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Chatterjee R, Chowdhury AR, Nair AV, Hajra D, Kar A, Datey A, Shankar S, Mishra RK, Chandra N, Chakravortty D. Salmonella Typhimurium PgtE is an essential arsenal to defend against the host resident antimicrobial peptides. Microbiol Res 2023; 271:127351. [PMID: 36931126 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a common cause of gastroenteritis in humans and occasionally causes systemic infection. Salmonella's ability to survive and replicate within macrophages is an important characteristic during systemic infection. The outer membrane protease PgtE of S. enterica is a member of the Omptin family of outer membrane aspartate proteases which has well-characterized proteolytic activities in-vitro against a wide range of physiologically relevant substrates. However, no study has been done so far that draws a direct correlation between these in-vitro observations and the biology of the pathogen in-vivo. The main goals of this study were to characterize the pathogenesis-associated functions of pgtE and study its role in the intracellular survival and in-vivo virulence of Salmonella Typhimurium. Our study elucidated a possible role of Salmonella Typhimurium pgtE in combating host antimicrobial peptide- bactericidal/ permeability increasing protein (BPI) to survive in human macrophages. The pgtE-deficient strain of Salmonella showed attenuated proliferation and enhanced colocalization with BPI in U937 and Thp1 cells. In the presence of polymixin B, the attenuated in-vitro survival of STM ΔpgtE suggested a role of PgtE against the antimicrobial peptides. In addition, our study revealed that compared to the wild type Salmonella, the pgtE mutant is replication-deficient in C57BL/6 mice. Further, we showed that PgtE interacts directly with several antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in the host gut. This gives the pathogen a survival advantage and helps to mount a successful infection in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Chatterjee
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Atish Roy Chowdhury
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Abhilash Vijay Nair
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Dipasree Hajra
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Arpita Kar
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Akshay Datey
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Santhosh Shankar
- Department of Biochemistry, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Rishi Kumar Mishra
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Nagasuma Chandra
- Department of Biochemistry, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Dipshikha Chakravortty
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India; Adjunct Faculty, Indian Institute of Science Research and Education, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
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2
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Zhang X, Liu H, Hashimoto K, Yuan S, Zhang J. The gut–liver axis in sepsis: interaction mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Crit Care 2022; 26:213. [PMID: 35831877 PMCID: PMC9277879 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-022-04090-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a potentially fatal condition caused by dysregulation of the body's immune response to an infection. Sepsis-induced liver injury is considered a strong independent prognosticator of death in the critical care unit, and there is anatomic and accumulating epidemiologic evidence that demonstrates intimate cross talk between the gut and the liver. Intestinal barrier disruption and gut microbiota dysbiosis during sepsis result in translocation of intestinal pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns into the liver and systemic circulation. The liver is essential for regulating immune defense during systemic infections via mechanisms such as bacterial clearance, lipopolysaccharide detoxification, cytokine and acute-phase protein release, and inflammation metabolic regulation. When an inappropriate immune response or overwhelming inflammation occurs in the liver, the impaired capacity for pathogen clearance and hepatic metabolic disturbance can result in further impairment of the intestinal barrier and increased disruption of the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota. Therefore, interaction between the gut and liver is a potential therapeutic target. This review outlines the intimate gut–liver cross talk (gut–liver axis) in sepsis.
