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Ferrando N, Pino-Otín MR, Terrado E, Ballestero D, Langa E. Bioactivity of Eugenol: A Potential Antibiotic Adjuvant with Minimal Ecotoxicological Impact. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7069. [PMID: 39000177 PMCID: PMC11241589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Combining commercial antibiotics with adjuvants to lower their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is vital in combating antimicrobial resistance. Evaluating the ecotoxicity of such compounds is crucial due to environmental and health risks. Here, eugenol was assessed as an adjuvant for 7 commercial antibiotics against 14 pathogenic bacteria in vitro, also examining its acute ecotoxicity on various soil and water organisms (microbiota, Vibrio fischeri, Daphnia magna, Eisenia foetida, and Allium cepa). Using microdilution methods, checkerboard assays, and kinetic studies, the MICs for eugenol were determined together with the nature of its combinations with antibiotics against bacteria, some unexposed to eugenol previously. The lethal dose for the non-target organisms was also determined, as well as the Average Well Color Development and the Community-Level Physiological Profiling for soil and water microbiota. Our findings indicate that eugenol significantly reduces MICs by 75 to 98%, which means that it could be a potent adjuvant. Ecotoxicological assessments showed eugenol to be less harmful to water and soil microbiota compared to studied antibiotics. While Vibrio fischeri and Daphnia magna were susceptible, Allium cepa and Eisenia foetida were minimally affected. Given that only 0.1% of eugenol is excreted by humans without metabolism, its environmental risk when used with antibiotics appears minimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ferrando
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, Campus Universitario, Autovía Mudéjar, km. 299, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego, Spain; (N.F.); (M.R.P.-O.); (D.B.)
| | - María Rosa Pino-Otín
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, Campus Universitario, Autovía Mudéjar, km. 299, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego, Spain; (N.F.); (M.R.P.-O.); (D.B.)
| | - Eva Terrado
- Facultad de Educación, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Diego Ballestero
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, Campus Universitario, Autovía Mudéjar, km. 299, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego, Spain; (N.F.); (M.R.P.-O.); (D.B.)
| | - Elisa Langa
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, Campus Universitario, Autovía Mudéjar, km. 299, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego, Spain; (N.F.); (M.R.P.-O.); (D.B.)
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2
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da Silva BF, Pereira AMG, Coelho PAT, de Almeida MVA, Dos Santos HS, Carneiro VA, Costa RA. Antibacterial effectiveness of trans-cinnamaldehyde against foodborne Enterobacteriaceae and its adjuvant effect with gentamicin. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:1647-1654. [PMID: 38374323 PMCID: PMC11153401 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01282-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The Enterobacteriaceae family is recognized as a primary group of Gram-negative pathogens responsible for foodborne illnesses and is frequently associated with antibiotic resistance. The present study explores the natural-based compound trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC) against drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and its synergism with gentamicin (GEN) to address this issue. The research employs three strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter cloacae, previously isolated from shrimp. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by the disk diffusion method, microdilution test, kinetics of growth, and time-kill curve. In addition, the synergistic effect between TC/GEN was investigated by checkerboard assay. All strains showed sensitivity to TC with an inhibition zone diameter > 35 mm. The TC showed inhibitory and bactericidal action in the most tested bacteria around 625 μg/mL. Sub-inhibitory amounts (1/2 and 1/4 MIC) of TC interfered with the growth kinetics by lag phase extension and decreased the log phase. Time-kill curves show a reduction of viable cells after the first hour of TC treatment at bactericidal concentrations. The synergistic effect between TC/GEN was observed for E. coli and E. cloacae strains with FICi ranging from 0.15 to 0.50. These findings, therefore, suggest TC as a promising alternative in the fight against drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae that can cause foodborne illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benise Ferreira da Silva
- Center for Bioprospecting and Applied Molecular Experimentation (NUBEM), University Center INTA - UNINTA, Sobral, Ceará, 62050-100, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Northeast Network of Biotechnology (RENORBIO), State University of Ceará, Campus Itaperi, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60714-903, Brazil.
| | - Antônio Mateus Gomes Pereira
- Center for Bioprospecting and Applied Molecular Experimentation (NUBEM), University Center INTA - UNINTA, Sobral, Ceará, 62050-100, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Northeast Network of Biotechnology (RENORBIO), State University of Ceará, Campus Itaperi, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60714-903, Brazil
| | - Paulo Adenes Teixeira Coelho
- Center for Bioprospecting and Applied Molecular Experimentation (NUBEM), University Center INTA - UNINTA, Sobral, Ceará, 62050-100, Brazil
| | | | - Hélcio Silva Dos Santos
- Center of Exact Science and Technology, Vale of Acaraú State University, Sobral, Ceará, 62040-370, Brazil
| | - Victor Alves Carneiro
- Center for Bioprospecting and Applied Molecular Experimentation (NUBEM), University Center INTA - UNINTA, Sobral, Ceará, 62050-100, Brazil
| | - Renata Albuquerque Costa
- Center for Bioprospecting and Applied Molecular Experimentation (NUBEM), University Center INTA - UNINTA, Sobral, Ceará, 62050-100, Brazil.
