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Yang Y, Xie S, He F, Xu Y, Wang Z, Ihsan A, Wang X. Recent development and fighting strategies for lincosamide antibiotic resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024; 37:e0016123. [PMID: 38634634 PMCID: PMC11237733 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00161-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYLincosamides constitute an important class of antibiotics used against a wide range of pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. However, due to the misuse of lincosamide and co-selection pressure, the resistance to lincosamide has become a serious concern. It is urgently needed to carefully understand the phenomenon and mechanism of lincosamide resistance to effectively prevent and control lincosamide resistance. To date, six mobile lincosamide resistance classes, including lnu, cfr, erm, vga, lsa, and sal, have been identified. These lincosamide resistance genes are frequently found on mobile genetic elements (MGEs), such as plasmids, transposons, integrative and conjugative elements, genomic islands, and prophages. Additionally, MGEs harbor the genes that confer resistance not only to antimicrobial agents of other classes but also to metals and biocides. The ultimate purpose of discovering and summarizing bacterial resistance is to prevent, control, and combat resistance effectively. This review highlights four promising strategies, including chemical modification of antibiotics, the development of antimicrobial peptides, the initiation of bacterial self-destruct program, and antimicrobial stewardship, to fight against resistance and safeguard global health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Yang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shiyu Xie
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fangjing He
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yindi Xu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry Research, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhifang Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry Research, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Awais Ihsan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Kawanishi M, Matsuda M, Abo H, Ozawa M, Hosoi Y, Hiraoka Y, Harada S, Kumakawa M, Sekiguchi H. Prevalence and Genetic Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Pigs in Japan. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:155. [PMID: 38391541 PMCID: PMC10885860 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated the prevalence of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) in pig slaughterhouses from 2018 to 2022 in Japan and the isolates were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic characteristics by whole-genome analysis. Although the positive LA-MRSA rates on farms (29.6%) and samples (9.9%) in 2022 in Japan remained lower than those observed in European countries exhibiting extremely high rates of confirmed human LA-MRSA infections, these rates showed a gradually increasing trend over five years. The ST398/t034 strain was predominant, followed by ST5/t002, and differences were identified between ST398 and ST5 in terms of antimicrobial susceptibility and the resistance genes carried. Notably, LA-MRSA possessed resistance genes toward many antimicrobial classes, with 91.4% of the ST398 strains harboring zinc resistance genes. These findings indicate that the co-selection pressure associated with multidrug and zinc resistance may have contributed markedly to LA-MRSA persistence. SNP analysis revealed that ST398 and ST5 of swine origin were classified into a different cluster of MRSA from humans, showing the same ST in Japan and lacking the immune evasion genes (scn, sak, or chp). Although swine-origin LA-MRSA is currently unlikely to spread to humans and become a problem in current clinical practice, preventing its dissemination requires using antimicrobials prudently, limiting zinc utilization to the minimum required nutrient, and practicing fundamental hygiene measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Kawanishi
- Veterinary AMR Center, National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
| | - Mari Matsuda
- Veterinary AMR Center, National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Abo
- Veterinary AMR Center, National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
| | - Manao Ozawa
- Veterinary AMR Center, National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
| | - Yuta Hosoi
- Veterinary AMR Center, National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
| | - Yukari Hiraoka
- Veterinary AMR Center, National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
| | - Saki Harada
- Veterinary AMR Center, National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
| | - Mio Kumakawa
- Veterinary AMR Center, National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
| | - Hideto Sekiguchi
- Veterinary AMR Center, National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
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Conceição S, Queiroga MC, Laranjo M. Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria from Meat and Meat Products: A One Health Perspective. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2581. [PMID: 37894239 PMCID: PMC10609446 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the 2030 Agenda of the United Nations, one of the sustainable development goals is to ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns. The need to ensure food safety includes, other than microbiological hazards, concerns with antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria. The emergence of resistant bacteria in the food industry is essentially due to the abusive, and sometimes incorrect, administration of antimicrobials. Although not allowed in Europe, antimicrobials are often administered to promote animal growth. Each time antimicrobials are used, a selective pressure is applied to AMR bacteria. Moreover, AMR genes can be transmitted to humans through the consumption of meat-harbouring-resistant bacteria, which highlights the One Health dimension of antimicrobial resistance. Furthermore, the appropriate use of antimicrobials to ensure efficacy and the best possible outcome for the treatment of infections is regulated through the recommendations of antimicrobial stewardship. The present manuscript aims to give the current state of the art about the transmission of AMR bacteria, particularly methicillin-resistant S. aureus, ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp., along with other ESKAPE bacteria, from animals to humans through the consumption of meat and meat products, with emphasis on pork meat and pork meat products, which are considered the most consumed worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Conceição
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (S.C.); (M.C.Q.)
