouzané, France.
| | - Audrey Pawtowski
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, Univ Brest, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Florian Thomas
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, Univ Brest, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Adeline Picot
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, Univ Brest, 29280, Plouzané, France
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Ben Braïek O, Smaoui S. Enterococci: Between Emerging Pathogens and Potential Probiotics. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5938210. [PMID: 31240218 PMCID: PMC6556247 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5938210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Enterococci are ubiquitous microorganisms that could be found everywhere; in water, plant, soil, foods, and gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. They were previously used as starters in food fermentation due to their biotechnological traits (enzymatic and proteolytic activities) or protective cultures in food biopreservation due to their produced antimicrobial bacteriocins called enterocins or as probiotics, live cells with different beneficial characteristics such as stimulation of immunity, anti-inflammatory activity, hypocholesterolemic effect, and prevention/treatment of some diseases. However, in the last years, the use of enterococci in foods or as probiotics caused an important debate because of their opportunistic pathogenicity implicated in several nosocomial infections due to virulence factors and antibiotic resistance, particularly the emergence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. These virulence traits of some enterococci are associated with genetic transfer mechanisms. Therefore, the development of new enterococcal probiotics needs a strict assessment with regard to safety aspects for selecting the truly harmless enterococcal strains for safe applications. This review tries to give some data of the different points of view about this question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Ben Braïek
- Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances (LR99ES27), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Slim Smaoui
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Biomolecules of the Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Tunisia
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27
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Rahmeh R, Akbar A, Kishk M, Al-Onaizi T, Al-Azmi A, Al-Shatti A, Shajan A, Al-Mutairi S, Akbar B. Distribution and antimicrobial activity of lactic acid bacteria from raw camel milk. New Microbes New Infect 2019; 30:100560. [PMID: 31193267 PMCID: PMC6522851 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2019.100560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumer demand for natural pathogen-control agents for substitution of synthetic food preservatives and traditional antibiotics is increasing. This study aimed to reveal the distribution of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in raw camel milk and to characterize their antimicrobial traits. The genetic identification by 16S rRNA sequencing of 58 LAB isolates showed the predominance of Enterococcus (24.2%), Lactococcus (22.4%) and Pediococcus (20.7%) genera in raw camel milk. These genera exhibited inhibitory activity against a broad spectrum of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including multidrug-resistant Salmonella. Among these LAB, two isolates-identified as Pediococcus pentosaceus CM16 and Lactobacillus brevis CM22-were selected for their strong bacteriocinogenic anti-listerial activity estimated at 1600 and 800 AU/mL, respectively. The bacteriocins produced were partially purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation and gel filtration and then biochemically characterized. The proteinaceous nature of bacteriocins was confirmed by the susceptibility to enzymes. These bacteriocins showed significant technological characteristics such as heat-resistance, and stability over a wide range of pH (2.0-10.0). In conclusion, these results indicated that Pediococcus pentosaceus CM16 and Lactobacillus brevis CM22 could be useful as potential probiotics. Moreover, their partially purified bacteriocins may play an important role as food preservatives and feed additives. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the distribution of LAB population in raw camel milk and the characterization of their bacteriocins from the Arabian Peninsula of western Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rahmeh
- Biotechnology Programme, Environment & Life Sciences Research Centre, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat, Kuwait
| | - A Akbar
- Biotechnology Programme, Environment & Life Sciences Research Centre, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat, Kuwait
| | - M Kishk
- Biotechnology Programme, Environment & Life Sciences Research Centre, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat, Kuwait
| | - T Al-Onaizi
- Biotechnology Programme, Environment & Life Sciences Research Centre, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat, Kuwait
| | - A Al-Azmi
- Biotechnology Programme, Environment & Life Sciences Research Centre, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat, Kuwait
