1
|
Köninger J, Ballabio C, Panagos P, Jones A, Schmid MW, Orgiazzi A, Briones MJI. Ecosystem type drives soil eukaryotic diversity and composition in Europe. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:5706-5719. [PMID: 37449367 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Soil eukaryotes play a crucial role in maintaining ecosystem functions and services, yet the factors driving their diversity and distribution remain poorly understood. While many studies focus on some eukaryotic groups (mostly fungi), they are limited in their spatial scale. Here, we analyzed an unprecedented amount of observational data of soil eukaryomes at continental scale (787 sites across Europe) to gain further insights into the impact of a wide range of environmental conditions (climatic and edaphic) on their community composition and structure. We found that the diversity of fungi, protists, rotifers, tardigrades, nematodes, arthropods, and annelids was predominantly shaped by ecosystem type (annual and permanent croplands, managed and unmanaged grasslands, coniferous and broadleaved woodlands), and higher diversity of fungi, protists, nematodes, arthropods, and annelids was observed in croplands than in less intensively managed systems, such as coniferous and broadleaved woodlands. Also in croplands, we found more specialized eukaryotes, while the composition between croplands was more homogeneous compared to the composition of other ecosystems. The observed high proportion of overlapping taxa between ecosystems also indicates that DNA has accumulated from previous land uses, hence mimicking the land transformations occurring in Europe in the last decades. This strong ecosystem-type influence was linked to soil properties, and particularly, soil pH was driving the richness of fungi, rotifers, and annelids, while plant-available phosphorus drove the richness of protists, tardigrades, and nematodes. Furthermore, the soil organic carbon to total nitrogen ratio crucially explained the richness of fungi, protists, nematodes, and arthropods, possibly linked to decades of agricultural inputs. Our results highlighted the importance of long-term environmental variables rather than variables measured at the time of the sampling in shaping soil eukaryotic communities, which reinforces the need to include those variables in addition to ecosystem type in future monitoring programs and conservation efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Köninger
- Departamento de Ecología y Biología Animal, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Panos Panagos
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - Arwyn Jones
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria J I Briones
- Departamento de Ecología y Biología Animal, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Y, Thompson KN, Yan Y, Short MI, Zhang Y, Franzosa EA, Shen J, Hartmann EM, Huttenhower C. RNA-based amplicon sequencing is ineffective in measuring metabolic activity in environmental microbial communities. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:131. [PMID: 37312147 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01449-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Characterization of microbial activity is essential to the understanding of the basic biology of microbial communities, as the function of a microbiome is defined by its biochemically active ("viable") community members. Current sequence-based technologies can rarely differentiate microbial activity, due to their inability to distinguish live and dead sourced DNA. As a result, our understanding of microbial community structures and the potential mechanisms of transmission between humans and our surrounding environments remains incomplete. As a potential solution, 16S rRNA transcript-based amplicon sequencing (16S-RNA-seq) has been proposed as a reliable methodology to characterize the active components of a microbiome, but its efficacy has not been evaluated systematically. Here, we present our work to benchmark RNA-based amplicon sequencing for activity assessment in synthetic and environmentally sourced microbial communities. RESULTS In synthetic mixtures of living and heat-killed Escherichia coli and Streptococcus sanguinis, 16S-RNA-seq successfully reconstructed the active compositions of the communities. However, in the realistic environmental samples, no significant compositional differences were observed in RNA ("actively transcribed - active") vs. DNA ("whole" communities) spiked with E. coli controls, suggesting that this methodology is not appropriate for activity assessment in complex communities. The results were slightly different when validated in environmental samples of similar origins (i.e., from Boston subway systems), where samples were differentiated both by environment type as well as by library type, though compositional dissimilarities between DNA and RNA samples remained low (Bray-Curtis distance median: 0.34-0.49). To improve the interpretation of 16S-RNA-seq results, we compared our results with previous studies and found that 16S-RNA-seq suggests taxon-wise viability trends (i.e., specific taxa are universally more or less likely to be viable compared to others) in samples of similar origins. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of 16S-RNA-seq for viability assessment in synthetic and complex microbial communities. The results found that while 16S-RNA-seq was able to semi-quantify microbial viability in relatively simple communities, it only suggests a taxon-dependent "relative" viability in realistic communities. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Microbiome Analysis Core, Building SPH1, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kelsey N Thompson
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Microbiome Analysis Core, Building SPH1, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Microbiome Analysis Core, Building SPH1, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Meghan I Short
