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Algahmadi A, Mohammed AE, Alfadda AA, Alanazi IO, Alwehaibi MA, Scaria Joy S, Al-shaye D, Benabdelkamel H. Proteomics of Penicillium chrysogenum for a Deeper Understanding of Lead (Pb) Metal Bioremediation. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:26245-26256. [PMID: 38911750 PMCID: PMC11190926 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Penicillium chrysogenum (P. chrysogenum), a ubiquitous filamentous fungus, has demonstrated remarkable potential in the bioremediation of lead-contaminated environments. Its inherent tolerance and bioaccumulation capacity for lead (Pb), coupled with its relatively rapid growth rate, make it an attractive candidate for bioremediation applications. This study aims to identify the proteomic changes in P. chrysogenuminduced by Pb metal stress and unravel the roles of identified proteins in molecular mechanisms and cellular responses. Untargeted proteomic analysis was carried out using a two-dimensional difference in gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). This study reported the identification of 43 statistically significant proteins (24 upregulated and 19 downregulated, ANOVA, p ≤ 0.05; fold change ≥1.5) in P. chrysogenum as a consequence of Pb treatment. Proteins were grouped according to their function into 18 groups from which 13 proteins were related to metabolism, 11 were related to cellular process and signaling, and 19 proteins were related to information storage and processing. The current study is considered the first report about the proteomics study of P. chrysogenum under Pb stress conditions, where upregulated proteins could better explain the mechanism of tolerance and Pb toxicity removal. Our research has provided a thorough understanding of the molecular and cellular processes involved in fungal-metal interactions, paving the way for the development of innovative molecular markers for heavy metal myco-remediation. To the best of our knowledge, this study of P. chrysogenum provides valuable insights toward growing research in comprehending the metal-microbe interactions. This will facilitate development of novel molecular markers for metal bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Algahmadi
- Department
of Biology, College of Science, Princess
Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afrah E. Mohammed
- Department
of Biology, College of Science, Princess
Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Assim A Alfadda
- Proteomics
Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center and the Department of Medicine,
College of Medicine, King Saud University, P O Box 2925 98 Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim O Alanazi
- Healthy
Aging Research Institute Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P O Box 6086 Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moudi A. Alwehaibi
- Proteomics
Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University,
P O Box 2925 98 Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salini Scaria Joy
- Strategic
Center for Diabetes Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 12211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalal Al-shaye
- Department
of Biology, College of Science, Princess
Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hicham Benabdelkamel
- Proteomics
Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University,
P O Box 2925 98 Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
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Gutiérrez-Sánchez A, Plasencia J, Monribot-Villanueva JL, Rodríguez-Haas B, Ruíz-May E, Guerrero-Analco JA, Sánchez-Rangel D. Virulence factors of the genus Fusarium with targets in plants. Microbiol Res 2023; 277:127506. [PMID: 37783182 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium spp. comprise various species of filamentous fungi that cause severe diseases in plant crops of both agricultural and forestry interest. These plant pathogens produce a wide range of molecules with diverse chemical structures and biological activities. Genetic functional analyses of some of these compounds have shown their role as virulence factors (VF). However, their mode of action and contributions to the infection process for many of these molecules are still unknown. This review aims to analyze the state of the art in Fusarium VF, emphasizing their biological targets on the plant hosts. It also addresses the current experimental approaches to improve our understanding of their role in virulence and suggests relevant research questions that remain to be answered with a greater focus on species of agroeconomic importance. In this review, a total of 37 confirmed VF are described, including 22 proteinaceous and 15 non-proteinaceous molecules, mainly from Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium graminearum and, to a lesser extent, in Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium solani.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Gutiérrez-Sánchez
- Laboratorios de Fitopatología y Biología Molecular, Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Clúster BioMimic®, Instituto de Ecología, A. C. Xalapa, Veracruz 91073, Mexico; Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Clúster BioMimic®, Instituto de Ecología, A. C. Xalapa, Veracruz 91073, Mexico
| | - Javier Plasencia
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Juan L Monribot-Villanueva
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Clúster BioMimic®, Instituto de Ecología, A. C. Xalapa, Veracruz 91073, Mexico
| | - Benjamín Rodríguez-Haas
- Laboratorios de Fitopatología y Biología Molecular, Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Clúster BioMimic®, Instituto de Ecología, A. C. Xalapa, Veracruz 91073, Mexico
| | - Eliel Ruíz-May
- Laboratorio de Proteómica, Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Clúster BioMimic®, Instituto de Ecología, A. C. Xalapa, Veracruz 91073, Mexico
| | - José A Guerrero-Analco
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Clúster BioMimic®, Instituto de Ecología, A. C. Xalapa, Veracruz 91073, Mexico.
| | - Diana Sánchez-Rangel
- Laboratorios de Fitopatología y Biología Molecular, Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Clúster BioMimic®, Instituto de Ecología, A. C. Xalapa, Veracruz 91073, Mexico; Investigador por México - CONAHCyT en la Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados del Instituto de Ecología, A. C. (INECOL), Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz 91073, Mexico.
