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Zheng J, Dong Z, Jin X, Li J, Zou Y, Bai G, Wu Q, Xu S, Wang Z, Sun X, Liu D, Guo L. In vitro Antibacterial Effect Study of Plasma-Activated Saline on Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:2315-2328. [PMID: 38882657 PMCID: PMC11179663 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s456181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial effects of plasma-activated saline (PAS) on My-cobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Methods We conducted a growth assay on 3 strains of Mtb and an antibiotic sensitivity test on 4 strains of Mtb. Both tests included groups treated with normal saline (NS), PAS, and hydrochloric acid (HCl). The test of antibiotic sensitivity consisted of parallel tests with two concentrations of bacteria suspension: 10-2 and 10-4. The selected antibiotics were rifampicin (RIF), isoniazid (INH), ethambutol (EMB), and streptomycin (SM). The number of bacteria was determined after one month of culture under different conditions. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze the differences in grouping factors at representative time points. Results The growth assay indicated that PAS significantly inhibited the growth of 3 strains of Mtb compared with NS and HCl treatment groups. Furthermore, except for the initial observation time point, the remaining three observation time points consistently demonstrate no significant differences between the NS group and the HCl group. The antibiotic sensitivity test of INH, SM, and RIF indicated that PAS could inhibit the growth of antibiotic-resistant Mtb, and the antibiotic sensitivity test of INH and SM with bacterial suspension concentration of 10-2 and SM with bacterial suspension concentration of 10-4 showed statistically different results. The antibiotic sensitivity test of EMB indicated that the growth of Mtb in PAS was slower than that in NS and HCl in both antibiotic-resistant and sensitive Mtb, but there was no statistical difference. Conclusion The study indicates that PAS contains a significant amount of active substances and exhibits high oxidizability and an acidic pH state. The unique physicochemical properties of PAS significantly delayed the growth of Mtb, compared to the NS and the HCl. PAS not only inhibited the growth of drug-sensitive strains but also significantly enhanced the sensitivity of drug-resistant strains to anti-tuberculosis drugs, which may provide a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbao Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment Hospital in Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zepeng Dong
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianzhen Jin
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment Hospital in Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanwu Zou
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment Hospital in Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710100, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghong Bai
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment Hospital in Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710100, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianhong Wu
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment Hospital in Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710100, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghang Xu
- Center for Plasma Biomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zifeng Wang
- Center for Plasma Biomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingxin Liu
- Center for Plasma Biomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Guo
- Center for Plasma Biomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
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2
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Hahn V, Zühlke D, Winter H, Landskron A, Bernhardt J, Sievers S, Schmidt M, von Woedtke T, Riedel K, Kolb JF. Proteomic profiling of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli GW-AmxH19 isolated from hospital wastewater treated with physical plasma. Proteomics 2024:e2300494. [PMID: 38644344 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Microorganisms which are resistant to antibiotics are a global threat to the health of humans and animals. Wastewater treatment plants are known hotspots for the dissemination of antibiotic resistances. Therefore, novel methods for the inactivation of pathogens, and in particular antibiotic-resistant microorganisms (ARM), are of increasing interest. An especially promising method could be a water treatment by physical plasma which provides charged particles, electric fields, UV-radiation, and reactive species. The latter are foremost responsible for the antimicrobial properties of plasma. Thus, with plasma it might be possible to reduce the amount of ARM and to establish this technology as additional treatment stage for wastewater remediation. However, the impact of plasma on microorganisms beyond a mere inactivation was analyzed in more detail by a proteomic approach. Therefore, Escherichia coli GW-AmxH19, isolated from hospital wastewater in Germany, was used. The bacterial solution was treated by a plasma discharge ignited between each of four pins and the liquid surface. The growth of E. coli and the pH-value decreased during plasma treatment in comparison with the untreated control. Proteome and antibiotic resistance profile were analyzed. Concentrations of nitrite and nitrate were determined as long-lived indicative products of a transient chemistry associated with reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Conversely, hydrogen peroxide served as indicator for reactive oxygen species (ROS). Proteome analyses revealed an oxidative stress response as a result of plasma-generated RNS and ROS as well as a pH-balancing reaction as key responses to plasma treatment. Both, the generation of reactive species and a decreased pH-value is characteristic for plasma-treated solutions. The plasma-mediated changes of the proteome are discussed also in comparison with the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Furthermore, no effect of the plasma treatment, on the antibiotic resistance of E. coli, was determined under the chosen conditions. The knowledge about the physiological changes of ARM in response to plasma is of fundamental interest to understand the molecular basis for the inactivation. This will be important for the further development and implementation of plasma in wastewater remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Hahn
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Daniela Zühlke
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hauke Winter
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Annchristin Landskron
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jörg Bernhardt
- Department of Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Susanne Sievers
- Department of Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Schmidt
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas von Woedtke
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany
- Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Greifswald University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katharina Riedel
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Juergen F Kolb
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany
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3