| | - Maria Cristina Queiroga
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (S.C.); (M.C.Q.)
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Marta Laranjo
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (S.C.); (M.C.Q.)
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
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Wang Y, Zhang P, Wu J, Chen S, Jin Y, Long J, Duan G, Yang H. Transmission of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus between animals, environment, and humans in the farm. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:86521-86539. [PMID: 37418185 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28532-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a fearsome bacterial pathogen that can colonize and infect humans and animals. Depending on the different sources, MRSA is classified as hospital-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (HA-MRSA), community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA), and livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA). LA-MRSA is initially associated with livestock, and clonal complexes (CCs) were almost always 398. However, the continued development of animal husbandry, globalization, and the widespread use of antibiotics have increased the spread of LA-MRSA among humans, livestock, and the environment, and other clonal complexes such as CC9, CC5, and CC8 have gradually emerged in various countries. This may be due to frequent host switching between humans and animals, as well as between animals. Host-switching is typically followed by subsequent adaptation through acquisition and/or loss of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) such as phages, pathogenicity islands, and plasmids as well as further host-specific mutations allowing it to expand into new host populations. This review aimed to provide an overview of the transmission characteristics of S. aureus in humans, animals, and farm environments, and also to describe the main prevalent clones of LA-MRSA and the changes in MGEs during host switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Peihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shuaiyin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yuefei Jin
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jinzhao Long
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Guangcai Duan
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Determination of Virulence Factors and Resistance Profile of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains among Different Types of spa, agr, and SCCmec. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5863310. [PMID: 36281464 PMCID: PMC9587906 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5863310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In order to restrict the spread of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in hospitals, it is necessary to characterize isolates rapidly and precisely. The objective of this study was to determine virulence factors and resistance profiles of MRSA strains among spa, agr, and SCCmec types. In total, 55 MRSA isolates were collected from clinical specimens. The MRSA isolates were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, virulence genes, agr typing, spa typing, and SCCmec typing. According to our findings, all MRSA strains were resistant to cefoxitin; 88% and 86.7% of which were resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin, respectively. Type II agr was predominant with 54.54% frequency. Among 27 different spa types, type t030 was most frequently (25.45%). Most MRSA isolates (63.3%) were SCCmec type III. The pvl and tst genes were found in 25.3% and 32.7% of MRSA isolates, respectively. Among the MRSA strains, ermA, ermB, and ermC were present in 50%, 33.3%, and 57.3% of cases, respectively. In addition, 43 of the 55 MRSA strains (78%) harbored aminoglycoside resistance genes. The results of our study revealed that the MRSA rate in our region is dramatically high. Better infection control guidelines in hospitals, as well as ongoing epidemiological surveillance studies, could be strongly suggested for effective prevention of the spread of MRSA to inpatients.