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Zhang J, Zheng Y, Lv J, Dong Y. Promotion of faba bean seedling growth under Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fabae and cinnamic acid stress in faba bean-wheat intercropping system and underlying proteomic mechanisms. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14099. [PMID: 38148189 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Continuous cropping severely affects faba bean growth, mainly due to pathogen and autotoxic substance accumulation. Here, we used faba bean monocropping (M) and intercropping with wheat (I), with stress treatments of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fabae (FOF) alone (F) and combined with cinnamic acid (F + C), to analyze seedling growth, defense-related enzymes, levels of resistance-associated substances, and protein expression profiles in roots. The results showed that intercropping mitigated the inhibitory effects of FOF and cinnamic acid. FOF resulted in increased activities of defense-related enzymes as well as levels of resistance-associated substances. Proteomic analysis showed that 22 proteins were upregulated following FOF inoculation (M + F), and 6 proteins were downregulated after the addition of cinnamic acid (M + F + C) in monocropping plants; these proteins were mainly involved in pathways associated with carbohydrate metabolism, energy, and the cytoplasm. Comparison of monocropping and intercropping indicated that the upregulated proteins were mostly associated with stress and defense, carbohydrate transport and metabolism, maintenance of cellular homeostasis, and protein synthesis. KEGG analysis revealed that intercropping increased enrichment in pathways associated with metabolism, ribosomes, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, proteasomes, pyruvate metabolism, and pentose and glucuronate interconversions. The results indicated that intercropping mitigated growth inhibition by FOF and cinnamic acid by increasing energy production, maintaining normal cellular functions, and promoting the synthesis of defense-associated secondary metabolites. These findings provide a basis for further investigation into the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of intercropping in controlling resistance to Fusarium wilt in the faba bean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yiran Zheng
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiaxing Lv
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Dong
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Hu B, Zheng Y, Lv J, Zhang J, Dong Y. Proteomic analysis of the faba bean-wheat intercropping system in controlling the occurrence of faba bean fusarium wilt due to stress caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fabae and benzoic acid. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:472. [PMID: 37803265 PMCID: PMC10557263 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04481-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In faba bean, continuous cropping severely affects plant growth and increases the incidence of fusarium wilt due to the accumulation of pathogens and autotoxic substances. The intercropping of faba bean and wheat is commonly used to alleviate the occurrence of fusarium wilt in the faba bean. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Fabae(FOF) and benzoic acid in the occurrence of faba bean fusarium wilt and unravel the potential mechanism of intercropping in alleviating its occurrence. METHODS Hydroponic experiment was carried out using monocropping faba bean (M) and intercropping faba bean and wheat (I) patterns under FOF alone stress (M + F, I + F), FOF and benzoic acid double stress (M + F + B, I + F + B). The growth of faba bean seedlings under FOF and benzoic acid dual stresses were analyzed as well as the protein expression profile of monocropping and intercropping faba bean roots. RESULT Under FOF stress, the growth of faba bean seedlings was inhibited, and the inhibitory effect was enhanced under the dual stress of FOF and benzoic acid. However, faba bean-wheat intercropping alleviated the inhibitory effect of FOF and benzoic acid on faba bean growth. In faba bean, the up-regulated protein was involved in different functions, such as redox, hydrogen peroxide decomposition, and metabolic processes under FOF stress (M + F, I + F) compared to the control. Compared with FOF stress (M + F, I + F), under the dual stress of FOF and benzoic acid (M + F + B, I + F + B), the up-regulated protein in faba bean were involved in intracellular redox balance, defense, and maintenance of cell integrity. Compared with monocropping (M, M + F, M + F + B), the up-regulated protein function of intercropping(I, I + F, I + F + B) was mainly involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, redox balance, biological carbon fixation of photosynthesis, and so on. KEGG enrichment analysis results showed that intercropping increased ethylene and jasmonic acid synthesis and other related pathways to improve resistance against fusarium wilt in the faba bean. CONCLUSION The growth of faba bean was inhibited under FOF stress and the inhibitory effect was enhanced under the dual stress of FOF and benzoic acid, which promoted the occurrence of faba bean fusarium wilt. This might be due to the down-regulation of energy and cytoplasmic matrix proteins under FOF and benzoic acid stress. The faba bean wheat intercropping alleviated the inhibition of FOF and benzoic acid stress by up-regulating the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, redox homeostasis, photosynthetic carbon fixation, and other related proteins. Besides, it also promoted the biosynthesis of ethylene, and jasmonic acid, improved the resistance of faba bean plants, and alleviated the occurrence of faba bean fusarium wilt. This provides a theoretical basis for the determination of jasmonic acid and ethylene content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijie Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yiran Zheng
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiaxing Lv
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Dong
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.
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Thomas TA, Tirumale S. Comparative proteome profiling of fusarium chlamydosporum and elucidation of pigment biosynthetic pathway under nitrogen stress. J Proteomics 2023; 277:104851. [PMID: 36813111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.104851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to understand the protein expression of F. chlamydosporum in two different medium composition in varying concentrations of nitrogen. The interesting phenomenon of producing diverse pigments by a single strain in different concentrations of Nitrogen made us further to explore the difference in the protein expression of the fungus when grown in these two media. For this, we had adopted non-gel-based method of protein separation by LC-MS/MS analysis followed by label free identification of proteins by SWATH analysis. The molecular and biological functions of each protein and their Gene Ontology annotations were analyzed by UniProt KB and KEGG pathway; the secondary metabolite pathways and the carbohydrate metabolic pathways were analyzed by DAVID bioinformatics tool. The positively regulated proteins biologically functioned for the secondary metabolite production in optimized medium were Diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase (terpenoid backbone biosynthesis), Phytoene synthase (carotenoid biosynthesis), 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine synthase (riboflavin biosynthesis). The main characteristic change observed was that proteins related to carotenoid biosynthesis and terpenoid synthesis were not regulated in nitrogen limited medium. Except for the protein 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine synthase, all the enzymes related to fatty acid biosynthesis and polyketide chain elongation were up regulated. Apart from the proteins related to secondary metabolite production, two novel proteins were found to be up regulated in Nitrogen Limited Medium; C-fem protein responsible for fungal pathogenesis and DAO domain containing protein which functions as a neuromodulator and catalyzes the synthesis of dopamine. SIGNIFICANCE: This particular strain of F. chlamydosporum of immense genetic and biochemical diversity represents an interesting example of a microorganism which can produce a variety of bioactive compounds and this can be exploited in various industries. The production of carotenoids and polyketides by this fungus when grown in the same media with different concentrations of Nitrogen has been published by us following which we analyzed the proteome sequence of the fungus in varying Nutrient conditions. Following the proteome analysis and expression, we could derive the pathway leading to the biosynthesis of varying secondary metabolites by the fungus which has not been published or studied so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessy Anu Thomas
- Department of Microbiology, Krupanidhi Degree College, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sharmila Tirumale
- Department of Microbiology, Bangalore University, JB Campus, Bengaluru, India.