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Lunder M, Dahle S, Fink R. Cold atmospheric plasma for surface disinfection: a promising weapon against deleterious meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. J Hosp Infect 2024; 143:64-75. [PMID: 37939884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2023.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacteria are becoming increasingly resistant to classical antimicrobial agents, so new approaches need to be explored. AIM To assess the potential of cold atmospheric plasma for the management of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). METHODS The 24, 48, and 72 h resistant and susceptible S. aureus biofilms were exposed to 60, 120, and 180 s treatment with plasma. FINDINGS Increasing the treatment time results in higher cell reduction for both susceptible and resistant strains of S. aureus (P < 0.05). Up to log10 reduction factor of 5.24 cfu/cm2 can be achieved in 180 s of plasma treatment. Furthermore, plasma can substantially alter the cell's metabolisms and impact cell membrane integrity. However, it has not been shown that plasma can reduce biofilm biomass in the case of 24 h and 48 h biofilms, although the 72 h biofilm was more susceptible, and its biomass was decreased (P < 0.05). The accumulation of intrabacterial reactive oxygen species was also observed, which confirms the plasma's induction of oxidative stress. Finally, it was shown that continuous plasma exposure of bacterial cells does not cause resistance to plasma, nor is resistance developed to cefoxitin. CONCLUSION Cold atmospheric plasma is a good candidate for S. aureus and MRSA biofilm treatment and may therefore be of value in the bacterial resistance crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lunder
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - S Dahle
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - R Fink
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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4
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Huang Y, He Z, Zhou H, Wen Y, Ji X, Ding W, Zhu B, Zhang Y, Tan Y, Yang K, Wang Y. The Treatment of Tubal Inflammatory Infertility using Yinjia Tablets through EGFR/MEK/ERK Signaling Pathway based on Network Pharmacology. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:499-509. [PMID: 38572608 DOI: 10.2174/0113892010234591230919074245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Background: Salpingitis obstructive infertility (SOI) refers to infertility caused by abnormal conditions such as tubal adhesion and blockage caused by acute and chronic salpingitis. SOI has a serious impact on women's physical and mental health and family harmony, and it is a clinical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to explore the potential pharmacological mechanisms of the Yinjia tablets (Yin Jia Pian, YJP) on tubal inflammation. Methods: Networks of YJP-associated targets and tubal inflammation-related genes were constructed through the STRING database. Potential targets and pathway enrichment analysis related to the therapeutic efficacy of YJP were identified using Cytoscape and Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (metascape). E. coli was used to establish a rat model of tubal inflammation and to validate the predictions of network pharmacology and the therapeutic efficacy of YJP. H&E staining was used to observe the pathological changes in fallopian tubes. TEM observation of the ultrastructure of the fallopian tubes. ELISA was used to detect the changes of IL-6 and TNF-α in fallopian tubes. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of ESR1. The changes of Bcl-2, ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2, MEK, p-MEK, EGFR, and p-EGFR were detected by western blot. Results: Through database analysis, it was found that YJP shared 105 identical targets with the disease. Network pharmacology analysis showed that IL-6, TNF, and EGFR belong to the top 5 core proteins associated with salpingitis, and EGFR/MEK/ERK may be the main pathway involved. The E. coli-induced disease rat model of fallopian tube tissue showed damage, mitochondrial disruption, and increased levels of the inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α. Tubal inflammatory infertility rats have increased expression of Bcl-2, p-ERK1/2, p-MEK, and p-EGFR, and decreased expression of ESR1. In vivo, experiments showed that YJP improved damage of tissue, inhibited shedding of tubal cilia, and suppressed the inflammatory response of the body. Furthermore, YJP inhibited EGFR/MEK/ERK signaling, inhibited the apoptotic protein Bcl-2, and upregulated ESR1. Conclusion: This study revealed that YJP Reducing tubal inflammation and promoting tissue repair may be associated with inhibition of the EGFR/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yefang Huang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhelin He
- Guang'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guang'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Wen
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoli Ji
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Weijun Ding
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Boyu Zhu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Tan
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kun Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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5
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Goormaghtigh F, Van Bambeke F. Understanding Staphylococcus aureus internalisation and induction of antimicrobial tolerance. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2024; 22:87-101. [PMID: 38180805 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2024.2303018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Staphylococcus aureus, a human commensal, is also one of the most common and serious pathogens for humans. In recent years, its capacity to survive and replicate in phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells has been largely demonstrated. In these intracellular niches, bacteria are shielded from the immune response and antibiotics, turning host cells into long-term infectious reservoirs. Moreover, neutrophils carry intracellular bacteria in the bloodstream, leading to systemic spreading of the disease. Despite the serious threat posed by intracellular S. aureus to human health, the molecular mechanisms behind its intracellular survival and subsequent antibiotic treatment failure remain elusive. AREA COVERED We give an overview of the killing mechanisms of phagocytes and of the impressive arsenal of virulence factors, toxins and stress responses deployed by S. aureus as a response. We then discuss the different barriers to antibiotic activity in this intracellular niche and finally describe innovative strategies to target intracellular persisting reservoirs. EXPERT OPINION Intracellular niches represent a challenge in terms of diagnostic and treatment. Further research using ad-hoc in-vivo models and single cell approaches are needed to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying intracellular survival and tolerance to antibiotics in order to identify strategies to eliminate these persistent bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Goormaghtigh
- Pharmacologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Françoise Van Bambeke
- Pharmacologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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6
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Zhu X, Hong A, Sun X, Wang W, He G, Luo H, Wu Z, Xu Q, Hu Z, Wu X, Huang D, Li L, Zhao X, Deng X. Nigericin is effective against multidrug resistant gram-positive bacteria, persisters, and biofilms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1055929. [PMID: 36605124 PMCID: PMC9807916 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1055929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria pose a significant clinical threat to human health, but the development of antibiotics cannot meet the urgent need for effective agents, especially those that can kill persisters and biofilms. Here, we reported that nigericin showed potent bactericidal activity against various clinical MDR Gram-positive bacteria, persisters and biofilms, with low frequencies of resistance development. Moreover, nigericin exhibited favorable in vivo efficacy in deep-seated mouse biofilm, murine skin and bloodstream infection models. With Staphylococcus aureus, nigericin disrupted ATP production and electron transport chain; cell death was associated with altered membrane structure and permeability. Obtaining nigericin-resistant/tolerant mutants required multiple rounds of challenge, and, cross-resistance to members of several antimicrobial classes was absent, probably due to distinct nigericin action with the GraSR two-component regulatory system. Thus, our work reveals that nigericin is a promising antibiotic candidate for the treatment of chronic or recurrent infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China,State-province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Targeted Drugs from Natural Products, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Anjin Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China,State-province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Targeted Drugs from Natural Products, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xihuan Sun
