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Chen L, Li X, Wang Y, Guo Z, Wang G, Zhang Y. The performance of plant essential oils against lactic acid bacteria and adverse microorganisms in silage production. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1285722. [PMID: 38023889 PMCID: PMC10667483 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1285722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Plant essential oils have played an important role in the field of antibiotic alternatives because of their efficient bacteriostatic and fungistatic activity. As plant essential oils are widely used, their activity to improve the quality of plant silage has also been explored. This review expounds on the active ingredients of essential oils, their bacteriostatic and fungistatic activity, and mechanisms, as well as discusses the application of plant essential oils in plant silage fermentation, to provide a reference for the development and application of plant essential oils as silage additives in plant silage fermentation feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yili Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zelin Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Guoming Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yunhua Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Wang Y, Zhu J, Du X, Li Y. Simultaneous Extraction and Determination of Lignans from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. via Diol-Based Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Molecules 2023; 28:6448. [PMID: 37764224 PMCID: PMC10535609 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The quality of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (S. chinensis) is principally attributed to lignan compounds. In this paper, a simple and rapid strategy for simultaneous extraction and determination of 10 lignans from S. chinensis was established through matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) assisted by diol-functionalized silica (Diol). The experimental parameters for MSPD extraction were screened using the response surface methodology (RSM). Diol (800 mg) was used as a dispersant and methanol (MeOH, 85%, v/v) as an eluting solvent (10 mL), resulting in a high extraction efficiency. MSPD extraction facilitated the combination of extraction and purification in a single step, which was less time-consuming than and avoided the thermal treatment involved in traditional methods. The simultaneous qualification and quantification of 10 lignans was achieved by combining MSPD and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The proposed method offered good linearity and a low limit of detection starting from 0.04 (schisandrin C) to 0.43 μg/mL (schisantherin B) for lignans, and the relative standard deviation (RSD, %) values of precision were acceptable, with a maximum value of 1.15% (schisantherin B and schisanhenol). The methodology was successfully utilized to analyze 13 batches of S. chinensis from different cultivated areas of China, which proved its accuracy and practicability in the quantitative analysis of the quality control of S. chinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinpeng Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (Y.W.); (X.D.)
| | - Jingbo Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (Y.W.); (X.D.)
| | - Xinxin Du
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (Y.W.); (X.D.)
| | - Yumei Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
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Insecticidal and Detoxification Enzyme Inhibition Activities of Essential Oils for the Control of Pulse Beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) and Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020492. [PMID: 36677552 PMCID: PMC9863611 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulse beetle is the most harmful pest attacking stored grains and affecting quality and marketability. Continuous use of chemical-based pesticides against pulse beetle led to the development of insecticidal resistance; essential oils (EOs) can be an effective natural alternative against this pest. The main objective was to study the chemical composition of seven EOs viz., Acorus calamus, Hedychium spicatum, Lavandula angustifolia, Juniperus recurva, Juniperus communis, Cedrus deodara and Pinus wallichiana, their insecticidal and enzyme inhibition activities against pulse beetle. The primary compounds present in these EOs were cis-asarone, 1,8-cineole, linalyl isobutyrate, 2-β-pinene, camphene, α-dehydro-ar-himachalene and camphene. A. calamus oil showed promising fumigant toxicity to Callosobruchus maculatus and C. chinensis (LC50 = 1357.86 and 1379.54 µL/L, respectively). A combination of A. calamus + L. angustifolia was effective against C. maculatus and C. chinensis (LC50 = 108.58 and 92.18 µL/L, respectively). All the combinations of EOs showed synergistic activity. In the repellency study, A. calamus showed more repellence to C. maculatus and C. chinensis (RC50 = 53.98 and 118.91 µL/L, respectively). A. calamus and L. angustifolia oil at 2500, 5000 and 10,000 µL/L significantly inhibited the AChE and GST enzymes in C. maculatus and C. chinensis after 24 and 48 h.
