1
|
Gu G, Hou X, Xue M, Pan X, Dong J, Yang Y, Amuzu P, Xu D, Lai D, Zhou L. Diphenyl ethers from endophytic fungus Rhexocercosporidium sp. Dzf14 and their antibacterial activity by affecting homeostasis of cell membranes. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:2658-2667. [PMID: 38284314 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytopathogenic bacteria cause severe losses to crops every year. The management of crop bacterial diseases with chemical agents has been considered as the main strategy. In order to cope with the bactericide resistance made by the pathogens, new antibacterials need to be continuously developed. RESULTS A chemical investigation from the endophytic fungus Rhexocercosporidium sp. Dzf14 has led to the isolation of 12 diphenyl ethers including two new ones named rhexocerin E (1) and rhexocercosporin G (2), along with two new depsides named rhexocerdepsides A (3) and B (4). The structures and absolute configurations of the new compounds were determined through comprehensive analysis of spectroscopic data and quantum chemical ECD calculations. Diphenyl ethers showed obviously antibacterial activity on Gram-positive bacteria. The structure-activity relationship of diphenyl ethers revealed that prenylation was critical to the antibacterial activity. Among them, rhexocercosporin D (12) possessed the strongest activity against Clavibacter michiganensis and Bacillus subtilis, and was selected for further mechanistic studies. It was found that rhexocercosporin D displayed bactericidal activity by affecting homeostasis of cell membranes. In addition to its rapid bactericidal effects on Gram-positive bacteria, rhexocercosporin D could restore the susceptibility against Gram-negative Agrobacterium tumefaciens by synergistic action with colistin. CONCLUSION Twelve diphenyl ethers and two depsides were isolated from endophytic fungus Rhexocercosporidium sp. Dzf14. Isopentenyl was critical for diphenyl ethers against Gram-positive bacteria. Rhexocercosporin D could affect homeostasis of bacterial cell membrane to exert rapid bactericidal activity. These findings highlight the antibacterial potential of the diphenyl ethers in crop bacterial disease management. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gan Gu
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuwen Hou
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyao Xue
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Pan
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yonglin Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Prosper Amuzu
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Daowan Lai
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ligang Zhou
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Peslalz P, Grieshober M, Kraus F, Bleisch A, Izzo F, Lichtenstein D, Hammer H, Vorbach A, Momoi K, Zanger UM, Brötz-Oesterhelt H, Braeuning A, Plietker B, Stenger S. Unnatural Endotype B PPAPs as Novel Compounds with Activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Med Chem 2023; 66:15073-15083. [PMID: 37822271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Pre-SARS-CoV-2, tuberculosis was the leading cause of death by a single pathogen. Repetitive exposure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) supported the development of multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant strains, demanding novel drugs. Hyperforin, a natural type A polyprenylated polycyclic acylphloroglucinol from St. John's wort, exhibits antidepressant and antibacterial effects also against Mtb. Yet, Hyperforin's instability limits the utility in clinical practice. Here, we present photo- and bench-stable type B PPAPs with enhanced antimycobacterial efficacy. PPAP22 emerged as a lead compound, further improved as the sodium salt PPAP53, drastically enhancing solubility. PPAP53 inhibits the growth of virulent extracellular and intracellular Mtb without harming primary human macrophages. Importantly, PPAP53 is active against drug-resistant strains of Mtb. Furthermore, we analyzed the in vitro properties of PPAP53 in terms of CYP induction and the PXR interaction. Taken together, we introduce type PPAPs as a new class of antimycobacterial compounds, with remarkable antibacterial activity and favorable biophysical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Peslalz
- Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University Dresden, Bergstr. 66, Dresden01069 ,Germany
| | - Mark Grieshober
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm D-89081, Germany
| | - Frank Kraus
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart,Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Anton Bleisch
- Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University Dresden, Bergstr. 66, Dresden01069 ,Germany
| | - Flavia Izzo
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart,Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Dajana Lichtenstein
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, Berlin 10589, Germany
| | - Helen Hammer
- SIGNATOPE GmbH, Markwiesenstr. 55, Reutlingen 72770, Germany
| | - Andreas Vorbach
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Kyoko Momoi
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Auerbachstr. 112, University of Tübingen, 70376 Stuttgart, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Ulrich M Zanger
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Auerbachstr. 112, University of Tübingen, 70376 Stuttgart, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Heike Brötz-Oesterhelt
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, Berlin 10589, Germany
| | - Bernd Plietker
- Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University Dresden, Bergstr. 66, Dresden01069 ,Germany
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart,Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Steffen Stenger