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Weijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Guanghui He
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China,State-province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Targeted Drugs from Natural Products, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Huan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhenhua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China,State-province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Targeted Drugs from Natural Products, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Qingyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China,State-province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Targeted Drugs from Natural Products, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhiyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China,State-province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Targeted Drugs from Natural Products, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaobing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China,State-province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Targeted Drugs from Natural Products, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Donghong Huang
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China,*Correspondence: Donghong Huang, ; Li Li, ; Xilin Zhao, ; Xianming Deng,
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China,State-province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Targeted Drugs from Natural Products, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China,*Correspondence: Donghong Huang, ; Li Li, ; Xilin Zhao, ; Xianming Deng,
| | - Xilin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China,*Correspondence: Donghong Huang, ; Li Li, ; Xilin Zhao, ; Xianming Deng,
| | - Xianming Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China,State-province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Targeted Drugs from Natural Products, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China,*Correspondence: Donghong Huang, ; Li Li, ; Xilin Zhao, ; Xianming Deng,
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7
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Tang Z, Zhang Y, Xiao S, Gao Y, Duan Y, Liu B, Xiong C, Yang Z, Wu Y, Zhou S. Insight into the impacts and mechanisms of ketone stress on the antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:83746-83755. [PMID: 35771331 PMCID: PMC9245865 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21600-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of toxic organic has posed a substantial pressure on the proliferation of bacterial resistance. While aromatic organics have been demonstrated to enhance the antibiotic resistance in bacteria, no information is yet available on the effects of non-aromatic organics on the variations of bacterial resistance. Here, we investigated the effects of a typical ketone (i.e., methylisobutanone (MIBK)) on the variations of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli (E. coli). The results showed that the growth of resistant E. coli under environmental concentration of 50 μg/L MIBK was firstly inhibited as explained by the transient disruption in the cell membrane and then recovered possibly due to the reactive oxygen species. Exposure to 50 μg/L MIBK gradually raised the abundance of representative resistance gene (ampR) in E. coli. In contrast, the high concentration of 50 mg/L MIBK continuously inhibited the growth of resistant E. coli by disrupting cell membrane and notably promoted the proliferation of ampR through enhancing the horizontal transformation and up-regulating the expression of efflux pump gene. These findings provided the first evidence for the evolution of bacterial resistance in response to ketone organics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenping Tang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Rare Metal Minerals Exploitation and Geological Disposal of Wastes, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Shasha Xiao
- School of Civil Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Yuanyuan Gao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Rare Metal Minerals Exploitation and Geological Disposal of Wastes, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Yi Duan
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- School of Civil Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Boyang Liu
- School of Civil Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Cong Xiong
- School of Civil Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Zhengqing Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Yueyue Wu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Shuai Zhou
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Rare Metal Minerals Exploitation and Geological Disposal of Wastes, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
- School of Civil Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
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8
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Jabłońska-Trypuć A, Makuła M, Włodarczyk-Makuła M, Wołejko E, Wydro U, Serra-Majem L, Wiater J. Inanimate Surfaces as a Source of Hospital Infections Caused by Fungi, Bacteria and Viruses with Particular Emphasis on SARS-CoV-2. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19138121. [PMID: 35805776 PMCID: PMC9265696 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19138121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The carriers of nosocomial infections are the hands of medical personnel and inanimate surfaces. Both hands and surfaces may be contaminated as a result of contact with the patient, their body fluids, and touching contaminated surfaces in the patient’s surroundings. Visually clean inanimate surfaces are an important source of pathogens. Microorganisms have properties thanks to which they can survive in unfavorable conditions, from a few days to several months. Bacteria, viruses and fungi are able to transmit from inanimate surfaces to the skin of the patient and the medical staff. These pathogens include SARS-CoV-2, which can survive on various types of inanimate surfaces, being a potential source of infection. By following the recommendations related to washing and disinfecting hands and surfaces, and using appropriate washing and disinfecting agents with a broad biocidal spectrum, high material compatibility and the shortest duration of action, we contribute to breaking the chain of nosocomial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Jabłońska-Trypuć
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351 Białystok, Poland; (E.W.); (U.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marcin Makuła
- Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Traugutta sq.2, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Maria Włodarczyk-Makuła
- Faculty of Infrastructure and Environment, Częstochowa University of Technology, 69 Dabrowskiego Str., 42-201 Częstochowa, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Wołejko
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351 Białystok, Poland; (E.W.); (U.W.)
| | - Urszula Wydro
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351 Białystok, Poland; (E.W.); (U.W.)