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Li B, Duan J, Ren J, Francis F, Li G. Isolation and Characterization of Two New Deoxynivalenol-Degrading Strains, Bacillus sp. HN117 and Bacillus sp. N22. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14110781. [PMID: 36356030 PMCID: PMC9693629 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14110781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON), produced by Fusarium species, is one of the most common trichothecenes detected in cereals pre- and post-harvest, which poses a great threat to the health of livestock and human beings due to its strong toxicity. In this study, we isolated and characterized two DON-degrading bacterial strains, Bacillus sp. HN117 and Bacillus sp. N22. Both strains could degrade DON efficiently in a wide range of temperatures (from 25 °C to 42 °C) and concentrations (from 10 mg/L to 500 mg/L). After optimization of the degradation conditions, 29.0% DON was eliminated by HN117 in 72 h when it was incubated with 1000 mg/L DON; meanwhile, the DON degradation rate of N22 was boosted notably from 7.41% to 21.21% within 120 h at 500 mg/L DON. Degradation products analysis indicated HN117 was able to transform DON into a new isomer M-DOM, the possible structure of which was deduced based on LC-MS and NMR analysis, and N22 could convert DON into potential low-toxic derivatives norDON E and 9-hydroxymethyl DON lactone. These two strains have the potential to be developed as new biodegrading agents to control DON contamination in food and feed industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests—Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agri-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Jiaqi Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests—Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agri-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jie Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests—Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agri-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Frédéric Francis
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
- Correspondence: (F.F.); (G.L.)
| | - Guangyue Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests—Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agri-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: (F.F.); (G.L.)
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Abdel-Khalek HH, Hammad AA, El-Kader RM, Youssef KA, Abdou DA. Combinational inhibitory action of essential oils and gamma irradiation for controlling Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus growth and their aflatoxins biosynthesis in vitro and in situ conditions. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2021; 28:703-715. [PMID: 34726083 DOI: 10.1177/10820132211053086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of certain essential oils (star anise, lemon leaves, marjoram, fennel, and lavender) on the fungal growth of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus and their production of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The degree of suppression of the aflatoxigenic strains' growth and their production of AFB1 is mainly affected by the kind and the concentration of the tested essential oils (EOs). Star anise essential oil had the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (0.5 and 1.0 μL/mL) against A. flavus and A. parasiticus, respectively, so it was the best among the five different oils. The study of liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry revealed that star anise EO resulted in a 98% reduction in AFB1 without a breakdown of AFB1 products after treatment thus the complete removal of AFB1 was done without any toxic residues. The combination showed a synergistic effect, the combinational treatment between γ-irradiation at a low dose (2 kGy) and star anise EO at concentrate 0.5 μL/g destroyed A. flavus and A. parasiticus inoculated (individually) in sorghum and peanut, respectively throughout the storage period (8 weeks).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan H Abdel-Khalek
- Radiation Microbiology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ali Ai Hammad
- Radiation Microbiology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reham Mma El-Kader
- Radiation Microbiology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khayria A Youssef
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, 68791Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia Am Abdou
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, 68791Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Kalagatur NK, Gurunathan S, Kamasani JR, Gunti L, Kadirvelu K, Mohan CD, Rangappa S, Prasad R, Almeida F, Mudili V, Siddaiah C. Inhibitory effect of C. zeylanicum, C. longa, O. basilicum, Z. officinale, and C. martini essential oils on growth and ochratoxin A content of A. ochraceous and P. verrucosum in maize grains. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:e00490. [PMID: 32637345 PMCID: PMC7327888 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Essenetial oils (EOs) extrcated by hydrodistillation and chemical profile deduced by GC–MS. EOs shown potential antioxidant activity by DPPH and ABTS assay. EOs presented superlative antifungal activity against P. verrucosum related to A. ochraceus. C. zeylanicum and C. martini EOs presented superlative antifungal activity related to other EOs. C. zeylanicum EO inhibited the growth and OTA of fungi at 1500 μg/g in maize grains.