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Mat Rani NNI, Mustafa Hussein Z, Mustapa F, Azhari H, Sekar M, Chen XY, Mohd Amin MCI. Exploring the possible targeting strategies of liposomes against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 165:84-105. [PMID: 33974973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multi antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections are on the rise due to the overuse of antibiotics. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the pathogens listed under the category of serious threats where vancomycin remains the mainstay treatment despite the availability of various antibacterial agents. Recently, decreased susceptibility to vancomycin from clinical isolates of MRSA has been reported and has drawn worldwide attention as it is often difficult to overcome and leads to increased medical costs, mortality, and longer hospital stays. Development of antibiotic delivery systems is often necessary to improve bioavailability and biodistribution, in order to reduce antibiotic resistance and increase the lifespan of antibiotics. Liposome entrapment has been used as a method to allow higher drug dosing apart from reducing toxicity associated with drugs. The surface of the liposomes can also be designed and enhanced with drug-release properties, active targeting, and stealth effects to prevent recognition by the mononuclear phagocyte system, thus enhancing its circulation time. The present review aimed to highlight the possible targeting strategies of liposomes against MRSA bacteremia systemically while investigating the magnitude of this effect on the minimum inhibitory concentration level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Najihah Izzati Mat Rani
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, 30450 Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Zahraa Mustafa Hussein
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fahimi Mustapa
- Hospital Batu Gajah Jalan Changkat, 31000 Batu Gajah, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Hanisah Azhari
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, 30450 Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Xiang Yi Chen
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Cairul Iqbal Mohd Amin
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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7
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Deshpande L, Cantrell L, Romero JR, Carvalhaes C, Sader HS, Mendes RE. Characterization of a vga gene variant recovered from a Staphylococcus saprophyticus causing a community-acquired urinary tract infection: report from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program 2017. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 100:115398. [PMID: 34030104 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2021.115398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A patient with a history of UTI acquired an isolate of Staphylococcus saprophyticus that was resistant to clindamycin, streptogramin A, pleuromutilins (LSPs), and oxacillin. A plasmid-located vga variant was identified in this pathogen, and the encoded protein showed a 39% to 67% identity to other previously characterized vga.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - José R Romero
- Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR, USA; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Park S, Ronholm J. Staphylococcus aureus in Agriculture: Lessons in Evolution from a Multispecies Pathogen. Clin Microbiol Rev 2021; 34:e00182-20. [PMID: 33568553 PMCID: PMC7950364 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00182-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a formidable bacterial pathogen that is responsible for infections in humans and various species of wild, companion, and agricultural animals. The ability of S. aureus to move between humans and livestock is due to specific characteristics of this bacterium as well as modern agricultural practices. Pathoadaptive clonal lineages of S. aureus have emerged and caused significant economic losses in the agricultural sector. While humans appear to be a primary reservoir for S. aureus, the continued expansion of the livestock industry, globalization, and ubiquitous use of antibiotics has increased the dissemination of pathoadaptive S. aureus in this environment. This review comprehensively summarizes the available literature on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, genomics, antibiotic resistance (ABR), and clinical manifestations of S. aureus infections in domesticated livestock. The availability of S. aureus whole-genome sequence data has provided insight into the mechanisms of host adaptation and host specificity. Several lineages of S. aureus are specifically adapted to a narrow host range on a short evolutionary time scale. However, on a longer evolutionary time scale, host-specific S. aureus has jumped the species barrier between livestock and humans in both directions several times. S. aureus illustrates how close contact between humans and animals in high-density environments can drive evolution. The use of antibiotics in agriculture also drives the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains, making the possible emergence of human-adapted ABR strains from agricultural practices concerning. Addressing the concerns of ABR S. aureus, without negatively affecting agricultural productivity, is a challenging priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoun Park
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jennifer Ronholm
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
