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Hamilton R, Jacobs JL, McCoy AG, Kelly HM, Bradley CA, Malvick DK, Rojas JA, Chilvers MI. Multistate Sensitivity Monitoring of Fusarium virguliforme to the SDHI Fungicides Fluopyram and Pydiflumetofen in the United States. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:1602-1611. [PMID: 38127633 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-23-2465-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Sudden death syndrome (SDS), caused by Fusarium virguliforme, is an important yield-limiting disease of soybean (Glycine max). From 1996 to 2022, cumulative yield losses attributed to SDS in North America totaled over 25 million metric tons, which was valued at over US $7.8 billion. Seed treatments are widely used to manage SDS by reducing early season soybean root infection by F. virguliforme. Fluopyram (succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor [SDHI] - FRAC 7), a fungicide seed treatment for SDS management, has been registered for use on soybean in the United States since 2014. A baseline sensitivity study conducted in 2014 evaluated 130 F. virguliforme isolates collected from five states to fluopyram in a mycelial growth inhibition assay and reported a mean EC50 of 3.35 mg/liter. This baseline study provided the foundation for the objectives of this research: to detect any statistically significant change in fluopyram sensitivity over time and geographical regions within the United States and to investigate sensitivity to the fungicide pydiflumetofen. We repeated fluopyram sensitivity testing on a panel of 80 historical F. virguliforme isolates collected from 2006 to 2013 (76 of which were used in the baseline study) and conducted testing on 123 contemporary isolates collected from 2016 to 2022 from 11 states. This study estimated a mean absolute EC50 of 3.95 mg/liter in isolates collected from 2006 to 2013 and a mean absolute EC50 of 4.19 mg/liter in those collected in 2016 to 2022. There was no significant change in fluopyram sensitivity (P = 0.1) identified between the historical and contemporary isolates. A subset of 23 isolates, tested against pydiflumetofen under the same conditions, estimated an absolute mean EC50 of 0.11 mg/liter. Moderate correlation was detected between fluopyram and pydiflumetofen sensitivity estimates (R = 0.53; P < 0.001). These findings enable future fluopyram and pydiflumetofen resistance monitoring and inform current soybean SDS management strategies in a regional and national context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Hamilton
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Janette L Jacobs
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Austin G McCoy
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Heather M Kelly
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Jackson, TN 38301
| | - Carl A Bradley
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Princeton, KY 42445
| | - Dean K Malvick
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - J Alejandro Rojas
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
| | - Martin I Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
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Rocha LF, Subedi A, Pimentel MF, Bond JP, Fakhoury AM. Fluopyram activates systemic resistance in soybean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1020167. [PMID: 36352871 PMCID: PMC9638427 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1020167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The soybean cyst nematode (SCN) (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) is a significant yield-limiting factor in soybean production in the Midwestern US. Several management practices are implemented to mitigate yield losses caused by SCN, including using SDHI (succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors) fungicides delivered as seed treatments. A set of studies was conducted to evaluate the effect of two seed-applied succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHI) compounds, fluopyram and pydiflumetofen, on SCN population densities, plant injury, and plant growth. Cyst counts in untreated control and pydiflumetofen treated plants were 3.44 and 3.59 times higher than fluopyram, respectively, while egg counts were 8.25 and 7.06 times higher in control and pydiflumetofen. Next-generation sequencing was later employed to identify transcriptomic shifts in gene expression profiles in fluopyram and pydiflumetofen -treated seedlings. RNA expression patterns of seed treatments clustered by sampling time (5 DAP vs. 10 DAP); therefore, downstream analysis was conducted by timepoint. At 5 DAP, 10,870 and 325 differentially expressed genes (DEG) were identified in fluopyram and pydiflumetofen, respectively. These same treatments generated 219 and 2 DEGs at 10 DAP. Multiple DEGs identified in soybean seedlings treated with fluopyram are linked to systemic resistance, suggesting a potential role of systemic resistance in the suppression of SCN by fluopyram, in addition to the known nematicidal activity. The non-target inhibition of soybean succinate dehydrogenase genes by fluopyram may be the origin of the phytotoxicity symptoms observed and potentially the source of the systemic resistance activation reported in the current study. This work helps to elucidate the mechanisms of suppression of SCN by fluopyram.