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3
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Scanu A, Luisetto R, Oliviero F, Galuppini F, Lazzarin V, Pennelli G, Masiero S, Punzi L. Bactericidal/Permeability-Increasing Protein Downregulates the Inflammatory Response in In Vivo Models of Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113066. [PMID: 36361854 PMCID: PMC9656099 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) alone or in combination with hyaluronic acid (HA) in two animal models: collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and crystal-induced inflammation. In CIA, mice were intraperitoneally injected with PBS, HA, or BPI plus or minus HA, twice a week for 2 months, and then euthanized to collect paw and blood. Arthritis was assessed in ankle joints by clinical and histological evaluation. Pathogenic crystals were intraperitoneally injected in mice plus or minus BPI, or with a composition of BPI and HA. After sacrifice, total and differential leukocyte counts were determined. Cytokine levels were measured in serum and peritoneal fluids. In CIA mice, BPI improved clinical and histological outcomes (histological scores ≥2-fold), and downregulated inflammatory mediators (47–93%). In crystal-induced inflammation, BPI reduced leukocyte infiltration (total count: ≥60%; polymorphonuclear cells: ≥36%) and inhibited cytokine production (35–74%). In both models, when mice were co-treated with BPI and HA, the improvement of all parameters was greater than that observed after administration of the two substances alone. Results show that BPI attenuates CIA and inflammation in mice, and this effect is enhanced by HA co-administration. Combined use of BPI and HA represents an interesting perspective for new potential treatments in arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Scanu
- Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Neuroscience—DNS, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Roberto Luisetto
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology—DISCOG, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Oliviero
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Galuppini
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Vanni Lazzarin
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Gianmaria Pennelli
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Masiero
- Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Neuroscience—DNS, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Leonardo Punzi
- Centre for Gout and Metabolic Bone and Joint Diseases, Rheumatology, SS Giovanni and Paolo Hospital, 30122 Venice, Italy
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Pérez-Hernández EG, Delgado-Coello B, Luna-Reyes I, Mas-Oliva J. New insights into lipopolysaccharide inactivation mechanisms in sepsis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111890. [PMID: 34229252 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex pathophysiology of sepsis makes it a syndrome with limited therapeutic options and a high mortality rate. Gram-negative bacteria containing lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in their outer membrane correspond to the most common cause of sepsis. Since the gut is considered an important source of LPS, intestinal damage has been considered a cause and a consequence of sepsis. Although important in the maintenance of the intestinal epithelial cell homeostasis, the microbiota has been considered a source of LPS. Recent studies have started to shed light on how sepsis is triggered by dysbiosis, and an increased inflammatory state of the intestinal epithelial cells, expanding the understanding of the gut-liver axis in sepsis. Here, we review the gut-liver interaction in Gram-negative sepsis, exploring the mechanisms of LPS inactivation, including the recently described contribution of an isoform of the cholesteryl-ester transfer protein (CETPI). Although several key questions remain to be answered when the pathophysiology of sepsis is reviewed, new contributions coming to light exploring the way LPS might be inactivated in vivo, suggest that new applications might soon reach the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blanca Delgado-Coello
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ismael Luna-Reyes
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jaime Mas-Oliva
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico.
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Nazeer N, Uribe-Diaz S, Rodriguez-Lecompte JC, Ahmed M. Antimicrobial peptides as an alternative to relieve antimicrobial growth promoters in poultry. Br Poult Sci 2021; 62:672-685. [PMID: 33908289 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2021.1919993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
1. This review describes different classes of antimicrobial peptides (AMP) found in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of avian species, and their antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities. The potential benefits of synthetic AMP in poultry production are examined, in the context of the use of AMP as alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters (AGP).2. Since the mid-1950s, antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) have been used in feed at low prophylactic doses to modulate the homoeostasis of intestinal microbiota, decreasing the risk of intestinal dysbacteriosis and the growth of pathogens within the avian gut. Over the last three decades, AGP have faced major regulatory restrictions due to concerns of generating antimicrobial resistance (AMR). It is now well documented that the rate of infectious disease outbreaks is higher in flocks that are not fed prophylactic antibiotics, resulting in a compensatory increase in antimicrobial use for therapeutic purposes.3. Endogenous natural AMP production is associated with the presence of microbiota and their interaction with the intestinal epithelial and lamina propria lymphoid cells. Their antimicrobial activity shapes the beneficial microbiota population and controls intestinal pathogens such Clostridium and Salmonella spp., and stimulates the development and maturation of the local immune system.4. Similar to AGP, AMP can establish a well-balanced gut beneficial microbiota for adequate immune-competence, animal health and high growth performance parameters such as feed intake, daily weight, feed conversion and accumulated mortality.5. Antimicrobial proteins and peptides constitute an essential part of the innate immune system of all organisms and protect the host from invading pathogenic bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites by interacting with the negatively charged pathogen membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nazeer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada
| | - S Uribe-Diaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada.,Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada
| | | | - M Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada
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6