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Sehim AE, Hewedy OA, Altammar KA, Alhumaidi MS, Abd Elghaffar RY. Trichoderma asperellum empowers tomato plants and suppresses Fusarium oxysporum through priming responses. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1140378. [PMID: 36998401 PMCID: PMC10043483 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1140378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-associated microbes play crucial roles in plant health and promote growth under stress. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the strategic crops grown throughout Egypt and is a widely grown vegetable worldwide. However, plant disease severely affects tomato production. The post-harvest disease (Fusarium wilt disease) affects food security globally, especially in the tomato fields. Thus, an alternative effective and economical biological treatment to the disease was recently established using Trichoderma asperellum. However, the role of rhizosphere microbiota in the resistance of tomato plants against soil-borne Fusarium wilt disease (FWD) remains unclear. In the current study, a dual culture assay of T. asperellum against various phytopathogens (e.g., Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, Alternaria alternata, Rhizoctonia solani, and F. graminerarum) was performed in vitro. Interestingly, T. asperellum exhibited the highest mycelial inhibition rate (53.24%) against F. oxysporum. In addition, 30% free cell filtrate of T. asperellum inhibited F. oxysporum by 59.39%. Various underlying mechanisms were studied to explore the antifungal activity against F. oxysporum, such as chitinase activity, analysis of bioactive compounds by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and assessment of fungal secondary metabolites against F. oxysporum mycotoxins in tomato fruits. Additionally, the plant growth-promoting traits of T. asperellum were studied (e.g., IAA production, Phosphate solubilization), and the impact on tomato seeds germination. Scanning electron microscopy, plant root sections, and confocal microscopy were used to show the mobility of the fungal endophyte activity to promote tomato root growth compared with untreated tomato root. T. asperellum enhanced the growth of tomato seeds and controlled the wilt disease caused by the phytopathogen F. oxysporum by enhancing the number of leaves as well as shoot and root length (cm) and fresh and dry weights (g). Furthermore, Trichoderma extract protects tomato fruits from post-harvest infection by F. oxysporum. Taking together, T. asperellum represents a safe and effective controlling agent against Fusarium infection of tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira E. Sehim
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Omar A. Hewedy
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Omar A. Hewedy,
| | - Khadijah A. Altammar
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafar Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam S. Alhumaidi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafar Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
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Momo J, Rawoof A, Kumar A, Islam K, Ahmad I, Ramchiary N. Proteomics of Reproductive Development, Fruit Ripening, and Stress Responses in Tomato. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:65-95. [PMID: 36584279 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The fruits of the tomato crop (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are increasingly consumed by humans worldwide. Due to their rich nutritional quality, pharmaceutical properties, and flavor, tomato crops have gained a salient role as standout crops among other plants. Traditional breeding and applied functional research have made progress in varying tomato germplasms to subdue biotic and abiotic stresses. Proteomic investigations within a span of few decades have assisted in consolidating the functional genomics and transcriptomic research. However, due to the volatility and dynamicity of proteins in the regulation of various biosynthetic pathways, there is a need for continuing research in the field of proteomics to establish a network that could enable a more comprehensive understanding of tomato growth and development. With this view, we provide a comprehensive review of proteomic studies conducted on the tomato plant in past years, which will be useful for future breeders and researchers working to improve the tomato crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Momo
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi 110067, India
| | - Abdul Rawoof
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala 671316, India
| | - Khushbu Islam
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ilyas Ahmad
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi 110067, India
| | - Nirala Ramchiary
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi 110067, India
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Ijaz S, Haq IU, Razzaq HA. Mutation introduced in DDTFR10/A gene of ethylene response element-binding protein (EREBP) family through CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing confers increased Fusarium wilt tolerance in tomato. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1-10. [PMID: 36733839 PMCID: PMC9886765 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01273-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the role of the DDTFR10/A gene of the ethylene response element-binding protein (EREBP) family through the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing approach. The associated role of this gene in tomato fruit ripening was known. The involvement of ripening-regulatory proteins in plant defense has been documented; therefore, to find the involvement of the DDTFR10/A gene in host susceptibility, we introduced the mutation in DDTFR10/A gene through CRISPR/cas9 in the genome of the tomato plant. The 50% biallelic and 50% homozygous mutations were observed in the T0 generation. The CRISPR/Cas9 edited plants showed 40% reduced symptoms of Fusarium wilt compared to control plants (non-edited). The DDTFR10/A gene expression in tomato plants was evaluated against biotic (Fusarium wilt) and abiotic (salinity) stresses, and the upregulated expression of this gene was found under both challenges. However, a comparative increase in DDTFR10/A gene expression was observed in tomato plants upon inoculation with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. The phenotypic assay performed on edited tomato plants demonstrated the role of the DDTFR10/A gene in contributing toward susceptibility against Fusarium wilt. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01273-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddra Ijaz