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Microbiome Analysis Core, Building SPH1, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yancong Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Microbiome Analysis Core, Building SPH1, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Eric A Franzosa
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Microbiome Analysis Core, Building SPH1, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jiaxian Shen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Erica M Hartmann
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Microbiome Analysis Core, Building SPH1, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Visagie CM, Boekhout T, Theelen B, Dijksterhuis J, Yilmaz N, Seifert KA. Da Vinci's yeast: Blastobotrys davincii f.a., sp. nov. Yeast 2023; 40:7-31. [PMID: 36168284 PMCID: PMC10108157 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A new species of the yeast genus Blastobotrys was discovered during a worldwide survey of culturable xerophilic fungi in house dust. Several culture-dependent and independent studies from around the world detected the same species from a wide range of substrates including indoor air, cave wall paintings, bats, mummies, and the iconic self-portrait of Leonardo da Vinci from ca 1512. However, none of these studies identified their strains, clones, or OTUs as Blastobotrys. We introduce the new species as Blastobotrys davincii f.a., sp. nov. (holotype CBS H-24879) and delineate it from other species using morphological, phylogenetic, and physiological characters. The new species of asexually (anamorphic) budding yeast is classified in Trichomonascaceae and forms a clade along with its associated sexual state genus Trichomonascus. Despite the decade-old requirement to use a single generic name for fungi, both names are still used. Selection of the preferred name awaits a formal nomenclatural proposal. We present arguments for adopting Blastobotrys over Trichomonascus and introduce four new combinations as Blastobotrys allociferrii (≡ Candida allociferrii), B. fungorum (≡ Sporothrix fungorum), B. mucifer (≡ Candida mucifera), and Blastobotrys vanleenenianus (≡ Trichomonascus vanleenenianus). We provide a nomenclatural review and an accepted species list for the 37 accepted species in the Blastobotrys/Trichomonascus clade. Finally, we discuss the identity of the DNA clones detected on the da Vinci portrait, and the importance of using appropriate media to isolate xerophilic or halophilic fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cobus M Visagie
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Teun Boekhout
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Theelen
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Dijksterhuis
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Neriman Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Keith A Seifert
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ye G, Chen J, Yang P, Hu HW, He ZY, Wang D, Cao D, Zhang W, Wu B, Wu Y, Wei X, Lin Y. Non-native Plant Species Invasion Increases the Importance of Deterministic Processes in Fungal Community Assembly in a Coastal Wetland. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022:10.1007/s00248-022-02144-z. [PMID: 36372840 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02144-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fungal communities are essential to the maintenance of soil multifunctionality. Plant invasion represents a growing challenge for the conservation of soil biodiversity across the globe, but the impact of non-native species invasion on fungal diversity, community structure, and assembly processes remains largely unknown. Here, we examined the diversity, community composition, functional guilds, and assembly process of fungi at three soil depths underneath a native species, three non-native species, and a bare tidal flat from a coastal wetland. Plant species was more important than soil depth in regulating the diversity, community structure, and functional groups of fungi. Non-native species, especially Spartina alterniflora, increased fungal diversity, altered fungal community structure, and increased the relative abundance of saprotrophic and pathogenic fungi in coastal wetland soils. Stochastic processes played a predominant role in driving fungal community assembly, explaining more than 70% of the relative contributions. However, compared to a native species, non-native species, especially S. alterniflora, reduced the relative influence of stochastic processes in fungal community assembly. Collectively, our results provide novel evidence that non-native species can increase fungal diversity, the relative abundance of saprotrophic and pathogenic fungi, and deterministic processes in the assembly of fungi in coastal wetlands, which can expand our knowledge of the dynamics of fungal communities in subtropical coastal wetlands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guiping Ye
- Fujian Key Laboratory On Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Jianming Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory On Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Hang-Wei Hu
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zi-Yang He
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dan Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory On Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Dingding Cao
- Fujian Key Laboratory On Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory On Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Bingyu Wu
- Fujian Key Laboratory On Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Yonghong Wu
- Fujian Key Laboratory On Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Xiangying Wei