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Liu S, Ma J, Jiang B, Yang G, Guo M. Functional characterization of MoSdhB in conferring resistance to pydiflumetofen in blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:4018-4027. [PMID: 35645253 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice (Oryza sativa) is an important cereal crop around the world, and has constantly been threaten by the most destructive fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Pydiflumetofen, a novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI), is currently being used for controlling various fungal diseases. However, the potential resistance risk of M. oryzae to pydiflumetofen has remained unclear to date, and finding the resistance mechanism is critical for the usage of this fungicide. RESULTS The M. oryzae strain Guy11 is sensitive to pydiflumetofen, with EC50 value of 1.24 μg mL-1 . 58 pydiflumetofen-resistant (PR) mutants were obtained through pydiflumetofen-induced spontaneous mutation, with a mean EC50 value >500 μg mL -1 , and the resistance factor (RF) >400. The PR mutants displayed positive cross-resistance to carboxin, but were more sensitive to fluopyram. Sequencing analysis showed that all PR mutants presented a cytosine-to-thymine transition at nucleotide position +1218, resulting in a replacement of histidine 245 by tyrosine (H245Y) on MoSdhB. The mutation of MoSdhB exhibited strong resistant phenotype, but no detectable growth deficits in fungal development, including vegetative growth and pathogenicity of M. oryzae. An allele-specific PCR for rapid detection of the H245Y mutants was established in M. oryzae. CONCLUSION The M. oryzae is sensitive to pydiflumetofen, and shows a medium to high resistance risk to pydiflumetofen. A point mutation of MoSdhB (H245Y) is responsible for the fungal resistance to pydiflumetofen in M. oryzae. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Ji Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Bingxin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Guogen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Min Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Schleker ASS, Rist M, Matera C, Damijonaitis A, Collienne U, Matsuoka K, Habash SS, Twelker K, Gutbrod O, Saalwächter C, Windau M, Matthiesen S, Stefanovska T, Scharwey M, Marx MT, Geibel S, Grundler FMW. Mode of action of fluopyram in plant-parasitic nematodes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11954. [PMID: 35831379 PMCID: PMC9279378 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15782-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN) are responsible for severe yield losses in crop production. Management is challenging as effective and safe means are rare. Recently, it has been discovered that the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibitor fluopyram is highly effective against PPN while accompanying an excellent safety profile. Here we show that fluopyram is a potent inhibitor of SDH in nematodes but not in mammals, insects and earthworm, explaining the selectivity on molecular level. As a consequence of SDH inhibition, fluopyram impairs ATP generation and causes paralysis in PPN and Caenorhabditis elegans. Interestingly, efficacy differences of fluopyram amongst PPN species can be observed. Permanent exposure to micromolar to nanomolar amounts of fluopyram prevents Meloidogyne spp. and Heterodera schachtii infection and their development at the root. Preincubation of Meloidogyne incognita J2 with fluopyram followed by a recovery period effectively reduces gall formation. However, the same procedure does not inhibit H. schachtii infection and development. Sequence comparison of sites relevant for ligand binding identified amino acid differences in SDHC which likely mediate selectivity, coincidently revealing a unique amino acid difference within SDHC conserved among Heterodera spp. Docking and C. elegans mutant studies suggest that this minute difference mediates altered sensitivity of H. schachtii towards fluopyram.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sylvia S Schleker
- Molecular Phytomedicine, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Marc Rist
- Research and Development, CropScience Division, Bayer AG, Alfred-Nobel-Str.50, 40789, Monheim am Rhein, Germany.
