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Aboelnaga N, Elsayed SW, Abdelsalam NA, Salem S, Saif NA, Elsayed M, Ayman S, Nasr M, Elhadidy M. Deciphering the dynamics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation: from molecular signaling to nanotherapeutic advances. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:188. [PMID: 38519959 PMCID: PMC10958940 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01511-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) represents a global threat, necessitating the development of effective solutions to combat this emerging superbug. In response to selective pressures within healthcare, community, and livestock settings, MRSA has evolved increased biofilm formation as a multifaceted virulence and defensive mechanism, enabling the bacterium to thrive in harsh conditions. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms contributing to biofilm formation across its developmental stages, hence representing a step forward in developing promising strategies for impeding or eradicating biofilms. During staphylococcal biofilm development, cell wall-anchored proteins attach bacterial cells to biotic or abiotic surfaces; extracellular polymeric substances build scaffolds for biofilm formation; the cidABC operon controls cell lysis within the biofilm, and proteases facilitate dispersal. Beside the three main sequential stages of biofilm formation (attachment, maturation, and dispersal), this review unveils two unique developmental stages in the biofilm formation process for MRSA; multiplication and exodus. We also highlighted the quorum sensing as a cell-to-cell communication process, allowing distant bacterial cells to adapt to the conditions surrounding the bacterial biofilm. In S. aureus, the quorum sensing process is mediated by autoinducing peptides (AIPs) as signaling molecules, with the accessory gene regulator system playing a pivotal role in orchestrating the production of AIPs and various virulence factors. Several quorum inhibitors showed promising anti-virulence and antibiofilm effects that vary in type and function according to the targeted molecule. Disrupting the biofilm architecture and eradicating sessile bacterial cells are crucial steps to prevent colonization on other surfaces or organs. In this context, nanoparticles emerge as efficient carriers for delivering antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents throughout the biofilm architecture. Although metal-based nanoparticles have been previously used in combatting biofilms, its non-degradability and toxicity within the human body presents a real challenge. Therefore, organic nanoparticles in conjunction with quorum inhibitors have been proposed as a promising strategy against biofilms. As nanotherapeutics continue to gain recognition as an antibiofilm strategy, the development of more antibiofilm nanotherapeutics could offer a promising solution to combat biofilm-mediated resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmeen Aboelnaga
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Salma W Elsayed
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nehal Adel Abdelsalam
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Salma Salem
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nehal A Saif
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Manar Elsayed
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shehab Ayman
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maha Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elhadidy
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt.
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt.
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
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Singh CP, Rai PK, Kumar M, Tiwari V, Tiwari A, Sharma A, Sharma K. Emphasis on Nanostructured Lipid Carriers in the Ocular Delivery of Antibiotics. Pharm Nanotechnol 2024; 12:126-142. [PMID: 37519002 DOI: 10.2174/2211738511666230727102213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug distribution to the eye is still tricky because of the eye's intricate structure. Systemic delivery, as opposed to more traditional methods like eye drops and ointments, is more effective but higher doses can be harmful. OBJECTIVE The use of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNPs) as a method of drug delivery has been the subject of research since the 1990s. Since SLNPs are derived from naturally occurring lipids, they pose no health risks to the user. To raise the eye's absorption of hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs, SLNs can promote corneal absorption and improve the ocular bioavailability of SLNPs. METHODS To address problems related to ocular drug delivery, many forms of nano formulation were developed. Some of the methods developed are, emulsification and ultra-sonication, high-speed stirring and ultra-sonication, thin layer hydration, adapted melt-emulsification, and ultrasonication techniques, hot o/w micro-emulsion techniques, etc. Results: Nanostructured lipid carriers are described in this review in terms of their ocular penetration mechanism, structural characteristic, manufacturing process, characterization, and advantages over other nanocarriers. CONCLUSION Recent developments in ocular formulations with nanostructured bases, such as surfacemodified attempts have been made to increase ocular bioavailability in both the anterior and posterior chambers by incorporating cationic chemicals into a wide variety of polymeric systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Pratap Singh
- Usha college of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, Vijaygaon, Ambedkar Nagar, 224122, UP, India
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Invertis University, Bareilly, 243123, UP, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Rai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Invertis University, Bareilly, 243123, UP, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CT University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Varsha Tiwari
- Pharmacy Academy, IFTM University, Lodhipur-Rajput, Moradabad, 244102, India
| | - Abhishek Tiwari
- Pharmacy Academy, IFTM University, Lodhipur-Rajput, Moradabad, 244102, India
| | - Ajay Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Kamini Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CT University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Hadi N, Nakhaeitazreji S, Kakian F, Hashemizadeh Z, Ebrahiminezhad A, Chong JWR, Berenjian A, Show PL. Superior Performance of Iron-Coated Silver Nanoparticles and Cefoxitin as an Antibiotic Composite Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): A Population Study. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00957-y. [PMID: 37957480 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00957-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The synergistic effects of antimicrobial nanostructures with antibiotics present a promising solution for overcoming resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Previous studies have introduced iron as a novel coating for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to enhance both economic efficiency and potency against S. aureus. However, there are currently no available data on the potential of these novel nanostructures to reverse MRSA resistance. To address this gap, a population study was conducted within the MRSA community, collecting a total of 48 S. aureus isolates from skin lesions. Among these, 21 isolates (43.75%) exhibited cefoxitin resistance as determined by agar disk diffusion assay. Subsequently, a PCR test confirmed the presence of the mecA gene in 20 isolates, verifying them as MRSA. These results highlight the cefoxitin disk diffusion susceptibility test as an accurate screening method for predicting mecA-mediated resistance in MRSA. Synergy tests were performed on cefoxitin, serving as a marker antibiotic, and iron-coated AgNPs (Fe@AgNPs) in a combination study using the checkerboard assay. The average minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) of cefoxitin were calculated as 11.55 mg/mL and 3.61 mg/mL, respectively. The findings indicated a synergistic effect (FIC index < 0.5) between Fe@AgNPs and cefoxitin against 90% of MRSA infections, while an additive effect (0.5 ≤ FIC index ≤ 1) could be expected in 10% of infections. These results suggest that Fe@AgNPs could serve as an economically viable candidate for co-administration with antibiotics to reverse resistance in MRSA infections within skin lesions. Such findings may pave the way for the development of future treatment strategies against MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahal Hadi
- Department of Bacteriology & Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Nakhaeitazreji
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Students Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farshad Kakian
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Students Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Hashemizadeh
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Students Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Jun Wei Roy Chong
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Aydin Berenjian