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, University Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Imran Ul Haq
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, University Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hafiza Arooj Razzaq
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, University Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Bhagat N, Magotra S, Gupta R, Sharma S, Verma S, Verma PK, Ali T, Shree A, Vakhlu J. Invasion and Colonization of Pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum R1 in Crocus sativus L. during Corm Rot Disease Progression. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8121246. [PMID: 36547579 PMCID: PMC9784501 DOI: 10.3390/jof8121246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The corm rot of saffron caused by Fusarium oxysporum (Fox) has been reported to be the most destructive fungal disease of the herb globally. The pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum R1 (Fox R1) isolated by our group from Kashmir, India, was found to be different from Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. gladioli commonly reported corm rot agent of saffron. In the present study, Fox R1 was further characterized using housekeeping genes and pathogenicity tests, as Fusarium oxysporum R1 f.sp. iridacearum race 4. Though Fox R1 invaded the saffron plant through both corm and roots, the corm was found to be the preferred site of infection. In addition, the route of pathogen movement wastracked by monitoring visual symptoms, semi-quantitative PCR, quantitative-PCR (q-PCR), real-time imaging of egfp-tagged Fusarium oxysporum R1, and Fox R1 load quantification. This study is the first study of its kind on the bidirectional pathogenesis from corm to roots and vice-versa, as the literature only reports unidirectional upward movement from roots to other parts of the plant. In addition, the colonization pattern of Fox R1 in saffron corms and roots was studied. The present study involved a systematic elucidation of the mode and mechanism of pathogenesis in the saffron Fusarium oxysporum strain R1 pathosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Bhagat
- Metagenomic Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India
| | - Shanu Magotra
- Metagenomic Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Ajitgarh 140413, India
| | - Rikita Gupta
- Metagenomic Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India
| | - Shikha Sharma
- Metagenomic Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India
| | - Sandhya Verma
- Plant Immunity Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Verma
- Plant Immunity Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi 110067, India
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Tahir Ali
- Metagenomic Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India
| | - Ankita Shree
- Plant Immunity Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Jyoti Vakhlu
- Metagenomic Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India
- Correspondence:
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Harish S. Bio-Prospecting of Endospore-Based Formulation of Bacillus sp. BST18 Possessing Antimicrobial Genes for the Management of Soil-Borne Diseases of Tomato. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:380. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-03077-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Tomato Response to Fusarium spp. Infection under Field Conditions: Study of Potential Genes Involved. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8050433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tomato is one of the most important horticultural crops in the world and is severely affected by Fusarium diseases. To successfully manage these diseases, new insights on the expression of plant–pathogen interaction genes involved in immunity responses to Fusarium spp. infection are required. The aim of this study was to assess the level of infection of Fusarium spp. in field tomato samples and to evaluate the differential expression of target genes involved in plant–pathogen interactions in groups presenting different infection levels. Our study was able to detect Fusarium spp. in 16 from a total of 20 samples, proving the effectiveness of the primer set designed in the ITS region for its detection, and allowed the identification of two main different species complexes: Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti. Results demonstrated that the level of infection positively influenced the expression of the transcription factor WRKY41 and the CBEF (calcium-binding EF hand family protein) genes, involved in plant innate resistance to pathogens. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the expression of tomato defense-related gene expression is studied in response to Fusarium infection under natural field conditions. We highlight the importance of these studies for the identification of candidate genes to incorporate new sources of resistance in tomato and achieve sustainable plant disease management.