In the study, antifungal and ochratoxin A (OTA) production inhibitory activities of essential oils (EOs) of Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Curcuma longa, Ocimum basilicum, Zingiber officinale, and Cymbopogon martini were reported on Aspergillus ochraceus and Penicillium verrucosum. EOs were obtained by hydrodistillation and GC–MS technique was chosen to deduce their chemical profile. Major chemical compounds in EOs of C. zeylanicum, C. longa, O. basilicum, Z. officinale, and C. martini were (E)-cinnamaldehyde (35.81 %), ar-turmerone (46.13 %), eugenol (36.58 %), geranyl proprionate (18.93 %), and geranyl acetate (14.88 %), respectively. The EOs shown potent antioxidant activity by DPPH and ABTS assays. The EOs presented superlative antifungal activity against P. verrucosum related to A. ochraceus. The C. zeylanicum and C. martini EOs shown superlative antifungal activity related to other EOs. The C. zeylanicum and C. martini EOs completely inhibited the growth and OTA production of P. verrucosum and A. ochraceous at 1500 and 2500 μg/g in maize grains, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar Kalagatur
- DRDO-BU-Centre for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore, 641046, India
| | - Selvakumar Gurunathan
- Center for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India
| | - Jalarama Reddy Kamasani
- Freeze Drying and Animal Products Technology, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysuru, 570011, India
| | - Lokanadhan Gunti
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605014, India
| | - Krishna Kadirvelu
- DRDO-BU-Centre for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore, 641046, India
| | | | - Shobith Rangappa
- Adichunchanagiri Institute for Molecular Medicine, Mandya, 571448, India
| | - Ram Prasad
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, 845401, India
| | - Fausto Almeida
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
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Uncharted Source of Medicinal Products: The Case of the Hedychium Genus. MEDICINES 2020; 7:medicines7050023. [PMID: 32354114 PMCID: PMC7281329 DOI: 10.3390/medicines7050023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A current research topic of great interest is the study of the therapeutic properties of plants and of their bioactive secondary metabolites. Plants have been used to treat all types of health problems from allergies to cancer, in addition to their use in the perfumery industry and as food. Hedychium species are among those plants used in folk medicine in several countries and several works have been reported to verify if and how effectively these plants exert the effects reported in folk medicine, studying their essential oils, extracts and pure secondary metabolites. Hedychium coronarium and Hedychium spicatum are the most studied species. Interesting compounds have been identified like coronarin D, which possesses antibacterial, antifungal and antitumor activities, as well as isocoronarin D, linalool and villosin that exhibit better cytotoxicity towards tumor cell lines than the reference compounds used, with villosin not affecting the non-tumor cell line. Linalool and α-pinene are the most active compounds found in Hedychium essential oils, while β-pinene is identified as the most widespread compound, being reported in 12 different Hedychium species. Since only some Hedychium species have been investigated, this review hopes to shed some light on the uncharted territory that is the Hedychium genus.