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain;
| | - Józefa Wiater
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Environmental Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351 Białystok, Poland;
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9
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Zhou H, Yang Y, Shang W, Rao Y, Chen J, Peng H, Huang J, Hu Z, Zhang R, Rao X. Pyocyanin biosynthesis protects Pseudomonas aeruginosa from nonthermal plasma inactivation. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:1910-1921. [PMID: 35290715 PMCID: PMC9151332 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important opportunistic human pathogen, which raises a worldwide concern for its increasing resistance. Nonthermal plasma, which is also called cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), is an alternative therapeutic approach for clinical infectious diseases. However, the bacterial factors that affect CAP treatment remain unclear. The sterilization effect of a portable CAP device on different P. aeruginosa strains was investigated in this study. Results revealed that CAP can directly or indirectly kill P. aeruginosa in a time‐dependent manner. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscope showed negligible surface changes between CAP‐treated and untreated P. aeruginosa cells. However, cell leakage occurred during the CAP process with increased bacterial lactate dehydrogenase release. More importantly, pigmentation of the P. aeruginosa culture was remarkably reduced after CAP treatment. Further mechanical exploration was performed by utilizing mutants with loss of functional genes involved in pyocyanin biosynthesis, including P. aeruginosa PAO1 strain‐derived phzA1::Tn, phzA2::Tn, ΔphzA1/ΔphzA2, phzM::Tn and phzS::Tn, as well as corresponding gene deletion mutants based on clinical PA1 isolate. The results indicated that pyocyanin and its intermediate 5‐methyl phenazine‐1‐carboxylic acid (5‐Me‐PCA) play important roles in P. aeruginosa resistance to CAP treatment. The unique enzymes, such as PhzM in the pyocyanin biosynthetic pathway, could be novel targets for the therapeutic strategy design to control the growing P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huyue Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Weilong Shang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yifan Rao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Huagang Peng
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jingbin Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Xiancai Rao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
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10
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Yang L, Niyazi G, Qi Y, Yao Z, Huang L, Wang Z, Guo L, Liu D. Plasma-Activated Saline Promotes Antibiotic Treatment of Systemic Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10081018. [PMID: 34439068 PMCID: PMC8388904 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10081018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are life-threatening due to their strong multidrug resistance, especially since the biofilms formed by MRSA are more difficult to inactivate by antibiotics, causing long term recurrence of infection. Plasma-activated saline (PAS), a derived form of cold atmospheric-pressure plasma, can effectively inactivate bacteria and cancer cells and has been applied to sterilization and cancer treatment. Previous studies have demonstrated that the pretreatment of MRSA with PAS could promote the action of antibiotics. Here, the PAS was used as an antibiotic adjuvant to promote the inactivation of MRSA biofilms by rifampicin and vancomycin, and the combined treatment reduced approximately 6.0-log10 MRSA cells in biofilms. The plasma-activated saline and rifampicin synergistically and effectively reduced the systemic infection in the murine model. The histochemical analysis and the blood hematological and biochemical test demonstrated that the combined treatment with plasma-activated saline and rifampicin improved the blood hematological and biochemical parameters of infected mice by reducing the infection. Therefore, PAS based on plasma technology represents a new strategy for the treatment of infectious disease caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria and alleviating antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (L.Y.); (G.N.)
| | - Gulimire Niyazi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (L.Y.); (G.N.)
| | - Yu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.Q.); (Z.Y.); (L.H.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhiqian Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.Q.); (Z.Y.); (L.H.); (Z.W.)
| | - Lingling Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.Q.); (Z.Y.); (L.H.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.Q.); (Z.Y.); (L.H.); (Z.W.)
| | - Li Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.Q.); (Z.Y.); (L.H.); (Z.W.)
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (D.L.)
| | - Dingxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.Q.); (Z.Y.); (L.H.); (Z.W.)
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (D.L.)
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11
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Muraca GS, Soler-Arango J, Castro GR, Islan GA, Brelles-Mariño G. Improving ciprofloxacin antimicrobial activity through lipid nanoencapsulation or non-thermal plasma on Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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12
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Giacometti F, Shirzad-Aski H, Ferreira S. Antimicrobials and Food-Related Stresses as Selective Factors for Antibiotic Resistance along the Farm to Fork Continuum. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:671. [PMID: 34199740 PMCID: PMC8230312 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global problem and there has been growing concern associated with its widespread along the animal-human-environment interface. The farm-to-fork continuum was highlighted as a possible reservoir of AMR, and a hotspot for the emergence and spread of AMR. However, the extent of the role of non-antibiotic antimicrobials and other food-related stresses as selective factors is still in need of clarification. This review addresses the use of non-antibiotic stressors, such as antimicrobials, food-processing treatments, or even novel approaches to ensure food safety, as potential drivers for resistance to clinically relevant antibiotics. The co-selection and cross-adaptation events are covered, which may induce a decreased susceptibility of foodborne bacteria to antibiotics. Although the available studies address the complexity involved in these phenomena, further studies are needed to help better understand the real risk of using food-chain-related stressors, and possibly to allow the establishment of early warnings of potential resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Giacometti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Hesamaddin Shirzad-Aski
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 49178-67439, Iran;
| | - Susana Ferreira
- CICS-UBI-Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
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13
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Guo L, Yang L, Qi Y, Niyazi G, Huang L, Gou L, Wang Z, Zhang L, Liu D, Wang X, Chen H, Kong MG. Cold Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Caused Protein Damage in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Cells in Biofilms. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9051072. [PMID: 34067642 PMCID: PMC8156483 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9051072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms formed by multidrug-resistant bacteria are a major cause of hospital-acquired infections. Cold atmospheric-pressure plasma (CAP) is attractive for sterilization, especially to disrupt biofilms formed by multidrug-resistant bacteria. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is not clear. In this study, CAP effectively reduced the living cells in the biofilms formed by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and 6 min treatment with CAP reduced the S. aureus cells in biofilms by 3.5 log10. The treatment with CAP caused the polymerization of SaFtsZ and SaClpP proteins in the S. aureus cells of the biofilms. In vitro analysis demonstrated that recombinant SaFtsZ lost its self-assembly capability, and recombinant SaClpP lost its peptidase activity after 2 min of treatment with CAP. Mass spectrometry showed oxidative modifications of a cluster of peaks differing by 16 Da, 31 Da, 32 Da, 47 Da, 48 Da, 62 Da, and 78 Da, induced by reactive species of CAP. It is speculated that the oxidative damage to proteins in S. aureus cells was induced by CAP, which contributed to the reduction of biofilms. This study elucidates the biological effect of CAP on the proteins in bacterial cells of biofilms and provides a basis for the application of CAP in the disinfection of biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.Q.); (L.H.); (Z.W.); (X.W.)