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Roy A, Kalita B, Jayaprakash A, Kumar A, Lakshmi PTV. Computational identification and characterization of vascular wilt pathogen ( Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici) CAZymes in tomato xylem sap. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-17. [PMID: 35470778 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2067236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici is a devastating plant pathogenic fungi known for wilt disease in the tomato plant and secrete cell wall degrading enzymes. These enzymes are collectively known as carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), crucial for growth, colonization and pathogenesis. Therefore, the present study was aimed to identify and annotate pathogen CAZymes in the xylem sap of a susceptible tomato variety using downstream proteomics and meta servers. Further, structural elucidation and conformational stability analysis of the selected CAZyme families were done through homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulation. Among all the fungal proteins identified, the carbohydrate metabolic process was found to be enriched. Most of the annotated CAZymes belonged to the hydrolase and oxidoreductase families, and 90% were soluble and extracellular. Moreover, using a publically available interactome database, interactions were observed between the families acting on chitin, hemicellulose and pectin. Subsequently, important catalytic residues were identified in the candidate CAZymes belonging to carbohydrate esterase (CE8) and glycosyl hydrolase (GH18 and GH28). Further, essential dynamics after molecular simulation of 100 ns revealed the overall behavior of these CAZymes with distinct global minima and transition states in CE8. Thus, our study identified some of the CAZyme families that assist in pathogenesis and growth through host cell wall deconstruction with further structural insight into the selected CAZyme families.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet Roy
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | - Barsha Kalita
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | - Aiswarya Jayaprakash
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | - Amrendra Kumar
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | - P T V Lakshmi
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
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Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Rhizoctonia solani Isolates Identifies the Differentially Expressed Proteins with Roles in Virulence. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8040370. [PMID: 35448601 PMCID: PMC9029756 DOI: 10.3390/jof8040370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sheath blight of rice is a destructive disease that could be calamitous to rice cultivation. The significant objective of this study is to contemplate the proteomic analysis of the high virulent and less virulent isolate of Rhizoctonia solani using a quantitative LC-MS/MS-based proteomic approach to identify the differentially expressed proteins promoting higher virulence. Across several rice-growing regions in Odisha, Eastern India, 58 Rhizoctonia isolates were obtained. All the isolates varied in their pathogenicity. The isolate RS15 was found to be the most virulent and RS22 was identified as the least virulent. The PCR amplification confirmed that the RS15 and RS22 belonged to the Rhizoctonia subgroup of AG1-IA with a specific primer. The proteomic information generated has been deposited in the PRIDE database with PXD023430. The virulent isolate consisted of 48 differentially abundant proteins, out of which 27 proteins had higher abundance, while 21 proteins had lower abundance. The analyzed proteins acquired functionality in fungal development, sporulation, morphology, pathogenicity, detoxification, antifungal activity, essential metabolism and transcriptional activities, protein biosynthesis, glycolysis, phosphorylation and catalytic activities in fungi. A Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to validate changes in differentially expressed proteins at the mRNA level for selected genes. The abundances of proteins and transcripts were positively correlated. This study provides the role of the proteome in the pathogenicity of R. solani AG1-IA in rice and underpins the mechanism behind the pathogen’s virulence in causing sheath blight disease.
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Biological control of Fusarium tomato-wilt disease by cyanobacteria Nostoc spp. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:116. [PMID: 34985603 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02673-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of foliar application of extract and culture of Nostoc calcicola and Nostoc linckia on the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) that infects tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) plant in vitro and in vivo. Cyanobacterial isolates were isolated from saline soils at El-Hamoul and Seidy Salem locations Kafr Elsheikh, Egypt, and identified to be N. calcicola and N. linckia Bioactive compounds of extract were analyzed by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Dry weight, carotene, chlorophyll content, and total phenolic compounds of isolates were measured. Plant height, dry weight, fruit number, and fruit weight of tomatoes were estimated. GC/MS analysis showed 49 and 35 bioactive compounds in extracts of N. calcicola and N. linckia, respectively. N. calcicola possesses the highest values of chlorophyll a, carotenoid, and total phenol contents in dry weight compared with N. linckia. After 100 days of tomato growth, the results showed the highest yield of tomato fruits with the application of N. calcicola and N. linckia compared with the untreated plants and the plants which were infected with Fusarium, suggesting that N. calcicola and N. linckia can serve as a new bioagent for biological control of the soil fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL).
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Transcript pattern analysis of Arf-family genes in the phytopathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici reveals the role of Arl3 in the virulence. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2021; 114:1619-1632. [PMID: 34338933 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-021-01628-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici is an important plant pathogen that has been used to understand the virulence mechanisms that soil inhabiting fungi exhibit during the infection process. In F. oxysporum many of the virulence factors are secreted, and the secretion process requires the formation of vesicles. Arf family members, represented by Arf (ADP- Ribosylation Factor), Arl (Arf-like), and Sar (Secretion-associated and Ras-related) proteins, are involved in the vesicle creation process. In this study we identified the Arf family members in F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, which includes seven putative proteins: Arf1, Arf3, Arl1 through Arl3, Arl8B, and Sar1. Quantification of the mRNA levels of each arf encoding gene revealed that the highest expression corresponds to arf1 in all tested conditions. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that no other Arf1 paralogue, such as Arf2 from yeast, is present in F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. The essential function suggested of Arf1 in F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici was corroborated experimentally when, after several attempts, it was impossible to obtain a knockout mutant in arf1. Moreover, arl3 mRNA levels increased significantly when plant tissue was added as a sole carbon source, suggesting that the product of these genes could play pivotal roles during plant infection, the corresponding mutant ∆arl3 was less virulent compared to the wild-type strain. These results describe the role of arl3 as a critical regulator of the virulence in F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and stablish a framework for the arf family members to be studied in deeper details in this phytopathogen.