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3
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Fimbres-García JO, Flores-Sauceda M, Othón-Díaz ED, García-Galaz A, Tapia-Rodriguez MR, Silva-Espinoza BA, Alvarez-Armenta A, Ayala-Zavala JF. Lippia graveolens Essential Oil to Enhance the Effect of Imipenem against Axenic and Co-Cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:444. [PMID: 38786172 PMCID: PMC11117758 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13050444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This research focuses on assessing the synergistic effects of Mexican oregano (Lippia graveolens) essential oil or carvacrol when combined with the antibiotic imipenem, aiming to reduce the pathogenic viability and virulence of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The study highlighted the synergistic effect of combining L. graveolens essential oil or carvacrol with imipenem, significantly reducing the required doses for inhibiting bacterial growth. The combination treatments drastically lowered the necessary imipenem doses, highlighting a potent enhancement in efficacy against A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa. For example, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for the essential oil/imipenem combinations were notably low, at 0.03/0.000023 mg/mL for A. baumannii and 0.0073/0.000023 mg/mL for P. aeruginosa. Similarly, the combinations significantly inhibited biofilm formation at lower concentrations than when the components were used individually, demonstrating the strategic advantage of this approach in combating antibiotic resistance. For OXA-51, imipenem showed a relatively stable interaction during 30 ns of dynamic simulation of their interaction, indicating changes (<2 nm) in ligand positioning during this period. Carvacrol exhibited similar fluctuations to imipenem, suggesting its potential inhibition efficacy, while thymol showed significant variability, particularly at >10 ns, suggesting potential instability. With IMP-1, imipenem also displayed very stable interactions during 38 ns and demonstrated notable movement and positioning changes within the active site, indicating a more dynamic interaction. In contrast, carvacrol and thymol maintained their position within the active site only ~20 and ~15 ns, respectively. These results highlight the effectiveness of combining L. graveolens essential oil and carvacrol with imipenem in tackling the difficult-to-treat pathogens A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge O. Fimbres-García
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico; (J.O.F.-G.); (A.G.-G.); (B.A.S.-E.)
| | - Marcela Flores-Sauceda
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico; (J.O.F.-G.); (A.G.-G.); (B.A.S.-E.)
| | - Elsa Daniela Othón-Díaz
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico; (J.O.F.-G.); (A.G.-G.); (B.A.S.-E.)
| | - Alfonso García-Galaz
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico; (J.O.F.-G.); (A.G.-G.); (B.A.S.-E.)
| | - Melvin R. Tapia-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencias Alimentarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 5 de Febrero 818 Sur, Col. Centro, Ciudad Obregón 85000, Sonora, Mexico;
| | - Brenda A. Silva-Espinoza
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico; (J.O.F.-G.); (A.G.-G.); (B.A.S.-E.)
| | - Andres Alvarez-Armenta
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62250, Morelos, Mexico;
| | - J. Fernando Ayala-Zavala
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico; (J.O.F.-G.); (A.G.-G.); (B.A.S.-E.)
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Li H, Xu H. Mechanisms of bacterial resistance to environmental silver and antimicrobial strategies for silver: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 248:118313. [PMID: 38280527 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
The good antimicrobial properties of silver make it widely used in food, medicine, and environmental applications. However, the release and accumulation of silver-based antimicrobial agents in the environment is increasing with the extensive use of silver-based antimicrobials, and the prevalence of silver-resistant bacteria is increasing. To prevent the emergence of superbugs, it is necessary to exercise rational and strict control over drug use. The mechanism of bacterial resistance to silver has not been fully elucidated, and this article provides a review of the progress of research on the mechanism of bacterial resistance to silver. The results indicate that bacterial resistance to silver can occur through inducing silver particles aggregation and Ag+ reduction, inhibiting silver contact with and entry into cells, efflux of silver particles and Ag+ in cells, and activation of damage repair mechanisms. We propose that the bacterial mechanism of silver resistance involves a combination of interrelated systems. Finally, we discuss how this information can be used to develop the next generation of silver-based antimicrobials and antimicrobial therapies. And some antimicrobial strategies are proposed such as the "Trojan Horse" - camouflage, using efflux pump inhibitors to reduce silver efflux, working with "minesweeper", immobilization of silver particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Hengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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5
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Saleh NM, Ezzat H, El-Sayyad GS, Zedan H. Regulation of overexpressed efflux pump encoding genes by cinnamon oil and trimethoprim to abolish carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical strains. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:52. [PMID: 38331716 PMCID: PMC10851603 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03194-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Resistance mechanisms are a shelter for Acinetobacter baumannii to adapt to our environment which causes difficulty for the infections to be treated and WHO declares this organism on the top of pathogens priority for new drug development. The most common mechanism that develops drug resistance is the overexpression of the efflux pump, especially Resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) family, to almost most antibiotics. The study is designed to detect RND efflux pump genes in A. baumannii, and its correlation to multidrug resistance, in particular, the carbapenems resistance Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), and using different inhibitors that restore the antibiotic susceptibility of imipenem. Clinical A. baumannii isolates were recovered from different Egyptian hospitals in Intensive care unit (ICU). The expression of genes in two strains was analyzed using RT-PCR before and after inhibitor treatment. About 100 clinical A. baumannii isolates were recovered and identified and recorded as MDR strains with 75% strains resistant to imipenem. adeB, adeC, adeK, and adeJ were detected in thirty- seven the carbapenems resistance Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) strains. Cinnamomum verum oil, Trimethoprim, and Omeprazole was promising inhibitor against 90% of the carbapenems resistance Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) strains with a 2-6-fold decrease in imipenem MIC. Downregulation of four genes was associated with the addition of those inhibitors to imipenem for two the carbapenems resistance Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) (ACN15 and ACN99) strains, and the effect was confirmed in 24 h killing kinetics. Our investigation points to the carbapenems resistance Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) strain's prevalence in Egyptian hospitals with the idea to revive the imipenem activity using natural and chemical drugs as inhibitors that possessed high synergistic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neveen M Saleh
- Department of Microbiology, Egyptian Drug Authority (former National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt.
| | - Hadeer Ezzat
- Department of Microbiology, Egyptian Drug Authority (former National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt
| | - Gharieb S El-Sayyad
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University (ACU), 6th October City, Giza, Egypt.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala City, Suez, Egypt.