| | - A Al-Shatti
- Biotechnology Programme, Environment & Life Sciences Research Centre, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat, Kuwait
| | - A Shajan
- Biotechnology Programme, Environment & Life Sciences Research Centre, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat, Kuwait
| | - S Al-Mutairi
- Biotechnology Programme, Environment & Life Sciences Research Centre, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat, Kuwait
| | - B Akbar
- Biotechnology Programme, Environment & Life Sciences Research Centre, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat, Kuwait
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Cavicchioli VQ, Todorov SD, Iliev I, Ivanova I, Drider D, Nero LA. Physiological and molecular insights of bacteriocin production by Enterococcus hirae ST57ACC from Brazilian artisanal cheese. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 50:369-377. [PMID: 30852798 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00068-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacteriocinogenic Enterococcus hirae ST57ACC recently isolated from a Brazilian artisanal cheese was subjected here to additional analyses in order to evaluate its bacteriocin production and the potential influence of ABC transporter system in its expression. Besides these physiological and molecular aspects, the bacteriocin was evaluated for its cytotoxicity against HT-29. Differences in the inoculum size had no impact on the growth of E. hirae ST57ACC; however, the bacteriocin was only produced after 9 h of growth when the strain was inoculated at 5% or 10% (v/v), with similar levels of bacteriocin production obtained by both conventional growth and batch fermentation. Furthermore, potential expression of ABC transporters corresponding to the bacteriocin transport and sugar metabolism was identified. In terms of adverse effects, when a semi-purified fraction of the bacteriocin and the cell-free supernatant were tested against HT-29, total cell viability was similar to observed on untreated cells, indicating the absence of cytotoxic effect. Based on the obtained results, E. hirae ST57ACC can produce its bacteriocin at industrial level by using bioreactors, its bacteriocin expression is potentially influenced by the ABC transporter system, and no cytotoxic effects were observed on HT-29 cells, indicating its potential use as a bio-preservative.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Svetoslav Dimitrov Todorov
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus UFV, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ilia Iliev
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Plovdiv University, 4 Tzar Asen Str, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Iskra Ivanova
- Department of General and Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 8 Dragan Tzankov Blvd., 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Djamel Drider
- Université de Lille, INRA, Université d'Artois, Université du Littoral-Côte d'Opale, EA 7394-ICV-Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Luís Augusto Nero
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus UFV, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil.
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29
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Sorbara MT, Pamer EG. Interbacterial mechanisms of colonization resistance and the strategies pathogens use to overcome them. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:1-9. [PMID: 29988120 PMCID: PMC6312114 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0053-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The communities of bacteria that reside in the intestinal tract are in constant competition within this dynamic and densely colonized environment. At homeostasis, the equilibrium that exists between these species and strains is shaped by their metabolism and also by pathways of active antagonism, which drive competition with related and unrelated strains. Importantly, these normal activities contribute to colonization resistance by the healthy microbiota, which includes the ability to prevent the expansion of potential pathogens. Disruption of the microbiota, resulting from, for example, inflammation or antibiotic use, can reduce colonization resistance. Pathogens that engraft following disruption of the microbiota are often adapted to expand into newly created niches and compete in an altered gut environment. In this review, we examine both the interbacterial mechanisms of colonization resistance and the strategies of pathogenic strains to exploit gaps in colonization resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Sorbara
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Eric G. Pamer