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (D.L.)
| | - Lu Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (L.Y.); (G.N.)
| | - Yu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.Q.); (L.H.); (Z.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Gulimire Niyazi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (L.Y.); (G.N.)
| | - Lingling Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.Q.); (L.H.); (Z.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Lu Gou
- School of Physics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (L.G.); (L.Z.)
| | - Zifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.Q.); (L.H.); (Z.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Physics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (L.G.); (L.Z.)
| | - Dingxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.Q.); (L.H.); (Z.W.); (X.W.)
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (D.L.)
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.Q.); (L.H.); (Z.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Hailan Chen
- Frank Reidy Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA; (H.C.); (M.G.K.)
| | - Michael G. Kong
- Frank Reidy Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA; (H.C.); (M.G.K.)
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
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14
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Ye J, Su Y, Peng X, Li H. Reactive Oxygen Species-Related Ceftazidime Resistance Is Caused by the Pyruvate Cycle Perturbation and Reverted by Fe 3 + in Edwardsiella tarda. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:654783. [PMID: 33995314 PMCID: PMC8113649 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.654783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are related to antibiotic resistance and have been reported in bacteria. However, whether ROS contribute to ceftazidime resistance and plays a role in ceftazidime-mediated killing is unknown. The present study showed lower ROS production in ceftazidime-resistant Edwardsiella tarda (LTB4-RCAZ) than that in LTB4-sensitive E. tarda (LTB4-S), two isogenic E. tarda LTB4 strains, which was related to bacterial viability in the presence of ceftazidime. Consistently, ROS promoter Fe3+ and inhibitor thiourea elevated and reduced the ceftazidime-mediated killing, respectively. Further investigation indicated that the reduction of ROS is related to inactivation of the pyruvate cycle, which provides sources for ROS biosynthesis, but not superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), which degrade ROS. Interestingly, Fe3+ promoted the P cycle, increased ROS biosynthesis, and thereby promoted ceftazidime-mediated killing. The Fe3+-induced potentiation is generalizable to cephalosporins and clinically isolated multidrug-resistant pathogens. These results show that ROS play a role in bacterial resistance and sensitivity to ceftazidime. More importantly, the present study reveals a previously unknown mechanism that Fe3+ elevates ROS production via promoting the P cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhou Ye
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yubin Su
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuanxian Peng
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Li
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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15
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Liao X, Forghani F, Liu D, Ding T. Cumulative damage by nonthermal plasma (NTP) exceeds the defense barrier of multiple antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a key to achieve complete inactivation. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyaa041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive understanding of the nonthermal plasma (NTP)-induced inactivated behaviors on a multiple antibiotic–resistant (MAR) Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus).
Materials and Methods
A dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) NTP system was employed for the inactivation of a MAR S. aureus under various applied powers of 35, 45, and 55 W, and gas distances of 4, 6, and 8 mm. The inactivation kinetics of S. aureus were estimated with linear and nonlinear predictive models. In addition, degradation of carotenoid pigment, peroxidation of fatty acids, oxidation of nucleic acids and proteins, and alteration in gene expression were analyzed after NTP treatment.
Results and Discussion
The computationally simulated results indicated that the densities of various reactive species increased with enhanced applied powers and decreased discharge distances. These species were further transformed into reactive oxidative and nitrogen species in the gas–liquid interphase and liquid phase. The oxidative and nitrosative stress of NTP resulted in severe damage to cellular components and the morphological structure of S. aureus. On the other hand, the plasma reactive species could also induce the sublethal injury of S. aureus through upregulating the general stress response, antioxidative and antinitrosative defensive systems. Once the cumulative damages overrode the stress tolerance of S. aureus, the completed cell death was finally achieved by NTP.
Conclusions
This work infers the possible risk of inducing the repair and resistant capacity of pathogens when the applied NTP parameters are inappropriate, which helps the optimization of NTP process to achieve sufficient inactivation.