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Fang M, Lin L, Zheng M, Liu W, Lin R. Antibacterial functionalized carbon dots and their application in bacterial infections and inflammation. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:9386-9403. [PMID: 37720998 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01543b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections and inflammation pose a severe threat to human health and the social economy. The existence of super-bacteria and the increasingly severe phenomenon of antibiotic resistance highlight the development of new antibacterial agents. Due to low cytotoxicity, high biocompatibility, and different antibacterial mechanisms from those for antibiotics, functionalized carbon dots (FCDs) promise a new platform for the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases. However, few articles have systematically sorted out the available antibacterial mechanisms for FCDs and their application in the treatment of bacterial inflammation. This review focuses on the available antibacterial mechanisms for FCDs, including covalent and non-covalent interactions, reactive oxygen species, photothermal therapy, and size effect. Meanwhile, the design of antibacterial FCDs is introduced, including surface modification, doping, and combination with other nanomaterials. Furthermore, this review specifically concentrates on the research advances of antibacterial FCDs in the treatment of bacterial inflammation. Finally, the advantages and challenges of applying FCDs in practical antimicrobial applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Fang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Liping Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Muyue Zheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Rongguang Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Qin B, Wu S, Dong H, Deng S, Liu Y, Zhang W, Feng G, Lei L, Xie H. Accelerated Healing of Infected Diabetic Wounds by a Dual-Layered Adhesive Film Cored with Microsphere-Loaded Hydrogel Composite Dressing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:33207-33222. [PMID: 37418597 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic wounds, a prevalent chronic disease, are associated with older age. The hyperglycemic microenvironment in diabetic wounds significantly reduces the immune system, inducing bacterial invasion. The coupling of tissue repair and antibacterial treatment is critical for infected diabetic ulcer regeneration. In this study, a dual-layered sodium alginate/carboxymethyl chitosan (SA/CMCS) adhesive film cored with an SA-bFGF microsphere-loaded small intestine submucosa (SIS) hydrogel composite dressing with a graphene oxide (GO)-based antisense transformation system was developed to promote infected diabetic wound healing and bacterial eradication. Initially, our injectable SIS-based hydrogel composite stimulated angiogenesis, collagen deposition, and immunoregulation in diabetic wound repair. The GO-based transformation system subsequently inhibited bacterial viability in infected wounds by post-transformation regulation. Meanwhile, the SA/CMCS film provided stable adhesion covering the wound area to maintain a moist microenvironment, which promoted in situ tissue repair. Our findings provide a promising clinical translation strategy for promoting the healing of infected diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boquan Qin
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Med-X Center for Materials, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Shizhou Wu
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Hongxian Dong
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Shu Deng
- Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02215-1300, United States
| | - Yunjie Liu
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Wanli Zhang
- Core Facilities of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Guoying Feng
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Lei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Huiqi Xie
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Med-X Center for Materials, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
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Tsai MJ, Lin CY, Trousil J, Sung CT, Lee MH, Fang JY, Yang SC. Proteinase K/Retinoic Acid-Loaded Cationic Liposomes as Multifunctional Anti-Acne Therapy to Disorganize Biofilm and Regulate Keratinocyte Proliferation. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:3879-3896. [PMID: 37483315 PMCID: PMC10361279 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s416966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Simultaneous anti-Cutibacterium acnes and anti-inflammatory actions are highly beneficial in treating acne vulgaris. In this study, we present novel anti-acne nanovesicles based on liposomes loaded with proteinase K (PK), retinoic acid (RA), and soyaethyl morpholinium ethosulfate (SME) to achieve an effective and safe treatment. Materials and Methods This study examined in vitro planktonic and biofilm C. acnes elimination, as well as the keratinocyte proliferation suppression by liposomes. The multifunctional liposomes for treating C. acnes in mice were also evaluated. Results We acquired multifunctional liposomes with a size of 71 nm and zeta potential of 31 mV. The antimicrobial activity of SME was enhanced after liposomal encapsulation according to the reduction of minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) by 6-fold. The multifunctional liposomes exhibited a synergistically inhibitory effect on biofilm C. acnes colonization compared with the liposomes containing PK or those containing SME individually. The adhesive bacterial colony in the microplate was lessened by 62% after multifunctional liposome intervention. All liposomal formulations tested here demonstrated no cytotoxicity against the normal keratinocytes but inhibited C. acnes-stimulated cell hyperproliferation. The in vitro scratch assay indicated that the liposomal RA-but not free RA-restrained keratinocyte migration. The animal study showed that free RA combined with SME and multifunctional nanovesicles had a similar effect on diminishing C. acnes colonies in the skin. On the other hand, liposomes exhibited superior performance in recovering the impaired skin barrier function than the free control. We also found that RA-loaded nanovesicles had greater skin tolerability than free RA. Conclusion The cationic liposomes containing dual PK and RA represented a potential treatment to arrest bacterial infection and associated inflammation in acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jun Tsai
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Jhong Siao Urological Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Lin
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jiří Trousil
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Calvin T Sung
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Mei-Hua Lee
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chun Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Soochow University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Krishnan S, Sivaraman S, Jothipandiyan S, Venkatachalam P, Ramiah Shanmugam S, Paramasivam N. Bioprospecting of aqueous phase from pyrolysis of plant waste residues to disrupt MRSA biofilms. BIOFOULING 2023; 39:231-243. [PMID: 37144617 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2023.2207461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections have increased at an alarming rate, recently. In India, stubble burning and air pollution due to the burning of agricultural and forest residues have also increased over the past decade causing environmental and health hazards. This work evaluates the anti-biofilm property of the aqueous phase obtained from pyrolysis of wheat straw (WS AQ) and pine cone (PC AQ) against an MRSA isolate. The WS AQ and PC AQ compositions were determined by GC-MS analysis. The minimum inhibitory concentration was found to be 8% (v v-1) and 5% (v v-1) for WS AQ and PC AQ, respectively. The eradication of biofilms was performed on hospital contact surfaces namely, stainless steel and polypropylene and found to be 51% and 52% for WS AQ and PC AQ, respectively. Compounds identified from the aqueous phase of WS and PC docked against AgrA protein showed good binding scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srividhya Krishnan
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
- Biomass, Bioenergy and Bioproducts Laboratory, Centre for Bioenergy, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
- Centre for Bioenergy, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Subramaniyasharma Sivaraman
- Biomass, Bioenergy and Bioproducts Laboratory, Centre for Bioenergy, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
- Centre for Bioenergy, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Sowndarya Jothipandiyan
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Ponnusami Venkatachalam
- Biomass, Bioenergy and Bioproducts Laboratory, Centre for Bioenergy, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
- Centre for Bioenergy, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Saravanan Ramiah Shanmugam
- Biomass, Bioenergy and Bioproducts Laboratory, Centre for Bioenergy, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
- Centre for Bioenergy, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Nithyanand Paramasivam
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
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Karnam S, Jindal AB, Agnihotri C, Singh BP, Paul AT. Topical Nanotherapeutics for Treating MRSA-Associated Skin and Soft Tissue Infection (SSTIs). AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:108. [PMID: 37100956 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02563-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) imposes a major challenge for the treatment of infectious diseases with existing antibiotics. MRSA associated with superficial skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) is one of them, affecting the skin's superficial layers, and it includes impetigo, folliculitis, cellulitis, furuncles, abscesses, surgical site infections, etc. The efficient care of superficial SSTIs caused by MRSA necessitates local administration of antibiotics, because oral antibiotics does not produce the required concentration at the local site. The topical administration of nanocarriers has been emerging in the area of drug delivery due to its advantages over conventional topical formulation. It enhances the solubility and permeation of the antibiotics into deeper layer of the skin. Apart from this, antibiotic resistance is something that needs to be combated on multiple fronts, and antibiotics encapsulated in nanocarriers help to do so by increasing the therapeutic efficacy in a number of different ways. The current review provides an overview of the resistance mechanism in S. aureus as well as various nanocarriers reported for the effective management of MRSA-associated superficial SSTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriravali Karnam
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences Pilani (BITS-Pilani), Pilani Campus, Vidyavihar, Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anil B Jindal
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences Pilani (BITS-Pilani), Pilani Campus, Vidyavihar, Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Charu Agnihotri
- Department of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences (AES), Technology Entrepreneurship & Management (NIFTEM), National Institute of Food, Sonipat, 131028, Haryana, India
| | - Bhim Pratap Singh
- Department of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences (AES), Technology Entrepreneurship & Management (NIFTEM), National Institute of Food, Sonipat, 131028, Haryana, India.
| | - Atish T Paul
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences Pilani (BITS-Pilani), Pilani Campus, Vidyavihar, Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India.
