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Wu Y, Liu S, Liu Z, Liu B, Du B, Tong Z, Xu J. A new method for quantitative analysis of M13 bacteriophage by atomic force microscopy. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2022; 7:1066-1072. [PMID: 35891946 PMCID: PMC9293941 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative analysis is essential for virus research, especially in determining the virus titer. The classical method plaque assay is time-consuming, complex, and difficult for the phages that cannot form apparent plaque on the solid medium. In order to realize rapid and effective detection, a new method combining atomic force microscopy (AFM) observation and mathematical calculation is established. In this research, M13 phages with an appropriate dilution ratio were observed and counted by AFM. Based on the counting results, the titer of M13 phages can be calculated simply through mathematical substitution. Instead of cultivating overnight in plaque assay, this new method can be implemented within a few hours. Moreover, it is a method that can achieve visualization for titer determination and have the potential to determine the phages that fail to form apparent plaque, which is significant in virus quantitative assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Bin Du
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Zhaoyang Tong
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Jianjie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
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2
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You X, Kallies R, Hild K, Hildebrandt A, Harms H, Chatzinotas A, Wick LY. Transport of marine tracer phage particles in soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 814:152704. [PMID: 34973315 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Marine phages have been applied to trace ground- and surface water flows. Yet, information on their transport in soil and related particle intactness is limited. Here we compared the breakthrough of two lytic marine tracer phages (Pseudoalteromonas phages PSA-HM1 and PSA-HS2) with the commonly used Escherichia virus T4 in soil- and sand-filled laboratory percolation columns. All three phages showed high mass recoveries in the effluents and a higher transport velocity than non-reactive tracer Br-. Comparison of effluent gene copy numbers (CN) to physically-determined phage particle counts or infectious phage counts showed that PSA-HM1 and PSA-HS2 retained high phage particle intactness (Ip > 81%), in contrast to T4 (Ip < 36%). Our data suggest that marine phages may be applied in soil to mimic the transport of (bio-) colloids or anthropogenic nanoparticles of similar traits. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) thereby allows for highly sensitive quantification and thus for the detection of even highly diluted marine tracer phages in environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin You
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - René Kallies
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Konstanze Hild
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anke Hildebrandt
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Computational Hydrosystems, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Geoscience, Burgweg 11, 07749 Jena, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hauke Harms
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antonis Chatzinotas
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig University, Institute of Biology, Talstr.33, Leipzig 04103, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lukas Y Wick
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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3
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Abstract
Increasing antimicrobial resistance and medical device-related infections have led to a renewed interest in phage therapy as an alternative or adjunct to conventional antimicrobials. Expanded access and compassionate use cases have risen exponentially but have varied widely in approach, methodology, and clinical situations in which phage therapy might be considered. Large gaps in knowledge contribute to heterogeneity in approach and lack of consensus in many important clinical areas. The Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group (ARLG) has convened a panel of experts in phage therapy, clinical microbiology, infectious diseases, and pharmacology, who worked with regulatory experts and a funding agency to identify questions based on a clinical framework and divided them into three themes: potential clinical situations in which phage therapy might be considered, laboratory testing, and pharmacokinetic considerations. Suggestions are provided as answers to a series of questions intended to inform clinicians considering experimental phage therapy for patients in their clinical practices.
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4
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Zhai C, Wang M, Chung HJ, Hassan M, Lee S, Kim HJ, Hong ST. Roborovski hamster (Phodopus roborovskii) strain SH101 as a systemic infection model of SARS-CoV-2. Virulence 2021; 12:2430-2442. [PMID: 34517779 PMCID: PMC8451461 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1972201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently causing a worldwide threat with its unusually high transmission rates and rapid evolution into diverse strains. Unlike typical respiratory viruses, SARS-CoV-2 frequently causes systemic infection by breaking the boundaries of the respiratory systems. The development of animal models recapitulating the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 is of utmost importance not only for the development of vaccines and antivirals but also for understanding the pathogenesis. However, there has not been developed an animal model for systemic infection of SARS-CoV-2 representing most aspects of the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 with systemic symptoms. Here we report that a Roborovski hamster strain SH101, a laboratory inbred hamster strain of P. roborovskii, displayed most symptoms of systemic infection upon SARS-CoV-2 infection as in the case of the human counterpart, unlike current COVID-19 animal models. Roborovski hamster strain SH101 post-infection of SARS-CoV-2 represented most clinical symptoms of COVID-19 such as snuffling, labored breathing, dyspnea, cough, hunched posture, progressive weight loss, ruffled fur, and high fever following shaking chills. Histological examinations also revealed initial right-predominated pneumonia as well as slight organ damages in the brain and liver, manifesting systemic COVID-19 cases. Considering the merit of a small animal as well as its clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection in human, this hamster model seems to provide an ideal tool to investigate COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongkai Zhai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute for Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Mingda Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute for Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hea-Jong Chung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute for Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Mehedi Hassan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute for Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
- JINIS BDRD Institute, JINIS Inc, Bongdong, South Korea
| | - Seungkoo Lee
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Jin Kim