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16
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Salcedo-Sora JE, Kell DB. A Quantitative Survey of Bacterial Persistence in the Presence of Antibiotics: Towards Antipersister Antimicrobial Discovery. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E508. [PMID: 32823501 PMCID: PMC7460088 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9080508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bacterial persistence to antibiotics relates to the phenotypic ability to survive lethal concentrations of otherwise bactericidal antibiotics. The quantitative nature of the time-kill assay, which is the sector's standard for the study of antibiotic bacterial persistence, is an invaluable asset for global, unbiased, and cross-species analyses. Methods: We compiled the results of antibiotic persistence from antibiotic-sensitive bacteria during planktonic growth. The data were extracted from a sample of 187 publications over the last 50 years. The antibiotics used in this compilation were also compared in terms of structural similarity to fluorescent molecules known to accumulate in Escherichia coli. Results: We reviewed in detail data from 54 antibiotics and 36 bacterial species. Persistence varies widely as a function of the type of antibiotic (membrane-active antibiotics admit the fewest), the nature of the growth phase and medium (persistence is less common in exponential phase and rich media), and the Gram staining of the target organism (persistence is more common in Gram positives). Some antibiotics bear strong structural similarity to fluorophores known to be taken up by E. coli, potentially allowing competitive assays. Some antibiotics also, paradoxically, seem to allow more persisters at higher antibiotic concentrations. Conclusions: We consolidated an actionable knowledge base to support a rational development of antipersister antimicrobials. Persistence is seen as a step on the pathway to antimicrobial resistance, and we found no organisms that failed to exhibit it. Novel antibiotics need to have antipersister activity. Discovery strategies should include persister-specific approaches that could find antibiotics that preferably target the membrane structure and permeability of slow-growing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Enrique Salcedo-Sora
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK;
| | - Douglas B. Kell
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK;
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Building 220, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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17
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Use of non-thermal plasma pre-treatment to enhance antibiotic action against mature Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:108. [PMID: 32656596 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02891-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Non-thermal plasma (NTP), generated at atmospheric pressure by DC cometary discharge with a metallic grid, and antibiotics (gentamicin-GTM, ceftazidime-CFZ and polymyxin B-PMB), either alone or in combination, were used to eradicate the mature biofilm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa formed on Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Our aim was to find the conditions for NTP pre-treatment capable of enhancing the action of the antibiotics and thus reducing their effective concentrations. The NTP treatment increased the efficacy of relatively low concentrations of antibiotics. Generally, the highest effect was achieved with GTM, which was able to suppress the metabolic activity of pre-formed P. aeruginosa biofilms in the concentration range of 4-9 mg/L by up to 99%. In addition, an apparent decrease of biofilm-covered area was confirmed after combined NTP treatment and GTM action by SYTO®13 staining using fluorescence microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed a complete eradication of P. aeruginosa ATCC 15442 mature biofilm from Ti-6Al-4V alloy when using 0.25 h NTP treatment and subsequent treatment by 8.5 mg/L GTM. Therefore, NTP may be used as a suitable antibiofilm agent in combination with antibiotics for the treatment of biofilm-associated infections caused by this pathogen.
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18
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Rao Y, Shang W, Yang Y, Zhou R, Rao X. Fighting Mixed-Species Microbial Biofilms With Cold Atmospheric Plasma. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1000. [PMID: 32508796 PMCID: PMC7251026 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Most biofilms in nature are formed by multiple microbial species, and such mixed-species biofilms represent the actual lifestyles of microbes, including bacteria, fungi, viruses (phages), and/or protozoa. Microorganisms cooperate and compete in mixed-species biofilms. Mixed-species biofilm formation and environmental resistance are major threats to water supply, food industry, and human health. The methods commonly used for microbial eradication, such as antibiotic or disinfectant treatments, are often ineffective for mixed-species biofilm consortia due to their physical matrix barrier and physiological interactions. For the last decade, an increasing number of investigations have been devoted to the usage of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), which is produced by dielectric barrier discharges or plasma jets to prevent or eliminate microbial biofilms. Here, we summarized the production of CAP, the inactivation of microorganisms upon CAP treatment, and the microbial factors affecting the efficacy of CAP procedure. The applications of CAP as antibiotic alternative strategies for fighting mixed-species biofilms were also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Rao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weilong Shang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Renjie Zhou
- Department of Emergency, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiancai Rao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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19
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Xiao S, Cui P, Shi W, Zhang Y. Identification of essential oils with activity against stationary phase Staphylococcus aureus. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:99. [PMID: 32209108 PMCID: PMC7092464 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-02898-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Staphylococcus aureus is the most dominant human pathogen, responsible for a variety of chronic and severe infections. There is mounting evidence that persisters are associated with treatment failure and relapse of persistent infections. While some essential oils were reported to have antimicrobial activity against growing S. aureus, activity of essential oils against the stationary phase S. aureus enriched in persisters has not been investigated. Methods In this study, we evaluated the activity of 143 essential oils against both growing and stationary phase S. aureus by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing and by colony forming unit assay. Results We identified 39 essential oils (Oregano, Cinnamon bark, Thyme white, Bandit “Thieves”, Lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus), Sandalwood oil, Health shield, Allspice, Amyris, Palmarosa, Cinnamon leaf, Clove bud, Citronella, Geranium bourbon, Marjoram, Peppermint, Lemongrass, Cornmint, Elemi, Ho wood, Head ease, Lemon eucalyptus, Litsea cubeba, Myrrh, Parsley seed, Coriander oil, Dillweed, Hyssop, Neroli, Rosewood oil, Tea tree, Cajeput, Clove bud, Lavender, Sleep tight, Vetiver, Palo santo, Sage oil, Yarrow) at 0.5% (v/v) concentration, 10 essential oils (Cinnamon bark, Oregano, Thyme white, Bandit “Thieves”, Lemongrass, Sandalwood oil, Health shield, Allspice, Amyris, Palmarosa at 0.25% (v/v) concentration, and 7 essential oils (Oregano, Cinnamon bark, Thyme white, Lemongrass, Allspice, Amyris, Palmarosa at 0.125% (v/v) concentration to have high activity against stationary phase S. aureus with no visible growth on agar plates after five-day exposure. Among the 10 essential oils which showed high activity at 0.25% (v/v) concentration, 9 (Oregano, Cinnamon bark, Thyme white, Bandit “Thieves”, Lemongrass, Health shield, Allspice, Palmarosa, Amyris showed higher activity than the known persister drug tosufloxacin, while Sandalwood oil had activity at a higher concentration. In Oregano essential oil combination studies with antibiotics, Oregano plus tosufloxacin (or levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin) and rifampin completely eradicated stationary phase S. aureus cells, but had no apparent enhancement for linezolid, vancomycin, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, azithromycin or gentamicin. Conclusions Our findings indicate that some essential oils have excellent activity against both growing and stationary phase S. aureus. Further studies are needed to identify the active components, evaluate safety, pharmacokinetics, and their activity to eradicate S. aureus infections in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Xiao
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Peng Cui
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Wanliang Shi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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20
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Yang Y, Wang H, Zhou H, Hu Z, Shang W, Rao Y, Peng H, Zheng Y, Hu Q, Zhang R, Luo H, Rao X. Protective Effect of the Golden Staphyloxanthin Biosynthesis Pathway on Staphylococcus aureus under Cold Atmospheric Plasma Treatment. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:e01998-19. [PMID: 31704682 PMCID: PMC6974630 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01998-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus infection poses a serious threat to public health, and antibiotic resistance has complicated the clinical treatment and limited the solutions available to solve this problem. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a promising strategy for microorganism inactivation. However, the mechanisms of microbial inactivation or resistance remain unclear. In this study, we treated S. aureus strains with a self-assembled CAP device and found that CAP can kill S. aureus in an exposure time-dependent manner. In addition, the liquid environment can influence the survival rate of S. aureus post-CAP treatment. The S. aureus cells can be completely inactivated in normal saline and phosphate-buffered saline but not in tryptic soy broth culture medium. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the CAP-treated S. aureus cells maintained integrated morphological structures, similar to the wild-type strain. Importantly, the CAP-treated S. aureus cells exhibited a reduced pigment phenotype. Deletion of the staphyloxanthin biosynthetic genes crtM and crtN deprived the pigmentation ability of S. aureus Newman. Both the Newman-ΔcrtM and Newman-ΔcrtN mutants presented high sensitivity to CAP treatment, whereas Newman-ΔcrtO exhibited a survival rate comparable to wild-type Newman after CAP treatment. Our data demonstrated that the yellow pigment intermediates of the staphyloxanthin biosynthetic pathway are responsible for the protection of S. aureus from CAP inactivation. The key enzymes, such as CrtM and CrtN, of the golden staphyloxanthin biosynthetic pathway could be important targets for the design of novel sterilization strategies against S. aureus infections.IMPORTANCEStaphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen that can be widely distributed in the community and clinical settings. The emergence of S. aureus with multiple-antibiotic resistance has complicated staphylococcal infection control. The development of alternative strategies with powerful bactericidal effects is urgently needed. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a promising strategy for microorganism inactivation. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms of microbial inactivation or resistance are not completely illustrated. In this study, we validated the bactericidal effects of CAP on S. aureus, including antibiotic-resistant strains. We also found that the golden staphyloxanthin, as well as its yellow pigment intermediates, protected S. aureus against CAP, and blocking the staphyloxanthin synthesis pathway at the early steps could strengthen the sensitivity of S. aureus to CAP treatment. These data provide insights into the germicidal mechanism of CAP from the aspect of bacteria and suggest new targets against S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Huyue Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Weilong Shang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yifan Rao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Huagang Peng
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiwen Hu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Haiyun Luo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiancai Rao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Chongqing, China
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21
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Interplay of antibiotic resistance and food-associated stress tolerance in foodborne pathogens. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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22
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Sakudo A, Yagyu Y, Onodera T. Disinfection and Sterilization Using Plasma Technology: Fundamentals and Future Perspectives for Biological Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205216. [PMID: 31640211 PMCID: PMC6834201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that plasma can efficiently inactivate microbial pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses in addition to degrading toxins. Moreover, this technology is effective at inactivating pathogens on the surface of medical and dental devices, as well as agricultural products. The current practical applications of plasma technology range from sterilizing therapeutic medical devices to improving crop yields, as well as the area of food preservation. This review introduces recent advances and future perspectives in plasma technology, especially in applications related to disinfection and sterilization. We also introduce the latest studies, mainly focusing on the potential applications of plasma technology for the inactivation of microorganisms and the degradation of toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akikazu Sakudo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan.
| | - Yoshihito Yagyu
- Department of Electrical and Electric Engineering, National Institute of Technology Sasebo College, Nagasaki 857-1193, Japan.