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Huang S, Song Y, Zhang JR, Chen X, Zhu JJ. Antibacterial Carbon Dots-Based Composites. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2207385. [PMID: 36799145 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The emergence and global spread of bacterial resistance to conventionally used antibiotics have highlighted the urgent need for new antimicrobial agents that might replace antibiotics. Currently, nanomaterials hold considerable promise as antimicrobial agents in anti-inflammatory therapy. Due to their distinctive functional physicochemical characteristics and exceptional biocompatibility, carbon dots (CDs)-based composites have attracted a lot of attention in the context of these antimicrobial nanomaterials. Here, a thorough assessment of current developments in the field of antimicrobial CDs-based composites is provided, starting with a brief explanation of the general synthesis procedures, categorization, and physicochemical characteristics of CDs-based composites. The many processes driving the antibacterial action of these composites are then thoroughly described, including physical destruction, oxidative stress, and the incorporation of antimicrobial agents. Finally, the obstacles that CDs-based composites now suffer in combating infectious diseases are outlined and investigated, along with the potential applications of antimicrobial CDs-based composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Huang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yuexin Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Rong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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Moses D, Mehta V, Salavati R. The discovery and characterization of two novel structural motifs on the carboxy-terminal domain of kinetoplastid RNA editing ligases. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 29:188-199. [PMID: 36400447 PMCID: PMC9891256 DOI: 10.1261/rna.079431.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic protozoans of the Trypanosoma and Leishmania species have a uniquely organized mitochondrial genome, the kinetoplast. Most kinetoplast-transcribed mRNAs are cryptic and encode multiple subunits for the electron transport chain following maturation through a uridine insertion/deletion process called RNA editing. This process is achieved through an enzyme cascade by an RNA editing catalytic complex (RECC), where the final ligation step is catalyzed by the kinetoplastid RNA editing ligases, KREL1 and KREL2. While the amino-terminal domain (NTD) of these proteins is highly conserved with other DNA ligases and mRNA capping enzymes, with five recognizable motifs, the functional role of their diverged carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) has remained elusive. In this manuscript, we assayed recombinant KREL1 in vitro to unveil critical residues from its CTD to be involved in protein-protein interaction and dsRNA ligation activity. Our data show that the α-helix (H)3 of KREL1 CTD interacts with the αH1 of its editosome protein partner KREPA2. Intriguingly, the OB-fold domain and the zinc fingers on KREPA2 do not appear to influence the RNA ligation activity of KREL1. Moreover, a specific KWKE motif on the αH4 of KREL1 CTD is found to be implicated in ligase auto-adenylylation analogous to motif VI in DNA ligases. In summary, we present in the KREL1 CTD a motif VI for auto-adenylylation and a KREPA2 binding motif for RECC integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Moses
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, H9X 3V9 Quebec, Canada
| | - Vaibhav Mehta
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, H9X 3V9 Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, H3G 1Y6 Quebec, Canada
| | - Reza Salavati
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, H9X 3V9 Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, H3G 1Y6 Quebec, Canada
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11
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Mehrabi MR, Soltani M, Chiani M, Raahemifar K, Farhangi A. Nanomedicine: New Frontiers in Fighting Microbial Infections. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:483. [PMID: 36770443 PMCID: PMC9920255 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microbes have dominated life on Earth for the past two billion years, despite facing a variety of obstacles. In the 20th century, antibiotics and immunizations brought about these changes. Since then, microorganisms have acquired resistance, and various infectious diseases have been able to avoid being treated with traditionally developed vaccines. Antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity have surpassed antibiotic discovery in terms of importance over the course of the past few decades. These shifts have resulted in tremendous economic and health repercussions across the board for all socioeconomic levels; thus, we require ground-breaking innovations to effectively manage microbial infections and to provide long-term solutions. The pharmaceutical and biotechnology sectors have been radically altered as a result of nanomedicine, and this trend is now spreading to the antibacterial research community. Here, we examine the role that nanomedicine plays in the prevention of microbial infections, including topics such as diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, pharmaceutical administration, and immunizations, as well as the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Mehrabi
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 13169-43551, Iran
| | - Madjid Soltani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 19967-15433, Iran
- Advanced Bioengineering Initiative Center, Multidisciplinary International Complex, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 14176-14411, Iran
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CBB), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mohsen Chiani
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 13169-43551, Iran
| | - Kaamran Raahemifar
- Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Program, College of Information Sciences and Technology (IST), Penn State University, State College, PA 16801, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Ali Farhangi
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 13169-43551, Iran
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12
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Nwabuife JC, Hassan D, Madhaorao Pant A, Devnarain N, Gafar MA, Osman N, Rambharose S, Govender T. Novel vancomycin free base – Sterosomes for combating diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections (S. Aureus and MRSA). J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.104089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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13
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Khairullah AR, Sudjarwo SA, Effendi MH, Ramandinianto SC, Widodo A, Riwu KHP. A review of horses as a source of spreading livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to human health. Vet World 2022; 15:1906-1915. [PMID: 36313842 PMCID: PMC9615495 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.1906-1915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) was first discovered in horses in 1989. Since then, LA-MRSA has begun to be considered an important strain of pathogenic bacteria in horses, which can cause LA-MRSA infection and colonization in humans with public health impacts. The anterior nares are the primary site of LA-MRSA colonization in horses, although LA-MRSA colonization may also occur in the gastrointestinal tract in horses. LA-MRSA-infected horses typically exhibit clinical infection or may not exhibit clinical infection. There are two potential risks associated with LA-MRSA colonization in horses: The possibility of disease development in horses infected with LA-MRSA and the possibility of LA-MRSA transfer to humans and other horses. The diagnosis of LA-MRSA in horses can be made by conducting in vitro sensitivity testing for oxacillin and cefoxitin, and then followed by a molecular test using polymerase chain reaction. LA-MRSA transmission in animal hospitals and on farms is most likely due to contact with horses infected or colonized by LA-MRSA. The history of prior antibiotic administration, history of prior LA-MRSA colonization, and length of equine hospitalization were described as risk factors in cases of infection and colonization of LA-MRSA in horses. Nebulized antibiotics may be a viable alternative to use in horses, but nebulized antibiotics are only used in horses that are persistently colonized with LA-MRSA. Controlling the spread of LA-MRSA in horses can be done by regularly washing horses, eradicating vectors in horse stalls such as rats, and maintaining the cleanliness of the stable and animal hospital environment. Meanwhile, cleaning hands, using gloves, and donning protective clothes are ways that humans can prevent the transmission of LA-MRSA when handling horses. This review will explain the definition of LA-MRSA in general, LA-MRSA in horses, the epidemiology of LA-MRSA in horses, the diagnosis of LA-MRSA in horses, the transmission of LA-MRSA in horses, risk factors for spreading LA-MRSA in horses, public health impact, treatment of LA-MRSA infection in horses, and control of the spread of LA-MRSA in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswin Rafif Khairullah
- Doctoral Program in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C Unair, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Jawa Timur 60115, Indonesia
| | - Sri Agus Sudjarwo
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C Unair, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Jawa Timur 60115, Indonesia
| | - Mustofa Helmi Effendi
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C Unair, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Jawa Timur 60115, Indonesia
| | | | - Agus Widodo
- Doctoral Program in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C Unair, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Jawa Timur 60115, Indonesia
| | - Katty Hendriana Priscilia Riwu
- Doctoral Program in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C Unair, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Jawa Timur 60115, Indonesia
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14
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Nwabuife JC, Omolo CA, Govender T. Nano delivery systems to the rescue of ciprofloxacin against resistant bacteria "E. coli; P. aeruginosa; Saureus; and MRSA" and their infections. J Control Release 2022; 349:338-353. [PMID: 35820538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Ciprofloxacin (CIP) a broad-spectrum antibiotic, is used extensively for the treatment of diverse infections and diseases of bacteria origin, and this includes infections caused by E. coli; P. aeruginosa; S. aureus; and MRSA. This extensive use of CIP has therefore led to an increase in resistance by these infection causing organisms. Nano delivery systems has recently proven to be a possible solution to resistance to these organisms. They have been applied as a strategy to improve the target specificity of CIP against infections and diseases caused by these organisms, thereby maximising the efficacy of CIP to overcome the resistance. Herein, we proffer a brief overview of the mechanisms of resistance; the causes of resistance; and the various approaches employed to overcome this resistance. The review then proceeds to critically evaluate various nano delivery systems including inorganic based nanoparticles; lipid-based nanoparticles; capsules, dendrimers, hydrogels, micelles, and polymeric nanoparticles; and others; that have been applied for the delivery of CIP against E. coli; P. aeruginosa; S. aureus; and MRSA infections. Finally, the review highlights future areas of research, for the optimisation of various nano delivery systems, to maximise the therapeutic efficacy of CIP against these organisms. This review confirms the potential of nano delivery systems, for addressing the challenges of resistance to caused by E. coli; P. aeruginosa; S. aureus; and MRSA to CIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C Nwabuife
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Calvin A Omolo
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa.; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, United States International University-Africa, P. O. Box 14634-00800, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Thirumala Govender
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa..