- Drug Microbiology Lab., Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Hamdallah Zedan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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6
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Pacyga K, Pacyga P, Topola E, Viscardi S, Duda-Madej A. Bioactive Compounds from Plant Origin as Natural Antimicrobial Agents for the Treatment of Wound Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2100. [PMID: 38396777 PMCID: PMC10889580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The rising prevalence of drug-resistant bacteria underscores the need to search for innovative and nature-based solutions. One of the approaches may be the use of plants that constitute a rich source of miscellaneous compounds with a wide range of biological properties. This review explores the antimicrobial activity of seven bioactives and their possible molecular mechanisms of action. Special attention was focused on the antibacterial properties of berberine, catechin, chelerythrine, cinnamaldehyde, ellagic acid, proanthocyanidin, and sanguinarine against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The growing interest in novel therapeutic strategies based on new plant-derived formulations was confirmed by the growing number of articles. Natural products are one of the most promising and intensively examined agents to combat the consequences of the overuse and misuse of classical antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Pacyga
- Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Pacyga
- Department of Thermodynamics and Renewable Energy Sources, Faculty of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Ewa Topola
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Ludwika Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland; (E.T.); (S.V.)
| | - Szymon Viscardi
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Ludwika Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland; (E.T.); (S.V.)
| | - Anna Duda-Madej
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 4, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
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Ferrando N, Pino-Otín MR, Ballestero D, Lorca G, Terrado EM, Langa E. Enhancing Commercial Antibiotics with Trans-Cinnamaldehyde in Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria: An In Vitro Approach. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:192. [PMID: 38256746 PMCID: PMC10820649 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
One strategy to mitigate the emergence of bacterial resistance involves reducing antibiotic doses by combining them with natural products, such as trans-cinnamaldehyde (CIN). The objective of this research was to identify in vitro combinations (CIN + commercial antibiotic (ABX)) that decrease the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of seven antibiotics against 14 different Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria, most of them classified as ESKAPE. MIC values were measured for all compounds using the broth microdilution method. The effect of the combinations on these microorganisms was analyzed through the checkboard assay to determine the type of activity (synergy, antagonism, or addition). This analysis was complemented with a kinetic study of the synergistic combinations. Fifteen synergistic combinations were characterized for nine of the tested bacteria. CIN demonstrated effectiveness in reducing the MIC of chloramphenicol, streptomycin, amoxicillin, and erythromycin (94-98%) when tested on Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus aureus, Pasteurella aerogenes, and Salmonella enterica, respectively. The kinetic study revealed that when the substances were tested alone at the MIC concentration observed in the synergistic combination, bacterial growth was not inhibited. However, when CIN and the ABX, for which synergy was observed, were tested simultaneously in combination at these same concentrations, the bacterial growth inhibition was complete. This demonstrates the highly potent in vitro synergistic activity of CIN when combined with commercial ABXs. This finding could be particularly beneficial in livestock farming, as this sector witnesses the highest quantities of antimicrobial usage, contributing significantly to antimicrobial resistance issues. Further research focused on this natural compound is thus warranted for this reason.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ferrando
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, Campus Universitario Villanueva de Gállego, Autovía A-23 Zaragoza-Huesca, km. 510, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego, Spain; (N.F.); (M.R.P.-O.); (D.B.); (G.L.)
| | - María Rosa Pino-Otín
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, Campus Universitario Villanueva de Gállego, Autovía A-23 Zaragoza-Huesca, km. 510, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego, Spain; (N.F.); (M.R.P.-O.); (D.B.); (G.L.)
| | - Diego Ballestero
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, Campus Universitario Villanueva de Gállego, Autovía A-23 Zaragoza-Huesca, km. 510, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego, Spain; (N.F.); (M.R.P.-O.); (D.B.); (G.L.)
| | - Guillermo Lorca
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, Campus Universitario Villanueva de Gállego, Autovía A-23 Zaragoza-Huesca, km. 510, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego, Spain; (N.F.); (M.R.P.-O.); (D.B.); (G.L.)
| | - Eva María Terrado
- Departamento de Didácticas Específicas, Facultad de Educación, Universisad de Zaragoza, Calle Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Elisa Langa
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, Campus Universitario Villanueva de Gállego, Autovía A-23 Zaragoza-Huesca, km. 510, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego, Spain; (N.F.); (M.R.P.-O.); (D.B.); (G.L.)
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Chung KM, Nang SC, Tang SS. The Safety of Bacteriophages in Treatment of Diseases Caused by Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1347. [PMID: 37895818 PMCID: PMC10610463 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the urgency due to the rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, bacteriophages (phages), which are viruses that specifically target and kill bacteria, are rising as a potential alternative to antibiotics. In recent years, researchers have begun to elucidate the safety aspects of phage therapy with the aim of ensuring safe and effective clinical applications. While phage therapy has generally been demonstrated to be safe and tolerable among animals and humans, the current research on phage safety monitoring lacks sufficient and consistent data. This emphasizes the critical need for a standardized phage safety assessment to ensure a more reliable evaluation of its safety profile. Therefore, this review aims to bridge the knowledge gap concerning phage safety for treating MDR bacterial infections by covering various aspects involving phage applications, including phage preparation, administration, and the implications for human health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Mun Chung
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Sue C Nang
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Swee Seong Tang
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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Cirino ICDS, de Santana CF, Bezerra MJR, Rocha IV, Luz ACDO, Coutinho HDM, de Figueiredo RCBQ, Raposo A, Lho LH, Han H, Leal-Balbino TC. Comparative transcriptomics analysis of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in response to treatment with the terpenic compounds thymol and carvacrol. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115189. [PMID: 37481932 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a gram-negative opportunistic bacterium that has become a major public health concern and a substantial medical challenge due to its ability to acquire multidrug resistance (MDR), extended-drug resistance, or pan-drug resistance. In this study, we evaluated the antibacterial activity of thymol and carvacrol alone or in combination against clinical isolates of MDR A. baumannii. Additionally, we used RNA-sequency to perform a comparative transcriptomic analysis of the effects of carvacrol and thymol on the Acb35 strain under different treatment conditions. Our results demonstrated that thymol and carvacrol alone, effectively inhibited the bacterial growth of MDR A. baumannii isolates, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) lower than 500 μg/mL. Furthermore, the combination of thymol and carvacrol exhibited either synergistic (FICI ≤ 0.5) or additive effects (0.5 < FICI ≤ 4), enhancing their antibacterial activity. Importantly, these compounds were found to be non-cytotoxic to Vero cells and did not cause hemolysis in erythrocytes at concentrations that effectively inhibited bacterial growth. Transcriptomic analysis revealed the down-regulation of mRNA associated with ribosomal subunit assemblies under all experimental conditions tested. However, the up-regulation of specific genes encoding stress response proteins and transcriptional regulators varied depending on the experimental condition, particularly in response to the treatment with carvacrol and thymol in combination. Based on our findings, thymol and carvacrol demonstrate promising potential as chemotherapeutic agents for controlling MDR A. baumannii infections. These compounds exhibit strong antibacterial activity, particularly in combination and lower cytotoxicity towards mammalian cells. The observed effects on gene expression provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of action, highlighting the regulation of stress response pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis Caroline da Silva Cirino
- Department of Microbiology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute - Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, PE, Brazil; Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, CEP 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Igor Vasconcelos Rocha
- Department of Microbiology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute - Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - António Raposo
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Linda Heejung Lho
- College of Business Division of Tourism and Hotel Management, Cheongju University, 298 Daesung-ro, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28503, Republic of Korea.
