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Gu Q, Zhu X, Yu Y, Jiang T, Pan Z, Ma J, Yao H. Type II and IV toxin-antitoxin systems coordinately stabilize the integrative and conjugative element of the ICESa2603 family conferring multiple drug resistance in Streptococcus suis. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012169. [PMID: 38640137 PMCID: PMC11062541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) play a vital role in bacterial evolution by carrying essential genes that confer adaptive functions to the host. Despite their importance, the mechanism underlying the stable inheritance of ICEs, which is necessary for the acquisition of new traits in bacteria, remains poorly understood. Here, we identified SezAT, a type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) system, and AbiE, a type IV TA system encoded within the ICESsuHN105, coordinately promote ICE stabilization and mediate multidrug resistance in Streptococcus suis. Deletion of SezAT or AbiE did not affect the strain's antibiotic susceptibility, but their duple deletion increased susceptibility, mainly mediated by the antitoxins SezA and AbiEi. Further studies have revealed that SezA and AbiEi affect the genetic stability of ICESsuHN105 by moderating the excision and extrachromosomal copy number, consequently affecting the antibiotic resistance conferred by ICE. The DNA-binding proteins AbiEi and SezA, which bind palindromic sequences in the promoter, coordinately modulate ICE excision and extracellular copy number by binding to sequences in the origin-of-transfer (oriT) and the attL sites, respectively. Furthermore, AbiEi negatively regulates the transcription of SezAT by binding directly to its promoter, optimizing the coordinate network of SezAT and AbiE in maintaining ICESsuHN105 stability. Importantly, SezAT and AbiE are widespread and conserved in ICEs harbouring diverse drug-resistance genes, and their coordinated effects in promoting ICE stability and mediating drug resistance may be broadly applicable to other ICEs. Altogether, our study uncovers the TA system's role in maintaining the genetic stability of ICE and offers potential targets for overcoming the dissemination and evolution of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibing Gu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiayu Zhu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Yu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zihao Pan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiale Ma
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, China
| | - Huochun Yao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, China
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Liang S, Zhang S, Bao Y, Zhang Y, Liu X, Yao H, Liu G. Combined Immunoinformatics to Design and Evaluate a Multi-Epitope Vaccine Candidate against Streptococcus suis Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:137. [PMID: 38400121 PMCID: PMC10892848 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a zoonotic pathogen with multiple serotypes, and thus, multivalent vaccines generating cross-protection against S. suis infections are urgently needed to improve animal welfare and reduce antibiotic abuse. In this study, we established a systematic and comprehensive epitope prediction pipeline based on immunoinformatics. Ten candidate epitopes were ultimately selected for building the multi-epitope vaccine (MVSS) against S. suis infections. The ten epitopes of MVSS were all derived from highly conserved, immunogenic, and virulence-associated surface proteins in S. suis. In silico analyses revealed that MVSS was structurally stable and affixed with immune receptors, indicating that it would likely trigger strong immunological reactions in the host. Furthermore, mice models demonstrated that MVSS elicited high titer antibodies and diminished damages in S. suis serotype 2 and Chz infection, significantly reduced sequelae, induced cytokine transcription, and decreased organ bacterial burdens after triple vaccination. Meanwhile, anti-rMVSS serum inhibited five important S. suis serotypes in vitro, exerted beneficial protective effects against S. suis infections and significantly reduced histopathological damage in mice. Given the above, it is possible to develop MVSS as a universal subunit vaccine against multiple serotypes of S. suis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shidan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yinli Bao
- Engineering Research Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Original Zoonosis, Fujian Province University, College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
| | - Yumin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huochun Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guangjin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya 572000, China