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Zhu J, Cao A, Wu J, Fang W, Huang B, Yan D, Wang Q, Li Y. Effects of chloropicrin fumigation combined with biochar on soil bacterial and fungal communities and Fusarium oxysporum. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 220:112414. [PMID: 34126305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chloropicrin (CP) can cause long-term damage to beneficial microbes which reduces soil health. Biochar (BC) can mitigate against the effects of CP by reducing the time for beneficial microbes to recover after CP fumigation. In this study, we used Real-Time Quantitative PCR to determine the effects of different rates of BC added to CP-fumigated soil on the speed of recovery of bacteria and fungi population and on changes to gene copy number of the target pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. And then we compared the structure and composition of the beneficial microbial community in the different treatments soil by using High throughput Illumina sequencing. As the results shown, adding 1 or 3% BC after CP fumigation accelerated the recovery of bacterial and fungal populations without increasing F. oxysporum abundance. BC also promoted the recovery of beneficial bacteria Rokubacteria and Latescibacteria damaged by CP. And these two bacteria may be related to the immunity of soil to F. oxysporum. In CP-fumigated soil, BC improved the disease resistance of the soil by increasing beneficial microbes, such as Steroidobacter, Sphingomonas, Purpureocillium and Mortierella. This combination of CP and BC is a new concept that could encourages the development of a healthy and sustainable soil ecosystems while controlling plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Zhu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Aocheng Cao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiajia Wu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wensheng Fang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dongdong Yan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiuxia Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Cui K, He L, Zhao Y, Mu W, Lin J, Liu F. Comparative Analysis of Botrytis cinerea in Response to the Microbial Secondary Metabolite Benzothiazole Using iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomics. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:1313-1326. [PMID: 33325724 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-11-20-0503-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Benzothiazole is a microbial volatile compound with strong antifungal activity against the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea, but its mode of action against fungi remains largely unknown. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying its activity could aid the design and synthesis of similar compounds against pathogenic fungi. Based on the results of morphological and antifungal activity assays, B. cinerea was exposed to 2.5 µl/liter of benzothiazole for 12, 24, and 48 h, and an isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation-based quantitative proteomic analysis showed that 378 out of 5,110 identified proteins were differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). The majority of these DEPs were associated with carbohydrate metabolism, oxidation reduction processes, and energy production. Further analysis showed that benzothiazole inhibited mitochondrial membrane organization and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential of B. cinerea. In addition, the key enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle were downregulated after benzothiazole treatment, and a biochemical analysis indicated that inhibition of the glyoxylate cycle by benzothiazole blocked nutrient availability and interfered with adenosine triphosphate generation. This study provides markers for future research of the molecular responses of B. cinerea to benzothiazole stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaidi Cui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Leiming He
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhe Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Mu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Lin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
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Hou YH, Hsu LH, Wang HF, Lai YH, Chen YL. Calcineurin Regulates Conidiation, Chlamydospore Formation and Virulence in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:539702. [PMID: 33193126 PMCID: PMC7641966 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.539702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium wilt of tomato caused by the ascomycetous fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) is widespread in most tomato planting areas. Calcineurin is a heterodimeric calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase comprised of catalytic (Cna1) and regulatory (Cnb1) subunits. Calcineurin has been studied extensively in human fungal pathogens, but less is known about its roles in plant fungal pathogens. It is known that calcineurin regulates fungal calcium signaling, growth, drug tolerance, and virulence. However, the roles of calcineurin in Fol have not yet been characterized. In this study, we deleted calcineurin CNA1 and CNB1 genes to characterize their roles in conidiation, chlamydospore formation and virulence in Fol. Our results revealed that both cna1 and cnb1 mutants show defects in calcineurin phosphatase activity, vegetative growth and conidiation as compared to the wild type. Furthermore, calcineurin mutants exhibited blunted and swollen hyphae as observed by scanning electron microscopy. Interestingly, we found that Fol calcineurin is critical for chlamydospore formation, a function of calcineurin previously undocumented in the fungal kingdom. According to transcriptome analysis, the expression of 323 and 414 genes was up- and down-regulated, respectively, in both cna1 and cnb1 mutants. Based on the pathogen infection assay, tomato plants inoculated with cna1 or cnb1 mutant have a dramatic reduction in disease severity, indicating that calcineurin has a vital role in Fol virulence. In conclusion, our findings suggest that Fol calcineurin is required, at least in part, for phosphatase activity, vegetative growth, conidiation, chlamydospore formation, and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsuan Hou
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hang Hsu
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Fu Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsin Lai
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Lien Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Carmona SL, Burbano-David D, Gómez MR, Lopez W, Ceballos N, Castaño-Zapata J, Simbaqueba J, Soto-Suárez M. Characterization of Pathogenic and Nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum Isolates Associated with Commercial Tomato Crops in the Andean Region of Colombia. Pathogens 2020; 9:E70. [PMID: 31968574 PMCID: PMC7168637 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In Colombia, tomato production under protected conditions represents an important economic contribution to the agricultural sector. Fusarium wilt diseases, caused by pathogenic formae speciales of the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl., cause significant yield losses in tomatoes throughout the world. Investigation of the F. oxysporum-tomato pathosystem in Colombia is required to develop appropriate alternative disease management. In this study, 120 fungal isolates were obtained from four different departments in the Central Andean Region in Colombia from tomato crops with symptoms of wilt disease. A molecular characterization of the fungal isolates was performed using the SIX1, SIX3, and SIX4 effector genes of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici W.C. Snyder & H.N. Hansen (Fol). Additionally, we developed a new specific marker to distinguish between Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici Jarvis & Shoemaker (Forl) and Fol isolates. Furthermore, a phylogenetic analysis using the Translation Elongation Factor 1-alpha (EF1a) gene was performed with the collected isolates. Two isolates (named Fol59 and Fol-UDC10) were identified as Fol race 2, four isolates were identified as Forl, six isolates were identified as F. solani, and most of the isolates were grouped within the F. oxysporum species complex. The phylogenetic tree of EF1a showed that most of the isolates could potentially correspond to nonpathogenic strains of F. oxysporum. Additional pathogenicity assays carried out with Fol59 and Fol-UDC10 confirmed that both isolates were highly virulent strains. This study represents a contribution to the understanding of the local interaction between tomatoes and F. oxysporum in Colombia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra L. Carmona
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria. AGROSAVIA, Km 14 vía Mosquera-Bogotá, Mosquera 250047, Colombia; (S.L.C.); (D.B.-D.); (M.R.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Diana Burbano-David
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria. AGROSAVIA, Km 14 vía Mosquera-Bogotá, Mosquera 250047, Colombia; (S.L.C.); (D.B.-D.); (M.R.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Magda R. Gómez
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria. AGROSAVIA, Km 14 vía Mosquera-Bogotá, Mosquera 250047, Colombia; (S.L.C.); (D.B.-D.); (M.R.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Walter Lopez
- Departamento de Física y Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Manizales, Manizales 170004, Colombia;
| | - Nelson Ceballos
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales 170004, Colombia; (N.C.); (J.C.-Z.)