| | - Heesup Han
- College of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Gwanjin-Gu, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea.
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Narendrakumar L, Chakraborty M, Kumari S, Paul D, Das B. β-Lactam potentiators to re-sensitize resistant pathogens: Discovery, development, clinical use and the way forward. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1092556. [PMID: 36970185 PMCID: PMC10036598 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1092556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
β-lactam antibiotics are one of the most widely used and diverse classes of antimicrobial agents for treating both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial infections. The β-lactam antibiotics, which include penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams and carbapenems, exert their antibacterial activity by inhibiting the bacterial cell wall synthesis and have a global positive impact in treating serious bacterial infections. Today, β-lactam antibiotics are the most frequently prescribed antimicrobial across the globe. However, due to the widespread use and misapplication of β-lactam antibiotics in fields such as human medicine and animal agriculture, resistance to this superlative drug class has emerged in the majority of clinically important bacterial pathogens. This heightened antibiotic resistance prompted researchers to explore novel strategies to restore the activity of β-lactam antibiotics, which led to the discovery of β-lactamase inhibitors (BLIs) and other β-lactam potentiators. Although there are several successful β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor combinations in use, the emergence of novel resistance mechanisms and variants of β-lactamases have put the quest of new β-lactam potentiators beyond precedence. This review summarizes the success stories of β-lactamase inhibitors in use, prospective β-lactam potentiators in various phases of clinical trials and the different strategies used to identify novel β-lactam potentiators. Furthermore, this review discusses the various challenges in taking these β-lactam potentiators from bench to bedside and expounds other mechanisms that could be investigated to reduce the global antimicrobial resistance (AMR) burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lekshmi Narendrakumar
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Infection and Immunology Division, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
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11
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Herman A, Herman AP. Herbal Products and Their Active Constituents Used Alone and in Combination with Antibiotics against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:168-182. [PMID: 35995069 DOI: 10.1055/a-1890-5559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge acquired on herbal products and their active constituents with antimicrobial activity used alone and in combination with antibiotics against multidrug-resistant bacteria. The most promising herbal products and active constituents used alone against multidrug-resistant bacteria are Piper betle (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), Glycyrrhiza glabra (methicillin-resistant S. aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, P. aeruginosa), and berberine (methicillin-resistant S. aureus, A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa), respectively. The synergistic effect of the combination of herbal products and their active constituents with antibiotics against multidrug-resistant bacteria are also described. These natural antibacterial agents can be promising sources of inhibitors, which can modulate antibiotic activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria, especially as efflux pump inhibitors. Other possible mechanisms of action of herbal therapy against multidrug-resistant bacteria including modification of the bacterial cell wall and/or membrane, inhibition of the cell division protein filamenting temperature sensitive Z-ring, and inhibition of protein synthesis and gene expression, all of which will also be discussed. Our review suggests that combination herbal therapy and antibiotics can be effectively used to expand the spectrum of their antimicrobial action. Therefore, combination therapy against multidrug-resistant bacteria may enable new choices for the treatment of infectious diseases and represents a potential area for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Herman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Warsaw School of Engineering and Health, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej P Herman
- Department of Genetic Engineering, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jabłonna near Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Chetri S. The culmination of multidrug-resistant efflux pumps vs. meager antibiotic arsenal era: Urgent need for an improved new generation of EPIs. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1149418. [PMID: 37138605 PMCID: PMC10149990 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1149418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Efflux pumps function as an advanced defense system against antimicrobials by reducing the concentration of drugs inside the bacteria and extruding the substances outside. Various extraneous substances, including antimicrobials, toxic heavy metals, dyes, and detergents, have been removed by this protective barrier composed of diverse transporter proteins found in between the cell membrane and the periplasm within the bacterial cell. In this review, multiple efflux pump families have been analytically and widely outlined, and their potential applications have been discussed in detail. Additionally, this review also discusses a variety of biological functions of efflux pumps, including their role in the formation of biofilms, quorum sensing, their survivability, and the virulence in bacteria, and the genes/proteins associated with efflux pumps have also been explored for their potential relevance to antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic residue detection. A final discussion centers around efflux pump inhibitors, particularly those derived from plants.