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Kong Q, Lv Z, Kang Y, An Y, Liu Z, Zhang J. Bactericidal Permeability Increasing Protein Deficiency Aggravates Acute Colitis in Mice by Increasing the Serum Levels of Lipopolysaccharide. Front Immunol 2021; 11:614169. [PMID: 33552078 PMCID: PMC7858664 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.614169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to understand the role of bactericidal permeability increasing protein (BPI) in the pathogenesis of experimental murine colitis. Methods We used the Cre-LoxP system to generate BPI knockout (BPI KO) mice. Acute colitis was induced in BPI KO mice and wild-type (WT) mice by subjecting the mice to 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Mice were observed for symptoms of experimental colitis. The survival of BPI KO mice to infection with Acinetobacter baumannii, a gram-negative bacterium, was also assessed. Results Southern blot, RT-PCR, and western blot results showed that the 2nd and 3rd exons of the murine Bpi gene were knocked out systemically, confirming successful construction of the BPI KO mouse. BPI KO mice subjected to DSS showed increased symptoms of experimental colitis, increased colonic mucosal damage, increased epithelial permeability, elevated levels of serum LPS, and a disrupted fecal microbiome as compared with WT mice. Furthermore, BPI KO mice challenged intraperitoneally with A. baumannii died sooner than WT mice, and the total number of bacteria in the abdominal cavity, spleen, and liver was increased in BPI KO mice as compared to WT mice. Conclusions We successfully generated BPI KO mice. The BPI KO mice developed worse colitis than WT mice by increased colitis symptoms and colonic mucosal damage, elevated levels of serum LPS, and a disrupted microbiome. BPI could be a potential target for treatment of ulcerative colitis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingli Kong
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Lv
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Kang
- Department of Research and Development, NVSI National Vaccine and Serum Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yunqing An
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenlong Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Immunology, CAMS Key Laboratory for T cell and Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing, China
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7
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Huang S, Wu Z, Yuan X, Li N, Li T, Wang J, Levesque CL, Feng C. Transcriptome Differences Suggest Novel Mechanisms for Intrauterine Growth Restriction Mediated Dysfunction in Small Intestine of Neonatal Piglets. Front Physiol 2020; 11:561. [PMID: 32655399 PMCID: PMC7324767 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired intestinal function is frequently detected in newborns with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), whereas the mechanism between transcriptome profiles and small intestinal dysfunction is still unclear. Therefore, this study was conducted by using IUGR neonatal piglets to uncover the mechanism underlying intestinal dysfunction. Neonatal piglets with IUGR and normal birth weight (NBW) were sacrificed at birth. Transcriptomic sequencing was performed on jejunum samples and generated 18,997 and 17,531 genes in NBW and IUGR groups, respectively. A total of 10 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified; of note, only seven were mapped to the genome reference database, with two up-regulated (HSF4 and NR1H4; heat shock transcription factor 4 and nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4, respectively) and five down-regulated (SLC35C1, BTNL3, BPI, NLRP6, and SLC5A8; Solute carrier family 35 member C1, butyrophilin like 3, bactericidal permeability increasing protein, NLR family pyrin domain containing 6, and solute carrier family 5 member 8, respectively). Combining an enrichment analysis and reverse transcriptase–quantitative polymerase chain reaction validation of DEGs, our results proved the lipid metabolism disorder, intestinal dysfunction, and inflammatory response in IUGR piglets. Here, IUGR piglets presented lower concentration of glucose and triglyceride and higher concentration of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, compared with NBW piglets. Histological analysis revealed decreased mucins and increased apoptosis in both jejunum and ileum for IUGR piglets. Collectively, we found that IUGR induced intestinal dysfunction by altering lipid metabolism, intestinal barrier, and inflammatory response in neonatal piglets at birth, which provides new insights into the prevention and treatment of IUGR that protects against metabolic disorders and inflammatory-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimeng Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiongkun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Crystal L Levesque
- Department of Animal Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Cuiping Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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8
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Jiang C, Lin W, Wang L, Lv Y, Song Y, Chen X, Yang H. Fushen Granule, A Traditional Chinese Medicine, ameliorates intestinal mucosal dysfunction in peritoneal dialysis rat model by regulating p38MAPK signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 251:112501. [PMID: 31877365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fushen Granule (FSG) is a Chinese medicinal formular prepared in hospital to treat intestinal mucosal dysfunction induced by peritoneal dialysis (PD). However, the mechanisms of this formular has not been studied yet. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was designed to investigate the effect of FSG against intestinal dysfunction during PD treatment and explore the potential mechanisms using a rat PD model. METHODS AND METHODS In the present study, the effect of FSG on improving intestinal mucosal architecture injury was intuitively shown by hematoxylin-eosin staining, the serum levels of DAO and D-lactate were measured to evaluate the intestinal permeability by the DAO Assay Kit and D-Lactic Acid ELISA Kit. The expression of the intestinal mucosal barrier related inflammation factor by real-time PCR. The main effective constituents of FSG were characterized by UPLC/Q-TOF analysis, and the targets and pathways of the constituents were predicted via TCMSP database and IPA. the activation of p38MAPK signaling pathway by western blotting. RESULTS HE staining results showed that FSG protected against intestinal mucosal injury in pathology in PD rats. FSG decreased the intestinal mucosal permeability by increasing the transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) level and decreasing the intestinal clearance of fluorescein-isothiocyanate dextran (FD4) and the level of D-lactate and diamine oxidase (DAO). FSG significantly decreased the expression of ICAM-1, IL-1β, iNOS and TNF-α, and further inhibited the activation of p38MAPK signaling pathway via down-regulating the expression of P-p38MAPK and up-regulating the expression of DUSP1, occludin, and ZO-1. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that FSG ameliorated intestinal mucosal dysfunction in PD by decreasing expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibiting the activation of p38MAPK signaling pathway. The results provide a promising basis for the alternative medicine treatment of intestinal mucosal dysfunction in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Lingyun Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Yang Lv
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Hongtao Yang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China.