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm D-89081, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Qin G, Zhang Q, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Zhu J, Yang Y, Peijnenburg WJGM, Qian H. Understanding the ecological effects of the fungicide difenoconazole on soil and Enchytraeus crypticus gut microbiome. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 326:121518. [PMID: 36990340 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Increasing knowledge of the impacts of pesticides on soil ecological communities is fundamental to a comprehensive understanding of the functional changes in the global agroecosystem industry. In this study, we examined microbial community shifts in the gut of the soil-dwelling organism Enchytraeus crypticus and functional shifts in the soil microbiome (bacteria and viruses) after 21 d of exposure to difenoconazole, one of the main fungicides in intensified agriculture. Our results demonstrated reduced body weight and increased oxidative stress levels of E. crypticus under difenoconazole treatment. Meanwhile, difenoconazole not only altered the composition and structure of the gut microbial community, but also interfered with the soil-soil fauna microecology stability by impairing the abundance of beneficial bacteria. Using soil metagenomics, we revealed that bacterial genes encoding detoxification and viruses encoding carbon cycle genes exhibited a dependent enrichment in the toxicity of pesticides via metabolism. Taken together, these findings advance the understanding of the ecotoxicological impact of residual difenoconazole on the soil-soil fauna micro-ecology, and the ecological importance of virus-encoded auxiliary metabolic genes under pesticide stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoyan Qin
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, PR China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, PR China
| | - Ziyao Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, PR China
| | - Yiling Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jichao Zhu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, PR China
| | - Yaohui Yang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, PR China
| | - W J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden, RA 2300, Netherlands; National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Safety of Substances and Products, P.O. Box 1, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Haifeng Qian
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Remodeling of the Enterococcal Cell Envelope during Surface Penetration Promotes Intrinsic Resistance to Stress. mBio 2022; 13:e0229422. [PMID: 36354750 PMCID: PMC9765498 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02294-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is a normal commensal of the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT). However, upon disruption of gut homeostasis, this nonmotile bacterium can egress from its natural niche and spread to distal organs. While this translocation process can lead to life-threatening systemic infections, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Our prior work showed that E. faecalis migration across diverse surfaces requires the formation of matrix-covered multicellular aggregates and the synthesis of exopolysaccharides, but how enterococcal cells are reprogrammed during this process is unknown. Whether surface penetration endows E. faecalis with adaptive advantages is also uncertain. Here, we report that surface penetration promotes the generation of a metabolically and phenotypically distinct E. faecalis population with an enhanced capacity to endure various forms of extracellular stress. Surface-invading enterococci demonstrated major ultrastructural alterations in their cell envelope characterized by increased membrane glycolipid content. These changes were accompanied by marked induction of specific transcriptional programs enhancing cell envelope biogenesis and glycolipid metabolism. Notably, the surface-invading population demonstrated superior tolerance to membrane-damaging antimicrobials, including daptomycin and β-defensins produced by epithelial cells. Genetic mutations impairing glycolipid biosynthesis sensitized E. faecalis to envelope stressors and reduced the ability of this bacterium to penetrate semisolid surfaces and translocate through human intestinal epithelial cell monolayers. Our study reveals that surface penetration induces distinct transcriptional, metabolic, and ultrastructural changes that equip E. faecalis with enhanced capacity to resist external stressors and thrive in its surrounding environment. IMPORTANCE Enterococcus faecalis inhabits the GIT of multiple organisms, where its establishment could be mediated by the formation of biofilm-like aggregates. In susceptible individuals, this bacterium can overgrow and breach intestinal barriers, a process that may lead to lethal systemic infections. While the formation of multicellular aggregates promotes E. faecalis migration across surfaces, little is known about the metabolic and physiological states of the enterococci encased in these surface-penetrating structures. The present study reveals that E. faecalis cells capable of migrating through semisolid surfaces genetically reprogram their metabolism toward increased cell envelope and glycolipid biogenesis, which confers superior tolerance to membrane-damaging agents. E. faecalis's success as a pathobiont depends on its antimicrobial resistance, as well as on its rapid adaptability to overcome multiple environmental challenges. Thus, targeting adaptive genetic and/or metabolic pathways induced during E. faecalis surface penetration may be useful to better confront infections by this bacterium in the clinic.