| | - Christiane Matera
- Molecular Phytomedicine, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Arunas Damijonaitis
- Research and Development, CropScience Division, Bayer AG, Alfred-Nobel-Str.50, 40789, Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Ursel Collienne
- Research and Development, CropScience Division, Bayer AG, Alfred-Nobel-Str.50, 40789, Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Koichi Matsuoka
- Molecular Phytomedicine, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Samer S Habash
- Molecular Phytomedicine, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- BASF Vegetable Seeds, Napoleonsweg 152, 6083 AB, Nunhem, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Twelker
- Research and Development, CropScience Division, Bayer AG, Alfred-Nobel-Str.50, 40789, Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Oliver Gutbrod
- Research and Development, CropScience Division, Bayer AG, Alfred-Nobel-Str.50, 40789, Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Corinna Saalwächter
- Research and Development, CropScience Division, Bayer AG, Alfred-Nobel-Str.50, 40789, Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Maren Windau
- Research and Development, CropScience Division, Bayer AG, Alfred-Nobel-Str.50, 40789, Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Svend Matthiesen
- Research and Development, CropScience Division, Bayer AG, Alfred-Nobel-Str.50, 40789, Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Tatyana Stefanovska
- Department of Entomology, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyiv, 03041, Ukraine
| | - Melanie Scharwey
- Research and Development, CropScience Division, Bayer AG, Alfred-Nobel-Str.50, 40789, Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Michael T Marx
- Research and Development, CropScience Division, Bayer AG, Alfred-Nobel-Str.50, 40789, Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Sven Geibel
- Research and Development, CropScience Division, Bayer AG, Alfred-Nobel-Str.50, 40789, Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Florian M W Grundler
- Molecular Phytomedicine, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
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Sang H, Chang HX, Choi S, Son D, Lee G, Chilvers MI. Genome-wide transcriptional response of the causal soybean sudden death syndrome pathogen Fusarium virguliforme to a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fluopyram. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:530-540. [PMID: 34561937 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) have been widely used to manage plant diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi. Although attention to and use of SDHI fungicides has recently increased, molecular responses of fungal pathogens to SDHIs have often not been investigated. A SDHI fungicide, fluopyram, has been used as a soybean seed treatment and has displayed effective control of Fusarium virguliforme, one of the causal agents of soybean sudden death syndrome. To examine genome-wide gene expression of F. virguliforme to fluopyram, RNA-seq analysis was conducted on two field strains of F. virguliforme with differing SDHI fungicide sensitivity in the absence and presence of fluopyram. RESULTS The analysis indicated that several xenobiotic detoxification-related genes, such as those of deoxygenase, transferases and transporters, were highly induced by fluopyram. Among the genes, four ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters were characterized by the yeast expression system. The results revealed that expression of three ABCG transporters was associated with reduced sensitivity to multiple fungicides including fluopyram. In addition, heterologous expression of a major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporter that was highly expressed in the fluopyram-insensitive F. virguliforme strain in the yeast system conferred decreased sensitivity to fluopyram. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that xenobiotic detoxification-related genes were highly upregulated in response to fluopyram, and expression of ABC or MFS transporter genes was associated with reduced sensitivity to the SDHI fungicide. This is the first transcriptomic analysis of the fungal species response to fluopyram and the finding will help elucidate the molecular mechanisms of SDHI resistance. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunkyu Sang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
- Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hao-Xun Chang
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sungyu Choi
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Doeun Son
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Gahee Lee
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Martin I Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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6
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Li S, Li X, Zhang H, Wang Z, Xu H. The research progress in and perspective of potential fungicides: Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 50:116476. [PMID: 34757244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) have become one of the fastest growing classes of new fungicides since entering the market, and have attracted increasing attention as a result of their unique structure, high activity and broad fungicidal spectrum. The mechanism of SDHIs is to inhibit the activity of succinate dehydrogenase, thereby affecting mitochondrial respiration and ultimately killing pathogenic fungi. At present, they have become popular varieties researched and developed by major pesticide companies in the world. In the review, we focused on the mechanism, the history, the representative varieties, structure-activity relationship and resistance of SDHIs. Finally, the potential directions for the development of SDHIs were discussed. It is hoped that this review can strengthen the individuals' understanding of SDHIs and provide some inspiration for the development of new fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Li
- Engineering Research Center of Pesticide of Heilongjiang Province, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, 150080 Harbin, China
| | - Xiangshuai Li
- Engineering Research Center of Pesticide of Heilongjiang Province, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, 150080 Harbin, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Pesticide of Heilongjiang Province, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, 150080 Harbin, China
| | - Zishi Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Pesticide of Heilongjiang Province, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, 150080 Harbin, China.
| | - Hongliang Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Pesticide of Heilongjiang Province, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, 150080 Harbin, China.