- Fujian Key Laboratory On Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
| | - Yongxin Lin
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang W, Diao L, Wang Y, Yang X, Zhang H, Wang J, Luo Y, An S, Cheng X. Responses of soil fungal communities and functional guilds to ~160 years of natural revegetation in the Loess Plateau of China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:967565. [PMID: 36118195 PMCID: PMC9479326 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.967565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural revegetation has been widely confirmed to be an effective strategy for the restoration of degraded lands, particularly in terms of rehabilitating ecosystem productivity and soil nutrients. Yet the mechanisms of how natural revegetation influences the variabilities and drivers of soil residing fungal communities, and its downstream effects on ecosystem nutrient cycling are not well understood. For this study, we investigated changes in soil fungal communities along with ~160 years of natural revegetation in the Loess Plateau of China, employing Illumina MiSeq DNA sequencing analyses. Our results revealed that the soil fungal abundance was greatly enhanced during the later stages of revegetation. As revegetation progresses, soil fungal richness appeared first to rise and then decline at the climax Quercus liaotungensis forest stage. The fungal Shannon and Simpson diversity indexes were the lowest and highest at the climax forest stage among revegetation stages, respectively. Principal component analysis, Bray–Curtis similarity indices, and FUNGuild function prediction suggested that the composition, trophic modes, and functional groups for soil fungal communities gradually shifted along with natural revegetation. Specifically, the relative abundances of Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, and ectomycorrhizal fungi progressively increased, while that of Ascomycota, Sordariomycetes, Dothideomycetes, Tremellomycetes, saprotrophic, pathotrophic, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and endophyte fungi gradually decreased along with natural revegetation, respectively. The most enriched members of Basidiomycota (e.g., Agaricomycetes, Agaricales, Cortinariaceae, Cortinarius, Sebacinales, Sebacinaceae, Tricholomataceae, Tricholoma, Russulales, and Russulaceae) were found at the climax forest stage. As important carbon (C) sources, the most enriched symbiotic fungi (particularly ectomycorrhizal fungi containing more recalcitrant compounds) can promote organic C and nitrogen (N) accumulation in soils of climax forest. However, the most abundant of saprotrophic fungi in the early stages of revegetation decreased soil organic C and N accumulation by expediting the decomposition of soil organic matter. Our results suggest that natural revegetation can effectively restore soil fungal abundance, and modify soil fungal diversity, community composition, trophic modes, and functional groups by altering plant properties (e.g., plant species richness, diversity, evenness, litter quantity and quality), quantity and quality of soil nutrient substrates, soil moisture and pH. These changes in soil fungal communities, particularly their trophic modes and functional groups along with natural revegetation, impact the accumulation and decomposition of soil C and N and potentially affect ecosystem C and N cycling in the Loess Plateau of China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
- *Correspondence: Wen Yang,
| | - Longfei Diao
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xitong Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqi Luo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Shuqing An
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoli Cheng
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Xiaoli Cheng,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cazabonne J, Bartrop L, Dierickx G, Gafforov Y, Hofmann TA, Martin TE, Piepenbring M, Rivas-Ferreiro M, Haelewaters D. Molecular-Based Diversity Studies and Field Surveys Are Not Mutually Exclusive: On the Importance of Integrated Methodologies in Mycological Research. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2022; 3:860777. [PMID: 37746218 PMCID: PMC10512293 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2022.860777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and describing the diversity of living organisms is a great challenge. Fungi have for a long time been, and unfortunately still are, underestimated when it comes to taxonomic research. The foundations were laid by the first mycologists through field observations. These important fundamental works have been and remain vital reference works. Nevertheless, a non-negligible part of the studied funga escaped their attention. Thanks to modern developments in molecular techniques, the study of fungal diversity has been revolutionized in terms of tools and knowledge. Despite a number of disadvantages inherent to these techniques, traditional field-based inventory work has been increasingly superseded and neglected. This perspective aims to demonstrate the central importance of field-based research in fungal diversity studies, and encourages researchers not to be blinded by the sole use of molecular methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Cazabonne
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie de la MRC Abitibi (GREMA), Institut de Recherche sur les Forêts (IRF), Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Amos, QC, Canada
| | | | - Glen Dierickx
- Research Group Mycology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yusufjon Gafforov
- Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Institute (SBiK-F), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tina A. Hofmann
- Centro de Investigaciones Micológicas (CIMi), Herbario UCH, Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí, David, Panama