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15
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Antibiotic-loaded lipid-based nanocarrier: a promising strategy to overcome bacterial infection. Int J Pharm 2022; 621:121782. [PMID: 35489605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), bacterial infections are one of the greatest threats to global health, food production, and life expectancy. In this sense, the development of innovative formulations aiming at greater therapeutic efficacy, safety, and shorter treatment duration compared to conventional products is urgently needed. Lipid-based nanocarriers (LBNs) have demonstrated the potential to enhance the effectiveness of available antibiotics. Among them, liposome, nanoemulsion, solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN), and nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) are the most promising due to their solid technical background for laboratory and industrial production. This review describes recent advances in developing antibiotic-loaded LBNs against susceptible and resistant bacterial strains and biofilm. LBNs revealed to be a promising alternative to deliver antibiotics due to their superior characteristics compared to conventional preparations, including their modified drug release, improved bioavailability, drug protection against chemical or enzymatic degradation, greater drug loading capacity, and biocompatibility. Antibiotic-loaded LBNs can improve current clinical drug therapy, bring innovative products and rescue discarded antibiotics. Thus, antibiotic-loaded LBNs have potential to open a window of opportunities to continue saving millions of lives and prevent the devastating impact of bacterial infection.
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16
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Trousil J, Matějková J, Dai YS, Urbánek T, Šlouf M, Škorič M, Nejedlý T, Hrubý M, Fang JY. Nanocrystalline chloroxine possesses broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities and excellent skin tolerability in mice. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:137-149. [PMID: 35012369 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial submicrometer particles are being studied as promising interventions against a wide range of skin conditions, such as fungal or bacterial infections. Aims: To submicronize chloroxine, the crystalline compound 5,7-dichloro-8-hydroxyquinoline, by nanoprecipitation and characterize the resulting assemblies. Methods: The chloroxine particles were stabilized by a nonionic surfactant and were studied by a broth microdilution assay against 20 medically important bacteria and fungi. The intervention was studied using a murine model of skin irritation. Results & conclusions: Chloroxine nanoparticles with a diameter of 600-800 nm exhibit good tolerability in terms of skin irritation in vivo and good antimicrobial activity. Thus, the fabricated formulation shows great promise for interventions for both cutaneous infection control and prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Trousil
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 00 Prague 6, Czechia
| | - Jana Matějková
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu 84, 150 06 Prague 5, Czechia.,Military Health Institute, Military Medical Agency, Tychonova 1, 160 00 Prague 6, Czechia
| | - You-Shan Dai
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Tomáš Urbánek
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 00 Prague 6, Czechia
| | - Miroslav Šlouf
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 00 Prague 6, Czechia
| | - Miša Škorič
- Department of Pathological Morphology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Nejedlý
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 00 Prague 6, Czechia
| | - Martin Hrubý
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 00 Prague 6, Czechia
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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17
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Fang JY, Chou WL, Lin CF, Sung CT, Alalaiwe A, Yang SC. Facile Biofilm Penetration of Cationic Liposomes Loaded with DNase I/Proteinase K to Eradicate Cutibacterium acnes for Treating Cutaneous and Catheter Infections. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:8121-8138. [PMID: 34938074 PMCID: PMC8687631 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s335804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The biofilm produced by Cutibacterium acnes is a major infection threat for skin and implanted catheters. Nanoparticles provide a new approach to eradicate biofilms. The present study evaluated the capability of cationic liposomes loaded with DNase I (DNS) and proteinase K (PK) to remove preformed C. acnes biofilms. Methods DNS and PK were able to target and disassemble the biofilm by degrading extracellular polymer substances (EPS). Soyaethyl morpholinium ethosulfate (SME) was used to render a positive charge and enhance the antibacterial activity of the liposomes. Results The cationic liposomes containing enzymes yielded monodisperse nanovesicles ranging between 95 and 150 nm. The entrapment efficiency of the enzymes in the liposomes achieved a value of 67–83%. All liposomal formulations suppressed planktonic C. acnes growth at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) equal to the free SME in the solution. The enzyme in the liposomal form inhibited biofilm growth much better than that in the free form, with the dual enzyme-loaded liposomes demonstrating the greatest inhibition of 54% based on a crystal violet assay. The biofilm-related virulence genes PA380 and PA1035 were downregulated by the combined enzymes in the liposomes but not the individual DNS or PK. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal microscopy displayed reduced C. acnes aggregates and biofilm thickness by the liposomal system. The liposomes could penetrate through about 85% of the biofilm thickness. The in vitro pig skin permeation also showed a facile delivery of liposomes into the epidermis, deeper skin strata, and hair follicles. The liposomes exhibited potent activity to eliminate C. acnes colonization in mouse skin and catheters in vivo. The colony-forming units (CFUs) in the catheter treated with the liposomes were reduced by 2 logs compared to the untreated control. Conclusion The data suggested a safe application of the enzyme-loaded cationic liposomes as antibacterial and antibiofilm agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ling Chou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chwan-Fwu Lin
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Cosmetic Science, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Calvin T Sung
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ahmed Alalaiwe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shih-Chun Yang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan
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18
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Thambirajoo M, Maarof M, Lokanathan Y, Katas H, Ghazalli NF, Tabata Y, Fauzi MB. Potential of Nanoparticles Integrated with Antibacterial Properties in Preventing Biofilm and Antibiotic Resistance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:1338. [PMID: 34827276 PMCID: PMC8615099 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has become an emerging technology in the medical field and is widely applicable for various clinical applications. The potential use of nanoparticles as antimicrobial agents is greatly explored and taken into consideration as alternative methods to overcome the challenges faced by healthcare workers and patients in preventing infections caused by pathogenic microorganisms. Among microorganisms, bacterial infections remain a major hurdle and are responsible for high morbidity and mortality globally, especially involving those with medical conditions and elderly populations. Over time, these groups are more vulnerable to developing resistance to antibiotics, as bacterial biofilms are difficult to destroy or eliminate via antibiotics; thus, treatment becomes unsuccessful or ineffective. Mostly, bacterial biofilms and other microbes can be found on medical devices and wounds where they disperse their contents which cause infections. To inhibit biofilm formations and overcome antibiotic resistance, antimicrobial-loaded nanoparticles alone or combined with other substances could enhance the bactericidal activity of nanomaterials. This includes killing the pathogens effectively without harming other cells or causing any adverse effects to living cells. This review summarises the mechanisms of actions employed by the different types of nanoparticles which counteract infectious agents in reducing biofilm formation and improve antibiotic therapy for clinical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maheswary Thambirajoo
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (M.T.); (M.M.); (Y.L.)
| | - Manira Maarof
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (M.T.); (M.M.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yogeswaran Lokanathan
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (M.T.); (M.M.); (Y.L.)
| | - Haliza Katas
- Centre for Drug Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Nur Fatiha Ghazalli
- Biomaterials Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia;
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan;
| | - Mh Busra Fauzi
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (M.T.); (M.M.); (Y.L.)