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Rodriguez MC, Sautua F, Scandiani M, Carmona M, Asurmendi S. Current recommendations and novel strategies for sustainable management of soybean sudden death syndrome. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:4238-4248. [PMID: 33942966 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The increase in food production requires reduction of the damage caused by plant pathogens, minimizing the environmental impact of management practices. Soil-borne pathogens are among the most relevant pathogens that affect soybean crop yield. Soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS), caused by several distinct species of Fusarium, produces significant yield losses in the leading soybean-producing countries in North and South America. Current management strategies for SDS are scarce since there are no highly resistant cultivars and only a few fungicide seed treatments are available. Because of this, innovative approaches for SDS management need to be developed. Here, we summarize recently explored strategies based on plant nutrition, biological control, priming of plant defenses, host-induced gene silencing, and the development of new SDS-resistance cultivars using precision breeding techniques. Finally, sustainable management of SDS should also consider cultural control practices with minimal environmental impact. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Rodriguez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Sautua
- Fitopatología, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Scandiani
- Centro de Referencia de Micología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Carmona
- Fitopatología, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Asurmendi
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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8
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Touray M, Cimen H, Gulsen SH, Ulug D, Erdogus D, Shapiro-Ilan D, Hazir S. The impact of chemical nematicides on entomopathogenic nematode survival and infectivity. J Nematol 2021. [DOI: 10.21307/jofnem-2021-049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Roth MG, Jacobs JL, Napieralski S, Byrne AM, Stouffer-Hopkins A, Warner F, Chilvers MI. Fluopyram Suppresses Population Densities of Heterodera glycines in Field and Greenhouse Studies in Michigan. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 104:1305-1311. [PMID: 32155114 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-19-0874-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines Ichinohe, causes significant damage to soybean production annually. Fluopyram is a fungicide commonly used in soybean seed treatments intended to control soilborne fungal pathogens; however, recent studies have also suggested inhibitory effects on SCN. We examined the effects of a fluopyram seed treatment, ILeVO, on SCN reproduction, sudden death syndrome (SDS) development, and yield in a 3-year field study. Overall, fluopyram had a significant effect on yield (P = 0.046) and end-of-season SCN eggs and second-stage juveniles (Pf, P = 0.033) but no significant effect on SCN reproduction (Rf) or SDS disease index (P > 0.05). Post hoc tests indicated that fluopyram increased yield and suppressed SCN quantities. However, Rf was consistently greater than 1 whether or not the seed was treated with fluopyram, indicating that SCN populations were still increasing in the presence of fluopyram. A follow-up greenhouse study indicated that fluopyram reduced SCN relative to nontreated controls, as observed in the field, but only reduced SCN DNA within roots of a susceptible cultivar. These results indicate that fluopyram can suppress SCN quantities relative to nontreated seed but may not successfully reduce nematode populations without the use of additional management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Roth
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
- Genetics Graduate Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - J L Jacobs
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - S Napieralski
- Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A
| | - A M Byrne
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - A Stouffer-Hopkins
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - F Warner
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - M I Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
- Genetics Graduate Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
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Chen M, Zhang J, Liu H, Wang M, Pan L, Chen N, Wang T, Jing Y, Chi X, Du B. Long-term continuously monocropped peanut significantly disturbed the balance of soil fungal communities. J Microbiol 2020; 58:563-573. [PMID: 32329018 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-020-9573-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Balancing soil microbial diversity and abundance is critical to sustaining soil health, and understanding the dynamics of soil microbes in a monocropping system can help determine how continuous monocropping practices induce soil sickness mediated by microorganisms. This study used previously constructed gradient continuous monocropping plots and four varieties with different monocropping responses were investigated. The feedback responses of their soil fungal communities to short-term and long-term continuous monocropping were tracked using high-throughput sequencing techniques. The analyses indicated that soil samples from 1 and 2 year monocropped plots were grouped into one class, and samples from the 11 and 12 year plots were grouped into another, regardless of variety. At the species level, the F. solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Neocosmospora striata, Acrophialophora levis, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus corrugatus, Thielavia hyrcaniae, Emericellopsis minima, and Scedosporium aurantiacum taxa showed significantly increased abundances in the long-term monocropping libraries compared to the short-term cropping libraries. In contrast, Talaromyces flavus, Talaromyces purpureogenus, Mortierella alpina, Paranamyces uniporus, and Volutella citrinella decreased in the long-term monocropping libraries compared to the short-term libraries. This study, combined with our previous study, showed that fungal community structure was significantly affected by the length of the monocropping period, but peanut variety and growth stages were less important. The increase in pathogen abundances and the decrease in beneficial fungi abundances seem to be the main cause for the yield decline and poor growth of long-term monocultured peanut. Simplification of fungal community diversity could also contribute to peanut soil sickness under long-term monocropping. Additionally, the different responses of peanut varieties to monocropping may be related to variations in their microbial community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingna Chen
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, P. R. China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P. R. China
| | | | - Hu Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P. R. China
| | - Mian Wang
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - LiJuan Pan
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Na Chen
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Tong Wang
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Yu Jing
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chi
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, P. R. China.
| | - Binghai Du
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P. R. China.