| | - Takashi Onodera
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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23
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Bhatt S, Mehta P, Chen C, Schneider CL, White LN, Chen HL, Kong MG. Efficacy of low-temperature plasma-activated gas disinfection against biofilm on contaminated GI endoscope channels. Gastrointest Endosc 2019; 89:105-114. [PMID: 30120959 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS It has been increasingly recognized that the safety of GI endoscopes needs to be improved by addressing the small margin of safety of high-level disinfectants (HLDs) and the failure of HLDs to clear multidrug-resistant organisms and biofilms. There is also an unmet need for effective low-temperature sterilization techniques that have a clear pathway for U.S. Food and Drug Administration clearance. Here, we report the results of our investigation of a novel argon plasma-activated gas (PAG) for disinfection and potentially sterilization of biofilm-contaminated endoscopic channels. METHODS Test polytetrafluoroethylene channel segments were contaminated with 4-, 24- and 48-hour luminal biofilms of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Escherichia coli and were treated by PAG flowing for up to 9 minutes. After PAG treatment, inactivation and dispersal of luminal bacterial biofilms and their regrowth in 48 hours were evaluated. Reactive species induced by PAG were measured with colorimetric probes and electron spin resonance spectrometry. Surface morphology and elemental composition of PAG-treated channel material were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS PAG treatment for 9 minutes led to more than 8 log reduction of viable cells and dispersal of 24- and 48-hour luminal biofilms of all 3 bacteria and to suppression of their regrowth, whereas it resulted in little morphologic abnormalities in channel material. Ozone concentration of PAG fell to below .01 ppm within 30 seconds of switching off the plasma. PAG-treated deionized water was acidified with numerous types of reactive species, each with a concentration some 3 orders of magnitude or more below its bacterial inhibition concentration. CONCLUSIONS PAG is capable of effectively and rapidly disinfecting luminal bacterial biofilms and offers an alternative to the step of HLDs and/or ethylene oxide in the endoscope reprocessing procedure with safety to personnel and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Bhatt
- Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Poonam Mehta
- Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Chen Chen
- State Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | | | - Lauren N White
- Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Hai-Lan Chen
- Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Michael G Kong
- Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
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24
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Liao X, Cullen PJ, Liu D, Muhammad AI, Chen S, Ye X, Wang J, Ding T. Combating Staphylococcus aureus and its methicillin resistance gene (mecA) with cold plasma. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 645:1287-1295. [PMID: 30248853 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The increase in antibiotic resistance has become a global challenge to public health. In this study, an atmospheric cold plasma (ACP) system was applied for combating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and its methicillin resistance gene (mecA) during food wastewater treatment. The plate count and flow cytometry methods were employed to estimate the damage in MRSA induced by plasma treatment. A quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) method was used to assess the plasma-induced degradation of the mecA genes. The inactivation of MRSA and degradation of extracellular (e-) and intracellular (i-)mecA genes were investigated in phosphate buffered solution as a function of plasma exposure. A relatively low plasma influence of 0.12 kJ/cm2 accounted for 5-log MRSA and 1.4-log e-mecA genes reduction, while only around 0.19-log degradation for i-mecA genes. As the plasma intensity was accumulated to 0.35 kJ/cm2, the reduction of e- and i-mecA genes was increased to 2.6 and 0.8 logs, respectively. The degradation of i-mecA genes was much slower than that of e-mecA genes due to the protective effects of the outer envelopes or intracellular components against plasma. The matrix effect of wastewater effluents shielded both antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from plasma disinfection, which led to a lower degradation efficacy. Our results could support the development and optimization of plasma-based wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Liao
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - P J Cullen
- BioPlasma Research Group, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Donghong Liu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Aliyu Idris Muhammad
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria
| | - Shiguo Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xingqian Ye
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Chengyang, Qingdao, China
| | - Tian Ding
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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25
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Handorf O, Weihe T, Bekeschus S, Graf AC, Schnabel U, Riedel K, Ehlbeck J. Nonthermal Plasma Jet Treatment Negatively Affects the Viability and Structure of Candida albicans SC5314 Biofilms. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:e01163-18. [PMID: 30143511 PMCID: PMC6193392 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01163-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms are predominantly organized in biofilms, where cells live in dense communities and are more resistant to external stresses than are their planktonic counterparts. With in vitro experiments, the susceptibility of Candida albicans biofilms to a nonthermal plasma treatment (plasma source, kINPen09) in terms of growth, survival, and cell viability was investigated. C. albicans strain SC5314 (ATCC MYA-2876) was plasma treated for different time periods (30 s, 60 s, 120 s, 180 s, 300 s). The results of the experiments, encompassing CFU, fluorescence Live/Dead, and 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide salt (XTT) assays, revealed a negative influence of the plasma treatment on the proliferation ability, vitality, and metabolism of C. albicans biofilms, respectively. Morphological analysis of plasma-treated biofilms using atomic force microscopy supported the indications for lethal plasma effects concomitant with membrane disruptions and the loss of intracellular fluid. Yielding controversial results compared to those of other publications, fluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopic inspection of plasma-treated biofilms indicated that an inactivation of cells appeared mainly on the bottom of the biofilms. If this inactivation leads to a detachment of the biofilms from the overgrown surface, it might offer completely new approaches in the plasma treatment of biofilms. Because of plasma's biochemical-mechanical mode of action, resistance of microbial cells against plasma is unknown at this state of research.IMPORTANCE Microbial communities are an increasing problem in medicine but also in industry. Thus, an efficient and rapid removal of biofilms is becoming increasingly important. With the aid of the kINPen09, a radiofrequency plasma jet (RFPJ) instrument, decisive new findings on the effects of plasma on C. albicans biofilms were obtained. This work showed that the inactivation of biofilms takes place mainly on the bottom, which in turn offers new possibilities for the removal of biofilms by other strategies, e.g., mechanical treatment. This result demonstrated that nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasma is well suited for biofilm decontamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Handorf
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany
| | - T Weihe
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany
| | - S Bekeschus
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany
| | - A C Graf
- Ernst Moritz Arndt University, Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology, Greifswald, Germany
| | - U Schnabel
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany
| | - K Riedel
- Ernst Moritz Arndt University, Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology, Greifswald, Germany
| | - J Ehlbeck
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany
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