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19
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Nwabuife JC, Pant AM, Govender T. Liposomal delivery systems and their applications against Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113861. [PMID: 34242712 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Liposomal delivery systems have been widely explored for targeting superbugs such as S. aureus and MRSA, overcoming antimicrobial resistance associated with conventional dosage forms. They have the significant advantage of delivering hydrophilic and lipophilic antimicrobial agents, either singularly as monotherapy or in combination as combination therapy, due to their bilayers with action-site-specificity, resulting in improved targeting compared to conventional dosage forms. Herein, we present an extensive and critical review of the different liposomal delivery systems employed in the past two decades for the delivery of both antibiotics of different classes and non-antibiotic antibacterial agents, as monotherapy and combination therapy to eradicate infections caused by S. aureus and MRSA. The review also identifies future research and strategies potentiating the applications of liposomal delivery systems against S. aureus and MRSA. This review confirms the potential application of liposomal delivery systems for effective delivery and specific targeting of S. aureus and MRSA infections.
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20
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The Antibiofilm Nanosystems for Improved Infection Inhibition of Microbes in Skin. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216392. [PMID: 34770799 PMCID: PMC8587837 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation is an important virulence factor for the opportunistic microorganisms that elicit skin infections. The recalcitrant feature of biofilms and their antibiotic tolerance impose a great challenge on the use of conventional therapies. Most antibacterial agents have difficulty penetrating the matrix produced by a biofilm. One novel approach to address these concerns is to prevent or inhibit the formation of biofilms using nanoparticles. The advantages of using nanosystems for antibiofilm applications include high drug loading efficiency, sustained or prolonged drug release, increased drug stability, improved bioavailability, close contact with bacteria, and enhanced accumulation or targeting to biomasses. Topically applied nanoparticles can act as a strategy for enhancing antibiotic delivery into the skin. Various types of nanoparticles, including metal oxide nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, and lipid-based nanoparticles, have been employed for topical delivery to treat biofilm infections on the skin. Moreover, nanoparticles can be designed to combine with external stimuli to produce magnetic, photothermal, or photodynamic effects to ablate the biofilm matrix. This study focuses on advanced antibiofilm approaches based on nanomedicine for treating skin infections. We provide in-depth descriptions on how the nanoparticles could effectively eliminate biofilms and any pathogens inside them. We then describe cases of using nanoparticles for antibiofilm treatment of the skin. Most of the studies included in this review were supported by in vivo animal infection models. This article offers an overview of the benefits of nanosystems for treating biofilms grown on the skin.
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21
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Yang X, Ye W, Qi Y, Ying Y, Xia Z. Overcoming Multidrug Resistance in Bacteria Through Antibiotics Delivery in Surface-Engineered Nano-Cargos: Recent Developments for Future Nano-Antibiotics. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:696514. [PMID: 34307323 PMCID: PMC8297506 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.696514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the recent few decades, the increase in multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria has reached an alarming rate and caused serious health problems. The incidence of infections due to MDR bacteria has been accompanied by morbidity and mortality; therefore, tackling bacterial resistance has become an urgent and unmet challenge to be properly addressed. The field of nanomedicine has the potential to design and develop efficient antimicrobials for MDR bacteria using its innovative and alternative approaches. The uniquely constructed nano-sized antimicrobials have a predominance over traditional antibiotics because their small size helps them in better interaction with bacterial cells. Moreover, surface engineering of nanocarriers offers significant advantages of targeting and modulating various resistance mechanisms, thus owe superior qualities for overcoming bacterial resistance. This review covers different mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, application of nanocarrier systems in drug delivery, functionalization of nanocarriers, application of functionalized nanocarriers for overcoming bacterial resistance, possible limitations of nanocarrier-based approach for antibacterial delivery, and future of surface-functionalized antimicrobial delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenxin Ye
- Department of Urology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yajun Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin Ying
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongni Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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22
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Tan C, Jiang L, Li W, Chan SH, Baek JS, Ng NKJ, Sailov T, Kharel S, Chong KKL, Loo SCJ. Lipid-Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles Enhance the Potency of Ampicillin against Enterococcus faecalis in a Protozoa Infection Model. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:1607-1618. [PMID: 33866781 PMCID: PMC8383308 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) biofilms are implicated in endocarditis, urinary tract infections, and biliary tract infections. Coupled with E. faecalis internalization into host cells, this opportunistic pathogen poses great challenges to conventional antibiotic therapy. The inability of ampicillin (Amp) to eradicate bacteria hidden in biofilms and intracellular niches greatly reduces its efficacy against complicated E. faecalis infections. To enhance the potency of Amp against different forms of E. faecalis infections, Amp was loaded into Lipid-Polymer hybrid Nanoparticles (LPNs), a highly efficient nano delivery platform consisting of a unique combination of DOTAP lipid shell and PLGA polymeric core. The antibacterial activity of these nanoparticles (Amp-LPNs) was investigated in a protozoa infection model, achieving a much higher multiplicity of infection (MOI) compared with studies using animal phagocytes. A significant reduction of total E. faecalis was observed in all groups receiving 250 μg/mL Amp-LPNs compared with groups receiving the same concentration of free Amp during three different interventions, simulating acute and chronic infections and prophylaxis. In early intervention, no viable E. faecalis was observed after 3 h LPNs treatment whereas free Amp did not clear E. faecalis after 24 h treatment. Amp-LPNs also greatly enhanced the antibacterial activity of Amp at late intervention and boosted the survival rate of protozoa approaching 400%, where no viable protozoa were identified in the free Amp groups at the 40 h postinfection treatment time point. Prophylactic effectiveness with Amp-LPNs at a concentration of 250 μg/mL was exhibited in both bacteria elimination and protozoa survival toward subsequent infections. Using protozoa as a surrogate model for animal phagocytes to study high MOI infections, this study suggests that LPN-formulated antibiotics hold the potential to significantly improve the therapeutic outcome in highly complicated bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan
Hao Tan
- Singapore
Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
| | - Lai Jiang
- School
of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore, 639798
| | - Wenrui Li
- School
of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore, 639798
- NTU
Institute for Health Technologies, Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Nanyang Technological University, 61 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637335
| | - Siew Herng Chan
- Singapore
Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
| | - Jong-Suep Baek
- School
of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore, 639798
| | - Noele Kai Jing Ng
- Singapore
Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
| | - Talgat Sailov
- Singapore
Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
| | - Sharad Kharel
- School
of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore, 639798
| | - Kelvin Kian Long Chong
- Singapore
Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
| | - Say Chye Joachim Loo
- Singapore
Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
- School
of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore, 639798
- Harvard
T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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23
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Gkartziou F, Giormezis N, Spiliopoulou I, Antimisiaris SG. Nanobiosystems for Antimicrobial Drug-Resistant Infections. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11051075. [PMID: 33922004 PMCID: PMC8143556 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide increased bacterial resistance toward antimicrobial therapeutics has led investigators to search for new therapeutic options. Some of the options currently exploited to treat drug-resistant infections include drug-associated nanosystems. Additionally, the use of bacteriophages alone or in combination with drugs has been recently revisited; some studies utilizing nanosystems for bacteriophage delivery have been already reported. In this review article, we focus on nine pathogens that are the leading antimicrobial drug-resistant organisms, causing difficult-to-treat infections. For each organism, the bacteriophages and nanosystems developed or used in the last 20 years as potential treatments of pathogen-related infections are discussed. Summarizing conclusions and future perspectives related with the potential of such nano-antimicrobials for the treatment of persistent infections are finally highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foteini Gkartziou
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, FORTH/ICES, Platani, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos Giormezis
- National Reference Centre for Staphylococci, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Iris Spiliopoulou
- National Reference Centre for Staphylococci, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Correspondence: (I.S.); (S.G.A.)
| | - Sophia G. Antimisiaris
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, FORTH/ICES, Platani, 26504 Patras, Greece;
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Correspondence: (I.S.); (S.G.A.)