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Roth MG, Oudman KA, Griffin A, Jacobs JL, Sang H, Chilvers MI. Diagnostic qPCR Assay to Detect Fusarium brasiliense, a Causal Agent of Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome and Root Rot of Dry Bean. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 104:246-254. [PMID: 31644390 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-19-0016-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Species within clade 2 of the Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) are significant pathogens of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and soybean (Glycine max), causing root rot and/or sudden death syndrome (SDS). These species are morphologically difficult to distinguish and often require molecular tools for proper diagnosis to a species level. Here, a TaqMan probe-based quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay was developed to distinguish Fusarium brasiliense from other closely related species within clade 2 of the FSSC. The assay displays high specificity against close relatives and high sensitivity, with a detection limit of 100 fg. This assay was able to detect F. brasiliense from purified mycelia, infected dry bean roots, and soil samples throughout Michigan. When multiplexed with an existing qPCR assay specific to Fusarium virguliforme, accurate quantification of both F. brasiliense and F. virguliforme was obtained, which can facilitate accurate diagnoses and identify coinfections with a single reaction. The assay is compatible with multiple qPCR thermal cycling platforms and will be helpful in providing accurate detection of F. brasiliense. Management of root rot and SDS pathogens in clade 2 of the FSSC is challenging and must be done proactively, because no midseason management strategies currently exist. However, accurate detection can facilitate management decisions for subsequent growing seasons to successfully manage these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell G Roth
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
- Genetics Graduate Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Kjersten A Oudman
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Amanda Griffin
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Janette L Jacobs
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Hyunkyu Sang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Martin I Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
- Genetics Graduate Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
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Nielsen MR, Holzwarth AKR, Brew E, Chrapkova N, Kaniki SEK, Kastaniegaard K, Sørensen T, Westphal KR, Wimmer R, Sondergaard TE, Sørensen JL. A new vector system for targeted integration and overexpression of genes in the crop pathogen Fusarium solani. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2019; 6:25. [PMID: 31890232 PMCID: PMC6905090 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-019-0089-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Besides their ability to produce several interesting bioactive secondary metabolites, members of the Fusarium solani species complex comprise important pathogens of plants and humans. One of the major obstacles in understanding the biology of this species complex is the lack of efficient molecular tools for genetic manipulation. Results To remove this obstacle we here report the development of a reliable system where the vectors are generated through yeast recombinational cloning and inserted into a specific site in F. solani through Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. As proof-of-concept, the enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (eYFP) was inserted in a non-coding genomic position of F. solani and subsequent analyses showed that the resulting transformants were fluorescent on all tested media. In addition, we cloned and overexpressed the Zn(II)2Cys6 transcriptional factor fsr6 controlling mycelial pigmentation. A transformant displayed deep red/purple pigmentation stemming from bostrycoidin and javanicin. Conclusion By creating streamlined plasmid construction and fungal transformation systems, we are now able to express genes in the crop pathogen F. solani in a reliable and fast manner. As a case study, we targeted and activated the fusarubin (PKS3: fsr) gene cluster, which is the first case study of secondary metabolites being directly associated with the responsible gene cluster in F. solani via targeted activation. The system provides an approach that in the future can be used by the community to understand the biochemistry and genetics of the Fusarium solani species complex, and is obtainable from Addgene catalog #133094. Graphic abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Rank Nielsen
- 1Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Niels Bohrs Vej 8, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark
| | | | - Emmett Brew
- 1Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Niels Bohrs Vej 8, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Natalia Chrapkova
- 1Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Niels Bohrs Vej 8, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark
| | | | - Kenneth Kastaniegaard
- 2Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark
| | - Trine Sørensen
- 2Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark
| | - Klaus Ringsborg Westphal
- 2Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark
| | - Reinhard Wimmer
- 2Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark
| | - Teis Esben Sondergaard
- 2Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark
| | - Jens Laurids Sørensen
- 1Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Niels Bohrs Vej 8, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark
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Roth MG, Noel ZA, Wang J, Warner F, Byrne AM, Chilvers MI. Predicting Soybean Yield and Sudden Death Syndrome Development Using At-Planting Risk Factors. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2019; 109:1710-1719. [PMID: 31090498 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-02-19-0040-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the United States, sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybean is caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium virguliforme and is responsible for important yield losses each year. Understanding the risk of SDS development and subsequent yield loss could provide growers with valuable information for management of this challenging disease. Current management strategies for F. virguliforme use partially resistant cultivars, fungicide seed treatments, and extended crop rotations with diverse crops. The aim of this study was to develop models to predict SDS severity and soybean yield loss using at-planting risk factors to integrate with current SDS management strategies. In 2014 and 2015, field studies were conducted in adjacent fields in Decatur, MI, which were intensively monitored for F. virguliforme and nematode quantities at-planting, plant health throughout the growing season, end-of-season SDS severity, and yield using an unbiased grid sampling scheme. In both years, F. virguliforme and soybean cyst nematode (SCN) quantities were unevenly distributed throughout the field. The distribution of F. virguliforme at-planting had a significant correlation with end-of-season SDS severity in 2015, and a significant correlation to yield in 2014 (P < 0.05). SCN distributions at-planting were significantly correlated with end-of-season SDS severity and yield in 2015 (P < 0.05). Prediction models developed through multiple linear regression showed that F. virguliforme abundance (P < 0.001), SCN egg quantity (P < 0.001), and year (P < 0.01) explained the most variation in end-of-season SDS (R2 = 0.32), whereas end-of-season SDS (P < 0.001) and end-of-season root dry weight (P < 0.001) explained the most variation in soybean yield (R2 = 0.53). Further, multivariate analyses support a synergistic relationship between F. virguliforme and SCN, enhancing the severity of foliar SDS. These models indicate that it is possible to predict patches of SDS severity using at-planting risk factors. Verifying these models and incorporating additional data types may help improve SDS management and forecast soybean markets in response to SDS threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell G Roth
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
- Genetics Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Zachary A Noel
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
- Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Fred Warner
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Adam M Byrne
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Martin I Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
- Genetics Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
- Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
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Roth MG, Chilvers MI. A protoplast generation and transformation method for soybean sudden death syndrome causal agents Fusarium virguliforme and F. brasiliense. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2019; 6:7. [PMID: 31123591 PMCID: PMC6518667 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-019-0070-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Soybean production around the globe faces significant annual yield losses due to pests and diseases. One of the most significant causes of soybean yield loss annually in the U.S. is sudden death syndrome (SDS), caused by soil-borne fungi in the Fusarium solani species complex. Two of these species, F. virguliforme and F. brasiliense, have been discovered in the U.S. The genetic mechanisms that these pathogens employ to induce root rot and SDS are largely unknown. Previous methods describing F. virguliforme protoplast generation and transformation have been used to study gene function, but these methods lack important details and controls. In addition, no reports of protoplast generation and genetic transformation have been made for F. brasiliense. Results We developed a new protocol for developing fungal protoplasts in these Fusarium species and test the protoplasts for the ability to take up foreign DNA. We show that wild-type strains of F. virguliforme and F. brasiliense are sensitive to the antibiotics hygromycin and nourseothricin, but strains transformed with resistance genes displayed resistance to these antibiotics. In addition, integration of fluorescent protein reporter genes demonstrates that the foreign DNA is expressed and results in a functional protein, providing fluorescence to both pathogens. Conclusions This protocol provides significant details for reproducibly producing protoplasts and transforming F. virguliforme and F. brasiliense. The protocol can be used to develop high quality protoplasts for further investigations into genetic mechanisms of growth and pathogenicity of F. virguliforme and F. brasiliense. Fluorescent strains developed in this study can be used to investigate temporal colonization and potential host preferences of these species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40694-019-0070-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell G Roth
- 1Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, 1066 Bogue St., East Lansing, 48824 MI USA.,2Genetics Graduate Program, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Rd., East Lansing, 48824 MI USA
| | - Martin I Chilvers
- 1Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, 1066 Bogue St., East Lansing, 48824 MI USA.,2Genetics Graduate Program, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Rd., East Lansing, 48824 MI USA
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