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Sedano SA, Cantalejo MGCT, Lapitan CGAR, de Guzman AMES, Consignado JT, Tandang NA, Estacio MAC, Kerdsin A, Silva BBI. Epidemiology and genetic diversity of Streptococcus suis in smallhold swine farms in the Philippines. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21178. [PMID: 38040767 PMCID: PMC10692119 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48406-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the presence and characteristics of locally circulating strains of Streptococcus suis, the most important streptococcal pathogen in swine. Oral swab samples were collected from pigs from 664 representative smallhold farms across nine provinces in the Philippines. Isolates were identified and characterized using PCR assays. The study revealed an isolation rate of 15.8% (105/664, 95% CI: 13.0-18.6) among the sampled farms. Two hundred sixty-nine (269) S. suis isolates were recovered from 119 unique samples. Serotype 31 was the most prevalent (50/269, 95% CI: 13.9-23.2) among the other serotypes identified: 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, 16, 17, 21, 27, 28, and 29. The detection of the three 'classical' S. suis virulence-associated genes showed that 90.7% (244/269, 95% CI: 87.2-94.2) were mrp-/epf-/sly-. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis further revealed 70 novel sequence types (STs). Notably, several local isolates belonging to these novel STs formed clonal complexes (CC) with S. suis strains recovered from Spain and USA, which are major pork-exporting countries to the Philippines. This study functionally marks the national baseline knowledge of S. suis in Philippines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Sedano
- Veterinary Vaccines Laboratory, National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (BIOTECH), University of the Philippines Los Baños, 4031, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines.
| | - Mary Grace Concepcion T Cantalejo
- Veterinary Vaccines Laboratory, National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (BIOTECH), University of the Philippines Los Baños, 4031, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Christine Grace Angela R Lapitan
- Veterinary Vaccines Laboratory, National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (BIOTECH), University of the Philippines Los Baños, 4031, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
- Ecosystem Services and Environmental Policy Laboratory, School of Environmental Science and Management, University of the Philippines Los Baños, 4031, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Angelo Miguel Elijah S de Guzman
- Veterinary Vaccines Laboratory, National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (BIOTECH), University of the Philippines Los Baños, 4031, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
- Department of Agrarian Reform, Elliptical Road, Diliman, 1107, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Jennielyn T Consignado
- Veterinary Vaccines Laboratory, National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (BIOTECH), University of the Philippines Los Baños, 4031, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Nancy A Tandang
- Institute of Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, 4031, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Maria Amelita C Estacio
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, 4031, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Anusak Kerdsin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, 47000, Thailand
| | - Benji Brayan Ilagan Silva
- Veterinary Vaccines Laboratory, National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (BIOTECH), University of the Philippines Los Baños, 4031, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines.
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Zhang J, Yang Y, Sun H, Luo X, Cui X, Miao Q, He D, Zhao J, Yan F, Pan Y, Zhai Y, Hu G. Prevalence of the optrA gene among Streptococcus suis isolates from diseased pigs and identification of a novel integrative conjugative element ICESsu988S. Res Microbiol 2023; 174:104078. [PMID: 37149078 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2023.104078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and genetic environment of the oxazolidinone resistance gene optrA in Streptococcus suis (S. suis) isolates from diseased pigs in China. A total of 178 S. suis isolates were screened for the optrA gene by PCR. The phenotypes and genotypes of optrA-positive isolates were investigated by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, core genome Multilocus Sequence Typing (cgMLST), capsular serotypes determination and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Fifty-one (28.7%) S. suis isolates were positive for optrA. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the spread of the optrA among S. suis isolates was primarily due to horizontal transfer. Analysis of S. suis serotypes from diseased pigs revealed substantial diversity. The genetic environment of optrA was complex and diverse and could be divided into 12 different types. Interestingly, we identified a novel integrative and conjugative element ICESsu988S, carrying optrA and erm(T) genes. This is to the best of our knowledge the first report of the optrA and erm(T) co-located on an ICE in S. suis. Our results showed a high prevalence of optrA gene in S. suis isolates in China. Further research is needed to evaluate the importance of ICEs, as they horizontally propagate important clinical resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junkai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yingying Yang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Huarun Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China.