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Chaudhari AK, Dwivedy AK, Singh VK, Das S, Singh A, Dubey NK. Essential oils and their bioactive compounds as green preservatives against fungal and mycotoxin contamination of food commodities with special reference to their nanoencapsulation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:25414-25431. [PMID: 31313235 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05932-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fungal and mycotoxin contamination of stored food items is of utmost concern throughout the world due to their hazardous effects on mammalian systems. Most of the synthetic chemicals used as preservatives have often been realised to be toxic to humans and also cause adverse environmental effects. In this respect, use of different plant products especially essential oils (EOs) and their bioactive compounds has been recognized as a green strategy and safer alternatives to grey synthetic chemicals in view of their long traditional use. The current nanoencapsulation technology has strengthened the prospective of EOs and their bioactive compounds in food preservation by enhancing their bioactivity and mitigating other problems regarding their large-scale application. Although, the antimicrobial potential of EOs and their bioactive compounds has been reviewed time to time by different food microbiologists, but very less is known about their mode of action. Based on these backgrounds, the present article provides an account on the antifungal and antimycotoxigenic mode of action of EOs as well as their bioactive compounds. In addition, the article also deals with the application of currently used nanoencapsulation approach to improve the stability and efficacy of EOs and their bioactive compounds against mycotoxigenic fungi causing deterioration of stored food items so as to recommend their large-scale application for safe preservation and enhancement of shelf life of food items during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kumar Chaudhari
- Laboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of Advanced study (CAS) in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar Dwivedy
- Laboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of Advanced study (CAS) in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Vipin Kumar Singh
- Laboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of Advanced study (CAS) in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Somenath Das
- Laboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of Advanced study (CAS) in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | | | - Nawal Kishore Dubey
- Laboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of Advanced study (CAS) in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Lakshmeesha TR, Kalagatur NK, Mudili V, Mohan CD, Rangappa S, Prasad BD, Ashwini BS, Hashem A, Alqarawi AA, Malik JA, Abd Allah EF, Gupta VK, Siddaiah CN, Niranjana SR. Biofabrication of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles With Syzygium aromaticum Flower Buds Extract and Finding Its Novel Application in Controlling the Growth and Mycotoxins of Fusarium graminearum. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1244. [PMID: 31249558 PMCID: PMC6582371 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is a leading plant pathogen that causes Fusarium head blight, stalk rot, and Gibberella ear rot diseases in cereals and posing the immense threat to the microbiological safety of the food. Herein, we report the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles from Syzygium aromaticum (SaZnO NPs) flower bud extract by combustion method and investigated their application for controlling of growth and mycotoxins of F. graminearum. Formation of SaZnO NPs was confirmed by spectroscopic methods. The electron microscopic (SEM and TEM) analysis revealed the formation of triangular and hexagonal shaped SaZnO NPs with size range 30-40 nm. The synthesized SaZnO NPs reduced the growth and production of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone of F. graminearum in broth culture. Further analysis revealed that treatment of mycelia with SaZnO NPs resulted in the accumulation of ROS in the dose-dependent manner. Also, SaZnO NPs treatment enhanced lipid peroxidation, depleted ergosterol content, and caused detrimental damage to the membrane integrity of fungi. Moreover, SEM observations revealed that the presence of diverged micro-morphology (wrinkled, rough and shrank surface) in the macroconidia treated with SaZnO NPs. Taken together, SaZnO NPs may find a potential application in agriculture and food industries due to their potent antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naveen Kumar Kalagatur
- Microbiology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, India.,Toxicology and Immunology Division, DRDO-BU-Centre for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Venkataramana Mudili
- Toxicology and Immunology Division, DRDO-BU-Centre for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | | | - Shobith Rangappa
- Adichunchanagiri Institute for Molecular Medicine, Mandya, India
| | | | | | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Mycology and Plant Disease Survey Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdulaziz A Alqarawi
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jahangir Ahmad Malik
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