| | - Jairo Castaño-Zapata
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales 170004, Colombia; (N.C.); (J.C.-Z.)
| | - Jaime Simbaqueba
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria. AGROSAVIA, Km 14 vía Mosquera-Bogotá, Mosquera 250047, Colombia; (S.L.C.); (D.B.-D.); (M.R.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Mauricio Soto-Suárez
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria. AGROSAVIA, Km 14 vía Mosquera-Bogotá, Mosquera 250047, Colombia; (S.L.C.); (D.B.-D.); (M.R.G.); (J.S.)
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Rodríguez-Pires S, Melgarejo P, De Cal A, Espeso EA. Proteomic Studies to Understand the Mechanisms of Peach Tissue Degradation by Monilinia laxa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1286. [PMID: 32973845 PMCID: PMC7468393 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Monilinia laxa is a necrotrophic plant pathogen able to infect and produce substantial losses on stone fruit. Three different isolates of M. laxa were characterized according to their aggressiveness on nectarines. M. laxa 8L isolate was the most aggressive on fruit, 33L isolate displayed intermediated virulence level, and 5L was classified as a weak aggressive isolate. Nectarine colonization process by the weak isolate 5L was strongly delayed. nLC-MS/MS proteomic studies using in vitro peach cultures provided data on exoproteomes of the three isolates at equivalent stages of brown rot colonization; 3 days for 8L and 33L, and 7 days for 5L. A total of 181 proteins were identified from 8L exoproteome and 289 proteins from 33L at 3 dpi, and 206 proteins were identified in 5L exoproteome at 7 dpi. Although an elevated number of proteins lacked a predicted function, the vast majority of proteins belong to OG group "metabolism", composed of categories such as "carbohydrate transport and metabolism" in 5L, and "energy production and conversion" most represented in 8L and 33L. Among identified proteins, 157 that carried a signal peptide were further examined and classified. Carbohydrate-active enzymes and peptidases were the main groups revealing different protein alternatives with the same function among isolates. Our data suggested a subset of secreted proteins as possible markers of differential virulence in more aggressive isolates, MlPG1 MlPME3, NEP-like, or endoglucanase proteins. A core-exoproteome among isolates independently of their virulence but time-dependent was also described. This core included several well-known virulence factors involved in host-tissue factors like cutinase, pectin lyases, and acid proteases. The secretion patterns supported the assumption that M. laxa deploys an extensive repertoire of proteins to facilitate the host infection and colonization and provided information for further characterization of M. laxa pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rodríguez-Pires
- Department of Plant Protection, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Melgarejo
- Department of Plant Protection, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonieta De Cal
- Department of Plant Protection, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Antonieta De Cal,
| | - Eduardo A. Espeso
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB)-Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
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Yang Y, Fang A, Yu Y, Bi C, Zhou C. Integrated transcriptomic and secretomic approaches reveal critical pathogenicity factors in Pseudofabraea citricarpa inciting citrus target spot. Microb Biotechnol 2019; 12:1260-1273. [PMID: 31162831 PMCID: PMC6801157 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Target spot is a newly emerging citrus disease caused by Pseudofabraea citricarpa. Outbreaks of this disease result in massive economic losses to citrus production. Here, an integrated study involving comparative transcriptomic and secretomic analyses was conducted to determine the critical pathogenicity factors of P. citricarpa involved in the induction of citrus target spot. A total of 701 transcripts and their cognate proteins were quantified and integrated. Among these transcripts and proteins, 99 exhibited the same expression patterns. Our quantitative integrated multi-omic data highlight several potentially pivotal pathogenicity factors, including 16 unigenes that were annotated as plant cell-wall-degrading enzymes, 13 unigenes homologous to virulence factors from various fungi, and one unigene described as a small cysteine-rich secreted protein, were screened and analysed. The screening of differentially expressed genes that encode secondary metabolism core enzymes implicated terpene metabolism in the pathogenicity of P. citricarpa. Overall, results indicated that plant cell wall degradation, plant-pathogen protein/polyribonucleotide interaction, and terpene biosynthesis have critical roles in the pathogenicity of P. citricarpa. This work demonstrated that integrated omic approaches enable the identification of pathogenicity/virulence factors and provide insights into the mechanisms underlying the pathogenicity of fungi. These insights would aid the development of effective disease management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Yang
- College of Plant ProtectionSouthwest UniversityChongqing400715China
| | - Anfei Fang
- College of Plant ProtectionSouthwest UniversityChongqing400715China
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Plant ProtectionSouthwest UniversityChongqing400715China
| | - Chaowei Bi
- College of Plant ProtectionSouthwest UniversityChongqing400715China
| | - Changyong Zhou
- Citrus Research InstituteSouthwest UniversityChongqing400712China
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22
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Burgos-Canul YY, Canto-Canché B, Berezovski MV, Mironov G, Loyola-Vargas VM, Barba de Rosa AP, Tzec-Simá M, Brito-Argáez L, Carrillo-Pech M, Grijalva-Arango R, Muñoz-Pérez G, Islas-Flores I. The cell wall proteome from two strains of Pseudocercospora fijiensis with differences in virulence. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:105. [PMID: 31267317 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2681-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pseudocercospora fijiensis causes black Sigatoka disease, the most important threat to banana. The cell wall is crucial for fungal biological processes, including pathogenesis. Here, we performed cell wall proteomics analyses of two P. fijiensis strains, the highly virulent Oz2b, and the less virulent C1233 strains. Strains were starved from nitrogen to mimic the host environment. Interestingly, in vitro cultures of the C1233 strain grew faster than Oz2b in PDB medium, suggesting that C1233 survives outside the host better than the highly virulent Oz2b strain. Both strains were submitted to nitrogen starvation and the cell wall proteins were isolated and subjected to nano-HPLC-MS/MS. A total of 2686 proteins were obtained from which only 240 had a known function and thus, bioinformatics analyses were performed on this group. We found that 90 cell wall proteins were shared by both strains, 21 were unique for Oz2b and 39 for C1233. Shared proteins comprised 24 pathogenicity factors, including Avr4 and Ecp6, two effectors from P. fijiensis, while the unique proteins comprised 16 virulence factors in C1233 and 11 in Oz2b. The P. fijiensis cell wall proteome comprised canonical proteins, but thirty percent were atypical, a feature which in other phytopathogens has been interpreted as contamination. However, a comparison with the identities of atypical proteins in other reports suggests that the P. fijiensis proteins we detected were not contaminants. This is the first proteomics analysis of the P. fijiensis cell wall and our results expands the understanding of the fundamental biology of fungal phytopathogens and will help to decipher the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis and virulence in P. fijiensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamily Y Burgos-Canul
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Blondy Canto-Canché
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Maxim V Berezovski
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Gleb Mironov
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Víctor M Loyola-Vargas
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Ana Paulina Barba de Rosa
- IPICYT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico
| | - Miguel Tzec-Simá
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Ligia Brito-Argáez
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Mildred Carrillo-Pech
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Rosa Grijalva-Arango
- Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Gilberto Muñoz-Pérez
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Ignacio Islas-Flores
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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Srinivas C, Nirmala Devi D, Narasimha Murthy K, Mohan CD, Lakshmeesha TR, Singh B, Kalagatur NK, Niranjana SR, Hashem A, Alqarawi AA, Tabassum B, Abd Allah EF, Chandra Nayaka S. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici causal agent of vascular wilt disease of tomato: Biology to diversity- A review. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 26:1315-1324. [PMID: 31762590 PMCID: PMC6864208 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) is one of the widely grown vegetables worldwide. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) is the significant contributory pathogen of tomato vascular wilt. The initial symptoms of the disease appear in the lower leaves gradually, trail by wilting of the plants. It has been reported that FOL penetrates the tomato plant, colonizing and leaving the vascular tissue dark brown, and this discoloration extends to the apex, leading to the plants wilting, collapsing and dying. Therefore, it has been widely accepted that wilting caused by this fungus is the result of a combination of various physiological activities, including the accumulation of fungal mycelia in and around xylem, mycotoxin production, inactivation of host defense, and the production of tyloses; however, wilting symptoms are variable. Therefore, the selection of molecular markers may be a more effective means of screening tomato races. Several studies on the detection of FOL have been carried out and have suggested the potency of the technique for diagnosing FOL. This review focuses on biology and variability of FOL, understanding and presenting a holistic picture of the vascular wilt disease of tomato in relation to disease model, biology, virulence. We conclude that genomic and proteomic approachesare greater tools for identification of informative candidates involved in pathogenicity, which can be considered as one of the approaches in managing the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Srinivas
- Department of Studies in Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - D Nirmala Devi
- Department of Microbiology, Ramaiah College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - K Narasimha Murthy
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore,India
| | | | - T R Lakshmeesha
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore,India
| | | | - Naveen Kumar Kalagatur
- Department of Immunology and Toxicology, DRDO-BU-Centre for Life Sciences, Coimbatore, India
| | - S R Niranjana
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore,India
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King SaudUniversity, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A Alqarawi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King SaudUniversity, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Baby Tabassum
- Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Govt. Raza P.G. College Rampur, 244901 U.P., India
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King SaudUniversity, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Chandra Nayaka
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore,India
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Recent Advances in the Treatment of Scedosporiosis and Fusariosis. J Fungi (Basel) 2018; 4:jof4020073. [PMID: 29912161 PMCID: PMC6023441 DOI: 10.3390/jof4020073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Species of Scedosporium and Fusarium are considered emerging opportunistic pathogens, causing invasive fungal diseases in humans that are known as scedosporiosis and fusariosis, respectively. These mold infections typically affect patients with immune impairment; however, cases have been reported in otherwise healthy individuals. Clinical manifestations vary considerably, ranging from isolated superficial infection to deep-seated invasive infection—affecting multiple organs—which is often lethal. While there have been a number of advances in the detection of these infections, including the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), diagnosis is often delayed, leading to substantial morbidity and mortality. Although the optimal therapy is controversial, there have also been notable advances in the treatment of these diseases, which often depend on a combination of antifungal therapy, reversal of immunosuppression, and in some cases, surgical resection. In this paper, we review these advances and examine how the management of scedosporiosis and fusariosis may change in the near future.
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