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Yu T, Sun Z, Cao X, Yang F, Pang Q, Deng H. Identification and characterization of TatD DNase in planarian Dugesia japonica and its antibiofilm effect. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 251:118534. [PMID: 38395336 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
TatD DNase, a key enzyme in vertebrates and invertebrates, plays a pivotal role in various physiological processes. Dugesia japonica (D. japonica), a flatworm species, has remarkable regenerative capabilities and possesses a simplified immune system. However, the existence and biological functions of TatD DNase in D. japonica require further investigation. Here, we obtained the open reading frame (ORF) of DjTatD and demonstrated its conservation. The three-dimensional structure of DjTatD revealed its active site and binding mechanism. To investigate its enzymological properties, we overexpressed, purified, and characterized recombinant DjTatD (rDjTatD). We observed that DjTatD was primarily expressed in the pharynx and its expression could be significantly challenged upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. RNA interference results indicated that both DjTatD and DjDN2s play a role in pharyngeal regeneration and may serve as functional complements to each other. Additionally, we found that rDjTatD and recombinant T7DjTatD effectively reduce biofilm formation regardless of their bacterial origin. Together, our results demonstrated that DjTatD may be involved in the planarian immune response and pharyngeal regeneration. Furthermore, after further optimization in the future, rDjTatD and T7DjTatD can be considered highly effective antibiofilm agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Yu
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Xiangyu Cao
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Fengtang Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China.
| | - Qiuxiang Pang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China.
| | - Hongkuan Deng
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China; Shandong Jiuyi Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Zibo, 255000, China.
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Yin D, Jiang N, Cheng C, Sang X, Feng Y, Chen R, Chen Q. Protein Lactylation and Metabolic Regulation of the Zoonotic Parasite Toxoplasma gondii. GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2023; 21:1163-1181. [PMID: 36216028 PMCID: PMC11082259 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The biology of Toxoplasma gondii, the causative pathogen of one of the most widespread parasitic diseases (toxoplasmosis), remains poorly understood. Lactate, which is derived from glucose metabolism, is not only an energy source in a variety of organisms, including T. gondii, but also a regulatory molecule that participates in gene activation and protein function. Lysine lactylation (Kla) is a type of post-translational modifications (PTMs) that has been recently associated with chromatin remodeling; however, Kla of histone and non-histone proteins has not yet been studied in T. gondii. To examine the prevalence and function of lactylation in T. gondii parasites, we mapped the lactylome of proliferating tachyzoite cells and identified 1964 Kla sites on 955 proteins in the T. gondii RH strain. Lactylated proteins were distributed in multiple subcellular compartments and were closely related to a wide variety of biological processes, including mRNA splicing, glycolysis, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, RNA transport, and many signaling pathways. We also performed a chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) analysis using a lactylation-specific antibody and found that the histones H4K12la and H3K14la were enriched in the promoter and exon regions of T. gondii associated with microtubule-based movement and cell invasion. We further confirmed the delactylase activity of histone deacetylases TgHDAC2-4, and found that treatment with anti-histone acetyltransferase (TgMYST-A) antibodies profoundly reduced protein lactylation in T. gondii. This study offers the first dataset of the global lactylation proteome and provides a basis for further dissecting the functional biology of T. gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqi Yin
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110166, China; The Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110166, China; The Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Chang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110166, China; The Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiaoyu Sang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110166, China; The Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110166, China; The Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Ran Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110166, China; The Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Qijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110166, China; The Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang 110866, China.
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3
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Yu C, Dong H, Li Q, Wang X, Mao F, Qian M, Niu J, Cheng X, Liao C. Biological Characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes Following Deletion of TatD-like Protein Gene. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:118. [PMID: 36853439 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03229-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
TatD is the subunit of the twin-arginine translocation (Tat) pathway. Members of TatD family are multifunctional, conserved and widely presented proteins in most prokaryotes. It has been reported that Tat can affect bacterial motility in some bacteria. This study was conducted to determine the contribution of the TatD protein (herein named LmTatD) to the regulation of flagella in Listeria monocytogenes. We constructed an LmTatD gene mutant in L. monocytogenes strain 10403 s and evaluated its biological characteristics. The results showed no difference in growth or morphology between the wild-type strain and the ΔLmTatD mutant. Intriguingly, the ΔLmTatD mutant showed impaired swimming motility and flagella structure but increased biofilm formation. Comparative proteomic analysis using tandem mass tag (TMT) combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC‒MS/MS) was performed to determine differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). The results revealed that 134 proteins out of 2228 total proteins identified were differentially expressed, among which 18 proteins were upregulated and 116 proteins were downregulated in the ΔLmTatD mutant. Analysis of DEPs indicated that the reduced expression levels of the proteins related to flagellar assembly in the ΔLmTatD mutant correlate with its characteristics. Compared to the wild-type strain, the most downregulated proteins in the ΔLmTatD mutant included FlaA, FliD, FliR, FlgD, FlgL, and FlgG. Collectively, our data suggest that although LmTatD is not required for growth in L. monocytogenes, loss of LmTatD reduces flagellar production and motility by regulating flagellar assembly-related protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Yu
- Animal Diseases and Public Health Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, Luoyang Polytechnic, Luoyang, 471023, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology /Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Road, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Hefan Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology /Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Road, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Qi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology /Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Road, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Fuchao Mao
- Animal Diseases and Public Health Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, Luoyang Polytechnic, Luoyang, 471023, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology /Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Road, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Man Qian
- College of Animal Science and Technology /Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Road, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Junhui Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology /Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Road, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Xiangchao Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology /Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Road, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Chengshui Liao
- College of Animal Science and Technology /Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Road, Luoyang, 471023, China.