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9
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Kaldhone PR, Carlton A, Aljahdali N, Khajanchi BK, Sanad YM, Han J, Deck J, Ricke SC, Foley SL. Evaluation of Incompatibility Group I1 (IncI1) Plasmid-Containing Salmonella enterica and Assessment of the Plasmids in Bacteriocin Production and Biofilm Development. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:298. [PMID: 31552285 PMCID: PMC6743044 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mobile genetic elements, such as plasmids, can potentially increase the ability of bacteria to infect and persist in vertebrate host cells. IncI1 plasmids are widely distributed in Salmonella from food animal sources and associated with clinically important strains. These plasmids often encode antimicrobial resistance; however, little is known about their impact on the virulence of Salmonella strains. To assess the potential impact of the plasmids on virulence, 43 IncI1-positive Salmonella isolates from human and animal sources were subjected to whole genome sequence (WGS) analyses and evaluated for their abilities to invade and persist for 48 h in Caco-2 human intestinal epithelial cells, form biofilms and encode bacteriocins. Draft WGS data were submitted to predict the presence of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes, plasmid replicon types present, conduct plasmid multilocus sequence typing (pMLST), and core genome MLST (cgMLST) in the isolates. Caco-2 cells were infected with Salmonella strains and incubated for both one and 48 h for the invasion and persistence assays, respectively. Additionally, Salmonella isolates and IncI1 plasmid carrying transconjugants (n = 12) generated in Escherichia coli were assessed for their ability to produce biofilms and bacteriocin inhibition of growth of other bacteria. All Salmonella isolates infected Caco-2 cells and persisted in the cells at 48 hrs. Persistent cell counts were observed to be significantly higher than invasion assay cell counts in 26% of the isolates. Among the IncI1 plasmids, there were 18 pMLST types. Nearly 35% (n = 15) of Salmonella isolates produced biofilms; however, none of the IncI1-positive transconjugants produced increased biofilms compared to the recipient. Approximately 65% (n = 28) of isolates and 67% (n = 8) of IncI1-positive transconjugants were able to inhibit growth of at least one E. coli strain; however, none inhibited the growth of strains from species other than E. coli. The study characterized IncI1 positive Salmonella isolates and provided evidence about the potential contributions of IncI1 plasmids virulence phenotypes and areas where they do not. These findings should allow for more focused efforts to assess the impact of plasmids on bacterial pathophysiology and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin R Kaldhone
- Division of Microbiology, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, United States.,Center for Food Safety and Food Science Department, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Ashlyn Carlton
- Division of Microbiology, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, United States.,Department of Agriculture, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR, United States
| | - Nesreen Aljahdali
- Division of Microbiology, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bijay K Khajanchi
- Division of Microbiology, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, United States
| | - Yasser M Sanad
- Division of Microbiology, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, United States.,Department of Agriculture, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR, United States.,Veterinary Research Division, Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Jing Han
- Division of Microbiology, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, United States
| | - Joanna Deck
- Division of Microbiology, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, United States
| | - Steven C Ricke
- Center for Food Safety and Food Science Department, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Steven L Foley
- Division of Microbiology, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, United States.,Center for Food Safety and Food Science Department, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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10
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Tian Y, Zeng T, Tan L, Wu Y, Yu J, Huang J, Pei Z. Clinical significance of BPI-ANCA detecting in COPD patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 33:e22908. [PMID: 31106488 PMCID: PMC6642326 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies against neutrophil granule bactericidal/permeability‐increasing protein (BPI‐ANCA) has been found in many inflammatory diseases, such as COPD, which can reduce the killing effect of BPI on Gram‐negative bacteria. This study was aimed to assess the clinical significance of BPI‐ANCA detecting in COPD patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P aeruginosa) colonization. Methods A total of 216 COPD patients with lung P aeruginosa colonization, 244 patients with P aeruginosa infection from June 2015 to June 2018, and 100 healthy individuals were included. Serum BPI‐ANCA, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, and interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐1β levels were detected by ELISA, and the lung function of the patients was measured at stable clinical stages. Patients with