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Center for Microbes, Inflammation and Cancer, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Indira M, Venkateswarulu T, Vidya Prabhakar K, Abraham Peele K, Krupanidhi S. Isolation and characterization of bacteriocin producing Enterococcus casseliflavus and its antagonistic effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. KARBALA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kijoms.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Abanoz HS, Kunduhoglu B. Antimicrobial Activity of a Bacteriocin Produced by Enterococcus faecalis KT11 against Some Pathogens and Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2018; 38:1064-1079. [PMID: 30479512 PMCID: PMC6238024 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2018.e40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the antimicrobial activity of a bacteriocin produced by Enterococcus faecalis KT11, isolated from traditional Kargı Tulum cheese, was determined, and bacteriocin KT11 was partially characterized. The results showed that bacteriocin KT11 was antagonistically effective against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative test bacteria, including vancomycin- and/or methicillin-resistant bacteria. The activity of bacteriocin KT11 was completely abolished after treatment with proteolytic enzymes (proteinase K, α-chymotrypsin, protease and trypsin), which demonstrates the proteinaceous nature of this bacteriocin. Additionally, bacteriocin KT11 remained stable at pH values ranging from 2 to 11 and after autoclaving at 121℃ for 30 min. In addition, the activity of bacteriocin KT11 was stable after treatment with several surfactants (EDTA, SDS, Triton X-100, Tween 80 and urea) and organic solvents (chloroform, propanol, methanol, ethyl alcohol, acetone, hexane and ethyl ether). Cell-free supernatant of E. faecalis KT11 was subjected to ammonium sulfate precipitation and then desalted by using a 3.5-kDa cut-off dialysis membrane. The bacteriocin activity was determined to be 711 AU/mL in the dialysate. After tricine-SDS-PAGE analysis, one peptide band, which had a molecular weight of ~3.5 kDa, exhibited antimicrobial activity. Because the bacteriocin KT11, isolated from E. faecalis KT11, exhibits a broad antimicrobial spectrum, heat stability and stability over a wide pH range, this bacteriocin can be used as a potential bio-preservative in foods. Additionally, bacteriocin KT11 alone or in combination with conventional antibiotics may provide a therapeutic option for the treatment of multidrug-resistant clinical pathogens after further in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Seval Abanoz
- Institute of Science, University of
Eskişehir Osmangazi, 26480 Eskişehir,
Turkey
| | - Buket Kunduhoglu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts,
University of Eskişehir Osmangazi,
26480 Eskişehir, Turkey
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32
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Hanchi H, Mottawea W, Sebei K, Hammami R. The Genus Enterococcus: Between Probiotic Potential and Safety Concerns-An Update. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1791. [PMID: 30123208 PMCID: PMC6085487 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A considerable number of strains belonging to different species of Enterococcus are highly competitive due to their resistance to wide range of pH and temperature. Their competitiveness is also owed to their ability to produce bacteriocins recognized for their wide-range effectiveness on pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. Enterococcal bacteriocins have attracted great research interest as natural antimicrobial agents in the food industry, and as a potential drug candidate for replacing antibiotics in order to treat multiple drugs resistance pathogens. However, the prevalence of virulence factors and antibiotic-resistance genes and the ability to cause disease could compromise their application in food, human and animal health. From the current regulatory point of view, the genus Enterococcus is neither recommended for the QPS list nor have GRAS status. Although recent advances in molecular biology and the recommended methods for the safety evaluation of Enterococcus strains allowed the distinction between commensal and clinical clades, development of highly adapted methods and legislations are still required. In the present review, we evaluate some aspects of Enterococcus spp. related to their probiotic properties and safety concerns as well as the current and potential application in food systems and treatment of infections. The regulatory status of commensal Enterococcus candidates for food, feed, probiotic use, and recommended methods to assess and ensure their safety are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasna Hanchi
- Nutraceuticals and Functional Proteomics Potential of Biodiversity in Tunisia, Higher Institute of Applied Biological Sciences of Tunis (ISSBAT), University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Walid Mottawea
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Khaled Sebei
- Nutraceuticals and Functional Proteomics Potential of Biodiversity in Tunisia, Higher Institute of Applied Biological Sciences of Tunis (ISSBAT), University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Hammami
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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33