- JINIS BDRD Institute, JINIS Inc, Bongdong, South Korea
| | - Seong-Tshool Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute for Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
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5
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Exploring the diversity of bacteriophage specific to Oenococcus oeni and Lactobacillus spp and their role in wine production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:8575-8592. [PMID: 34694447 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11509-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The widespread existence of bacteriophage has been of great interest to the biological research community and ongoing investigations continue to explore their diversity and role. They have also attracted attention and in-depth research in connection to fermented food processing, in particular from the dairy and wine industries. Bacteriophage, mostly oenophage, may in fact be a 'double edged sword' for winemakers: whilst they have been implicated as a causal agent of difficulties with malolactic fermentation (although not proven), they are also beginning to be considered as alternatives to using sulphur dioxide to prevent wine spoilage. Investigation and characterisation of oenophage of Oenococcus oeni, the main species used in winemaking, are still limited compared to lactococcal bacteriophage of Lactococcus lactis and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (formally Lactobacillus plantarum), the drivers of most fermented dairy products. Interestingly, these strains are also being used or considered for use in winemaking. In this review, the genetic diversity and life cycle of phage, together with the debate on the consequent impact of phage predation in wine, and potential control strategies are discussed. KEY POINTS: • Bacteriophage detected in wine are diverse. • Many lysogenic bacteriophage are found in wine bacteria. • Phage impact on winemaking can depend on the stage of the winemaking process. • Bacteriophage as potential antimicrobial agents against spoilage organisms.
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6
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Ács N, Gambino M, Brøndsted L. Bacteriophage Enumeration and Detection Methods. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:594868. [PMID: 33193274 PMCID: PMC7644846 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.594868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of phages as alternative antimicrobials to combat pathogenic bacteria and their association to a healthy gut microbiome has prompted a need for precise methods for detection and enumeration of phage particles. There are many applicable methods, but care should be taken considering the measured object (infectious phage, whole phage particle or nucleic acid and proteins) and the concept behind the technique to avoid misinterpretations. While molecular methods cannot discriminate between viable and non-infectious phages, the traditional techniques for counting infectious phages can be time consuming and poorly reproducible. Here, we describe the methods currently used for phage detection and enumeration and highlight their advantages as well as their limitations. Finally, we provide insight on how to deal with complex samples, as well as future prospects in the field of phage quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Ács
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michela Gambino
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lone Brøndsted
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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7
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Hodyra-Stefaniak K, Kaźmierczak Z, Majewska J, Sillankorva S, Miernikiewicz P, Międzybrodzki R, Górski A, Azeredo J, Lavigne R, Lecion D, Nowak S, Harhala M, Waśko P, Owczarek B, Gembara K, Dąbrowska K. Natural and Induced Antibodies Against Phages in Humans: Induction Kinetics and Immunogenicity for Structural Proteins of PB1-Related Phages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 1:91-99. [DOI: 10.1089/phage.2020.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Hodyra-Stefaniak
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Bacteriophage Laboratory, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Kaźmierczak
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Bacteriophage Laboratory, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Majewska
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Bacteriophage Laboratory, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Sanna Sillankorva
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Institute, Braga, Portugal
| | - Paulina Miernikiewicz
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Bacteriophage Laboratory, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ryszard Międzybrodzki
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Bacteriophage Laboratory, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Górski
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Bacteriophage Laboratory, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joana Azeredo
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Rob Lavigne
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dorota Lecion
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Bacteriophage Laboratory, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Nowak
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marek Harhala
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Bacteriophage Laboratory, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Patryk Waśko
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Bacteriophage Laboratory, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Owczarek
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Bacteriophage Laboratory, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gembara
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Bacteriophage Laboratory, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krystyna Dąbrowska
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Bacteriophage Laboratory, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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8
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Majewska J, Kaźmierczak Z, Lahutta K, Lecion D, Szymczak A, Miernikiewicz P, Drapała J, Harhala M, Marek-Bukowiec K, Jędruchniewicz N, Owczarek B, Górski A, Dąbrowska K. Induction of Phage-Specific Antibodies by Two Therapeutic Staphylococcal Bacteriophages Administered per os. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2607. [PMID: 31803179 PMCID: PMC6871536 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In therapeutic phage applications oral administration is a common and well-accepted delivery route. Phages applied per os may elicit a specific humoral response, which may in turn affect phage activity. We present specific anti-phage antibody induction in mice receiving therapeutic staphylococcal bacteriophage A3R or 676Z in drinking water. The schedule comprised: (1) primary exposure to phages for 100 days, followed by (2) diet without phage for 120 days, and (3) secondary exposure to the same phage for 44 days. Both phages induced specific antibodies in blood (IgM, IgG, IgA), even though poor to ineffective translocation of the phages to blood was observed. IgM reached a maximum on day 22, IgG increased from day 22 until the end of the experiment. Specific IgA in the blood and in the gut were induced simultaneously within about 2 months; the IgA level gradually decreased when phage was removed from the diet. Importantly, phage-specific IgA was the limiting factor for phage activity in the gastrointestinal tract. Multicopy proteins (major capsid protein and tail morphogenetic protein H) contributed significantly to phage immunogenicity (IgG), while the baseplate protein gpORF096 did not induce a significant response. Microbiome composition assessment by next-generation sequencing (NGS) revealed that no important changes correlated with phage treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Majewska