| | - Thomas E. Martin
- Operation Wallacea Ltd, Wallace House, Old Bolingbroke, United Kingdom
| | - Meike Piepenbring
- Mycology Working Group, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mauro Rivas-Ferreiro
- Population Genetics and Cytogenetics Group, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Danny Haelewaters
- Research Group Mycology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Centro de Investigaciones Micológicas (CIMi), Herbario UCH, Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí, David, Panama
- Operation Wallacea Ltd, Wallace House, Old Bolingbroke, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceské Budějovice, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Leichty SI, Kasanke CP, Bell SL, Hofmockel KS. Site and Bioenergy Cropping System Similarly Affect Distinct Live and Total Soil Microbial Communities. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:725756. [PMID: 34721322 PMCID: PMC8551758 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.725756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioenergy crops are a promising energy alternative to fossil fuels. During bioenergy feedstock production, crop inputs shape the composition of soil microbial communities, which in turn influences nutrient cycling and plant productivity. In addition to cropping inputs, site characteristics (e.g., soil texture, climate) influence bacterial and fungal communities. We explored the response of soil microorganisms to bioenergy cropping system (switchgrass vs. maize) and site (sandy loam vs. silty loam) within two long-term experimental research stations. The live and total microbial community membership was investigated using 16S and ITS amplicon sequencing of soil RNA and DNA. For both nucleic acid types, we expected fungi and prokaryotes to be differentially impacted by crop and site due their dissimilar life strategies. We also expected live communities to be more strongly affected by site and crop than the total communities due to a sensitivity to recent stimuli. Instead, we found that prokaryotic and fungal community composition was primarily driven by site with a secondary crop effect, highlighting the importance of soil texture and fertility in shaping both communities. Specific highly abundant prokaryotic and fungal taxa within live communities were indicative of site and cropping systems, providing insight into treatment-specific, agriculturally relevant microbial taxa that were obscured within total community profiles. Within live prokaryote communities, predatory Myxobacteria spp. were largely indicative of silty and switchgrass communities. Within live fungal communities, Glomeromycota spp. were solely indicative of switchgrass soils, while a few very abundant Mortierellomycota spp. were indicative of silty soils. Site and cropping system had distinct effects on the live and total communities reflecting selection forces of plant inputs and environmental conditions over time. Comparisons between RNA and DNA communities uncovered live members obscured within the total community as well as members of the relic DNA pool. The associations between live communities and relic DNA are a product of the intimate relationship between the ephemeral responses of the live community and the accumulation of DNA within necromass that contributes to soil organic matter, and in turn shapes soil microbial dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah I Leichty
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Christopher P Kasanke
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Sheryl L Bell
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Kirsten S Hofmockel
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States.,Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang W, Bahadur A, Sajjad W, Wu X, Zhang G, Liu G, Chen T. Seasonal Variation in Fungal Community Composition Associated with Tamarix chinensis Roots in the Coastal Saline Soil of Bohai Bay, China. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2021; 82:652-665. [PMID: 33598747 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01680-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coastal salinity typically alters the soil microbial communities, which subsequently affect the biogeochemical cycle of nutrients in the soil. The seasonal variation of the soil fungal communities in the coastal area, closely associated with plant population, is poorly understood. This study provides an insight into the fungal community's variations from autumn to winter and spring to summer at a well-populated area of salt-tolerant Tamarix chinensis and beach. The richness and diversity of fungal community were higher in the spring season and lower in the winter season, as showed by high throughput sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene. Ascomycota was the predominant phylum reported in all samples across the region, and higher difference was reported at order level across the seasonal variations. The redundancy analysis suggested that the abundance and diversity of fungal communities in different seasons are mainly correlated to total organic carbon and total nitrogen. Additionally, the saprotrophic and pathotrophic fungi decreased while symbiotic fungi increased in the autumn season. This study provides a pattern of seasonal variation in fungal community composition that further broadens our limited understanding of how the density of the salt-tolerant T. chinensis population of the coastal saline soil could respond to their seasonal variations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Ali Bahadur
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wasim Sajjad
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiukun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Gaosen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Guangxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.