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24
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Liao CC, Yu HP, Yang SC, Alalaiwe A, Dai YS, Liu FC, Fang JY. Multifunctional lipid-based nanocarriers with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities for treating MRSA bacteremia in mice. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:48. [PMID: 33588861 PMCID: PMC7885212 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00789-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bacteremia-induced sepsis is a leading cause of mortality in intensive care units. To control a bacterial infection, an immune response is required, but this response might contribute to organ failure. Kidneys are one of the main organs affected by bacteremia. Combination therapies with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects may be beneficial in treating bacteremia. This study aimed to develop nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) loaded with ciprofloxacin and rolipram that exert a combination of anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and anti-inflammatory effects. Retinol was incorporated into the nanoparticles to transport retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) to the kidneys, which abundantly express RBP receptors. The NLCs were fabricated by high-shear homogenization and sonication, and neutrophils were used as a model to assess their anti-inflammatory effects. Mice were injected with MRSA to establish a model of bacteremia with organ injury. Results The mean nanoparticle size and zeta potential of the NLCs were 171 nm and − 39 mV, respectively. Ciprofloxacin (0.05%, w/v) and rolipram (0.02%) achieved encapsulation percentages of 88% and 96%, respectively, in the nanosystems. The minimum bactericidal concentration of free ciprofloxacin against MRSA increased from 1.95 to 15.63 µg/ml when combined with rolipram, indicating a possible drug-drug interaction that reduced the antibacterial effect. Nanoparticle inclusion promoted the anti-MRSA activity of ciprofloxacin according to time-kill curves. The NLCs were found to be largely internalized into neutrophils and exhibited superior superoxide anion inhibition than free drugs. Retinol incorporation into the nanocarriers facilitated their efficient targeting to the kidneys. The NLCs significantly mitigated MRSA burden and elastase distribution in the organs of MRSA-infected animals, and the greatest inhibition was observed in the kidneys. Bacterial clearance and neutrophil infiltration suppression attenuated the bacteremia-induced cytokine overexpression, leading to an improvement in the survival rate from 22% to 67%. Conclusions The dual role of our NLCs endowed them with greater efficacy in treating MRSA bacteremia than that of free drugs. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chih Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fuxing Street, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Ping Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fuxing Street, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chun Yang
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ahmed Alalaiwe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - You-Shan Dai
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fuxing Street, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fuxing Street, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan. .,Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan. .,Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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25
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Mahant S, Rao R, Souto EB, Nanda S. Analytical tools and evaluation strategies for nanostructured lipid carrier-based topical delivery systems. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 17:963-992. [PMID: 32441158 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1772750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The inception of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) proved to be a revolutionary step toward the treatment of dermatological disorders. To uncover its true potential, it is imperative that the system be characterized and evaluated comprehensively. AREAS COVERED The present review has been written to furnish an in-depth account of analytical tools and evaluation procedures under one roof. Besides discussing the challenges of topical delivery and benefits of NLCs, the paper elaborates on their physicochemical characterization. Further, in vitro evaluation of NLCs for dermatological benefits, followed by their evaluation in a hydrogel/cream base is covered. Lastly, disease-specific evaluation of NLC-based formulations is presented. EXPERT OPINION The research endeavors for NLCs have largely focused on the fabrication of NLCs for different bioactives. However, scientific efforts should be aimed toward the lesser explored realm of NLCs, i.e. exploitation of analytical techniques, such as Parelectric spectroscopy, Electron Spin Resonance, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy. NLCs have been proven for their potential to foster the therapeutic modalities applicable to cutaneous disorders. More attention needs to be devoted to their evaluation for disease-specific parameters. The futuristic steps must involve clinical studies, to lay the path for their commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheefali Mahant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University , Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Rekha Rao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology , Haryana, India
| | - Eliana B Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, Portugal.,CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sanju Nanda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University , Rohtak, Haryana, India
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26
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Niu J, Yuan M, Chen C, Wang L, Tang Z, Fan Y, Liu X, Ma YJ, Gan Y. Berberine-Loaded Thiolated Pluronic F127 Polymeric Micelles for Improving Skin Permeation and Retention. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:9987-10005. [PMID: 33324058 PMCID: PMC7733396 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s270336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Challenges associated with local antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs include low penetration and retention of drugs at the expected action site. Additionally, improving these challenges allows for the prevention of side effects that are caused by drug absorption into the systemic circulation and helps to safely treat local skin diseases. Methods In the current study, we successfully prepared a thiolated pluronic F127 polymer micelles (BTFM), which binds to keratin through a disulphide bond, to produce skin retention. In addition, the small particle size of polymer micelles promotes the penetration of carriers into the skin. The current study was divided into two experiments: an in vitro experiment; an in vivo experiment that involved the penetration of the micelle-loaded drugs into the skin of rats, the skin irritation test and the anti-inflammatory activity of the drug-loaded micelles on dimethyl benzene-induced ear edema in mice. Results Results from our in vitro transdermal experiment revealed that the amount of drug absorbed through the skin was decreased after the drug was loaded in the BTFM. Further, results from the vivo study, which used fluorescence microscopy to identify the location of the BTFM after penetration, revealed that there was strong fluorescence in the epidermis layer, but there was no strong fluorescence in the deep skin layer. In addition, the BTFM had a very good safety profile with no potentially hazardous skin irritation and transdermal administration of BTFM could significantly suppress ear edema induced by dimethyl benzene. Therefore, these findings indicated that BTFM reduced the amount of drug that entered the systemic circulation. Our results also demonstrated that the BTFM had a certain affinity for keratin. Conclusion Our experimental results suggest that the BTFM may be an effective drug carrier for local skin therapy with good safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangxiu Niu
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Yuan
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenchen Chen
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, People's Republic of China
| | - Liye Wang
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, People's Republic of China
| | - Zigui Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou 451191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Fan
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianghui Liu
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Jiao Ma
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Gan
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, People's Republic of China
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27
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Malaekeh-Nikouei B, Fazly Bazzaz BS, Mirhadi E, Tajani AS, Khameneh B. The role of nanotechnology in combating biofilm-based antibiotic resistance. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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28
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Fang JY, Tang KW, Yang SH, Alalaiwe A, Yang YC, Tseng CH, Yang SC. Synthetic Naphthofuranquinone Derivatives Are Effective in Eliminating Drug-Resistant Candida albicans in Hyphal, Biofilm, and Intracellular Forms: An Application for Skin-Infection Treatment. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:2053. [PMID: 32983038 PMCID: PMC7479094 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.02053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is the most common cause of fungal infection. The emergence of drug resistance leads to the need for novel antifungal agents. We aimed to design naphthofuranquinone analogs to treat drug-resistant C. albicans for topical application on cutaneous candidiasis. The time-killing response, agar diffusion, and live/dead assay of the antifungal activity were estimated against 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC)- or fluconazole-resistant strains. A total of 14 naphthofuranquinones were compared for their antifungal potency. The lead compounds with hydroxyimino (TCH-1140) or O-acetyl oxime (TCH-1142) moieties were the most active agents identified, showing a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.5 and 1.2 μM, respectively. Both compounds were superior to 5-FC and fluconazole for killing planktonic fungi. Naphthofuranquinones efficiently diminished the microbes inside and outside the biofilm. TCH-1140 and TCH-1142 were delivered into C. albicans-infected keratinocytes to eradicate intracellular fungi. The compounds did not reduce the C. albicans burden inside the macrophages, but the naphthofuranquinones promoted the transition of fungi from the virulent hypha form to the yeast form. In the in vivo skin mycosis mouse model, topically applied 5-FC and TCH-1140 reduced the C. albicans load from 1.5 × 106 to 5.4 × 105 and 1.4 × 105 CFU, respectively. The infected abscess diameter was significantly decreased by TCH-1140 (3-4 mm) as compared to the control (8 mm). The disintegrated skin-barrier function induced by the fungi was recovered to the baseline by the compound. The data support the potential of TCH-1140 as a topical agent for treating drug-resistant C. albicans infection without causing skin irritation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Wei Tang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sien-Hung Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Ahmed Alalaiwe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yu-Ching Yang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hua Tseng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chun Yang
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan
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29