Collapse
|
5
|
Systems Biology: New Insight into Antibiotic Resistance. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122362. [PMID: 36557614 PMCID: PMC9781975 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as an important threat to public health, resulting from the global propagation of multidrug-resistant strains of various bacterial species. Knowledge of the intrinsic factors leading to this resistance is necessary to overcome these new strains. This has contributed to the increased use of omics technologies and their extrapolation to the system level. Understanding the mechanisms involved in antimicrobial resistance acquired by microorganisms at the system level is essential to obtain answers and explore options to combat this resistance. Therefore, the use of robust whole-genome sequencing approaches and other omics techniques such as transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics provide fundamental insights into the physiology of antimicrobial resistance. To improve the efficiency of data obtained through omics approaches, and thus gain a predictive understanding of bacterial responses to antibiotics, the integration of mathematical models with genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) is essential. In this context, here we outline recent efforts that have demonstrated that the use of omics technology and systems biology, as quantitative and robust hypothesis-generating frameworks, can improve the understanding of antibiotic resistance, and it is hoped that this emerging field can provide support for these new efforts.
Collapse
|
6
|
Zheng D, Chen Y, Wan S, Jiang J, Chen S, Zheng C, Zhou H, Xu G, Zhang H, Xu H. Polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol congeners from Garcinia yunnanensis Hu with inhibitory effect on α-hemolysin production in Staphylococcus aureus. Bioorg Chem 2021; 114:105074. [PMID: 34174629 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
α-Hemolysin (Hla) is an extracellular protein secreted by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains that plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary, intraperitoneal, intramammary, and corneal infections, rendering Hla a potential therapeutic target. In this study, 10 unreported polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol (PPAP) derivatives, garciyunnanins C-L (1-10), with diverse skeletons, were isolated from Garcinia yunnanensis Hu. The structures of these new compounds were determined by HRMS, NMR, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and biomimetic transformation. Garciyunnanins C and D (1 and 2) were found to be potent Hla inhibitors in the anti-virulence efficacy evaluation against MRSA strain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yuyu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shijie Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiaming Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Simin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Changwu Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Gang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Hongxi Xu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Rhodomyrtone (Rom) is a plant-derived broad-spectrum antibiotic active against many Gram-positive pathogens. A single point mutation in the regulatory farR gene (farR*) confers resistance to Rom in Staphylococcus aureus (RomR). The mutation in farR* alters the activity of the regulator, FarR*, in such a way that not only its own gene, farR*, but also the divergently transcribed farE gene and genes controlled by the global regulator, agr, are highly upregulated. Here, we show that mainly the upregulation of the fatty acid efflux pump FarE causes the RomR phenotype, as farE deletion in either the parent or the RomR strain (RomR ΔfarE) yielded hypersensitivity to Rom. Comparative lipidome analysis of the supernatant (exolipidomics) and the pellet fraction revealed that the RomR strain excreted about 10 times more phospholipids (PGs) than the parent strain or the ΔfarE mutants. Since the PG content in the supernatant (2,244 ng/optical density [OD]) was more than 100-fold higher than that of fatty acids (FA), we assumed that PG interacts with Rom, thereby abrogating its antimicrobial activity. Indeed, by static and dynamic light scattering (SLS and DLS) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) analyses, we could demonstrate that both PG and Rom were vesicular and reacted with each other in milliseconds to form a 1:1.49 [Rom-PG(32:0), where PG(32:0) is PG with C32:0 lipids] complex. The binding is entropically driven and hence hydrophobic and of low specificity in nature. Our results indicate that the cytoplasmic membrane is the actual target of Rom, which is also in agreement with Rom's induced rapid collapse of the membrane potential and decreased membrane integrity. IMPORTANCE Antibiotic resistance is a growing public health problem, and alternative antibiotics are urgently needed. Rhodomyrtone (Rom), an antimicrobial compound originally isolated from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, is active against multidrug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens. However, Rom-resistant (RomR) mutants occur with low frequency. In this study, we unraveled the underlying resistance mechanism, which is based on a point mutation in the farR regulator gene, causing overexpression of FarE, which most likely acts as a phospholipid (PG) efflux pump, as large amounts of PG were found in the supernatant and the pellet fraction. We show that PG can bind to Rom, thereby abrogating its antimicrobial activity. The direct interaction of Rom with PG suggests that Rom's actual target is the cytoplasmic membrane. Antibiotics that interact with PG are rare. Since Rom can be chemically synthesized, it serves as a lead compound for synthesis of improved variants.