| | - Tuo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fungi in Permafrost-Affected Soils of the Canadian Arctic: Horizon- and Site-Specific Keystone Taxa Revealed by Co-Occurrence Network. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091943. [PMID: 34576837 PMCID: PMC8466989 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Permafrost-affected soil stores a significant amount of organic carbon. Identifying the biological constraints of soil organic matter transformation, e.g., the interaction of major soil microbial soil organic matter decomposers, is crucial for predicting carbon vulnerability in permafrost-affected soil. Fungi are important players in the decomposition of soil organic matter and often interact in various mutualistic relationships during this process. We investigated four different soil horizon types (including specific horizons of cryoturbated soil organic matter (cryoOM)) across different types of permafrost-affected soil in the Western Canadian Arctic, determined the composition of fungal communities by sequencing (Illumina MPS) the fungal internal transcribed spacer region, assigned fungal lifestyles, and by determining the co-occurrence of fungal network properties, identified the topological role of keystone fungal taxa. Compositional analysis revealed a significantly higher relative proportion of the litter saprotroph Lachnum and root-associated saprotroph Phialocephala in the topsoil and the ectomycorrhizal close-contact exploring Russula in cryoOM, whereas Sites 1 and 2 had a significantly higher mean proportion of plant pathogens and lichenized trophic modes. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed the lowest modularity and average path length, and highest clustering coefficient in cryoOM, which suggested a lower network resistance to environmental perturbation. Zi-Pi plot analysis suggested that some keystone taxa changed their role from generalist to specialist, depending on the specific horizon concerned, Cladophialophora in topsoil, saprotrophic Mortierella in cryoOM, and Penicillium in subsoil were classified as generalists for the respective horizons but specialists elsewhere. The litter saprotrophic taxon Cadophora finlandica played a role as a generalist in Site 1 and specialist in the rest of the sites. Overall, these results suggested that fungal communities within cryoOM were more susceptible to environmental change and some taxa may shift their role, which may lead to changes in carbon storage in permafrost-affected soil.
Collapse
|
10
|
Huang M, Chai L, Jiang D, Zhang M, Jia W, Huang Y. Spatial Patterns of Soil Fungal Communities Are Driven by Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) Quality in Semi-Arid Regions. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2021; 82:202-214. [PMID: 32322922 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01509-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Soil fungi are ecologically important as decomposers, pathogens, and symbionts in nature. Understanding their biogeographic patterns and driving forces is pivotal to predict alterations arising from environmental changes in ecosystem. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is an essential resource for soil fungi; however, the role of its quality in structuring fungal community patterns remains elusive. Here using Illumina MiSeq sequencing, we characterized total fungi and their functional groups in 45 soil samples collected from a 1500-km sampling transect through semi-arid regions in northern China, which are currently suffering great pressure from climate change. Total fungi and their functional groups were all observed to exhibit significant biogeographic patterns which were primarily driven by environmental variables. DOM quality was the best and consistent predictor of diversity of both total fungi and functional groups. Specifically, plant-derived DOM was associated with greater diversity relative to microbe-dominated origins. In addition, fungal diversity linearly increased with increases in degree of humification in DOM. Similarly, among all measured environmental variables, DOM quality had the strongest effects on the community composition of total fungi and functional groups. Together, our work contributes to the factors underlying fungal biogeographic patterns and adds detail to the importance of DOM quality in structuring fungal communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muke Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwei Chai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Dalin Jiang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Mengjun Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqian Jia
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Runte GC, Smith AH, Moeller HV, Bogar LM. Spheres of Influence: Host Tree Proximity and Soil Chemistry Shape rRNA, but Not DNA, Communities of Symbiotic and Free-Living Soil Fungi in a Mixed Hardwood-Conifer Forest. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.641732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Host and symbiont diversity are inextricably linked across partnerships and ecosystems, with degree of partner reliance governing the strength of this correlation. In many forest soils, symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungi coexist and compete with free-living saprotrophic fungi, with the outcomes of these interactions shaping resource availability and competitive outcomes for the trees aboveground. Traditional approaches to characterizing these communities rely on DNA sequencing of a ribosomal precursor RNA gene (the internal transcribed spacer region), but directly sequencing the precursor rRNA may provide a more functionally relevant perspective on the potentially active fungal communities. Here, we map ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic soil fungal communities through a mixed hardwood-conifer forest to assess how above- and belowground diversity linkages compare across these differently adapted guilds. Using highly spatially resolved transects (sampled every 2 m) and well-mapped stands of varying host tree diversity, we sought to understand the relative influence of symbiosis versus environment in predicting fungal diversity measures. Canopy species in this forest included two oaks (Quercus agrifolia and Quercus douglasii) and one pine (Pinus sabiniana). At the scale of our study, spatial turnover in rRNA-based communities was much more predictable from measurable environmental attributes than DNA-based communities. And while turnover of ectomycorrhizal fungi and saprotrophs were predictable by the presence and abundance of different canopy species, they both responded strongly to soil nutrient characteristics, namely pH and nitrogen availability, highlighting the niche overlap of these coexisting guilds and the strong influence of aboveground plants on belowground fungal communities.