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13
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Fimbres-García JO, Flores-Sauceda M, Othon-Díaz ED, García-Galaz A, Tapia-Rodríguez MR, Silva-Espinoza BA, Ayala-Zavala JF. Facing Resistant Bacteria with Plant Essential Oils: Reviewing the Oregano Case. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121777. [PMID: 36551436 PMCID: PMC9774595 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a serious global threat, and the misuse of antibiotics is considered its main cause. It is characterized by the expression of bacterial defense mechanisms, e.g., β-lactamases, expulsion pumps, and biofilm development. Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are antibiotic-resistant species that cause high morbidity and mortality. Several alternatives are proposed to defeat antibiotic resistance, including antimicrobial peptides, bacteriophages, and plant compounds. Terpenes from different plant essential oils have proven antimicrobial action against pathogenic bacteria, and evidence is being generated about their effect against antibiotic-resistant species. That is the case for oregano essential oil (Lippia graveolens), whose antibacterial effect is widely attributed to carvacrol, its main component; however, minor constituents could have an important contribution. The analyzed evidence reveals that most antibacterial evaluations have been performed on single species; however, it is necessary to analyze their activity against multispecies systems. Hence, another alternative is using plant compounds to inactivate hydrolytic enzymes and biofilms to potentiate antibiotics' effects. Despite the promising results of plant terpenes, more extensive and deep mechanistic studies are needed involving antibiotic-resistant multispecies to understand their full potential against this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge O. Fimbres-García
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
| | - Marcela Flores-Sauceda
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
| | - Elsa Daniela Othon-Díaz
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
| | - Alfonso García-Galaz
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
| | - Melvin R. Tapia-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencias Alimentarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 5 de Febrero 818 sur, Col. Centro, Ciudad Obregón 85000, Mexico
| | - Brenda A. Silva-Espinoza
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
| | - Jesus F. Ayala-Zavala
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-6622892400 (ext. 430)
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14
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Vidya Raj CK, Venugopal J, Muthaiah M, Chadha VK, Brammacharry U, Swappna M, Sangeetha AV, Dhandapani SP, Kareedhi VR, Calivarathan L, Karthick M, Jayapal K. In-vitro anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis effect of Eugenol. Indian J Tuberc 2022; 69:647-654. [PMID: 36460403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2021.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis has developed resistance to most of the available antimicrobials. Therefore research on the detection of new antimicrobials against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is needed urgently. Essential oils extracted from plants have been shown to have anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis effect in in-vitro experiments. Essential oil contains many chemicals and any one or more than one chemical may have the anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis effect. Eugenol is one such chemical in the essential oil and the anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis effect of eugenol is investigated. METHODS The anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis effect of eugenol was evaluated against H37Rv and twelve clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the BD BACTEC MGIT instrument using different volumes of eugenol. RESULTS H37Rv and all the twelve clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were inhibited by eugenol. The minimal inhibitory concentration of H37Rv was 2.5 μl (2.67 mg) and those of the clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ranged from to 2.5 μl (2.67 mg) to 10 μl (10.68 mg). CONCLUSION Eugenol has anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis effect in the in-vitro BD BACTEC MGIT method.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Vidya Raj
- State TB Training & Demonstration Center, Intermediate Reference Laboratory, Government Hospital for Chest Diseases, Puducherry, 605006, India
| | - Jayapal Venugopal
- Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth University (Grade A), Pillaiyar Kuppam, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu, 607 402, India.
| | - Muthuraj Muthaiah
- State TB Training & Demonstration Center, Intermediate Reference Laboratory, Government Hospital for Chest Diseases, Puducherry, 605006, India
| | | | - Usharani Brammacharry
- Department of Genetics, Dr. ALM. Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Tharamani, Chennai, 600113, India
| | - M Swappna
- Central Leprosy Teaching & Research Institute, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, 603001, India
| | - A V Sangeetha
- Central Leprosy Teaching & Research Institute, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, 603001, India
| | - Senthil Pragash Dhandapani
- Central Leprosy Teaching & Research Institute, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, 603001, India
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15
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Akhmouch AA, Hriouech S, Mzabi A, Tanghort M, Chefchaou H, Remmal A, Chami N. Synergistic Action of AMX Associated with 1,8-Cineole and Its Effect on the ESBL Enzymatic Resistance Mechanism. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11081002. [PMID: 35892393 PMCID: PMC9331605 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study is twofold. First, it aims to evaluate the synergistic action of the ß-lactam antibiotic; AMX is associated with 1,8-cineole on six clinical isolates of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. Second, it aims to determine the effect this association has on the ESBL enzymatic resistance mechanism. The synergistic action of AMX/1,8-cineole was evaluated using partial inhibitory concentrations (PIC), determined by a microplate, a checkerboard and time-kill assays. The effect of AMX/1,8-cineole associations on the ESBL enzymatic resistance mechanism was evaluated using a new optimized enzymatic assay. This assay was based on the determination of the AMX antibacterial activity when combined with 1,8-cineole (at subinhibitory concentrations) in the presence or absence of the ß-lactamase enzyme toward a sensitive E. coli strain. The results of both checkerboard and time-kill assays showed a strong synergistic action between AMX and 1,8-cineole. The results of the enzymatic assay showed that the combination of AMX with 1,8-cineole notably influences the enzymatic resistance of the reaction by decreasing the affinity of the β-lactam antibiotic, AMX, to the β-lactamase enzyme. All obtained results suggested that the AMX/1,8-cineole association could be employed in therapy to overcome bacterial resistance to AMX while reducing the prevalence of resistance.
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16
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Huang L, Wu C, Gao H, Xu C, Dai M, Huang L, Hao H, Wang X, Cheng G. Bacterial Multidrug Efflux Pumps at the Frontline of Antimicrobial Resistance: An Overview. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11040520. [PMID: 35453271 PMCID: PMC9032748 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11040520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug efflux pumps function at the frontline to protect bacteria against antimicrobials by decreasing the intracellular concentration of drugs. This protective barrier consists of a series of transporter proteins, which are located in the bacterial cell membrane and periplasm and remove diverse extraneous substrates, including antimicrobials, organic solvents, toxic heavy metals, etc., from bacterial cells. This review systematically and comprehensively summarizes the functions of multiple efflux pumps families and discusses their potential applications. The biological functions of efflux pumps including their promotion of multidrug resistance, biofilm formation, quorum sensing, and survival and pathogenicity of bacteria are elucidated. The potential applications of efflux pump-related genes/proteins for the detection of antibiotic residues and antimicrobial resistance are also analyzed. Last but not least, efflux pump inhibitors, especially those of plant origin, are discussed.