| | - Xingwei Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Xiaodie Cui
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Qingqing Miao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Dandan He
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Jinfeng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Fengbin Yan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yushan Pan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yajun Zhai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Gongzheng Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Zhou J, Pang A, Zhou H. Active disturbance rejection control of drag-free satellites considering the effect of micro-propulsion noise. iScience 2023; 26:107213. [PMID: 37485376 PMCID: PMC10362291 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The space gravitational wave detection mission requires a super "static and precise" scientific experiment environment. In order to solve the non-conservative force disturbance variation and the actuator noise and measurement noise, this paper designs a drag-free control scheme based on active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) framework to achieve the high-precision index. According to the ultra-high accuracy, low bandwidth limitation, and robustness requirements of drag-free satellite, the H∞ controller satisfying the robustness constraint is designed as an active disturbance rejection feedback controller to achieve the high-precision index. Meanwhile, the non-conservative force disturbance with a wide range of variations is estimated and feedforward compensated by an extended state observer to improve the system robustness. Simulation results show that the control system can achieve the relative displacement of 2 nm/Hznm/Hz1/2 for the drag-free satellite platform and the residual acceleration of 1 × 10-15 m/sm/s2/Hz1/2 for the test mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhou
- College of Electrical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Aiping Pang
- College of Electrical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Hongbo Zhou
- College of Electrical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Wang CZ, Wang MG, Chu YF, Sun RY, Li JG, Li XA, Sun J, Liu YH, Zhou YF, Liao XP. Antibiotic Resistance Patterns and Molecular Characterization of Streptococcus suis Isolates from Swine and Humans in China. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0030923. [PMID: 37154736 PMCID: PMC10269843 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00309-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen that causes disease in humans after exposure to infected pigs or pig-derived food products. In this study, we examined the serotype distribution, antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and genotypes, integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs), and associated genomic environments of S. suis isolates from humans and pigs in China from 2008 to 2019. We identified isolates of 13 serotypes, predominated by serotype 2 (40/96; 41.7%), serotype 3 (10/96; 10.4%), and serotype 1 (6/96; 6.3%). Whole-genome sequencing analysis revealed that these isolates possessed 36 different sequence types (STs), and ST242 and ST117 were the most prevalent. Phylogenetic analysis revealed possible animal and human clonal transmission, while antimicrobial susceptibility testing indicated high-level resistance to macrolides, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides. These isolates carried 24 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) that conferred resistance to 7 antibiotic classes. The antibiotic resistance genotypes were directly correlated with the observed phenotypes. We also identified ICEs in 10 isolates, which were present in 4 different genetic environments and possessed differing ARG combinations. We also predicted and confirmed by PCR analysis the existence of a translocatable unit (TU) in which the oxazolidinone resistance gene optrA was flanked by IS1216E elements. One-half (5/10) of the ICE-carrying strains could be mobilized by conjugation. A comparison of the parental recipient with an ICE-carrying transconjugant in a mouse in vivo thigh infection model indicated that the ICE strain could not be eliminated with tetracycline treatment. S. suis therefore poses a significant challenge to global public health and requires continuous monitoring, especially for the presence of ICEs and associated ARGs that can be transferred via conjugation. IMPORTANCE S. suis is a serious zoonotic pathogen. In this study, we investigated the epidemiological and molecular characteristics of 96 S. suis isolates from 10 different provinces of China from 2008 to 2019. A subset of these isolates (10) carried ICEs that were able to be horizontally transferred among isolates of different S. suis serotypes. A mouse thigh infection model revealed that ICE-facilitated ARG transfer promoted resistance development. S. suis requires continuous monitoring, especially for the presence of ICEs and associated ARGs that can be transferred via conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Zhen Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min-Ge Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue-Fei Chu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruan-Yang Sun