Collapse
|
8
|
Scott C, Arora G, Dickson K, Lehmann C. Iron Chelation in Local Infection. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26010189. [PMID: 33401708 PMCID: PMC7794793 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential element in multiple biochemical pathways in humans and pathogens. As part of the innate immune response in local infection, iron availability is restricted locally in order to reduce overproduction of reactive oxygen species by the host and to attenuate bacterial growth. This physiological regulation represents the rationale for the therapeutic use of iron chelators to support induced iron deprivation and to treat infections. In this review paper we discuss the importance of iron regulation through examples of local infection and the potential of iron chelation in treating infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cassidy Scott
- Department of Anesthesia Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H4H7, Canada; (G.A.); (K.D.); (C.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H4H7, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(902)-494-1287
| | - Gaurav Arora
- Department of Anesthesia Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H4H7, Canada; (G.A.); (K.D.); (C.L.)
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H4R2, Canada
| | - Kayle Dickson
- Department of Anesthesia Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H4H7, Canada; (G.A.); (K.D.); (C.L.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H4H7, Canada
| | - Christian Lehmann
- Department of Anesthesia Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H4H7, Canada; (G.A.); (K.D.); (C.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H4H7, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H4R2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shen F, Ge C, Yuan P. Metabolomics Study Reveals Inhibition and Metabolic Dysregulation in Staphylococcus aureus Planktonic Cells and Biofilms Induced by Carnosol. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:538572. [PMID: 33072009 PMCID: PMC7530940 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.538572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a global health threat accompanied by increasing in drug resistance. To combat this challenge, there is an urgent need to find alternative antimicrobial agents against S. aureus. This study investigated the antimicrobial efficacy of carnosol against S. aureus using an in vitro model. The effects of carnosol were determined based on the antimicrobial effects or formation and disruption of biofilms. Finally, metabolomics of S. aureus grown as planktonic cells and biofilms with carnosol treatment were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of carnosol were 32 to 256 μg/mL against the sixteen tested S. aureus strains. Among the biofilms, we observed a reduction in bacterial motility of the S. aureus, biofilm development and preformed biofilm after carnosol treatment. Moreover, the significantly altered metabolic pathways upon carnosol treatment in S. aureus planktonic cells and biofilms were highly associated with the perturbation of glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. In addition, glutathione metabolism, D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism were significantly changed in the biofilms. This study establishes the antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of carnosol, and will provide an alternative strategy for overcoming the drug resistance of S. aureus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengge Shen
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chunpo Ge
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Peng Yuan
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kitichalermkiat A, Katsuki M, Sato J, Sonoda T, Masuda Y, Honjoh KI, Miyamoto T. Effect of epigallocatechin gallate on gene expression of Staphylococcus aureus. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2020; 22:854-859. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
|
11
|
Bicyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols and their derivatives: structural modification, structure-activity relationship, biological activity and mechanism of action. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 205:112646. [PMID: 32791400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bicyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (BPAPs), the principal bioactive benzophenone products isolated from plants of genera Garcinia and Hypericum, have attracted noticeable attention from the synthetic and biological communities due to their fascinating chemical structures and promising biological activities. However, the potential drug interaction, undesired physiochemical properties and toxicity have limited their potential use and development. In the last decade, pharmaceutical research on the structural modifications, structure-activity relationships (SARs) and mechanisms of action of BPAPs has been greatly developed to overcome the challenges. A comprehensive review of these scientific literature is extremely needed to give an overview of the rapidly emerging area and facilitate research related to BPAPs. This review, containing over 226 references, covers the progress made in the chemical synthesis-based structure modifications, SARs and the mechanism of action of BPAPs in vivo and vitro. The most relevant articles will focus on the discovery of lead compounds via synthetic modifications and the important BPAPs for which the direct targets have been deciphered. From this review, several key points of the SARs and mode of actions of this novel class of compounds have been summarized. The perspective and future direction of the research on BPAPs are concluded. This review would be helpful to get a better grasp of medicinal research of BPAPs and become a compelling guide for chemists dedicated to the synthesis of these compounds.
Collapse
|
12
|
Wu SC, Yang ZQ, Liu F, Peng WJ, Qu SQ, Li Q, Song XB, Zhu K, Shen JZ. Antibacterial Effect and Mode of Action of Flavonoids From Licorice Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2489. [PMID: 31749783 PMCID: PMC6848462 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterial pathogen that causes food poisoning, various infections, and sepsis. Effective strategies and new drugs are needed to control S. aureus associated infections due to the emergence and rapid dissemination of antibiotic resistance. In the present study, the antibacterial activity, potential mode of action, and applications of flavonoids from licorice were investigated. Here, we showed that glabrol, licochalcone A, licochalcone C, and licochalcone E displayed high efficiency against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Glabrol, licochalcone A, licochalcone C, and licochalcone E exhibited low cytotoxicity without hemolytic activity based on safety evaluation. Glabrol displayed rapid bactericidal activity with low levels of resistance development in vitro. Meanwhile, glabrol rapidly increased bacterial membrane permeability and dissipated the proton move force. Furthermore, we found that peptidoglycan, phosphatidylglycerol, and cardiolipin inhibited the antibacterial activity of glabrol. Molecular docking showed that glabrol binds to phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin through the formation of hydrogen bonds. Lastly, glabrol showed antibacterial activity against MRSA in both in vivo and in vitro models. Altogether, these results suggest that glabrol is a promising lead compound for the design of membrane-active antibacterial agents against MRSA and can be used as a disinfectant candidate as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai-Cheng Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,College of Veterinary, Qingdao Agricultural University, Shandong, China.,College of Agriculture and Forestry, Linyi University, Shandong, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Jing Peng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shao-Qi Qu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Bin Song
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kui Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Shen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sadgrove NJ, Jones GL. From Petri Dish to Patient: Bioavailability Estimation and Mechanism of Action for Antimicrobial and Immunomodulatory Natural Products. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2470. [PMID: 31736910 PMCID: PMC6834656 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The new era of multidrug resistance of pathogens against frontline antibiotics has compromised the immense therapeutic gains of the 'golden age,' stimulating a resurgence in antimicrobial research focused on antimicrobial and immunomodulatory components of botanical, fungal or microbial origin. While much valuable information has been amassed on the potency of crude extracts and, indeed, purified compounds there are too many reports that uncritically extrapolate observed in vitro activity to presumed ingestive and/or topical therapeutic value, particularly in the discipline of ethnopharmacology. Thus, natural product researchers would benefit from a basic pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic understanding. Furthermore, therapeutic success of complex mixtures or single components derived therefrom is not always proportionate to their MIC values, since immunomodulation can be the dominant mechanism of action. Researchers often fail to acknowledge this, particularly when 'null' activity is observed. In this review we introduce the most up to date theories of oral and topical bioavailability including the metabolic processes affecting xenobiotic biotransformation before and after drugs reach the site of their action in the body. We briefly examine the common methodologies employed in antimicrobial, immunomodulatory and pharmacokinetic research. Importantly, we emphasize the contribution of synergies and/or antagonisms in complex mixtures as they affect absorptive processes in the body and sometimes potentiate activity. Strictly in the context of natural product research, it is important to acknowledge the potential for chemotypic variation within important medicinal plants. Furthermore, polar head space and rotatable bonds give a priori indications of the likelihood of bioavailability of active metabolites. Considering this and other relatively simple chemical insights, we hope to provide the basis for a more rigorous scientific assessment, enabling researchers to predict the likelihood that observed in vitro anti-infective activity will translate to in vivo outcomes in a therapeutic context. We give worked examples of tentative pharmacokinetic assessment of some well-known medicinal plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas John Sadgrove
- Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals (PAN) Group, School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
- Jodrell Science Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Lloyd Jones
- Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals (PAN) Group, School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wu SC, Han F, Song MR, Chen S, Li Q, Zhang Q, Zhu K, Shen JZ. Natural Flavones from Morus alba against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus via Targeting the Proton Motive Force and Membrane Permeability. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:10222-10234. [PMID: 31385700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The emergence and rapid spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) critically requires alternative therapeutic options. New antibacterial drugs and strategies are urgently needed to combat MRSA-associated infections. Here, we investigated the antibacterial activity of flavones from Morus alba and the potential mode of action against MRSA. Kuwanon G, kuwanon H, mulberrin, and morusin displayed high efficiency in killing diverse MRSA isolates. On the basis of structure-activity analysis, the cyclohexene-phenyl ketones and isopentenyl groups were critical to increase the membrane permeability and to dissipate the proton motive force. Meanwhile, mechanistic studies further showed that kuwanon G displayed rapid bactericidal activity in vitrowith difficulty in developing drug resistance. Kuwanon G targeted phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin in the cytoplasmic membrane through the formation of hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions. Additionally, kuwanon G promoted wound healing in a mouse model of MRSA skin infection. In summary, these results indicate that flavones are promising lead compounds to treat MRSA-associated infections through disrupting the proton motive force and membrane permeability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai-Cheng Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road , Beijing 100193 , China
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Qingdao Agricultural University , No. 700 Changcheng Road , Qingdao 266109 , Shandong , China
- College of Agriculture and Forestry , Linyi University , No. 1 Gongye Road , Linyi 276000 , Shandong , China
| | - Fei Han
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Mei-Rong Song
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Shang Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Qian Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Kui Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Jian-Zhong Shen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road , Beijing 100193 , China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wen S, Boyce JH, Kandappa SK, Sivaguru J, Porco JA. Regiodivergent Photocyclization of Dearomatized Acylphloroglucinols: Asymmetric Syntheses of (-)-Nemorosone and (-)-6- epi-Garcimultiflorone A. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:11315-11321. [PMID: 31264859 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Regiodivergent photocyclization of dearomatized acylphloroglucinol substrates has been developed to produce type A polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol (PPAP) derivatives using an excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process. Using this strategy, we achieved the enantioselective total syntheses of the type A PPAPs (-)-nemorosone and (-)-6-epi-garcimultiflorone A. Diverse photocyclization substrates have been investigated leading to divergent photocyclization processes as a function of tether length. Photophysical studies were performed, and photocyclization mechanisms were proposed based on investigation of various substrates as well as deuterium-labeling experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saishuai Wen
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD) , Boston University , 590 Commonwealth Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - Jonathan H Boyce
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD) , Boston University , 590 Commonwealth Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - Sunil K Kandappa
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and the Department of Chemistry , Bowling Green State University , Bowling Green , Ohio 43403-0001 , United States
| | - Jayaraman Sivaguru
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and the Department of Chemistry , Bowling Green State University , Bowling Green , Ohio 43403-0001 , United States
| | - John A Porco
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD) , Boston University , 590 Commonwealth Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| |
Collapse
|