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Albert E, Sipos R, Jánosi S, Kovács P, Kenéz Á, Micsinai A, Noszály Z, Biksi I. Occurrence and characterisation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine milk in Hungary. Acta Vet Hung 2020; 68:236-241. [PMID: 33180030 DOI: 10.1556/004.2020.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The last surveys on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from bovine milk in Hungary took place in the 2000s. To elucidate the genetic variability and to estimate the burden of the pathogen, MRSA from our strain collection and prospectively collected Staphylococcus aureus (SA) isolates originating from two milk hygiene laboratories were investigated. Between 2003 and 2018, 27 MRSA strains originating from 10 dairy farms were deposited and characterised. Most strains (n = 20) belonged to ST1-t127-SCCmecIV and were recovered from three unrelated farms. From other farms, variable genotypes were identified sporadically: ST22-t032-SCCmecIV from three farms; a newly described double locus variant of ST97, ST5982-t458-SCCmecIV from two farms; and ST398-t011-SCCmecIV and ST398-t011-SCCmecV from two respective farms. The prospective screening of 626 individual SA isolates originating from 42 dairy farms resulted in four (0.48 %) MRSA strains from three (7.14 %) farms. All MRSA isolates belonged to the clonal complex 398 and a novel spa-type t19251 was also identified. Most isolates were resistant to three or more antimicrobial classes. The occurrence and significance of MRSA of dairy origin seems to be unchanged in the past decade in Hungary. However, the low host specificity and multiresistance of the identified genotypes calls for periodic revision on the role and distribution of the pathogen in the Hungarian dairy sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ervin Albert
- 1Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Üllő, Dóra major, H-2225, Hungary
| | | | - Szilárd Jánosi
- 3National Food Chain Safety Office, Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Kovács
- 4Department of Animal Hygiene, Herd Health and Mobile Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Árpád Kenéz
- 5Livestock Performance Testing Ltd., Gödöllő, Hungary
| | | | - Zsófia Noszály
- 1Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Üllő, Dóra major, H-2225, Hungary
| | - Imre Biksi
- 1Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Üllő, Dóra major, H-2225, Hungary
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Matuszewska M, Murray GGR, Harrison EM, Holmes MA, Weinert LA. The Evolutionary Genomics of Host Specificity in Staphylococcus aureus. Trends Microbiol 2020; 28:465-477. [PMID: 31948727 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an important human bacterial pathogen that has a cosmopolitan host range, including livestock, companion and wild animal species. Genomic and epidemiological studies show that S. aureus has jumped between host species many times over its evolutionary history. These jumps have involved the dynamic gain and loss of host-specific adaptive genes, usually located on mobile genetic elements. The same functional elements are often consistently gained in jumps into a particular species. Further sampling of diverse animal species is likely to uncover an even broader host range and greater genetic diversity of S. aureus than is already known, and understanding S. aureus host specificity in these hosts will mitigate the risks of emergent human and livestock strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Matuszewska
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Gemma G R Murray
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Ewan M Harrison
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Mark A Holmes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Lucy A Weinert
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
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Carvalho Junior AR, Martins ALDB, Cutrim BDS, Santos DM, Maia HS, Silva MSMD, Zagmignan A, Silva MRC, Monteiro CDA, Guilhon GMSP, Cantanhede Filho AJ, Nascimento da Silva LC. Betulinic Acid Prevents the Acquisition of Ciprofloxacin-Mediated Mutagenesis in Staphylococcus aureus. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091757. [PMID: 31067626 PMCID: PMC6539033 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of damage on bacterial DNA (mediated by antibiotics, for example) is intimately associated with the activation of the SOS system. This pathway is related to the development of mutations that might result in the acquisition and spread of resistance and virulence factors. The inhibition of the SOS response has been highlighted as an emerging resource, in order to reduce the emergence of drug resistance and tolerance. Herein, we evaluated the ability of betulinic acid (BA), a plant-derived triterpenoid, to reduce the activation of the SOS response and its associated phenotypic alterations, induced by ciprofloxacin in Staphylococcus aureus. BA did not show antimicrobial activity against S. aureus (MIC > 5000 µg/mL), however, it (at 100 and 200 µg/mL) was able to reduce the expression of recA induced by ciprofloxacin. This effect was accompanied by an enhancement of the ciprofloxacin antimicrobial action and reduction of S. aureus cell volume (as seen by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy). BA could also increase the hyperpolarization of the S. aureus membrane, related to the ciprofloxacin action. Furthermore, BA inhibited the progress of tolerance and the mutagenesis induced by this drug. Taken together, these findings indicate that the betulinic acid is a promising lead molecule in the development helper drugs. These compounds may be able to reduce the S. aureus mutagenicity associated with antibiotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Deivid Martins Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, Maranhão 65075-120, Brazil.
| | - Hermerson Sousa Maia
- Programa de Pós-graduação, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, Maranhão 65075-120, Brazil.
| | | | - Adrielle Zagmignan
- Programa de Pós-graduação, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, Maranhão 65075-120, Brazil.
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