Collapse
|
12
|
Pusz W, Urbaniak J. Airborne fungi in Longyearbyen area (Svalbard, Norway) - case study. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:290. [PMID: 33890180 PMCID: PMC8062393 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09090-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Studies on the presence of atmospheric fungi in both Arctic and Antarctic polar areas are rare, and many of them were carried out briefly. Currently, when climate change is a fact, polar areas may be subject to various changes and fluctuations, negatively affecting sensitive polar ecosystems. The paper presents the results of tests on presence of fungi in the air over 30 years after the last investigations at the Svalbard Archipelago. A total of fifteen taxa of fungi were isolated in area of Longyearbyen, the majority of which were saprotrophic fungi of the genus Cladosporium that are associated with dead organic matter. Therefore, the presence of this taxon may be a good bioindicator of changes occurring in the Arctic environment, indirectly indicating the melting of glaciers and exposing increasingly larger areas inhabited by microorganisms, including fungi, which increase in number in the air. Additionally, the number of tourists visiting Longyearbyen is increasing, which may significantly affect the number and type of fungi in the air.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Pusz
- Department of Plant Protection, Division of Plant Pathology and Mycology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki Sq. 24a, 50-363, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Jacek Urbaniak
- Department of Botany and Plant Ecology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki Sq. 24a, 50-363, Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Arraiano-Castilho R, Bidartondo MI, Niskanen T, Clarkson JJ, Brunner I, Zimmermann S, Senn-Irlet B, Frey B, Peintner U, Mrak T, Suz LM. Habitat specialisation controls ectomycorrhizal fungi above the treeline in the European Alps. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:2901-2916. [PMID: 33107606 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Alpine habitats are one of the most vulnerable ecosystems to environmental change, however, little information is known about the drivers of plant-fungal interactions in these ecosystems and their resilience to climate change. We investigated the influence of the main drivers of ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungal communities along elevation and environmental gradients in the alpine zone of the European Alps and measured their degree of specialisation using network analysis. We sampled ectomycorrhizas of Dryas octopetala, Bistorta vivipara and Salix herbacea, and soil fungal communities at 28 locations across five countries, from the treeline to the nival zone. We found that: (1) EM fungal community composition, but not richness, changes along elevation, (2) there is no strong evidence of host specialisation, however, EM fungal networks in the alpine zone and within these, EM fungi associated with snowbed communities, are more specialised than in other alpine habitats, (3) plant host population structure does not influence EM fungal communities, and (4) most variability in EM fungal communities is explained by fine-scale changes in edaphic properties, like soil pH and total nitrogen. The higher specialisation and narrower ecological niches of these plant-fungal interactions in snowbed habitats make these habitats particularly vulnerable to environmental change in alpine ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Arraiano-Castilho
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3DS, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Martin I Bidartondo
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3DS, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Tuula Niskanen
- Identification and Naming, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3DS, UK
| | - James J Clarkson
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3DS, UK
| | - Ivano Brunner
- Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Zimmermann
- Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Senn-Irlet
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Beat Frey
- Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Peintner
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25d, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Tanja Mrak
- Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Laura M Suz
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3DS, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Metabarcoding on both environmental DNA and RNA highlights differences between fungal communities sampled in different habitats. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244682. [PMID: 33378355 PMCID: PMC7773206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, metabarcoding has become a key tool to describe microbial communities from natural and artificial environments. Thanks to its high throughput nature, metabarcoding efficiently explores microbial biodiversity under different conditions. It can be performed on environmental (e)DNA to describe so-called total microbial community, or from environmental (e)RNA to describe active microbial community. As opposed to total microbial communities, active ones exclude dead or dormant organisms. For what concerns Fungi, which are mostly filamentous microorganisms, the relationship between DNA-based (total) and RNA-based (active) communities is unclear. In the present study, we evaluated the consequences of performing metabarcoding on both soil and wood-extracted eDNA and eRNA to delineate molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) and differentiate fungal communities according to the environment they originate from. DNA and RNA-based communities differed not only in their taxonomic composition, but also in the relative abundances of several functional guilds. From a taxonomic perspective, we showed that several higher taxa are globally more represented in either “active” or “total” microbial communities. We also observed that delineation of MOTUs based on their co-occurrence among DNA and RNA sequences highlighted differences between the studied habitats that were overlooked when all MOTUs were considered, including those identified exclusively by eDNA sequences. We conclude that metabarcoding on eRNA provides original functional information on the specific roles of several taxonomic or functional groups that would not have been revealed using eDNA alone.