COPD were grouped according to BPI‐ANCA detection and GOLD criteria, and serum TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐1β levels and indices reflecting lung function were compared and analyzed between groups. Results Positive rate of BPI‐ANCA in COPD patients with P aeruginosa colonization was 48.15%; and compared with BPI‐ANCA(‐) group, FEV1%pred and FEV1/FVC(%) in BPI‐ANCA(+) patients were significantly decreased, while TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐1β levels were elevated. There were 31.73% and 36.54% BPI‐ANCA(+) patients with severe and very severe airflow limitation, respectively, which was significantly higher than that in the BPI‐ANCA(‐) group. FEV1%pred and FEV1/FVC(%) were negatively correlated with TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐1β, and NEU%. C‐reactive protein (CRP) was negatively correlated with FEV1%pred, yet not significantly correlated with FEV1/FVC(%). Conclusion BPI‐ANCA positivity is associated with inflammatory status in COPD patients with pulmonary P aeruginosa colonization and can be used as a potential biomarker assessing disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Tian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tingting Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Liming Tan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianlin Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiayi Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zihuang Pei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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11
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Shteinberg M, Shah A, Elborn JS. New insights into immunological responses to infection in bronchiectasis. Eur Respir J 2019; 53:53/2/1802395. [PMID: 30759421 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02395-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Shteinberg
- Pulmonology Institute and CF Center, Carmel Medical Center and the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, the B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel.,Both authors contributed equally to the manuscript
| | - Anand Shah
- Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London, UK.,Both authors contributed equally to the manuscript
| | - J Stuart Elborn
- Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London, UK
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Karmakar K, Nath U, Nataraja KN, Chakravortty D. Root mediated uptake of Salmonella is different from phyto-pathogen and associated with the colonization of edible organs. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:344. [PMID: 30537948 PMCID: PMC6290541 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1578-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-harvest contamination of fruits and vegetables by Salmonella in fields is one of the causes of food-borne outbreaks. Natural openings like stomata, hydathodes and fruit cracks are known to serve as entry points. While there are reports indicating that Salmonella colonize and enter root through lateral root emerging area, further investigations regarding how the accessibility of Salmonella to lateral root is different from phyto-pathogenic bacteria, the efficacy of lateral root to facilitate entry have remained unexplored. In this study we attempted to investigate the lateral root mediated entry of Salmonella, and to bridge this gap in knowledge. RESULTS Unlike phytopathogens, Salmonella cannot utilize cellulose as the sole carbon source. This negates the fact of active entry by degrading plant cellulose and pectin. Endophytic Salmonella colonization showed a high correlation with number of lateral roots. When given equal opportunity to colonize the plants with high or low lateral roots, Salmonella internalization was found higher in the plants with more lateral roots. However, the epiphytic colonization in both these plants remained unaltered. To understand the ecological significance, we induced lateral root production by increasing soil salinity which made the plants susceptible to Salmonella invasion and the plants showed higher Salmonella burden in the aerial organs. CONCLUSION Salmonella, being unable to degrade plant cell wall material relies heavily on natural openings. Therefore, its invasion is highly dependent on the number of lateral roots which provides an entry point because of the epidermis remodeling. Thus, when number of lateral root was enhanced by increasing the soil salinity, plants became susceptible to Salmonella invasion in roots and its transmission to aerial organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapudeep Karmakar
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012 India
| | - Utpal Nath
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012 India
| | - Karaba N. Nataraja
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Science, GKVK, Bangalore, 560065 India
| | - Dipshikha Chakravortty
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012 India
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012 India
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KH-type splicing regulatory protein is regulated by nuclear factor-κB signaling to mediate innate immunity in Caco-2 cells infected by Salmonella enteritidis. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2018; 63:669-676. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-018-0606-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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