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17
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Feng Y, de Vos AL, Khan S, St John M, Hasan T. Quantitative Insights Into β-Lactamase Inhibitor's Contribution in the Treatment of Carbapenemase-Producing Organisms With β-Lactams. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:756410. [PMID: 34867880 PMCID: PMC8636936 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.756410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Carbapenemase-producing organisms (CPOs) are associated with high mortality rates. The recent development of β-lactamase inhibitors (BLIs) has made it possible to control CPO infections safely and effectively with β-lactams (BLs). This study aims to explicate the quantitative relationship between BLI’s β-lactamase inhibition and CPO’s BL susceptibility restoration, thereby providing the infectious disease society practical scientific grounds for regulating the use of BL/BLI in CPO infection treatment. Methods: A diverse collection of human CPO infection isolates was challenged by three structurally representative BLIs available in the clinic. The resultant β-lactamase inhibition, BL susceptibility restoration, and their correlation were followed quantitatively for each isolate by coupling FIBA (fluorescence identification of β-lactamase activity) and BL antibiotic susceptibility testing. Results: The β-lactamase inhibition and BL susceptibility restoration are positively correlated among CPOs under the treatment of BLIs. Both of them are dependent on the target CPO’s carbapenemase molecular identity. Of note, without sufficient β-lactamase inhibition, CPO’s BL susceptibility restoration is universally low across all tested carbapenemase molecular groups. However, a high degree of β-lactamase inhibition would not necessarily lead to a substantial BL susceptibility restoration in CPO probably due to the existence of non-β-lactamase BL resistance mechanisms. Conclusion: BL/BLI choice and dosing should be guided by quantitative tools that can evaluate the inhibition across the entire β-lactamase background of the CPO upon the BLI administion. Furthermore, rapid molecular diagnostics for BL/BLI resistances, especially those sensitive to β-lactamase independent BL resistance mechanisms, should be exploited to prevent ineffective BL/BLI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Feng
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Arend L de Vos
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Shakir Khan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mary St John
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,School of Arts and Sciences, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Health Sciences and Technology (Harvard-MIT), Cambridge, MA, United States
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18
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Thirapanmethee K, Kanathum P, Khuntayaporn P, Huayhongthong S, Surassmo S, Chomnawang MT. Cinnamaldehyde: A plant-derived antimicrobial for overcoming multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infection. Eur J Integr Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2021.101376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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19
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Chotchindakun K, Pekkoh J, Ruangsuriya J, Zheng K, Unalan I, Boccaccini AR. Fabrication and Characterization of Cinnamaldehyde-Loaded Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles/PHBV-Based Microspheres for Preventing Bacterial Infection and Promoting Bone Tissue Regeneration. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1794. [PMID: 34072334 PMCID: PMC8198921 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV) is considered a suitable polymer for drug delivery systems and bone tissue engineering due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, the lack of bioactivity and antibacterial activity hinders its biomedical applications. In this study, mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBGN) were incorporated into PHBV to enhance its bioactivity, while cinnamaldehyde (CIN) was loaded in MBGN to introduce antimicrobial activity. The blank (PHBV/MBGN) and the CIN-loaded microspheres (PHBV/MBGN/CIN5, PHBV/MBGN/CIN10, and PHBV/MBGN/CIN20) were fabricated by emulsion solvent extraction/evaporation method. The average particle size and zeta potential of all samples were investigated, as well as the morphology of all samples evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. PHBV/MBGN/CIN5, PHBV/MBGN/CIN10, and PHBV/MBGN/CIN20 significantly exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in the first 3 h, while CIN releasing behavior was observed up to 7 d. Human osteosarcoma cell (MG-63) proliferation and attachment were noticed after 24 h cell culture, demonstrating no adverse effects due to the presence of microspheres. Additionally, the rapid formation of hydroxyapatite on the composite microspheres after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) during 7 d revealed the bioactivity of the composite microspheres. Our findings indicate that this system represents an alternative model for an antibacterial biomaterial for potential applications in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittipat Chotchindakun
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Jeeraporn Pekkoh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Jetsada Ruangsuriya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Functional Food Research Unit, Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kai Zheng
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (K.Z.); (I.U.)
| | - Irem Unalan
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (K.Z.); (I.U.)
| | - Aldo R. Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (K.Z.); (I.U.)