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Yu S, Wang J, Luo X, Zheng H, Wang L, Yang X, Wang Y. Transmission-Blocking Strategies Against Malaria Parasites During Their Mosquito Stages. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:820650. [PMID: 35252033 PMCID: PMC8889032 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.820650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is still the most widespread parasitic disease and causes the most infections globally. Owing to improvements in sanitary conditions and various intervention measures, including the use of antimalarial drugs, the malaria epidemic in many regions of the world has improved significantly in the past 10 years. However, people living in certain underdeveloped areas are still under threat. Even in some well-controlled areas, the decline in malaria infection rates has stagnated or the rates have rebounded because of the emergence and spread of drug-resistant malaria parasites. Thus, new malaria control methods must be developed. As the spread of the Plasmodium parasite is dependent on the part of its life cycle that occurs in mosquitoes, to eliminate the possibility of malaria infections, transmission-blocking strategies against the mosquito stage should be the first choice. In fact, after the gametocyte enters the mosquito body, it undergoes a series of transformation processes over a short period, thus providing numerous potential blocking targets. Many research groups have carried out studies based on targeting the blocking of transmission during the mosquito phase and have achieved excellent results. Meanwhile, the direct killing of mosquitoes could also significantly reduce the probability of malaria infections. Microorganisms that display complex interactions with Plasmodium, such as Wolbachia and gut flora, have shown observable transmission-blocking potential. These could be used as a biological control strategy and play an important part in blocking the transmission of malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Yu
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Luo
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Luhan Wang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuesen Yang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Wang,
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Dongchao Z, Ning J, Qijun C. Loss of rhoptry protein 9 impeded Toxoplasma gondii infectivity. Acta Trop 2020; 207:105464. [PMID: 32302689 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligatory intracellular parasite that critically depends on active invasion and egress from infected host cells to complete its propagation cycle. T. gondii rhoptry proteins (TgROPs) are virulent factors associated with host cell invasion, growth. In this study, we analyzed the functions of ROP9 in the process of T. gondii infection. The TgROP9 knockout RH strain (RH△ROP9) and its recovery strain (RH-ReROP9) were constructed using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The invasion, proliferation, and egress efficiency of the RH△ROP9 strain were evaluated and their pathogenicity to mice was analyzed. Compared with RH wild-type (RH-WT) and RH-ReROP9 strains, the invasion percentage of RH△ROP9 to Vero cells was reduced by about 28.0% (p< 0.01) at 1.5 h, and the relative proliferation percentage was decreased by about 35.0% (p< 0.01) after infection with 102 or 103 parasites. In addition, the RH△ROP9 strain also showed prolonged egress time from host cells. The survival time of the mice (12.6 ± 1.6 or 10.1 ± 1.1 days) were delayed (p < 0.001) after infection with either 200 or 1000 RH△ROP9 parasites. These evidences suggested that ROP9 facilitated T. gondii infection in vitro and in vivo.
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Zhang N, Jiang N, Zhang K, Zheng L, Zhang D, Sang X, Feng Y, Chen R, Yang N, Wang X, Cheng Z, Suo X, Lun Z, Chen Q. Landscapes of Protein Posttranslational Modifications of African Trypanosoma Parasites. iScience 2020; 23:101074. [PMID: 32403088 PMCID: PMC7218301 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins of all living cells undergo a myriad of post-translational modifications (PTMs) that are critical to multifarious life processes. In this study, we describe the first comprehensive multiple PTM-omics atlas in parallel with quantitative proteome analyses of two representative species of African trypanosomes, Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma evansi. Ten PTM types with approximately 40,000 modified sites and 150 histone marks with a fine map on each protein of the two African trypanosomes were accomplished. The two biologically different trypanosomal species displayed distinct PTM-omic features, regulation pathways, and networks. Modifications in the proteins involved in the redox system were mainly upregulated in T. brucei, whereas proteins associated with motility were predominantly modified in T. evansi. The establishment of a database of multiple PTMs in the two parasites provides us with a deep insight into the biological mechanisms that underpin life processes in trypanosomes with different life cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China; The Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China; The Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China; The Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Lili Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China; The Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiaoyu Sang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China; The Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China; The Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Ran Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China; The Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Na Yang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- College of Basic Sciences, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Zhongyi Cheng
- Jingjie PTM Biolab (Hangzhou) Co. Ltd, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xun Suo
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory & College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhaorong Lun
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Qijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China; The Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China.