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Guo Li
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian-An Li
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Hong Liu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Feng Zhou
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Liao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Dai X, Sun J, Zhu B, Lv M, Chen L, Chen L, Wang X, Huang J, Wang L. Various Mobile Genetic Elements Involved in the Dissemination of the Phenicol-Oxazolidinone Resistance Gene optrA in the Zoonotic Pathogen Streptococcus suis: a Nonignorable Risk to Public Health. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0487522. [PMID: 37070987 PMCID: PMC10269897 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04875-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid increase of phenicol-oxazolidinone (PhO) resistance in Streptococcus suis due to transferable resistance gene optrA is a matter of concern. However, genetic mechanisms for the dissemination of the optrA gene remain to be discovered. Here, we selected 33 optrA-positive S. suis isolates for whole-genome sequencing and analysis. The IS1216E element was present in 85% of the optrA-carrying contigs despite genetic variation observed in the flanking region. IS1216E-optrA-carrying segments could be inserted into larger mobile genetic elements (MGEs), including integrative and conjugative elements, plasmids, prophages, and antibiotic resistance-associated genomic islands. IS1216E-mediated circularization occurred to form the IS1216E-optrA-carrying translocatable units, suggesting a crucial role of IS1216E in optrA spreading. Three optrA-carrying MGEs (ICESsuAKJ47_SSU1797, plasmid pSH0918, and prophage ΦSsuFJSM5_rum) were successfully transferred via conjugation at different transfer frequencies. Interestingly, two types of transconjugants were observed due to the multilocus integration of ICESsuAKJ47 into an alternative SSU1943 attachment site along with the primary SSU1797 attachment site (type 1) or into the single SSU1797 attachment site (type 2). In addition, conjugative transfer of an optrA-carrying plasmid and prophage in streptococci was validated for the first time. Considering the abundance of MGEs in S. suis and the mobility of IS1216E-optrA-carrying translocatable units, attention should be paid to the potential risks to public health from the emergence and spread of PhO-resistant S. suis. IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial resistance to phenicols and oxazolidinones by the dissemination of the optrA gene leads to treatment failure in both veterinary and human medicine. However, information about the profile of these MGEs (mobilome) that carry optrA and their transferability in streptococci was limited, especially for the zoonotic pathogen S. suis. This study showed that the optrA-carrying mobilome in S. suis includes integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs), plasmids, prophages, and antibiotic resistance-associated genomic islands. IS1216E-mediated formation of optrA-carrying translocatable units played important roles in optrA spreading between types of MGEs, and conjugative transfer of various optrA-carrying MGEs (ICEs, plasmids, and prophages) further facilitated the transfer of optrA across strains, highlighting a nonignorable risk to public health of optrA dissemination to other streptococci and even to bacteria of other genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyang Dai
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junjie Sun
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Boqin Zhu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingsiyi Lv
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liye Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Risk Assessment Center of Veterinary Drug Residue and Antimicrobial Resistance, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinhu Huang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Risk Assessment Center of Veterinary Drug Residue and Antimicrobial Resistance, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liping Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Risk Assessment Center of Veterinary Drug Residue and Antimicrobial Resistance, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Wang J, Qi K, Bai X, Wu Z, Kang W, Liang P, Zheng H, Xu J. Characterization of integrative and conjugative elements carrying antibiotic resistance genes of Streptococcus suis isolated in China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1074844. [PMID: 36620002 PMCID: PMC9815147 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1074844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis, an emerging zoonotic pathogen, is important reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes that play critical roles in the horizontal transfer of corresponding resistances. In the present study, 656 antibiotic resistance (AR) genes were detected in 154 of 155 genomes of S. suis strains isolated from the nasopharynx of slaughtered pigs and the lungs of diseased pigs in China. The AR genes