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20
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Du GF, Yin XF, Yang DH, He QY, Sun X. Proteomic Investigation of the Antibacterial Mechanism of trans-Cinnamaldehyde against Escherichia coli. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:2319-2328. [PMID: 33749271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Trans-Cinnamaldehyde (TC) is a widely used food additive, known for its sterilization, disinfection, and antiseptic properties. However, its antibacterial mechanism is not completely understood. In this study, quantitative proteomics was performed to investigate differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in Escherichia coli in response to TC treatment. Bioinformatics analysis suggested aldehyde toxicity, acid stress, oxidative stress, interference of carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, and protein translation as the bactericidal mechanism. E. coli BW25113ΔyqhD, ΔgldA, ΔbetB, ΔtktB, ΔgadA, ΔgadB, ΔgadC, and Δrmf were used to investigate the functions of DEPs through biochemical methods. The present study revealed that TC exerts its antibacterial effects by inducing the toxicity of its aldehyde group producing acid stress. These findings will contribute to the application of TC in the antibacterial field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Fei Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Medical Technology School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Xing-Feng Yin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Dong-Hong Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qing-Yu He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xuesong Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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21
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Verma P, Tiwari M, Tiwari V. Efflux pumps in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: Current status and challenges in the discovery of efflux pumps inhibitors. Microb Pathog 2021; 152:104766. [PMID: 33545327 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is an ESKAPE pathogen known to cause fatal nosocomial infections. With the surge of multidrug resistance (MDR) in the bacterial system, effective treatment measures have become very limited. The MDR in A. baumannii is contributed by various factors out of which efflux pumps have gained major attention due to their broad substrate specificity and wide distribution among bacterial species. The efflux pumps are involved in the MDR as well as contribute to other physiological processes in bacteria, therefore, it is critically important to inhibit efflux pumps in order to combat emerging resistance. The present review provides insight about the different efflux pump systems in A. baumannii and their role in multidrug resistance. A major focus has been put on the different strategies and alternate therapeutics to inhibit the efflux system. This includes use of different efflux pump inhibitors-natural, synthetic or combinatorial therapy. The use of phage therapy and nanoparticles for inhibiting efflux pumps have also been discussed here. Moreover, the present review provides the knowledge of barriers in development of efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) and their approval for commercialization. Here, different prospectives have been discussed to improve the therapeutic development process and make it more compatible for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Privita Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, 305817, India
| | - Monalisa Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, 305817, India
| | - Vishvanath Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, 305817, India.
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22
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McCarthy RR, Larrouy-Maumus GJ, Meiqi Tan MGC, Wareham DW. Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms and Their Transmission in Acinetobacter baumannii. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1313:135-153. [PMID: 34661894 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67452-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of penicillin over 90 years ago and its subsequent uptake by healthcare systems around the world revolutionised global health. It marked the beginning of a golden age in antibiotic discovery with new antibiotics readily discovered from natural sources and refined into therapies that saved millions of lives. Towards the end of the last century, the rate of discovery slowed to a near standstill. The lack of discovery is compounded by the rapid emergence and spread of bacterial pathogens that exhibit resistance to multiple antibiotic therapies and threaten the sustainability of global healthcare systems. Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen whose prevalence and impact has grown significantly over the last 20 years. It is recognised as a barometer of the antibiotic resistance crisis due to the diverse array of mechanisms by which it can become resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan R McCarthy
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.
| | - Gerald J Larrouy-Maumus
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mei Gei C Meiqi Tan
- Antimicrobial Research Group, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - David W Wareham
- Antimicrobial Research Group, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
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23
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Corrêa RCG, Heleno SA, Alves MJ, Ferreira ICFR. Bacterial Resistance: Antibiotics of Last Generation used in Clinical Practice and the Arise of Natural Products as New Therapeutic Alternatives. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:815-837. [PMID: 32091328 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200224105153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to therapeutical drugs has been a serious issue over the last decades. In fact, the quick development of resistance mechanisms by the microorganisms has been fatal for millions of people around the world, turning into a public health issue. The major cause of the resistance mechanisms is the overuse of antimicrobials. European countries try to implement mechanisms to overcome antimicrobial resistance in the community through the rational use of antimicrobials. The scientific community has been exhaustively dedicated to the discovering of new, safer and efficient drugs, being the exploitation of natural resources, mainly plants and fungi, considered as a hot topic in the field of antimicrobial agents. Innumerous reports have already shown the promising capacity of natural products or molecules extracted from these natural resources, to act as bacteriostatic and bactericidal agents. More importantly, these natural agents present significantly lower harmful effects. Bearing that in mind, this review aims at giving a contribution to the knowledge about the synthetic antibiotics of the last generation. Moreover, it is intended to provide information about the last advances regarding the discovery of new antimicrobial agents. Thus, a compilation of the chemical characteristics, efficiency, harmful outcomes and resistance mechanisms developed by the microorganisms can be consulted in the following sections together with a critical discussion, in line with the recent approaches. Furthermore, modern strategies for the prospection of novel anti-infective compounds for tackling resistant bacteria have been considered as also a current synopsis of plants and mushrooms with relevant antimicrobial potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rúbia C G Corrêa
- Centro de Investigacao de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politecnico de Braganca, Campus de Santa Apolonia, Braganca, Portugal.,Program of Master in Science, Technology and Food Safety, Cesumar Institute of Science Technology and Innovation (ICETI), University Center of Maringa (UNICESUMAR), Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Sandrina A Heleno
- Centro de Investigacao de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politecnico de Braganca, Campus de Santa Apolonia, Braganca, Portugal
| | - Maria J Alves
- Centro de Investigacao de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politecnico de Braganca, Campus de Santa Apolonia, Braganca, Portugal
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Centro de Investigacao de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politecnico de Braganca, Campus de Santa Apolonia, Braganca, Portugal
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24