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Yeh YC, Huang TH, Yang SC, Chen CC, Fang JY. Nano-Based Drug Delivery or Targeting to Eradicate Bacteria for Infection Mitigation: A Review of Recent Advances. Front Chem 2020; 8:286. [PMID: 32391321 PMCID: PMC7193053 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria infection is a major public health problem due to the high morbidity and mortality rates, as well as the increased expenditure on patient management. Although there are several options for antimicrobial therapy, their efficacy is limited because of the occurrence of drug-resistant bacteria. Many conventional antibiotics have failed to show significant amelioration in overall survival of infectious patients. Nanomedicine for delivering antibiotics provides an opportunity to improve the efficiency of the antibacterial regimen. Nanosystems used for antibiotic delivery and targeting to infection sites render some benefits over conventional formulations, including increased solubility, enhanced stability, improved epithelium permeability and bioavailability, prolonged antibiotic half-life, tissue targeting, and minimal adverse effects. The nanocarriers' sophisticated material engineering tailors the controllable physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles for bacterial targeting through passive or active targeting. In this review, we highlight the recent progress on the development of antibacterial nanoparticles loaded with antibiotics. We systematically introduce the concepts and amelioration mechanisms of the nanomedical techniques for bacterial eradication. Passive targeting by modulating the nanoparticle structure and the physicochemical properties is an option for efficient drug delivery to the bacteria. In addition, active targeting, such as magnetic hyperthermia induced by iron oxide nanoparticles, is another efficient way to deliver the drugs to the targeted site. The nanoparticles are also designed to respond to the change in environment pH or enzymes to trigger the release of the antibiotics. This article offers an overview of the benefits of antibacterial nanosystems for treating infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chieh Yeh
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung City, Taiwan
- Program in Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Hung Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung City, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chun Yang
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chang Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung City, Taiwan
- Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
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30
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Enhanced In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Polymyxin B–Coated Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Containing Dexamethasone Acetate. J Pharm Innov 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-020-09427-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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31
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Ma Y, Wang C, Li Y, Li J, Wan Q, Chen J, Tay FR, Niu L. Considerations and Caveats in Combating ESKAPE Pathogens against Nosocomial Infections. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1901872. [PMID: 31921562 PMCID: PMC6947519 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) are among the most common opportunistic pathogens in nosocomial infections. ESKAPE pathogens distinguish themselves from normal ones by developing a high level of antibiotic resistance that involves multiple mechanisms. Contemporary therapeutic strategies which are potential options in combating ESKAPE bacteria need further investigation. Herein, a broad overview of the antimicrobial research on ESKAPE pathogens over the past five years is provided with prospective clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Xuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Military StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical University145 Changle West RoadXi'anShaanxi710032P. R. China
| | - Chen‐Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical University145 Changle West RoadXi'anShaanxi710032P. R. China
| | - Yuan‐Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical University145 Changle West RoadXi'anShaanxi710032P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical University145 Changle West RoadXi'anShaanxi710032P. R. China
| | - Qian‐Qian Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Military StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical University145 Changle West RoadXi'anShaanxi710032P. R. China
| | - Ji‐Hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical University145 Changle West RoadXi'anShaanxi710032P. R. China
| | - Franklin R. Tay
- State Key Laboratory of Military StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical University145 Changle West RoadXi'anShaanxi710032P. R. China
- The Graduate SchoolAugusta University1430, John Wesley Gilbert DriveAugustaGA30912‐1129USA
| | - Li‐Na Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Military StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical University145 Changle West RoadXi'anShaanxi710032P. R. China
- The Graduate SchoolAugusta University1430, John Wesley Gilbert DriveAugustaGA30912‐1129USA
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32
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Nasr M, El-Gogary RI, Abd-Allah H, Abdel-Mottaleb M. Nanoparticulate systems for wound healing. NANOPHARMACEUTICALS 2020:73-90. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-817778-5.00004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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33
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Thakur K, Sharma G, Singh B, Katare OP. Topical Drug Delivery of Anti-infectives Employing Lipid-Based Nanocarriers: Dermatokinetics as an Important Tool. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:5108-5128. [PMID: 30657036 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190118155843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The therapeutic approaches for the management of topical infections have always been a difficult approach due to lack of efficacy of conventional topical formulations, high frequency of topical applications and non-patient compliance. The major challenge in the management of topical infections lies in antibiotic resistance which leads to severe complications and hospitalizations resulting in economic burden and high mortality rates. METHODS Topical delivery employing lipid-based carriers has been a promising strategy to overcome the challenges of poor skin permeation and retention along with large doses which need to be administered systemically. The use of lipid-based delivery systems is a promising strategy for the effective topical delivery of antibiotics and overcoming drug-resistant strains in the skin. The major systems include transfersomes, niosomes, ethosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, microemulsion and nanoemulsion as the most promising drug delivery approaches to treat infectious disorders. The main advantages of these systems include lipid bilayer structure which mimics the cell membrane and can fuse with infectious microbes. The numerous advantages associated with nanocarriers like enhanced efficacy, improvement in bioavailability, controlled drug release and ability to target the desired infectious pathogen have made these carriers successful. CONCLUSION Despite the number of strides taken in the field of topical drug delivery in infectious diseases, it still requires extensive research efforts to have a better perspective of the factors that influence drug permeation along with the mechanism of action with regard to skin penetration and deposition. The final objective of the therapy is to provide a safe and effective therapeutic approach for the management of infectious diseases affecting topical sites leading to enhanced therapeutic efficacy and patient-compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Thakur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Gajanand Sharma
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Bhupindar Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Om Prakash Katare
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
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34
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Chou WL, Lee TH, Huang TH, Wang PW, Chen YP, Chen CC, Chang ZY, Fang JY, Yang SC. Coenzyme Q 0 From Antrodia cinnamomea Exhibits Drug-Resistant Bacteria Eradication and Keratinocyte Inflammation Mitigation to Ameliorate Infected Atopic Dermatitis in Mouse. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1445. [PMID: 31849685 PMCID: PMC6901829 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease that is usually accompanied by Staphylococcus aureus infection due to cutaneous barrier-function damage. Benzenoid compounds from Antrodia cinnamomea are known to exhibit antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. This study sought to investigate the potential of benzenoids for treating bacteria-infected AD. The compounds were screened against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Coenzyme Q0 (CoQ0), a key ingredient in A. cinnamomea, showed the strongest MRSA growth inhibition. We further tested the inhibitory effect of CoQ0 on planktonic and biofilm MRSA. The work was also performed to explore the potential effectiveness of CoQ0 on AD using activated keratinocytes and in vivo experimental AD mice as the models. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of CoQ0 against MRSA were 7.81 μg/ml. CoQ0 was found to eradicate biofilm MRSA efficiently and reduce the biofilm thickness. CoQ0 killed MRSA by inhibiting DNA polymerase and topoisomerases. A proteomic assay showed that CoQ0 also reduced the ribosomal proteins. In the anti-inflammation study, CoQ0 was found to downregulate the expression of interleukin (IL)-6, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)5, and CCL17 in HaCaT cells. CoQ0 at 0.5 μg/ml could recover the filaggrin decreased by HaCaT activation to the normal control. We established a bacteria-infected AD-like model in mice using ovalbumin (OVA) and topically applied MRSA. Topical CoQ0 delivery lessened the MRSA presence in the AD-like lesions by >90%. The erythema, barrier function, and epidermal thickness of the AD-like wounds were improved by CoQ0 through the reduction of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-γ, and by neutrophil infiltration in the lesional skin. CoQ0 is therefore regarded as effective in mitigating AD symptoms associated with bacterial load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ling Chou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Huei Lee
- Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Hung Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Wang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ping Chen
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chang Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Yu Chang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chun Yang
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Chang YW, Huang WC, Lin CY, Wang WH, Hung LC, Chen YH. Tellimagrandin II, A Type of Plant Polyphenol Extracted from Trapa bispinosa Inhibits Antibiotic Resistance of Drug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225790. [PMID: 31752109 PMCID: PMC6888525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a critical global concern. Identifying new candidates of anti-S. aureus agents is urgently required because the therapeutic strategies for infected patients are limited currently. Therefore, the present study investigated whether Tellimagrandin II (TGII), a pure compound extracted from the shells of Trapa bispinosa, exhibits antibacterial effects against MRSA. We first showed that TGII exerted potent inhibitory activity against MRSA with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 128 μg/mL. The obtained fractional inhibitory concentration suggested that TGII could alone exert antistaphylococcal activity, and TGII combined with low doses of antibiotics displayed synergistic effects against MRSA. Moreover, we found that TGII exerted bactericidal activity by reducing the expression of mecA followed by the negative regulation of the penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a) of MRSA. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images further confirmed that TGII destroyed the integrity of the cell wall of MRSA and caused the loss of cytoplasm content. In conclusion, we evidenced the antibacterial effects of TGII against MRSA, which enables the effective dose of current antibiotics to be reduced and the predicament of drug-resistant S. aureus isolates to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-W.C.); (C.-Y.L.)