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Lee KY, Cheon SH, Kim DG, Lee SJ, Lee BJ. A structural study of TatD from Staphylococcus aureus elucidates a putative DNA-binding mode of a Mg 2+-dependent nuclease. IUCRJ 2020; 7:509-521. [PMID: 32431834 PMCID: PMC7201278 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252520003917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
TatD has been thoroughly investigated as a DNA-repair enzyme and an apoptotic nuclease, and still-unknown TatD-related DNases are considered to play crucial cellular roles. However, studies of TatD from Gram-positive bacteria have been hindered by an absence of atomic detail and the resulting inability to determine function from structure. In this study, an X-ray crystal structure of SAV0491, which is the TatD enzyme from the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus (SaTatD), is reported at a high resolution of 1.85 Å with a detailed atomic description. Although SaTatD has the common TIM-barrel fold shared by most TatD-related homologs, and PDB entry 2gzx shares 100% sequence identity with SAV0491, the crystal structure of SaTatD revealed a unique binding mode of two phosphates interacting with two Ni2+ ions. Through a functional study, it was verified that SaTatD has Mg2+-dependent nuclease activity as a DNase and an RNase. In addition, structural comparison with TatD homologs and the identification of key residues contributing to the binding mode of Ni2+ ions and phosphates allowed mutational studies to be performed that revealed the catalytic mechanism of SaTatD. Among the key residues composing the active site, the acidic residues Glu92 and Glu202 had a critical impact on catalysis by SaTatD. Furthermore, based on the binding mode of the two phosphates and structural insights, a putative DNA-binding mode of SaTatD was proposed using in silico docking. Overall, these findings may serve as a good basis for understanding the relationship between the structure and function of TatD proteins from Gram-positive bacteria and may provide critical insights into the DNA-binding mode of SaTatD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Yeon Lee
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Cheon
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gyun Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jae Lee
- PAL-XFEL, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Jin Lee
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Yin D, Jiang N, Zhang Y, Wang D, Sang X, Feng Y, Chen R, Wang X, Yang N, Chen Q. Global Lysine Crotonylation and 2-Hydroxyisobutyrylation in Phenotypically Different Toxoplasma gondii Parasites. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:2207-2224. [PMID: 31488510 PMCID: PMC6823851 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a unicellular protozoan parasite of the phylum Apicomplexa. The parasite repeatedly goes through a cycle of invasion, division and induction of host cell rupture, which is an obligatory process for proliferation inside warm-blooded animals. It is known that the biology of the parasite is controlled by a variety of mechanisms ranging from genomic to epigenetic to transcriptional regulation. In this study, we investigated the global protein posttranslational lysine crotonylation and 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation of two T. gondii strains, RH and ME49, which represent distinct phenotypes for proliferation and pathogenicity in the host. Proteins with differential expression and modification patterns associated with parasite phenotypes were identified. Many proteins in T. gondii were crotonylated and 2-hydroxyisobutyrylated, and they were localized in diverse subcellular compartments involved in a wide variety of cellular functions such as motility, host invasion, metabolism and epigenetic gene regulation. These findings suggest that lysine crotonylation and 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation are ubiquitous throughout the T. gondii proteome, regulating critical functions of the modified proteins. These data provide a basis for identifying important proteins associated with parasite development and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqi Yin
- Key Laoratory of Animal Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110166, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Key Laoratory of Animal Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110166, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key Laoratory of Animal Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110166, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Key Laoratory of Animal Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110166, China
| | - Xiaoyu Sang
- Key Laoratory of Animal Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110166, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Key Laoratory of Animal Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110166, China
| | - Rang Chen
- Key Laoratory of Animal Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110166, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- College of Basic Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110166, China
| | - Na Yang
- Key Laoratory of Animal Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110166, China
| | - Qijun Chen
- Key Laoratory of Animal Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110166, China.