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Gunti L, Dass RS, Kalagatur NK. Phytofabrication of Selenium Nanoparticles From Emblica officinalis Fruit Extract and Exploring Its Biopotential Applications: Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Biocompatibility. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:931. [PMID: 31114564 PMCID: PMC6503097 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, phytofabricated selenium nanoparticles (PF-SeNPs) were prepared from aqueous fruit extract of Emblica officinalis in a facile, green, economic, tactic and eco-friendly way. The aqueous fruit extract of E. officinalis was found to be rich with various secondary metabolites including phenolics (59.18 ± 2.91 mg gallic acid equivalents/g), flavonoids (38.50 ± 2.84 mg catechin equivalents/g), and tannins (44.28 ± 3.09 mg tannic acid equivalents/g) and determined that highly appropriate for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles. The facile phytofabrication of PF-SeNPs was confirmed by UV-visible and FTIR spectroscopic analysis. The XRD pattern and Raman spectroscopy showed that synthesized PF-SeNPs were amorphous in nature. The Zeta potential analysis confirmed that PF-SeNPs were negatively charged (-24.4 mV). The DLS analysis revealed that PF-SeNPs were in nano size and less aggregated with poly-dispersity index of less than 0.2. The SEM images depicted that PF-SeNPs were spherical in shape. The EDX analysis revealed that PF-SeNPs were constituted with Se (61.60%), C (29.96%), and O (4.41%). The HR-TEM analysis determined that PF-SeNPs were in nano size with an average diameter of 15–40 nm. The PF-SeNPs have offered fascinating bio-potential applications, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial and biocompatibility. They have also exhibited dose-dependent free radical scavenging activity, and EC50 was determined as 15.67 ± 1.41 and 18.84 ± 1.02 μg/mL for DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively. The PF-SeNPs has also shown the wide range of antimicrobial activity on foodborne pathogens, and it was found to be highly efficient on fungi followed by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The biocompatibility of PF-SeNPs was assessed in N2a cells with much higher IC50 value (dose required to inhibit 50% of cell viability) compared to sodium selenite. Also, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and caspase-3 were much less altered on treatment of PF-SeNPs related to sodium selenite. The cytotoxic studies clearly determined that PF-SeNPs was much less toxic and safer related to sodium selenite. Thus, PF-SeNPs could find suitable application as antioxidant and antimicrobial agent in food, biomedical, and pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokanadhan Gunti
- Molecular Fungal Genetics and Mycotoxicology Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Regina Sharmila Dass
- Molecular Fungal Genetics and Mycotoxicology Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Kalagatur
- Food Microbiology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysuru, India.,Immunology and Toxicology Division, DRDO-BU Center for Life Sciences, Coimbatore, India
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Kalagatur NK, Kamasani JR, Mudili V. Assessment of Detoxification Efficacy of Irradiation on Zearalenone Mycotoxin in Various Fruit Juices by Response Surface Methodology and Elucidation of Its in-vitro Toxicity. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2937. [PMID: 30555450 PMCID: PMC6284055 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fruits are vital portion of healthy diet owed to rich source of vitamins, minerals, and dietary fibers, which are highly favorable in keeping individual fit. Unfortunately, these days, one-third of fruits were infested with fungi and their toxic metabolites called mycotoxins, which is most annoying and pose significant health risk. Therefore, there is a need to suggest appropriate mitigation strategies to overcome the mycotoxins contamination in fruits. In the present study, detoxification efficiency of irradiation on zearalenone (ZEA) mycotoxin was investigated in distilled water and fruit juices (orange, pineapple, and tomato) applying statistical program response surface methodology (RSM). The independent factors were distinct doses of irradiation and ZEA, and response factor was a percentage of ZEA reduction in content. A central composite design (CCD) consists of 13 experiments were planned applying software program Design expert with distinct doses of irradiation (up to 10 kGy) and ZEA (1-5 μg). The results revealed that independent factors had a positive significant effect on the response factor. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was followed to fit a proper statistical model and suggested that quadratic model was appropriate. The optimized model concluded that doses of irradiation and ZEA were the determinant factors for detoxification of ZEA in fruit juices. Further, toxicological safety of irradiation mediated detoxified ZEA was assessed in the cell line model by determining the cell viability (MTT and live/dead cell assays), intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), nuclear damage, and caspase-3 activity. The higher level of live cells and MMP, lower extent of intracellular ROS molecules and caspase-3, and intact nuclear material were noticed in cells treated with irradiation mediated detoxified ZEA related to non-detoxified ZEA. The results confirmed that toxicity of ZEA was decreased with irradiation treatment and detoxification of ZEA by irradiation is safe. The study concluded that irradiation could be a potential post-harvest food processing technique for detoxification of ZEA mycotoxin in fruit juices. However, irradiation of fruit juices with high dose of 10 kGy has minimally altered the quality of fruit juices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar Kalagatur
- Toxicology and Immunology Division, DRDO-BU-Centre for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Jalarama Reddy Kamasani
- Freeze Drying and Processing Technology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, India
| | - Venkataramana Mudili
- Toxicology and Immunology Division, DRDO-BU-Centre for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
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