- Department of Laboratory, Taitung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taitung 95043, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chun Huang
- School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Sepsis Research Center, Center of Tropical Medicine and Infectious diseases, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (W.-C.H.); (W.-H.W.); (L.-C.H.)
| | - Chun-Yu Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-W.C.); (C.-Y.L.)
- School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Sepsis Research Center, Center of Tropical Medicine and Infectious diseases, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (W.-C.H.); (W.-H.W.); (L.-C.H.)
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hung Wang
- School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Sepsis Research Center, Center of Tropical Medicine and Infectious diseases, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (W.-C.H.); (W.-H.W.); (L.-C.H.)
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Chien Hung
- School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Sepsis Research Center, Center of Tropical Medicine and Infectious diseases, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (W.-C.H.); (W.-H.W.); (L.-C.H.)
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsu Chen
- School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Sepsis Research Center, Center of Tropical Medicine and Infectious diseases, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (W.-C.H.); (W.-H.W.); (L.-C.H.)
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, HsinChu 30010, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 5677)
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Fang JY, Lin YK, Wang PW, Alalaiwe A, Yang YC, Yang SC. The Droplet-Size Effect Of Squalene@cetylpyridinium Chloride Nanoemulsions On Antimicrobial Potency Against Planktonic And Biofilm MRSA. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:8133-8147. [PMID: 31632023 PMCID: PMC6790405 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s221663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is important to explore the interaction between antibacterial nanoparticles and microbes for understanding bactericidal activity and developing novel applications. It is possible that the nanoparticulate size can govern the antibacterial potency. Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC)–decorated nanoemulsions against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Methods The droplet size could be adjusted by varying the percentage of squalene, the main ingredient of the oily core. Results We fabricated cationic nanoemulsions of three different sizes, 55, 165, and 245 nm. The nanoemulsions showed greater storage stability than the self-assembled CPC micelles. The tested nanoemulsions exhibited more antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. The killing of MRSA was mainly induced by direct cell-membrane damage. This rupture led to the leakage of cytoplasmic DNA and proteins. The nanoemulsions might also degrade the DNA helix and disturb protein synthesis. The proteomic analysis indicated the significant downregulation of DNA-directed RNA polymerase (RNAP) subunits β and β’. The antibacterial effect of nanoemulsions increased with decreasing droplet size in the biofilm MRSA but not planktonic MRSA. The small-sized nanoemulsions had potent antibiofilm activity that showed a colony-forming unit (CFU) reduction of 10-fold compared with the control. The loss of total DNA concentration also negatively correlated with the nanoemulsion size. Conclusion The present report established a foundation for the development of squalene@CPC nanosystems against drug-resistant S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Ku Lin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Wang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ahmed Alalaiwe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yu-Ching Yang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chun Yang
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Maji R, Omolo CA, Agrawal N, Maduray K, Hassan D, Mokhtar C, Mackhraj I, Govender T. pH-Responsive Lipid–Dendrimer Hybrid Nanoparticles: An Approach To Target and Eliminate Intracellular Pathogens. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:4594-4609. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruma Maji
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Calvin A. Omolo
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, United States International University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nikhil Agrawal
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Kaminee Maduray
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Daniel Hassan
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Chunderika Mokhtar
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Irene Mackhraj
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thirumala Govender
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Design, Synthesis, and Anti-Bacterial Evaluation of Triazolyl-Pterostilbene Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184564. [PMID: 31540106 PMCID: PMC6769857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus resistance to current antibiotics has become the greatest global challenge facing public health. The development of new antimicrobial agents is urgent and important and is needed to provide additional therapeutic options. In our previous study, we found out that pterostilbene exhibited potent antibacterial activity, especially against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). According to previous studies, 1,2,3-triazole, with the characteristic of increasing the interaction with the target readily and enhancing water solubility, were widely used in the approved anti-bacterial drugs. Therefore, these results attract our interest to use the structure of pterostilbene as a scaffold for the hybrid 1,2,3-triazole moiety to develop a novel anti-MRSA infection agent. In this study, we demonstrated the design and synthesis of a series of triazolylpterostilbene derivatives. Among these compounds, compound 4d exhibited the most potent anti-MRSA activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 1.2–2.4 μg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) value of 19.5–39 μg/mL. The structure–activity relationship and antibacterial mechanism were investigated in this study. Molecular docking studies were carried out to verify and rationalize the biological results. In this study, the results confirmed that our design could successfully increase the inhibitory activity and specificity against MRSA. Compound 4d could be used as a candidate for anti-bacterial agents and in depth vivo studies should be further investigated.
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Chen CY, Lee YH, Chang SH, Tsai YF, Fang JY, Hwang TL. Oleic acid-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier inhibit neutrophil activities in the presence of albumin and alleviates skin inflammation. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:6539-6553. [PMID: 31496699 PMCID: PMC6701617 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s208489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This paper reports on the incorporation of oleic acid (OA) within nanostructured lipid carriers (OA-NLC) to improve the anti-inflammatory effects in the presence of albumin. Materials and methods NLCs produced via hot high-shear homogenization/ultrasonication were characterized in terms of particle size, zeta potential, and toxicity. We examined the effects of OA-NLC on neutrophil activities. Dermatologic therapeutic potential was also elucidated by using a murine model of leukotriene B4-induced skin inflammation. Results In the presence of albumin, OA-NLC but not free OA inhibited superoxide generation and elastase release. Topical administration of OA-NLC alleviated neutrophil infiltration and severity of skin inflammation. Conclusion OA incorporated within NLC can overcome the interference of albumin, which would undermine the anti-inflammatory effects of OA. OA-NLC has potential therapeutic effects in topical ointments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsuan Lee
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsin Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Fong Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan
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