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Yi L, Luo L, Lü X. Efficient Exploitation of Multiple Novel Bacteriocins by Combination of Complete Genome and Peptidome. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1567. [PMID: 30057579 PMCID: PMC6053492 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgroud: The growing emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens including the most dangerous superbugs requires quick discovery of novel antibiotics/biopreservatives for human health and food safety. Bacteriocins, a subgroup of antimicrobial peptides, have been considered as promising alternatives to antibiotics. Abundant novel bacteriocins are stored in genome sequences of lactic acid bacteria. However, discovery of novel bacteriocins still mainly relies on dubious traditional purification with low efficiency. Moreover, sequence alignment is invalid for novel bacteriocins which have no homology to known bacteriocins in databases. Therefore, an efficient, simple, universal, and time-saving method was needed to discover novel bacteriocins. Methods and Results: Crude bacteriocins from both cell-related and culture supernatant of Lactobacillus crustorum MN047 fermentation were applied to LC-MS/MS for peptidome assay, by which 131 extracellular peptides or proteins were identified in the complete genome sequence of L. crustorum MN047. Further, the genes of suspected bacteriocins were verified by expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) pLysS. Thereafter, eight novel bacteriocins and two nonribosomal antimicrobial peptides were identified to be broad-spectrum activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including some multidrug-resistant strains. Among them, BM1556 located within predicted bacteriocin gene cluster. The most active bacteriocin BM1122 had low MIC values of 13.7 mg/L against both Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213 and E. coli ATCC25922. The BM1122 had bactericidal action mode by biofilm-destruction, pore-formation, and membrane permeability change. Conclusions: The combination of complete genome and peptidome is a valid approach for quick discovery of novel bacteriocins without/with-low homology to known ones. This method will contribute to deep exploitation of novel bacteriocins in genome of bacteria submitted to GenBank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanhua Yi
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Lingli Luo
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xin Lü
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Rahmeh R, Akbar A, Kishk M, Al Onaizi T, Al-Shatti A, Shajan A, Akbar B, Al-Mutairi S, Yateem A. Characterization of semipurified enterocins produced by Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from raw camel milk. J Dairy Sci 2018. [PMID: 29525307 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Food safety has become an issue of great interest worldwide. Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen that causes listeriosis and is difficult to control in the dairy industry. The use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their antimicrobial substances against Listeria is promising in food applications. Here, we report the isolation from raw camel milk of LAB displaying antilisterial activity. Two isolates were selected for their secretion of bacteriocin(s) and identified by 16S rRNA sequencing as Enterococcus faecium S6 and R9. The produced bacteriocins were partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and then biochemically characterized. Antimicrobial activity was estimated to be 6,400 and 400 AU (arbitrary units)/mL for E. faecium S6 and R9, respectively. The proteinaceous nature of the bacteriocins was confirmed via enzymatic reactions. Moreover, lipolytic and glycolytic enzymes completely inactivated the antimicrobial effect of the bacteriocins. These bacteriocins were heat-resistant and stable over a wide range of pH (2.0 to 10.0). To confirm its inactivation by lipolytic and glycolytic enzymes, the bacteriocin of E. faecium S6 was further purified by gel filtration, which suggested the existence of carbohydrate and lipid moieties. In addition, enterocin-coding genes were identified by PCR, showing DNA fragments corresponding in size to enterocins A, B, and P for E. faecium S6 and to enterocins B and P for E. faecium R9. In conclusion, these results indicate that partially purified bacteriocins from E. faecium S6 and R9 may be beneficial in controlling Listeria in the dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Rahmeh
- Biotechnology Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, PO Box 24885, Safat, 13109 Kuwait.
| | - Abrar Akbar
- Biotechnology Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, PO Box 24885, Safat, 13109 Kuwait
| | - Mohamed Kishk
- Biotechnology Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, PO Box 24885, Safat, 13109 Kuwait
| | - Thanyan Al Onaizi
- Biotechnology Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, PO Box 24885, Safat, 13109 Kuwait
| | - Aisha Al-Shatti
- Biotechnology Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, PO Box 24885, Safat, 13109 Kuwait
| | - Anisha Shajan
- Biotechnology Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, PO Box 24885, Safat, 13109 Kuwait
| | - Batool Akbar
- Biotechnology Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, PO Box 24885, Safat, 13109 Kuwait
| | - Salwa Al-Mutairi
- Biotechnology Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, PO Box 24885, Safat, 13109 Kuwait
| | - Awatef Yateem
- Biotechnology Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, PO Box 24885, Safat, 13109 Kuwait
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