were clustered into 11 categories, consisting of tetracycline, macrolides, lincosamide, streptogramin, aminoglycoside, trimethoprim, amphenicols, nucleoside, quinupristin/dalfopristin, glycopeptide, and oxazolidinones resistance genes. In order to investigate the transmission patterns of the AR genes, AR genes-associated the mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were extracted and investigated. Twenty ICEs, one defective ICE, one tandem ICE, and ten prophages were found, which mainly carried tetracycline, macrolides/lincosamides/streptogramin (MLS), and aminoglycosides resistance genes. Three types of DNA cargo with AR genes were integrated into specific sites of ICEs: integrative mobilizable elements (IMEs), cis-IMEs (CIMEs), and transposon Tn916. Obvious differences in AR gene categories were found among the three cargo types. IMEs mainly harbored tetracycline and MLS resistance genes. CIMEs mainly carried aminoglycoside resistance genes, while transposon Tn916 carried only the tet (M) gene. Nearly all AR genes in ICEs were carried by IMEs and CIMEs. IMEs were prevalent and were also detected in additional 29 S. suis genomes. The horizontal transfer of IMEs and CIMEs may play critical role in ICE evolution and AR gene transmission in the S. suis population. Our findings provide novel insights into the transmission patterns of AR genes and the evolutionary mechanisms of ICEs in S. suis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Kexin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zongfu Wu
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiming Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Pujun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China,Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China
| | - Han Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Han Zheng, ✉
| | - Jianguo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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9
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Deletion of lacD gene affected stress tolerance and virulence of Streptococcus suis serotype 2. J Microbiol 2022; 60:948-959. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-2146-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Guo G, Wang Z, Li Q, Yu Y, Li Y, Tan Z, Zhang W. Genomic characterization of Streptococcus parasuis, a close relative of Streptococcus suis and also a potential opportunistic zoonotic pathogen. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:469. [PMID: 35752768 PMCID: PMC9233858 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08710-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus parasuis (S. parasuis) is a close relative of Streptococcus suis (S. suis), composed of former members of S. suis serotypes 20, 22 and 26. S. parasuis could infect pigs and cows, and recently, human infection cases have been reported, making S. parasuis a potential opportunistic zoonotic pathogen. In this study, we analysed the genomic characteristics of S. parasuis, using pan-genome analysis, and compare some phenotypic determinants such as capsular polysaccharide, integrative conjugative elements, CRISPR-Cas system and pili, and predicted the potential virulence genes by associated analysis of the clinical condition of isolated source animals and genotypes. Furthermore, to discuss the relationship with S. suis, we compared these characteristics of S. parasuis with those of S. suis. We found that the characteristics of S. parasuis are similar to those of S. suis, both of them have "open" pan-genome, their antimicrobial resistance gene profiles are similar and a srtF pilus cluster of S. suis was identified in S. parasuis genome. But S. parasuis still have its unique characteristics, two novel pilus clusters are and three different type CRISPR-Cas system were found. Therefore, this study provides novel insights into the interspecific and intraspecific genetic characteristics of S. parasuis, which can be useful for further study of this opportunistic pathogen, such as serotyping, diagnostics, vaccine development, and study of the pathogenesis mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genglin Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China.,OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, 210095, China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing, China.,The Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, China
| | - Zhuohao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China.,OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, 210095, China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing, China.,The Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, China
| | - Quan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yanfei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yubao Li
- Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Zhongming Tan
- NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China. .,Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China. .,OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, 210095, China. .,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing, China. .,The Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, China.