Collapse
|
15
|
Arraiano-Castilho R, Bidartondo M, Niskanen T, Zimmermann S, Frey B, Brunner I, Senn-Irlet B, Hörandl E, Gramlich S, Suz L. Plant-fungal interactions in hybrid zones: Ectomycorrhizal communities of willows (Salix) in an alpine glacier forefield. FUNGAL ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2020.100936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
16
|
Dai T, Zhao Y, Ning D, Huang B, Mu Q, Yang Y, Wen D. Dynamics of coastal bacterial community average ribosomal RNA operon copy number reflect its response and sensitivity to ammonium and phosphate. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 260:113971. [PMID: 31972418 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.113971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The nutrient-rich effluent from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) constitutes a significant disturbance to coastal microbial communities, which in turn affect ecosystem functioning. However, little is known about how such disturbance could affect the community's stability, an important knowledge gap for predicting community response to future disturbances. Here, we examined dynamics of coastal sediment microbial communities with and without a history of WWTP's disturbances (named H1 and H0 hereafter) after simulated nutrient input loading at the low level (5 mg L-1 NH4+-N and 0.5 mg L-1 PO43--P) or high level (50 mg L-1 NH4+-N and 5.0 mg L-1 PO43--P) for 28 days. H0 community was highly sensitive to both low and high nutrient loading, showing a faster community turnover than H1 community. In contrast, H1 community was more efficient in nutrient removal. To explain it, we found that H1 community constituted more abundant and diversified r-strategists, known to be copiotrophic and fast in growth and reproduction, than H0 community. As nutrient was gradually consumed, both communities showed a succession of decreasing r-strategists. Accordingly, there was a decrease in community average ribosomal RNA operon (rrn) copy number, a recently established functional trait of r-strategists. Remarkably, the average rrn copy number of H0 communities was strongly correlated with NH4+-N (R2 = 0.515, P = 0.009 for low nutrient loading; R2 = 0.749, P = 0.001 for high nutrient loading) and PO43--P (R2 = 0.378, P = 0.034 for low nutrient loading; R2 = 0.772, P = 0.001 for high nutrient loading) concentrations, while that of H1 communities was only correlated with NH4+-N at high nutrient loading (R2 = 0.864, P = 0.001). Our results reveal the potential of using rrn copy number to evaluate the community sensitivity to nutrient disturbances, but community's historical contingency need to be taken in account.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Dai
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Daliang Ning
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, And School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA; Consolidated Core Laboratory, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Bei Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Zhoushan Marine Ecological Environmental Monitoring Station, Zhoushan, 316021, China
| | - Qinglin Mu
- Zhejiang Provincial Zhoushan Marine Ecological Environmental Monitoring Station, Zhoushan, 316021, China
| | - Yunfeng Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Donghui Wen
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang W, Zhang D, Cai X, Xia L, Luo Y, Cheng X, An S. Significant alterations in soil fungal communities along a chronosequence of Spartina alterniflora invasion in a Chinese Yellow Sea coastal wetland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 693:133548. [PMID: 31369894 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plant invasion typically alters the microbial communities of soils, which affects ecosystem carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles. The responses of the soil fungal communities to plant invasion along its chronosequence remain poorly understood. For this study, we investigated variations in soil fungal communities through Illumina MiSeq sequencing analyses of the fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), along a chronosequence (i.e., 9-, 13-, 20- and 23-year-old) of invasive Spartina alterniflora. We compared these variations with those of bare flat in a Chinese Yellow Sea coastal wetland. Our results highlighted that the abundance of soil fungi, the number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs), species richness, and Shannon diversity indices for soil fungal communities were highest in 9-year-old S. alterniflora soil, which gradually declined along the invasion chronosequence. The relative abundance of copiotrophic Basidiomycota revealed significant decreasing trend, while the relative abundance of oligotrophic Ascomycota gradually increased along the S. alterniflora invasion chronosequence. The relative abundance of soil saprotrophic fungi (e.g., undefined saprotrophs) was gradually reduced while symbiotic fungi (e.g., ectomycorrhizal fungi) and pathotrophic fungi (e.g., plant and animal pathogens) progressively increased along the S. alterniflora invasion chronosequence. Our results suggested that S. alterniflora invasion significantly altered soil fungal abundance and diversity, community composition, trophic modes, and functional groups along a chronosequence, via substantially reduced soil litter inputs, and gradually decreased soil pH, moisture, and soil nutrient substrates along the invasion chronosequence, from 9 to 23 years. These changes in soil fungal communities, particularly their trophic modes and functional groups along the S. alterniflora invasion chronosequence could well impact the decomposition and accumulation of soil C and N, while potentially altering ecosystem C and N sinks in a Chinese Yellow Sea coastal wetland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, PR China.