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Kaźmierczak
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Karolina Lahutta
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dorota Lecion
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksander Szymczak
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paulina Miernikiewicz
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jarosław Drapała
- Faculty of Computer Science and Management, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marek Harhala
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Natalia Jędruchniewicz
- Research and Development Center, Regional Specialist Hospital in Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Barbara Owczarek
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrzej Górski
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krystyna Dąbrowska
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.,Research and Development Center, Regional Specialist Hospital in Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
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9
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Méndez-Scolari JE, Florentín-Pavía MM, Mujica MP, Rojas N, Sotelo PH. A qPCR Targeted Against the Viral Replication Origin Designed to Quantify Total Amount of Filamentous Phages and Phagemids. Indian J Microbiol 2019; 59:365-369. [PMID: 31388215 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-019-00798-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamentous bacteriophages are widely used in phage display technology. The most common quantification method is lysis plaque formation test (PFT). This technique has several disadvantages, and only quantifies infective phages and is not effective when phagemids are used. We developed a qPCR method directed against the M13 replication origin, which detects between 3.3 × 103 and 3.3 × 108 viral genome copies with a linearity of R 2 = 0.9998. Using this method we were able to observe a difference of approximately ten more phages than with the PFT. This difference was not due to the presence of a free genome, which suggests the presence of non-infective particles. Using a DNaseI treatment, we observed the presence of 30% to 40% of unpackaged genome in recombinant phage modified in PIII or PVIII. The qPCR method with a DNase I treatment is an efficient method to quantify the total amount of filamentous phages.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Méndez-Scolari
- Dpto. de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus Universitario, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - M M Florentín-Pavía
- Dpto. de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus Universitario, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - M P Mujica
- Dpto. de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus Universitario, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - N Rojas
- Dpto. de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus Universitario, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - P H Sotelo
- Dpto. de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus Universitario, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
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10
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Dąbrowska K. Phage therapy: What factors shape phage pharmacokinetics and bioavailability? Systematic and critical review. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:2000-2025. [PMID: 30887551 PMCID: PMC6767042 DOI: 10.1002/med.21572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriophages are not forgotten viruses anymore: scientists and practitioners seek to understand phage pharmacokinetics in animals and humans, investigating bacteriophages as therapeutics, nanocarriers or microbiome components. This review provides a comprehensive overview of factors that determine phage circulation, penetration, and clearance, and that in consequence determine phage applicability for medicine. It makes use of experimental data collected by the phage community so far (PubMed 1924‐2016, including non‐English reports), combining elements of critical and systematic review. This study covers phage ability to enter a system by various routes of administration, how (and if) the phage may access various tissues and organs, and finally what mechanisms determine the courses of phage clearance. The systematic review method was applied to analyze (i) phage survival in the gut (gut transit) and (ii) phage ability to enter the mammalian system by many administration routes. Aspects that have not yet been covered by a sufficient number of reports for mathematical analysis, as well as mechanisms underlying trends, are discussed in the form of a critical review. In spite of the extraordinary diversity of bacteriophages and possible phage applications, the analysis revealed that phage morphology, phage specificity, phage dose, presence of sensitive bacteria or the characteristics of treated individuals (age, taxonomy) may affect phage bioavailability in animals and humans. However, once phages successfully enter the body, they reach most organs, including the central nervous system. Bacteriophages are cleared mainly by the immune system: innate immunity removes phages even when no specific response to bacteriophages has yet developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Dąbrowska
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.,Research and Development Center, Regional Specialized Hospital, Wrocław, Poland
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11
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Fibrin glue as a local drug-delivery system for bacteriophage PA5. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2091. [PMID: 30765740 PMCID: PMC6376040 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38318-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrin glue has been used clinically for decades in a wide variety of surgical specialties and is now being investigated as a medium for local, prolonged drug delivery. Effective local delivery of antibacterial substances is important perioperatively in patients with implanted medical devices or postoperatively for deep wounds. However, prolonged local application of antibiotics is often not possible or simply inadequate. Biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance are also major obstacles to antibacterial therapy. In this paper we test the biocompatibility of bacteriophages incorporated within fibrin glue, track the release of bacteriophages from fibrin scaffolds, and measure the antibacterial activity of released bacteriophages. Fibrin glue polymerized in the presence of the PA5 bacteriophage released high titers of bacteriophages during 11 days of incubation in liquid medium. Released PA5 bacteriophages were effective in killing Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01. Overall, our results show that fibrin glue can be used for sustained delivery of bacteriophages and this strategy holds promise for many antibacterial applications.
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