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11
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Characterization of a Novel Linezolid Resistance Gene optrA and Bacitracin Resistance Locus-Carrying Multiple Antibiotic Resistant Integrative and Conjugative Element ICE Ssu1112S in Streptococccus Suis. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0196321. [PMID: 35170998 PMCID: PMC8849049 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01963-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis strain 1112S was isolated from a diseased pig in a feedlot from Henan, China, in 2019. The isolate harbored a linezolid resistance gene optrA. WGS data revealed that the optrA gene was associated with a single copy ETAf ISS1S, in tandem with erm(B) and tet(O), located in a novel 72,587 bp integrative and conjugative element (ICE). Notably, this novel element, designated ICESsu1112S, also carried a novel bacitracin resistance locus. ICESsu1112S could be excised from chromosome and transferred to the recipient strain S. suis P1/7 with a frequency of 5.9 × 10−6 transconjugants per donor cell. This study provided the first description of the coexistence of optrA and a novel bacitracin locus on a multiple antibiotic resistant ICE and highlighted that ICE were major vehicle and contribute to the potential transfer of clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes. IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) caused by the imprudent use of antimicrobials has become a global problem, which poses a serious threat to treatment of S. suis infection in pigs and humans. Importantly, AMR genes can horizontally spread among commensal organisms and pathogenic microbiota, thereby accelerating the dissemination of AMR determinants. These transfers are mainly mediated by mobile genetic elements, including ICEs. In S. suis, ICEs are the major vehicles that contribute to the natural transfers of AMR genes among different bacterial pathogens. However, ICEs that carry optrA and bacitracin resistance locus are rarely investigated in S. suis isolates. Here, we investigated a S. suis isolate carrying an optrA and a novel bacitracin resistance locus, which were co-located on a novel multiple antibiotic resistant ICESsu1112S. Our study suggests that more research is needed to access the real significance of ICEs that horizontally spread clinical important resistance genes.
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12
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Roodsant TJ, Van Der Putten BCL, Tamminga SM, Schultsz C, Van Der Ark KCH. Identification of Streptococcus suis putative zoonotic virulence factors: A systematic review and genomic meta-analysis. Virulence 2021; 12:2787-2797. [PMID: 34666617 PMCID: PMC8632099 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1985760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an emerging zoonotic pathogen. Over 100 putative virulence factors have been described, but it is unclear to what extent these virulence factors could contribute to zoonotic potential of S. suis. We identified all S. suis virulence factors studied in experimental models of human origin in a systematic review and assessed their contribution to zoonotic potential in a subsequent genomic meta-analysis. PubMed and Scopus were searched for English-language articles that studied S. suis virulence published until 31 March 2021. Articles that analyzed a virulence factor by knockout mutation, purified protein, and/or recombinant protein in a model of human origin, were included. Data on virulence factor, strain characteristics, used human models and experimental outcomes were extracted. All publicly available S. suis genomes with available metadata on host, disease status and country of origin, were included in a genomic meta-analysis. We calculated the ratio of the prevalence of each virulence factor in human and pig isolates. We included 130 articles and 1703 S. suis genomes in the analysis. We identified 53 putative virulence factors that were encoded by genes which are part of the S. suis core genome and 26 factors that were at least twice as prevalent in human isolates as in pig isolates. Hhly3 and NisK/R were particularly enriched in human isolates, after stratification by genetic lineage and country of isolation. This systematic review and genomic meta-analysis have identified virulence factors that are likely to contribute to the zoonotic potential of S. suis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Roodsant
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Global Health-Amsterdam, Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Boas C L Van Der Putten
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Global Health-Amsterdam, Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sara M Tamminga
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Constance Schultsz
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Global Health-Amsterdam, Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kees C H Van Der Ark
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Global Health-Amsterdam, Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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13