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, PR China
| | - Xinwen Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, PR China
| | - Lu Xia
- School of Life Science and Institute of Wetland Ecology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yiqi Luo
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society (Ecoss), Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Xiaoli Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Shuqing An
- School of Life Science and Institute of Wetland Ecology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Johansen R, Albright M, Gallegos-Graves LV, Lopez D, Runde A, Yoshida T, Dunbar J. Tracking Replicate Divergence in Microbial Community Composition and Function in Experimental Microcosms. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2019; 78:1035-1039. [PMID: 30941446 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-019-01368-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The study of microbial community functions necessitates replicating microbial communities. Variation in community development over time renders this an imperfect process. Thus, anticipating the likely degree of variation among replicate communities may aid in experimental design. We examined divergence in replicate community composition and function among 128 naturally assembled starting communities obtained from soils, each replicated three times, following a 30-day microcosm incubation period. Bacterial and fungal communities diverged in both composition and function among replicates, but remained much more similar to each other than to communities from different starting inocula. Variation in bacterial community composition among replicates was, however, correlated with variation in dissolved organic carbon production. A smaller-scale experiment testing nine starting communities showed that divergence was similar whether replicates were incubated on sterile or non-sterile pine litter, suggesting the impact of a pre-existing community on replicate divergence is minor. However, replicates in this experiment which were incubated for 114 days diverged more than those incubated for 30 days, suggesting experiments that run over long time periods will likely see greater variation among replicate community composition. These results suggest that while replicates diverge at a community level, such divergence is unlikely to severely impede the study of community function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renee Johansen
- Biosciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mailstop M888, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.
| | - Michaeline Albright
- Biosciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mailstop M888, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | | | - Deanna Lopez
- Biosciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mailstop M888, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Andreas Runde
- Biosciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mailstop M888, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Thomas Yoshida
- Chemical Diagnostics and Engineering, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mailstop K484, Los Alamos, NM, 87544, USA
| | - John Dunbar
- Biosciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mailstop M888, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nawaz A, Purahong W, Herrmann M, Küsel K, Buscot F, Wubet T. DNA- and RNA- Derived Fungal Communities in Subsurface Aquifers Only Partly Overlap but React Similarly to Environmental Factors. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7090341. [PMID: 31514383 PMCID: PMC6780912 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7090341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies have revolutionized our understanding of microbial diversity and composition in relation to their environment. HTS-based characterization of metabolically active (RNA-derived) and total (DNA-derived) fungal communities in different terrestrial habitats has revealed profound differences in both richness and community compositions. However, such DNA- and RNA-based HTS comparisons are widely missing for fungal communities of groundwater aquifers in the terrestrial biogeosphere. Therefore, in this study, we extracted DNA and RNA from groundwater samples of two pristine aquifers in the Hainich CZE and employed paired-end Illumina sequencing of the fungal nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region to comprehensively test difference/similarities in the “total” and “active” fungal communities. We found no significant differences in the species richness between the DNA- and RNA-derived fungal communities, but the relative abundances of various fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) appeared to differ. We also found the same set of environmental parameters to shape the “total” and “active” fungal communities in the targeted aquifers. Furthermore, our comparison also underlined that about 30%–40% of the fungal OTUs were only detected in RNA-derived communities. This implies that the active fungal communities analyzed by HTS methods in the subsurface aquifers are actually not a subset of supposedly total fungal communities. In general, our study highlights the importance of differentiating the potential (DNA-derived) and expressed (RNA-derived) members of the fungal communities in aquatic ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nawaz
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Department of Soil Ecology, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Department of Community Ecology, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
- Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Witoon Purahong
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Department of Soil Ecology, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Martina Herrmann
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 159, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Kirsten Küsel
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 159, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - François Buscot
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Department of Soil Ecology, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Tesfaye Wubet
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Department of Soil Ecology, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Department of Community Ecology, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|