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Zhang D, Jiang N, Chen Q. ROP9, MIC3, and SAG2 are heparin-binding proteins in Toxoplasma gondii and involved in host cell attachment and invasion. Acta Trop 2019; 192:22-29. [PMID: 30664845 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is an obligatory intracellular parasite that can infect varieties of warm-blooded animals, including humans and birds. Heparan sulfate (HS) is widely distributed on the eukaryotic cell surface of vertebrates and can inhibit T. gondii invasion. In this study, we investigated the transcription and expression of the level of TgROP9, TgMIC3, and TgSAG2 in T. gondii RH strain, and found that the expression levels of these three proteins in invading parasites were higher compared to those free ranging parasites. The recombinant proteins showed specific binding activity to both heparin and host cell surface. Incubation of these proteins with the host cells could block T. gondiiinvasion. Furthermore, protein-specific antibodies also blocked parasite invasion. Antibodies in the sera of T. gondii infected individuals recognized the recombinant TgROP9, TgMIC3, and TgSAG2, which suggested the exposure of these proteins to human immune system. Mice immunized with the three proteins exhibited protective immunity against lethal challenge. The data collectively suggested that these parasitic proteins may be used as candidate antigens for development of anti-toxoplasmosis vaccine.
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10
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Zhou Y, Xiao B, Jiang N, Sang X, Yang N, Feng Y, Jiang L, Chen Q. Expression and functional analysis of the TatD-like DNase of Plasmodium knowlesi. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:629. [PMID: 30541605 PMCID: PMC6291984 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3251-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, human infection by the simian malaria parasite Plasmodium knowlesi has increased in Southeast Asia, leading to growing concerns regarding the cross-species spread of the parasite. Consequently, a deeper understanding of the biology of P. knowlesi is necessary in order to develop tools for control of the emerging disease. TatD-like DNase expressed at the surface of P. falciparum has recently been shown to counteract host innate immunity and is thus a potential malaria vaccine candidate. Methods The expression of the TatD DNase of P. knowlesi (PkTatD) was confirmed by both Western-blot and immunofluorescent assay. The DNA catalytic function of the PkTatD was confirmed by digestion of DNA with the recombinant PkTatD protein in the presence of various irons. Results In the present study, we investigated the expression of the homologous DNase in P. knowlesi. The expression of TatD-like DNase in P. knowslesi (PkTatD) was verified by Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence assays. Like that of the P. falciparum parasite, PkTatD was also found to be located on the surface of erythrocytes infected by the parasites. Biochemical analysis indicated that PkTatD can hydrolyze DNA and this activity is magnesium-dependent. Conclusions We identified that PkTatD expressed on the surface of P. knowlesi-infected RBCs is a Mg2+-dependent DNase and exhibits a stronger hydrolytic capacity than TatD from P. falciparum. The data support our previous findings that TatD-like DNase is a unanimously expressed virulence factor of Plasmodium parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yapan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Unit of Human Parasite Molecular and Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Xiaoyu Sang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Na Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Lubin Jiang
- Unit of Human Parasite Molecular and Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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Qi X, Yue X, Han Y, Jiang P, Yang F, Lei JJ, Liu RD, Zhang X, Wang ZQ, Cui J. Characterization of Two Trichinella spiralis Adult-Specific DNase II and Their Capacity to Induce Protective Immunity. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2504. [PMID: 30455671 PMCID: PMC6230719 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxyribonuclease II (DNase II) is a widespread endonuclease, which can degrade the DNA. Trichinella spiralis adult-specific DNase II-1 (TsDNase II-1) and DNase II-7 (TsDNase II-7) were identified in excretory-secretory (ES) or surface proteins of adult worm (AW) and intestinal infective larvae (IIL) using immunoproteomics with early infection sera. The aim of this study was to characterize the two T. spiralis DNase II enzymes and to investigate their role as potential vaccine candidate target molecules. The cDNA sequences of the two DNase II enzymes from 3 days old AWs of T. spiralis were cloned and expressed. The sequencing results showed that the complete cDNA sequences of the two DNase II enzymes were 1221 and 1161 bp long, and the predicted open reading frames encoded 347 and 348 amino acids, respectively. On Western blot analysis, natural TsDNase II-1 and TsDNase II-7 in the crude extracts of IIL, AWs, and newborn larvae (NBL) and AW ES proteins were recognized by both anti-rTsDNase II-1 and anti-rTsDNase II-7 sera. Indirect immunofluorescence test and qPCR showed that the two DNase II enzymes were highly expressed at AW and NBL stages and were mainly located at the cuticle and stichosome of the nematode. Vaccination with the two recombinant DNase II enzymes triggered prominent humoral responses that exhibited significant immune protection against T. spiralis larval infection, as demonstrated by the notable reduction in intestinal AW and muscle larva burdens. Specific antibodies to the two molecules evidently inhibited the in vitro parasite invasion of enterocytes and participated in the killing of NBL by an antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) mode. The enzymes DNase II-1 and DNase II-7 are the potential target molecules for anti-Trichinella vaccine for blocking both larval invasion and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhong Q. Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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