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Wang Z, Li H, Zhang J, Wang X, Zhang Y, Wang H. Identification of a novel plasmid-mediated tigecycline resistance-related gene, tet(Y), in Acinetobacter baumannii. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 77:58-68. [PMID: 34634801 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkab375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize a novel plasmid-mediated tigecycline resistance-related gene, tet(Y), in a clinical Acinetobacter baumannii isolate from China. METHODS The tet(Y)-encoded tigecycline-resistant A. baumannii 2016GDAB1 was screened through antimicrobial susceptibility testing and WGS. The function of tet(Y) was verified by complementation of tet(Y). The plasmid transferability and stability were detected via plasmid conjugation and in vitro bacterial passaging. The 3D structure of Tet(Y) was predicted and docked using tFold and AutoDock Vina. RESULTS The tigecycline-resistant A. baumannii 2016GDAB1 was isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of a patient with hospital-acquired pneumonia. However, this strain did not harbour any common tigecycline resistance genes, determinants or mutations. 2016GDAB1 belongs to the non-epidemic clone ST355 (Oxford scheme), which has been mainly reported in animals. The tet(Y) gene was located on a 72 156 bp plasmid and genomic environment analysis revealed that Tn5393 may play a role in tet(Y) transmission, whereas phylogenetic analysis indicated the origin of tet(Y) as from Aeromonas. Overexpression of tet(Y) resulted in a 2- to 4-fold increase in tigecycline MIC. Introduction of the tet(Y)-harbouring plasmid p2016GDAB1 via electroporation resulted in a 16-fold increase in tigecycline MIC but failed to transfer into the tigecycline-susceptible A. baumannii recipient via conjugation. Isolates carrying the tet(Y) gene were vulnerable to tigecycline pressure and exhibited decreased susceptibility to tigecycline. A tet(Y)-carrying plasmid was stably maintained in the host strains. CONCLUSIONS This study identified the tigecycline resistance-related gene tet(Y) in A. baumannii. This gene conferred an increased tigecycline MIC and the transposable element Tn5393 may play a role in its transmission across isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiren Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Henan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yawei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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14
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Wang Z, Guo M, Kong L, Gao Y, Ma J, Cheng Y, Wang H, Yan Y, Sun J. TLR4 Agonist Combined with Trivalent Protein JointS of Streptococcus suis Provides Immunological Protection in Animals. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9020184. [PMID: 33671673 PMCID: PMC7926372 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) serotype 2 (SS2) is the causative agent of swine streptococcosis and can cause severe diseases in both pigs and humans. Although the traditional inactive vaccine can protect pigs from SS2 infection, novel vaccine candidates are needed to overcome its shortcomings. Three infection-associated proteins in S. suis—muramidase-released protein (MRP), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and DLD, a novel putative dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase—have been previously identified by immunoproteomic assays. In this study, the effective immune protection of the recombinant trivalent protein GAPDH-MRP-DLD (JointS) against SS2, SS7, and SS9 was determined in zebrafish. To improve the immune efficacy of JointS, monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) as a TLR4 agonist adjuvant, which induces a strong innate immune response in the immune cells of mice and pigs, was combined with JointS to immunize the mice. The results showed that immunized mice could induce the production of a high titer of anti-S. suis antibodies; as a result, 100% of mice survived after SS2 infection. Furthermore, JointS provides good protection against virulent SS2 strain infections in piglets. Given the above, there is potential to develop JointS as a novel subunit vaccine for piglets to prevent infection by SS2 and other S. suis serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Z.W.); (M.G.); (L.K.); (Y.G.); (J.M.); (Y.C.); (H.W.); (Y.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mengting Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Z.W.); (M.G.); (L.K.); (Y.G.); (J.M.); (Y.C.); (H.W.); (Y.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Licheng Kong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Z.W.); (M.G.); (L.K.); (Y.G.); (J.M.); (Y.C.); (H.W.); (Y.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Z.W.); (M.G.); (L.K.); (Y.G.); (J.M.); (Y.C.); (H.W.); (Y.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jingjiao Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Z.W.); (M.G.); (L.K.); (Y.G.); (J.M.); (Y.C.); (H.W.); (Y.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuqiang Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Z.W.); (M.G.); (L.K.); (Y.G.); (J.M.); (Y.C.); (H.W.); (Y.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Henan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Z.W.); (M.G.); (L.K.); (Y.G.); (J.M.); (Y.C.); (H.W.); (Y.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yaxian Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Z.W.); (M.G.); (L.K.); (Y.G.); (J.M.); (Y.C.); (H.W.); (Y.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jianhe Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Z.W.); (M.G.); (L.K.); (Y.G.); (J.M.); (Y.C.); (H.W.); (Y.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-21-3420-6926