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Balasubramanian AR, Vasudevan S, Shanmugam K, Lévesque CM, Solomon AP, Neelakantan P. Combinatorial effects of trans-cinnamaldehyde with fluoride and chlorhexidine on Streptococcus mutans. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:382-393. [PMID: 32707601 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC) and its synergistic activity with chlorhexidine (CHX) and fluoride against Streptococcus mutans. METHODS AND RESULTS Streptococcus mutans UA159 was treated with TC alone and in combination with CHX or sodium fluoride. The synergy profile was analysed using the Zero Interaction Potency model. TC showed strong synergism (synergy score of 21·697) with CHX, but additive effect (synergy score of 5·298) with fluoride. TC and the combinations were tested for acid production (glycolytic pH drop) and biofilm formation by S. mutans, and nitric oxide production in macrophages. TC significantly inhibited sucrose-dependent biofilm formation and acid production by S. mutans. Mechanistic studies were carried out by qRT-PCR-based transcriptomic studies which showed that TC acts by impairing genes related to metabolism, quorum sensing, bacteriocin expression, stress tolerance and biofilm formation. CONCLUSIONS trans-Cinnamaldehyde potentiates CHX and sodium fluoride in inhibiting S. mutans biofilms and virulence through multiple mechanisms. This study sheds significant new light on the potential to develop TC as an anti-caries treatment. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Oral diseases were classified as a 'silent epidemic' in the US Surgeon General's Report on Oral Health. Two decades later, >4 billion people are still affected worldwide by caries, having significant effects on the quality of life. There is an urgent need to develop novel compounds and strategies to combat dental caries. Here, we prove that TC downregulates multiple pathways and potentiates the CHX and fluoride to prevent S. mutans biofilms and virulence. This study sheds significant new light on the potential to develop TC in combination with CHX or fluoride as novel treatments to arrest dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Balasubramanian
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - S Vasudevan
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - K Shanmugam
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - C M Lévesque
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A P Solomon
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - P Neelakantan
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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25
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Ragno R, Papa R, Patsilinakos A, Vrenna G, Garzoli S, Tuccio V, Fiscarelli E, Selan L, Artini M. Essential oils against bacterial isolates from cystic fibrosis patients by means of antimicrobial and unsupervised machine learning approaches. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2653. [PMID: 32060344 PMCID: PMC7021809 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59553-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent and chronic respiratory tract infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients result in progressive lung damage and represent the primary cause of morbidity and mortality. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the earliest bacteria in CF infants and children. Starting from early adolescence, patients become chronically infected with Gram-negative non-fermenting bacteria, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is the most relevant and recurring. Intensive use of antimicrobial drugs to fight lung infections inevitably leads to the onset of antibiotic resistant bacterial strains. New antimicrobial compounds should be identified to overcome antibiotic resistance in these patients. Recently interesting data were reported in literature on the use of natural derived compounds that inhibited in vitro S. aureus and P. aeruginosa bacterial growth. Essential oils, among these, seemed to be the most promising. In this work is reported an extensive study on 61 essential oils (EOs) against a panel of 40 clinical strains isolated from CF patients. To reduce the in vitro procedure and render the investigation as convergent as possible, machine learning clusterization algorithms were firstly applied to pick-up a fewer number of representative strains among the panel of 40. This approach allowed us to easily identify three EOs able to strongly inhibit bacterial growth of all bacterial strains. Interestingly, the EOs antibacterial activity is completely unrelated to the antibiotic resistance profile of each strain. Taking into account the results obtained, a clinical use of EOs could be suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rino Ragno
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy. .,Alchemical Dynamics s.r.l, 00125, Rome, Italy.
| | - Rosanna Papa
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Alexandros Patsilinakos
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.,Alchemical Dynamics s.r.l, 00125, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Vrenna
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Garzoli
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Vanessa Tuccio
- Laboratories and Pediatrics Departments, Children's Hospital and Institute Research Bambino Gesù, Rome, 00165, Italy
| | - ErsiliaVita Fiscarelli
- Laboratories and Pediatrics Departments, Children's Hospital and Institute Research Bambino Gesù, Rome, 00165, Italy
| | - Laura Selan
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Marco Artini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
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26
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Pal A, Tripathi A. Quercetin inhibits carbapenemase and efflux pump activities among carbapenem‐resistant Gram‐negative bacteria. APMIS 2020; 128:251-259. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.13015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Pal
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine KolkataIndia
| | - Anusri Tripathi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine Kolkata India
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27
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Giovagnoni G, Tugnoli B, Piva A, Grilli E. Organic Acids and Nature Identical Compounds Can Increase the Activity of Conventional Antibiotics Against Clostridium Perfringens and Enterococcus Cecorum In Vitro. J APPL POULTRY RES 2019. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfz101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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28
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Dhara L, Tripathi A. Cinnamaldehyde: a compound with antimicrobial and synergistic activity against ESBL-producing quinolone-resistant pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 39:65-73. [PMID: 31624984 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03692-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Usage of cephalosporin and quinolone antibiotics has aggravated the development of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing quinolone-resistant (QR) pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae. The present study aims to determine antimicrobial activity of cinnamaldehyde alone or in combination with cefotaxime/ciprofloxacin to reverse the drug resistance and evaluations of efficacy, and possible molecular mechanism of action of the combination was also evaluated using in vitro assays. Broth microdilution assay was used to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of cinnamaldehyde and antibiotics against ESBL-QR Enterobacteriaceae. Synergistic effect and dynamic interaction with antibiotics were further examined by checkerboard assay, isobologram analysis, and time-kill assay, respectively. Cellular morphology of bacteria was viewed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Effects of cinnamaldehyde and its combination on the expression of gene encoding-porins (ompC, ompF, ompK35, and ompK36), efflux pump genes (acrB-E. coli, acrB-K. pneumoniae), and antibiotic-resistant genes (blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTXM, and QnrB) were evaluated using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Majority of the E. coli (32.1%) and K. pneumoniae (24.2%) isolates demonstrated MIC of cinnamaldehyde at 7.34 μg/mL and 0.91 g/mL, respectively. Synergism between cinnamaldehyde and cefotaxime was noted among 75% E. coli and 60.6% K. pneumoniae. Similarly, synergism with ciprofloxacin was observed among 39.6% and 42.4% of the bacteria, respectively. Thus, cinnamaldehyde reduced MIC of cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin 2-1024-fold with bactericidal and/synergistic effect after 24 h. Cinnamaldehyde and its combination altered gene expression by ~ 1.6 to ~ 400-fold. Distorted bacterial cell structures were visible after treatment with cinnamaldehyde and/or with cefotaxime/ciprofloxacin. The results indicated the potential efficacy and mode of action of cinnamaldehyde alone and in combination with antibiotics against pathogenic ESBL-QR bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Dhara
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, 108, C.R. Avenue, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Anusri Tripathi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, 108, C.R. Avenue, Kolkata, 700073, India.
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