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15
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Wang S, Zhang D, Jiang C, He H, Cui C, Duan W, Hu S, Wang J, Cai X. Strain Characterization of Streptococcus suis Serotypes 28 and 31, Which Harbor the Resistance Genes optrA and ant(6)-Ia. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10020213. [PMID: 33669225 PMCID: PMC7919788 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis causes disease in pigs and is implicated increasingly in human disease worldwide. Although most clinical cases are associated with serotype 2, infections by other serotypes have sometimes been reported. Here, we sequenced the genome of a multidrug-resistant S. suis serotype 28 (strain 11313) and a multidrug-resistant S. suis serotype 31 (strain 11LB5). Strain 11313 was apathogenic in mouse infection models, whereas strain 11LB5 displayed ganglion demyelination, meningeal thickening, congestion, mononuclear cell infiltration, massive proliferation of cortical glial cells, and bacteria (>104 CFU/g) in the spinal cord and ganglia in mice. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry found that the heavily infiltrated glial cells were astrocytes. Strain 11313 harbored the resistance genes ant(6)-Ia, erm(B), optrA, tet(l), tet(o), and strain 11LB5 harbored the resistance genes ant(6)-Ia, erm(B), tet(40), tet(o/w/32/o), aac(6′)-aph(2″). Mouse studies showed that strain 11LB5 exhibited a similar virulence to serotype 2 strain 700794, highlighting the need for surveillance of the other serotype S. suis isolates, in addition to serotype 2, in farms. This is the first report of the aminoglycoside resistance gene ant(6)-Ia in S. suis from animals. This suggests that S. suis might serve as an antibiotic resistance reservoir, which spreads the resistance gene ant(6)-Ia or optrA to other streptococcal pathogens on farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (C.J.); (H.H.); (C.C.); (W.D.); (S.H.)
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Defu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China;
| | - Chenggang Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (C.J.); (H.H.); (C.C.); (W.D.); (S.H.)
| | - Haijuan He
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (C.J.); (H.H.); (C.C.); (W.D.); (S.H.)
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Chenchen Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (C.J.); (H.H.); (C.C.); (W.D.); (S.H.)
| | - Weitong Duan
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (C.J.); (H.H.); (C.C.); (W.D.); (S.H.)
| | - Shouping Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (C.J.); (H.H.); (C.C.); (W.D.); (S.H.)
| | - Jun Wang
- Beijing General Station of Animal Husbandry, Beijing 100029, China;
| | - Xuehui Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (C.J.); (H.H.); (C.C.); (W.D.); (S.H.)
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (X.C.)
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16
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Streptococcus suis Uptakes Carbohydrate Source from Host Glycoproteins by N-glycans Degradation System for Optimal Survival and Full Virulence during Infection. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9050387. [PMID: 32443590 PMCID: PMC7281376 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9050387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with the epidemic virulent strain of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) can cause septicemia in swine and humans, leading to pneumonia, meningitis and even cytokine storm of Streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome. Despite some progress concerning the contribution of bacterial adhesion, biofilm, toxicity and stress response to the SS2 systemic infection, the precise mechanism underlying bacterial survival and growth within the host bloodstream remains elusive. Here, we reported the SS2 virulent strains with a more than 20 kb endoSS-related insertion region that showed significantly higher proliferative ability in swine serum than low-virulent strains. Further study identified a complete N-glycans degradation system encoded within this insertion region, and found that both GH92 and EndoSS contribute to bacterial virulence, but that only DndoSS was required for optimal growth of SS2 in host serum. The supplement of hydrolyzed high-mannose-containing glycoprotein by GH92 and EndoSS could completely restore the growth deficiency of endoSS deletion mutant in swine serum. EndoSS only hydrolyzed a part of the model glycoprotein RNase B with high-mannose N-linked glycoforms into a low molecular weight form, and the solo activity of GH92 could not show any changes comparing with the blank control in SDS-PAGE gel. However, complete hydrolyzation was observed under the co-incubation of EndoSS and GH92, suggesting GH92 may degrade the high-mannose arms of N-glycans to generate a substrate for EndoSS. In summary, these findings provide compelling evidences that EndoSS-related N-glycans degradation system may enable SS2 to adapt to host serum-specific availability of carbon sources from glycoforms, and be required for optimal colonization and full virulence during systemic infection.
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